Semicircular arched tunnel boring machine and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a semicircular arched tunnel boring machine and a use method thereof. The semi-circular arched roadway heading machine comprises a main cutter head used for excavating a circular roadway, the section of the circular roadway is equal to the diameter of the main cutter head, the main cutter head is connected with the front end of a main rack of the semi-circular arched roadway heading machine, and the main rack is used for pushing the main cutter head to advance; the roadway forming device is arranged behind the main machine frame and comprises a milling and excavating hob used for excavating a circular roadway into a semicircular arched roadway and a balance supporting shoe capable of transversely extending and shortening, when the balance supporting shoe extends to the maximum distance, the transverse length of the balance supporting shoe is larger than the diameter of the main tool bit, and the milling and excavating hob can move forwards and backwards relative to the roadway forming device; the bottom of the balance supporting shoe is higher than the top of the milling and digging hob; the dragging oil cylinder is connected between the main machine frame and the roadway forming device and can synchronously extend at the speed the same as that of the main tool bit, and the length and the shortening are kept. The semi-circular arched roadway can be formed at a time, and the excavation efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel boring machinery, and more specifically, to a semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine and its method of use. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, existing full-face rock tunnel boring machines (TBMs) cannot form semi-circular arched tunnels in one go. They can only first process a circular tunnel using the main cutter head of the TBM, and then excavate and line the sidewalls of the circular tunnel, resulting in low excavation efficiency. If the lining is directly applied to the arched bottom of the circular tunnel, only a horseshoe-shaped tunnel can be formed, not a semi-circular arched tunnel. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine and its method of use, thereby solving or at least alleviating one or more of the above-mentioned problems and other problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the aforementioned objective, a first aspect of the present invention provides a semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine, wherein the semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine comprises: The main cutter head is used to excavate a circular tunnel in front of the semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine. The main cutter head is connected to the front end of the main frame of the semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine. The main frame is used to push the main cutter head forward for tunneling. A tunnel forming device is disposed behind the main frame. The device includes a milling cutter for excavating a circular tunnel into a semi-circular arched tunnel and a laterally extendable and retractable balance shoe. When the balance shoe is extended to its maximum length, its lateral length is greater than the diameter of the main cutter head. Therefore, the balance shoe can extend to abut against the sidewall of the circular tunnel to fix the tunnel forming device. The milling cutter can move forward and backward relative to the tunnel forming device to excavate the sidewall of the circular tunnel. The bottom of the balance shoe is higher than the top of the milling cutter. A towing cylinder is connected between the main frame and the tunnel forming device. The towing cylinder can extend synchronously at the same speed as the main cutter head's forward excavation, thereby stopping the tunnel forming device from moving forward. The towing cylinder can maintain its length, thereby pulling the tunnel forming device forward synchronously with the main frame. The towing cylinder can also shorten, thereby pulling the tunnel forming device forward to move closer to the main frame.

[0005] In the semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine described above, optionally, the cylindrical milling cutter is disposed on both sides of the tunnel forming device and extends laterally along the tunnel forming device. The outer peripheral surface of the milling cutter is a side cutter face, and the outer end of the side cutter face is the outer end face of the milling cutter. The side cutter face is used to excavate mutually parallel vertical walls and a horizontal bottom plate on the side wall of the circular tunnel. The vertical walls are perpendicular to the bottom plate.

[0006] In the semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine as described above, optionally, cutting blades are arranged axially on the side cutter face, and the cutting blades are more densely arranged near the outer end of the side cutter face than near the middle position of the side cutter face.

[0007] In the semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine described above, optionally, a collection bucket is provided on each side of the tunnel forming device. The collection bucket is used to collect the gravel produced by the milling cutter. The collection bucket extends along the height direction of the tunnel forming device and can be laterally extended to both sides of the tunnel forming device. When the collection bucket is extended to its maximum distance, the outermost part of the collection bucket protrudes from the outer end face in the lateral direction. The bottom of the collection bucket is 1 to 3 centimeters higher than the horizontal tangent line of the lowest point of the side cutter face of the milling cutter.

