Linear sliding variable displacement oil pump
By using the sliding ring and pilot valve control components of the linear sliding variable displacement oil pump, the problems of variable displacement accuracy and oil pressure fluctuation are solved, achieving stable oil pressure output and improved energy-saving effect, which is suitable for automobile engines.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-27
AI Technical Summary
Existing variable displacement oil pumps suffer from problems such as low variable displacement accuracy, large oil pressure fluctuations, and insufficient energy-saving effects. In particular, the oil pressure is too high at high speeds, which increases the load on engine components and makes it difficult to meet the higher requirements of new energy vehicles.
The linear sliding variable displacement oil pump is adopted, which adjusts the displacement by sliding the sliding ring in a linear manner along the eccentric direction. Combined with a three-stage or two-stage pilot valve to control the oil pressure, it ensures stable oil pressure output and reduces production costs and processing complexity.
It improves variable accuracy, reduces oil pressure fluctuations, enhances energy efficiency, ensures that the engine oil pressure is within the set range under all operating conditions, reduces energy waste, and lowers production costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN121738902A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of automotive engine technology, and specifically to a linear sliding variable displacement oil pump. Background Technology
[0002] With the continuous advancement of automotive engine technology, the requirements for engine oil pressure stability and energy efficiency are increasing. Variable displacement oil pumps, which can adjust the oil delivery volume according to engine operating conditions to achieve energy saving and emission reduction, have been widely used in automotive engines.
[0003] The variable displacement principle of existing oil pumps is as follows: A swing ring deflects around a sliding pin inside the oil pump, changing the eccentricity between the swing ring and the inner rotor, thereby adjusting the displacement. Specifically, when the engine is running, the feedback oil pressure from the main oil circuit acts on the swing ring. As the engine speed increases, the feedback oil pressure rises accordingly. Once the set pressure is reached, it pushes the swing ring to overcome the resistance of the adjusting spring, reducing the eccentricity between the swing ring and the inner rotor, thus reducing displacement, decreasing power consumption, and achieving energy saving and emission reduction.
[0004] However, existing variable displacement oil pumps have the following drawbacks: First, the side of the swing ring has an irregular arc structure, which leads to a deviation between theoretical calculations and actual applications, affecting the accuracy of the variable displacement; second, the oil pressure tends to rise continuously after the variable displacement, especially at high speeds, where the oil pressure is too high, increasing the load on various engine components; third, the energy-saving effect is difficult to meet the higher requirements of new energy vehicles. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a linear sliding variable displacement oil pump that, by optimizing the variable mechanism and adding an oil pressure control device, achieves stable oil pressure output, improves energy-saving performance, and ensures stable and efficient engine operation.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a linear sliding variable displacement oil pump, comprising a housing and a pump cover, wherein a receiving cavity is formed between the housing and the pump cover, characterized in that it further comprises:
[0007] A drive shaft, which is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the receiving cavity;
[0008] An inner rotor is fixedly mounted on the drive shaft, and the inner rotor has multiple blade mounting slots.
[0009] Multiple blades are respectively installed in multiple blade mounting slots, and the blades slide in contact with the blade mounting slots;
[0010] A sliding ring is sleeved on the outside of the inner rotor. The sliding ring slides in a sliding fit with the inner wall of the receiving cavity. The sliding ring slides linearly along the eccentricity direction of the inner rotor, changing the magnitude of the eccentricity with the inner rotor.
[0011] An expansion cavity, which is formed by the sliding ring and the inner wall of the receiving cavity;
[0012] An adjusting spring is provided inside the discharge chamber, with its first end abutting against the inner wall of the discharge chamber and its second end abutting against the sliding ring.
[0013] The emission reduction cavity is formed by the sliding ring and the inner wall of the receiving cavity, and the emission reduction cavity and the emission increase cavity are respectively located on both sides of the sliding ring;
[0014] A control component is provided for adjusting the oil pressure in the discharge chamber and the discharge reduction chamber, and driving the sliding ring to slide linearly to change the eccentricity between the sliding ring and the inner rotor.
[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a retaining ring, which is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the receiving cavity, and the retaining ring is used to support the blade and limit the extension and retraction stroke of the blade.
[0016] Furthermore, one or more sliding sealing components are provided between the sliding ring and the inner wall of the receiving cavity, and the sliding sealing components are used to seal the discharge increase cavity and the discharge decrease cavity.
[0017] Furthermore, the sliding seal assembly includes a sliding seal support and a sliding seal, which are connected by compression contact.
[0018] Furthermore, the control component is a three-stage pilot valve, and the two working ports of the three-stage pilot valve are respectively connected to the exhaust chamber and the engine main oil passage.
[0019] Furthermore, the control component is a two-stage pilot valve, and the working port of the two-stage pilot valve is connected to the emission reduction chamber and the engine main oil passage.
[0020] Furthermore, the inner wall of the sliding ring is an arc surface adapted to the inner rotor, and the outer wall of the sliding ring is a sliding surface adapted to the inner wall of the receiving cavity. The sliding surface is a plane or a regular arc surface.
[0021] Furthermore, the adjusting spring is a compression spring, which, in its natural state, pushes the sliding ring to the position of maximum eccentricity between it and the inner rotor.
[0022] Furthermore, the inner rotor is connected to the engine crankshaft for torque transmission.