[0008] In the semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine as described above, optionally, support components are provided on both sides of the tunnel forming device, and the support components include: a drilling rig, a swing device and a lifting device; The drilling rig reinforces the semi-circular arched tunnel by vertically drilling anchor bolts into the sidewalls of the tunnel; the drilling rig is mounted on the swing device. The swing device is used to drive the drilling rig to swing, and the direction of the swing of the drilling rig is parallel to the transverse cross section of the semi-circular arched tunnel. The swing device is installed on the lifting device. The lifting device is used to drive the swing device and the drilling rig to lift.

[0009] In the semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine described above, optionally, the tunnel forming device includes a side-repair trolley and a material collection and support trolley. The front part of the side-repair trolley is connected to the towing cylinder, and the front part of the material collection and support trolley is rigidly connected to or hinged to the rear part of the side-repair trolley. The side-repair trolley is used to install the milling cutter and the balance support shoe, and the material collection and support trolley is used to install the material collection bucket and the support assembly.

[0010] In the semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine as described above, optionally, the drilling rigs of the support components are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the material receiving support trolley in the transverse direction.

[0011] In the semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine described above, optionally, the receiving bucket has a bucket support, which is fixedly connected to the side of the receiving support trolley. The bucket support has a guide surface that extends forward of the receiving support trolley and is inclined outward. The guide surface is used to guide the crushed stone generated by the milling cutter from both sides of the receiving support trolley to the middle of the receiving support trolley.

[0012] In the semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine described above, optionally, the main frame includes a main hydraulic cylinder and a main support shoe capable of laterally extending and retracting. The main support shoe is used to abut against the side wall of the circular tunnel when extended, thereby fixing the main support shoe. The main hydraulic cylinder is connected between the main support shoe and the main frame. The main hydraulic cylinder can extend when the main support shoe abuts against the side wall of the circular tunnel, thereby advancing the main frame and the main cutter head forward of the semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine.

[0013] To achieve the aforementioned objective, a second aspect of the present invention provides a method of using a semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine as described in any one of the first aspects above, characterized in that the steps of the method include: Control the drag cylinder so that its extension speed is the same as the forward excavation speed of the main cutter head, and control the balance support shoe to extend laterally until it abuts against the side wall of the circular tunnel. The milling cutter is controlled to move forward relative to the tunnel forming device, while the milling cutter is driven to excavate the side wall of the circular tunnel. Control the shortening of the balance support shoe, control the shortening of the drag cylinder, and control the milling cutter to move backward to its original position relative to the roadway forming device; Repeat this usage method.

[0014] This invention, by incorporating a drag cylinder, enables the tunnel forming device to excavate a circular tunnel while the main cutter head of the tunneling machine is advancing forward, thereby forming a semi-circular arched tunnel. This process forms the semi-circular arched tunnel in one go without affecting the tunneling speed of the tunneling machine, thus improving the excavation efficiency of the semi-circular arched tunnel. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The disclosure of this invention will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 Schematic diagrams of cross-sections of circular tunnels and semi-circular arched tunnels; Figure 2 This is a schematic perspective view of the structure of a semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine according to the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2A schematic perspective view of the tunnel forming device in the embodiment; Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic perspective view of the receiving bucket in the embodiment; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the usage method of the semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine of the present invention.

[0016] Reference numerals: 1-Main cutter head; 2-Main frame; 4-Tunnel forming device; 5-Main support shoe; 6-Milling cutter; 7-Side cutter face; 8-Support assembly; 9-Side repair trolley; 10-Arched top arch; 11-Cutting blade; 12-Arched bottom arch; 14-Collection bucket; 15-Guide plate; 16-Swing cylinder; 17-Collection support trolley; 19-Compactor roller; 20-Drilling rig; 21-Lifting device; 22-Swing device; 23-Balance support shoe; 24-Traction cylinder; 26-Vertical wall; 28-Circular tunnel; 29-Semi-circular arched tunnel; 32-Outer end face; 34-Bucket support; 37-Bottom plate; 38-Guide surface. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Referring to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, the structure, composition, features, and advantages of a semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine and its usage method according to the present invention will be described below by way of example. However, all descriptions should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any way.

[0018] For any single technical feature described or implied in the embodiments mentioned herein, or any single technical feature shown or implied in the various drawings, the present invention still allows for any combination or deletion of these technical features (or their equivalents) without any technical obstacle, and thus these further embodiments according to the present invention should also be considered within the scope of the description herein.

[0019] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature.

[0020] In this application, the axes of the tunneling machine, the tunnel forming device 4, the side repair trolley 9, and the material receiving support trolley 17 are coincident and parallel in width direction. The term "lateral" for the aforementioned structures refers to their width direction. The term "lateral" for the circular tunnel 28 and the semi-circular arched tunnel 29 refers to their width direction. Figure 1 The left and right directions from the perspective of the cross-section. Under normal circumstances, the "lateral" and "width" directions of the aforementioned tunneling machine and other structures are parallel to the "lateral" direction of the aforementioned tunnel.

[0021] Figure 1Schematic diagrams of cross-sections of circular tunnels and semi-circular arched tunnels; Figure 2 This is a schematic perspective view of the structure of a semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine according to the present invention. The following is in conjunction with... Figure 1 and Figure 2 This invention describes an embodiment of a semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine. Figure 2 The tunnel is not shown, but the tunneling machine is in the tunnel during operation, and the axes of the two are parallel to each other.

[0022] This invention discloses a semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine comprising a main cutter head 1, a main frame 2, a tunnel forming device 4, and a dragging cylinder 24. The semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine of this invention excavates a circular tunnel 28 from the front using the circular main cutter head 1. The cross-section of this circular tunnel is a circle with a diameter equal to that of the main cutter head 1. The main cutter head 1 is connected to the front end of the main frame 2, which is used to push the main cutter head 1 forward for excavation. Therefore, the axial direction of the main frame and the main cutter head is parallel to the axial direction of the circular tunnel. The tunnel forming device 4 is located behind the main frame 2 and includes a milling cutter 6 and a balance support shoe 23. The milling cutter 6 is used to excavate the circular tunnel 28 into a semi-circular arch tunnel 29; that is, the milling cutter 6 can further excavate the circular tunnel 28 to process the semi-circular arch tunnel 29. The balance support shoe 23 can extend and shorten laterally. When the balance support shoe 23 extends to its maximum length, its lateral length is greater than the diameter of the main cutter head. In other words, the maximum lateral extension of the balance support shoe 23 on the tunneling machine is greater than the diameter of the circular tunnel. Therefore, the balance support shoe 23 can extend to abut against, for example,... Figure 1 The left and right side walls of the circular tunnel 28 shown are fixed with tunnel forming devices 4. The milling cutter 6 can move forward and backward relative to the tunnel forming device 4, and can excavate the side walls of the circular tunnel through its own rotation. During this process, the balance shoe and the tunnel forming device remain stationary. The bottom of the balance shoe can be higher than the top of the milling cutter, so the milling cutter will not collide with the balance shoe during its forward movement, allowing the milling cutter to move forward as far as possible, maximizing its excavation length in a single stroke, and improving excavation efficiency. A towing cylinder 24 is connected between the main frame 2 and the tunnel forming device 4. The drag cylinder 24 can extend and retract, and it can extend synchronously at the same speed as the main cutter head 1 to advance forward, thereby stopping the roadway forming device 4 from moving forward. The drag cylinder 24 can also maintain a constant length, thereby pulling the roadway forming device 4 to move forward synchronously with the main frame 2 and the main cutter head 1. The drag cylinder 24 can also shorten, thereby pulling the roadway forming device 4 forward to move closer to the main frame 2.

[0023] The balancing support shoes 23 can extend laterally to both sides of the tunnel forming device 4. Therefore, the balancing support shoes 23 can be designed as a single unit or in two sets arranged back-to-back on both sides of the tunnel forming device 4, extending and retracting synchronously in opposite directions. Each set of balancing support shoes can include two support shoes to enhance the stability of the balancing support shoes when supporting the tunnel sidewalls. The extension and retraction of the balancing support shoes can be driven by hydraulic cylinders.

[0024] Optionally, the main frame 2 may include a main hydraulic cylinder and a main support shoe 5 capable of laterally extending and retracting. The main support shoe 5 is used to abut against the sidewall of the tunnel when extended, thereby fixing the main support shoe 5. The main hydraulic cylinder is connected between the main support shoe 5 and the main frame 2. The main hydraulic cylinder can extend when the main support shoe 5 abuts against the sidewall of the circular tunnel 28, thereby advancing the main frame 2 and the main cutter head 1 forward towards the semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine. Through the alternating extension and retraction of the main hydraulic cylinder and the main support shoe, the main hydraulic cylinder continuously pushes the main frame 2 and the main cutter head 1 forward, excavating a new circular tunnel along the extension line of the existing tunnel.

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic perspective view of the tunnel forming device in the embodiment.

[0026] Optionally, the milling cutter 6 can be cylindrical, and the cylindrical milling cutter is arranged on both sides of the roadway forming device 4, extending laterally along the roadway forming device 4. The roadway forming device 4 and the tunneling machine are both parallel to each other laterally. Figure 1 The left and right directions of the cross-section of the middle tunnel. The outer peripheral surface of the milling cutter 6 is the side face 7, and the outer end of the side face is the outer end face 32 of the milling cutter. The side face 7 is used in the circular tunnel 28 (see Figure 1 Vertical and parallel walls were excavated from the side wall of the 26th (see) Figure 1 ) and horizontal base plate 37 (see Figure 1The bottom plate 37 is connected to the bottom of the vertical wall 26, and the vertical wall 26 and the bottom plate 37 are the walls of the semi-circular arched tunnel. The distance between the outer end faces 32 of the milling cutters on both sides is equal to the width of the semi-circular arched tunnel, which is also the distance between the vertical walls 26 on both sides. The vertical wall 26 is perpendicular to the bottom plate 37. The milling cutter 6 has a rotating axis extending laterally, and the milling cutter 6 excavates the tunnel when rotating around this axis. The length and diameter of the milling cutters on both sides are the same, resulting in more uniform force distribution and improving the overall structural stability of the tunnel forming device 4. The cylindrical shape of the side cutter face and the laterally extending rotating axis of the milling cutter together determine that the bottom surface 37 is horizontal. Otherwise, the milling cutter 6 would process an inclined bottom surface 37, resulting in additional leveling work. Therefore, the design of this invention simplifies the process and saves costs. Since the outer end face 32 is perpendicular to the side cutter face 7, and the plane containing the outer end face 32 is parallel to the direction of the milling cutter's forward movement, the milling cutter 6 experiences the smallest lateral force when digging forward, which reduces the vibration of the milling cutter and improves the flatness of the vertical wall 26 and the bottom plate 37.

[0027] As an alternative embodiment, the milling cutter 6 can be either a horizontally extending integral milling cutter or distributed on both sides of the sidewall trolley 9. The milling cutters on both sides have the same height and diameter but are arranged in opposite directions. The advantage of placing the milling cutters on both sides is that it occupies less space, improving the power-to-volume ratio of the tunnel excavation device 1. Furthermore, the rock hardness of the newly excavated sections on both sides of the tunnel differs, requiring different cutting torques. By providing separate drive devices for the milling cutters on both sides, the torque requirements can be met, thus ensuring that the excavation speed of the milling cutters on both sides remains consistent.

[0028] As an alternative embodiment, the milling cutter 6 may include cutting edges 11 arranged circumferentially on the side face 7. Specifically, the cutting edges 11 may be arranged more densely near the outer ends of the side face than near the middle. "Outer ends" refers to the two ends in the lateral direction. Because the rock thickness is greater near the outer ends of the side face 7, requiring greater cutting force and causing greater wear on the cutting edges, a denser arrangement of cutting edges allows for more uniform force and wear rate on the cutting edges at different axial positions on the side face, resulting in more balanced cutting efficiency at different parts of the milling cutter. The cutting edges 11 on the side face 7 of the milling cutter improve digging efficiency. Furthermore, a denser arrangement of cutting edges at the ends of the side face 7 allows for the production of a smoother vertical wall 26.

[0029] As an optional embodiment, a collection bucket 14 can be respectively provided on both sides of the tunnel forming device 4. The collection bucket 14 is used to collect the crushed stone excavated by the milling cutter 6, and the collection bucket 14 extends along the height direction of the tunnel forming device. This height direction is perpendicular to the width direction of the tunnel forming device, that is, perpendicular to the horizontal direction. Therefore, the collection bucket is perpendicular to the semi-circular arched tunnel 29 (see...). Figure 1 The bottom plate 37 of the tunnel forming device. Furthermore, the receiving bucket 14 can be laterally extended to both sides of the tunnel forming device. When the receiving bucket is extended to its maximum distance, its outermost side protrudes beyond the outer end face of the milling cutter in the lateral direction. This means that when the receiving bucket is opened to its maximum lateral position, the maximum distance between its two lateral ends is greater than the distance between its two outer end faces, which is greater than the distance between the vertical walls 26 of the semi-circular arched tunnel 29. Therefore, the receiving bucket 14 can be laterally opened until its outermost end abuts against the vertical wall 26, thereby collecting the crushed stone as fully as possible. In addition, the bottom of the receiving bucket can be 1 to 3 centimeters higher than the lowest horizontal tangent of the side face of the milling cutter. This is because the side face 7 of the milling cutter is machined to form the bottom plate 37. Therefore, the horizontal tangent and the plane of the bottom plate 37 almost coincide. In fact, the bottom plate 37 cannot be completely flat. The receiving bucket is higher than the horizontal tangent to avoid collision with the protrusion of the bottom plate 37. Setting the height to 1 to 3 centimeters may miss some small-diameter gravel, but most of the larger-diameter gravel can be collected by the receiving bucket 14.

[0030] Optionally, support components 8 can be respectively installed on both sides of the tunnel forming device 4. The support components 8 are used to reinforce the semi-circular arched tunnel 29. Specifically, the support components 8 may include: a drilling rig 20, a swing device 22, and a lifting device 21. The drilling rig 20, through the coordinated operation of the swing device 22 and the lifting device 21, can vertically drill anchor bolts at different positions on the sidewall of the semi-circular arched tunnel 29. The drilling positions include the vertical wall 26 and its connection with the arched top arch 10 (see...). Figure 1 The junction of the main cutter head and the arched top is formed by the main cutter head excavation. It is a common part of the circular tunnel and the semi-circular arched tunnel. The arched top can be lined and reinforced after the main cutter head excavation. However, since the milling cutter 6 may cause damage to the junction between the vertical wall 26 and the arched top 10 when excavating the vertical wall 26, reinforcement is required.

[0031] The drilling rig 20 reinforces the semi-circular arched tunnel 29 by vertically drilling anchor bolts into its sidewall. The drilling rig 20 is mounted on a swing device 22, which drives the drilling rig 20 to swing, thereby adjusting the angle at which the drilling rig penetrates the anchor bolts, allowing the drilling rig to reinforce the arc-shaped tunnel sidewall. The swing device 22 drives the drilling rig 20 to swing in a direction parallel to the transverse cross-section of the semi-circular arched tunnel 29, further maintaining a vertical drilling angle. The swing device 22 is mounted on a lifting device 21, which drives the swing device 22 and the drilling rig 20 to move up and down. During lifting and lowering, the drilling rig 20 moves horizontally. The swing device 22 can be used to first level the drilling rig and anchor bolts, and then the lifting device 21 can be used to raise and lower the drilling rig position, thereby drilling anchor bolts into different heights of the vertical wall 26 to achieve reinforcement. The design of the drilling rig 20, the swing device 22 and the lifting device 21 has the advantages of flexible movement and convenient control, which makes it easy for operators to flexibly reinforce the sidewalls of the roadway according to the actual site conditions.

[0032] As an optional embodiment, the tunnel forming device 4 may include a side-maintenance trolley 9 and a material collection and support trolley 17. The front of the side-maintenance trolley 9 is connected to the towing cylinder 24, and the connection can be articulated. The front of the material collection and support trolley 17 can be rigidly connected to or articulated to the rear of the side-maintenance trolley 9. The side-maintenance trolley 9 is used to install the milling cutter 6 and the balance support shoe 23, and the material collection and support trolley 17 is used to install the material collection bucket 14 and the support assembly 8. Since the material collection and support trolley can be articulated to the side-maintenance trolley, the two can rotate at a certain angle, thus making the tunnel forming device suitable for tunnels with a certain curvature. The side-maintenance trolley 9 and the material collection and support trolley 17 have good rigidity, which can provide solid support for the milling cutter, the balance support shoe, the material collection bucket 14 and the support assembly 8, improving the structural stability of the equipment. An operator's workstation can be set on the material collection and support trolley 17 to control the operation of various components and devices of this semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine. The purpose of the side-repair trolley 9 and the material collection and support trolley 17 is clearly defined: the side-repair trolley is used to install the milling cutter and balance shoe for excavating the tunnel, while the material collection and support trolley 17 is used to install the material collection bucket 14 for collecting gravel and the support components for reinforcing the tunnel wall. The material collection and support trolley 17 is located behind the side-repair trolley, which facilitates the orderly conduct of excavation operations and makes the excavation process easier to control. Equipment with similar functions are located close to each other, making management and maintenance easier. The side-repair trolley 9 can be equipped with a drive mechanism for driving the milling cutter to move back and forth. Optional implementations include: providing sluices on both sides of the side-repair trolley, with the milling cutter and its rotation drive device slidably connected to the sluices, which extend along the axial direction of the side-repair trolley; and using a hydraulic cylinder to connect the milling cutter and the side-repair trolley, driving the milling cutter to move back and forth relative to the side-repair trolley through the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0033] As an alternative implementation, the drilling rigs 20 of the support assembly 8 are symmetrically arranged laterally on both sides of the receiving support trolley 17. Through the coordinated action of the lifting devices 21 and swing devices 22 of the support assembly 8 on both sides, the drilling rigs 20 on both sides can move synchronously and drill anchor bolts symmetrically into the sidewalls of the semi-circular arched tunnel 29 laterally. This serves to cancel out the lateral forces on the receiving support trolley 17, preventing the receiving support trolley from deflecting around its axial direction and ensuring the stability of the receiving support trolley 17 during operation.

[0034] The collecting bucket can collect the crushed stone produced by the milling cutter into the arched bottom arch 12 (see...). Figure 1 In this design, the arc-shaped bottom arch 12 is located at the bottom of the circular tunnel, and its top is flush with the bottom plate 37 of the semi-circular arched tunnel 29. The arc-shaped bottom arch can be filled in by subsequent lining processes, and this invention also provides an alternative embodiment. A compaction roller 19, rotatably connected to the rear of the receiving support trolley 17, can be installed, with its rotation axis extending laterally. The width of the compaction roller can be less than the distance between the inner ends of the milling cutters 6 on both sides, and the bottom of the compaction roller can be 3 to 5 centimeters below the horizontal tangent of the lowest position of the milling cutters, allowing it to penetrate the arc-shaped bottom arch from the top and fully compact the collected gravel. After compaction, the top of the gravel is nearly flush with the bottom plate 37. By utilizing the milling cutters to excavate the gravel, both the transportation and processing costs of the gravel are saved, as are the lining costs of the arc-shaped bottom arch, achieving a more thorough one-time processing and forming of the semi-circular arched tunnel 29.

[0035] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic perspective view of the receiving bucket in the embodiment.

[0036] Optionally, the receiving bucket 14 has a bucket support 34, which is fixedly connected to the side of the receiving support trolley 17. The bucket support 34 has a guide surface 38 extending forward and inclined outward towards the receiving support trolley 17. The guide surface 38 is located on the inner side of the bucket support 34 and faces the receiving support trolley 17. The guide surface 38 is used to guide the crushed stone excavated by the milling cutter 6 from both sides of the receiving support trolley 17 to the middle of the receiving support trolley 17. The guide surfaces of the bucket supports on both sides of the receiving support trolley form a flared opening that expands laterally towards the front of the receiving support trolley, thereby ensuring the efficiency of crushed stone collection. Furthermore, the guide surface 38 can extend along the height direction of the receiving support trolley, thereby perpendicular to the bottom plate 37 below the receiving bucket 14 (see...). Figure 1 This design allows the crushed stone to roll more smoothly along the guide surface 38, improving collection efficiency. In addition, the bucket support 34 is a fixed component with high structural reliability, which can effectively avoid the problem of moving parts being jammed by crushed stone.

[0037] As an alternative implementation, the receiving bucket 14 may include a swing cylinder 16 and a guide plate 15. The guide plate 15 is hinged to the bucket support 34 via hinges extending along the height direction of the receiving support trolley. The two ends of the swing cylinder 16 are respectively hinged to the guide plate 15 and the bucket support 34, and are used to drive the guide plate 15 to swing inward and outward. With the swingable guide plate 15, the crushed stone can be continuously pushed towards the inside of the receiving support trolley 17, which improves the collection efficiency compared to a fixed bucket support.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the usage method of the semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine of the present invention.

[0039] This invention also discloses a method for using the semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine of this invention, comprising the following steps: Step one: Control the drag cylinder 24 so that its extension speed is the same as the forward excavation speed of the main cutter head 1, and control the balance support shoe 23 to extend laterally until it abuts against the side wall of the circular tunnel 28. This step stops the tunnel forming device from advancing by extending the drag cylinder, and then fixes the tunnel forming device against the side wall of the tunnel by the balance support shoe.

[0040] Step two: Control the milling cutter 6 to move forward relative to the tunnel forming device 4, while simultaneously driving the milling cutter 6 to excavate the sidewall of the circular tunnel 28. In this step, the fixed tunnel forming device provides stable support for the milling cutter, resulting in a higher flatness of the vertical walls and bottom plate processed by the milling cutter.

[0041] Step three: Control the shortening of the balance support shoe 23, control the shortening of the drag cylinder 24, and control the milling cutter 6 to move backward relative to the roadway forming device 4 back to its original position. The original position refers to the position before the milling cutter moved forward. The shortening of the balance support shoe 23 and drag cylinder 24, and the backward movement of the milling cutter 6 can be performed simultaneously to save time. Furthermore, the shortening of the drag cylinder 24 will cause the entire roadway forming device to move forward a certain distance, which should be less than the forward distance of the milling cutter in step two, so that the milling cutter will not collide with the unexcavated roadway.

[0042] Step four: Repeat this method to continue excavating the tunnel ahead.

[0043] This method achieves synchronous excavation of the milling cutter and the main cutter head of the tunneling machine by controlling the orderly start and stop of the drag cylinder, milling cutter, and balance support shoe. It eliminates the need to stop the main cutter head and can form a semi-circular arched tunnel in one pass, thus improving excavation efficiency.

[0044] The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the contents of the above specification. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the above embodiments without departing from the technical concept of this invention, and all such modifications and variations should fall within the scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine, characterized in that, The semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine includes: The main cutter head is used to excavate a circular tunnel in front of the semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine. The main cutter head is connected to the front end of the main frame of the semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine. The main frame is used to push the main cutter head forward for tunneling. A tunnel forming device is disposed behind the main frame. The device includes a milling cutter for excavating a circular tunnel into a semi-circular arched tunnel and a laterally extendable and retractable balance shoe. When the balance shoe is extended to its maximum length, its lateral length is greater than the diameter of the main cutter head. Therefore, the balance shoe can extend to abut against the sidewall of the circular tunnel to fix the tunnel forming device. The milling cutter can move forward and backward relative to the tunnel forming device to excavate the sidewall of the circular tunnel. The bottom of the balance shoe is higher than the top of the milling cutter. A towing cylinder is connected between the main frame and the tunnel forming device. The towing cylinder can extend synchronously at the same speed as the main cutter head's forward excavation, thereby stopping the tunnel forming device from moving forward. The towing cylinder can maintain its length, thereby pulling the tunnel forming device forward synchronously with the main frame. The towing cylinder can also shorten, thereby pulling the tunnel forming device forward to move closer to the main frame.

2. The semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cylindrical milling cutter is disposed on both sides of the tunnel forming device and extends laterally along the tunnel forming device. The outer peripheral surface of the milling cutter is a side cutter surface, and the outer end of the side cutter surface is the outer end face of the milling cutter. The side cutter surface is used to excavate parallel vertical walls and a horizontal bottom plate on the side wall of the circular tunnel. The vertical walls are perpendicular to the bottom plate.

3. The semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The side blade is provided with cutting blades arranged axially, and the cutting blades are more densely arranged near the outer end of the side blade than near the middle of the side blade.

4. The semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The tunnel forming device is provided with a collection bucket on each side. The collection bucket is used to collect the gravel produced by the milling cutter. The collection bucket extends along the height of the tunnel forming device and can be extended laterally to both sides of the tunnel forming device. When the collection bucket is extended to its maximum distance, the outermost part of the collection bucket protrudes from the outer end face in the lateral direction. The bottom of the collection bucket is 1 to 3 centimeters higher than the horizontal tangent of the lowest point of the side cutter face of the milling cutter.

5. The semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Support components are respectively installed on both sides of the roadway forming device. The support components include: a drilling rig, a swing device, and a lifting device. The drilling rig reinforces the semi-circular arched tunnel by vertically drilling anchor bolts into the sidewalls of the tunnel; the drilling rig is mounted on the swing device. The swing device is used to drive the drilling rig to swing, and the direction of the swing of the drilling rig is parallel to the transverse cross section of the semi-circular arched tunnel. The swing device is installed on the lifting device. The lifting device is used to drive the swing device and the drilling rig to lift.

6. The semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The roadway forming device includes a side-repair trolley and a material collection and support trolley. The front of the side-repair trolley is connected to the towing cylinder, and the front of the material collection and support trolley is rigidly connected or hinged to the rear of the side-repair trolley. The side-repair trolley is used to install the milling cutter and the balance support shoe, and the material collection and support trolley is used to install the material collection bucket and the support assembly.

7. The semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The drilling rigs of the support components are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the material receiving support trolley in the transverse direction.

8. The semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The receiving bucket has a bucket support, which is fixedly connected to the side of the receiving support trolley. The bucket support has a guide surface that extends forward of the receiving support trolley and is inclined outward. The guide surface is used to guide the crushed stone generated by the milling cutter from both sides of the receiving support trolley to the middle of the receiving support trolley.

9. The semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The main frame includes a main hydraulic cylinder and a main support shoe capable of laterally extending and retracting. The main support shoe is used to abut against the side wall of the circular tunnel when extended, thereby fixing the main support shoe. The main hydraulic cylinder is connected between the main support shoe and the main frame. The main hydraulic cylinder can extend when the main support shoe abuts against the side wall of the circular tunnel, thereby advancing the main frame and the main cutter head forward of the semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine.

10. A method of using a semi-circular arch tunnel boring machine as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The steps of the method of use include: Control the drag cylinder so that its extension speed is the same as the forward excavation speed of the main cutter head, and control the balance support shoe to extend laterally until it abuts against the side wall of the circular tunnel. The milling cutter is controlled to move forward relative to the tunnel forming device, while the milling cutter is driven to excavate the side wall of the circular tunnel. Control the shortening of the balance support shoe, control the shortening of the drag cylinder, and control the milling cutter to move backward to its original position relative to the roadway forming device; Repeat this usage method.

Images