[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are:
[0024] 1. The present invention provides a linear sliding variable displacement oil pump, wherein the sliding ring adjusts the displacement by linear sliding along the eccentricity direction, avoiding oil pressure fluctuations caused by changes in sealing width during the swing ring swaying process; at the same time, the inner and outer walls of the sliding ring are both regular structures, with small deviation between theoretical design and actual application, higher variable accuracy, and ensuring that the oil pressure is always within the set range under all engine operating conditions.
[0025] 2. The present invention provides a linear sliding variable displacement oil pump in which the sliding ring adjusts the displacement by linear sliding along the eccentricity direction. Compared with the swing ring oscillation mechanism, it does not require the design of complex sliding pins and oscillation limiting structures. The processing technology of parts such as the sliding ring and the inner wall of the receiving cavity is simpler. During assembly, only the linear sliding accuracy of the sliding ring needs to be ensured, which reduces the production and manufacturing cost. Attached Figure Description
[0026] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;
[0027] Figure 2 This is a front view structural diagram of the present invention;
[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure after removing the shell.
[0029] Reference numerals: 10-Housing shell, 11-Receiving cavity, 12-Drive shaft, 20-Inner rotor, 30-Blade, 31-Retaining ring, 40-Sliding ring, 50-Increasing discharge cavity, 60-Adjusting spring, 70-Decreasing discharge cavity, 81-Sliding seal support, 82-Sliding seal. Detailed Implementation
[0030] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
[0031] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connection" and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.
[0032] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "horizontal", "level", "top", "bottom", "upper", "lower", "inner" and "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.
[0033] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.
[0034] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a linear sliding variable displacement oil pump:
[0035] Example 1: A linear sliding variable displacement oil pump with a three-stage pilot valve as the control component.
[0036] In this embodiment, the linear sliding variable displacement oil pump is mounted on a housing 10 and a pump cover as the base carrier. After the two are fixedly connected, they enclose a closed receiving cavity 11, and all functional components are integrated into the receiving cavity 11.
[0037] Specifically, the drive shaft 12 is axially arranged along the receiving cavity 11, and its two ends are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the receiving cavity 11 through a rotating fit structure, ensuring that the drive shaft 12 can stably transmit torque. The inner rotor 20 is coaxially fixedly mounted on the drive shaft 12 and rotates synchronously with the drive shaft 12. The inner rotor 20 can also be directly connected to the engine crankshaft for torque transmission. Multiple blades 30 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the inner rotor 20 and installed in the blade mounting slots. The blades 30 can perform radial extension and retraction movement along the blade mounting slots. The retaining ring 31 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the receiving cavity 11, sleeved on the outer side of the blades 30, and forms a sliding fit with the outer end of the blades 30 to limit the extension and retraction stroke of the blades 30.
[0038] Specifically, the sliding ring 40 is sleeved on the outer side of the inner rotor 20, and its inner wall is an arc surface adapted to fit the outer wall of the inner rotor 20, with the two maintaining a close fit. The outer wall of the sliding ring 40 is a sliding surface (planar or regular arc surface) adapted to fit the inner wall of the receiving cavity 11, forming a sliding fit with the inner wall of the receiving cavity 11, and the sliding ring 40 can only slide linearly along the eccentricity direction of the inner rotor 20. The sliding ring 40 divides the receiving cavity 11 into an increasing discharge cavity 50 and a decreasing discharge cavity 70, which are located on both sides of the sliding ring 40, and are both formed by the end face of the sliding ring 40 and the inner wall of the receiving cavity 11.
[0039] Specifically, the adjusting spring 60 is disposed within the increasing discharge chamber 50, with its first end abutting against the inner wall of the increasing discharge chamber 50 and its second end abutting against the corresponding end face of the sliding ring 40. The adjusting spring 60 is a compression spring 60, which can apply a thrust to the sliding ring 40 in its natural state. One or more sliding sealing assemblies are disposed between the sliding ring 40 and the inner wall of the receiving cavity 11, corresponding to the positions of the increasing discharge chamber 50 and the decreasing discharge chamber 70, respectively. Each sliding sealing assembly consists of a sliding sealing support 81 and a sliding seal 82, which are in contact with each other to achieve independent sealing of the increasing discharge chamber 50 and the decreasing discharge chamber 70, preventing mutual interference of the oil pressure in the two chambers.
[0040] The control component is a three-stage pilot valve. Its oil inlet is connected to the engine's main oil passage, and its oil return port is connected to the oil tank. The two working oil ports are connected to the exhaust chamber 50 and the engine's main oil passage through oil circuits, respectively, to regulate the oil pressure of the exhaust chamber 50 and provide feedback on the oil pressure of the main oil passage.
[0041] 1. Under low-speed conditions, after the engine starts, the drive shaft 12 rotates under external power, which in turn drives the inner rotor 20 to rotate synchronously. The blades 30 extend radially along the blade mounting groove under centrifugal force, and their outer ends, together with the inner wall of the sliding ring 40 and the inner wall of the retaining ring 31, form a closed oil chamber. As the inner rotor 20 continues to rotate, the volume of the closed oil chamber changes periodically, completing the intake and discharge of engine oil, thus realizing the oil pumping function.
[0042] At this time, the feedback oil pressure in the main oil passage of the engine is low, and the three-stage pilot valve is in its initial state, without actively adjusting the oil pressure in the booster chamber 50. The booster chamber 50 remains connected to the main oil passage, and its oil pressure is consistent with that of the main oil passage. Because the elastic force of the adjusting spring 60 is greater than the oil pressure force of the depressurization chamber 70, the sliding ring 40 is at its maximum eccentricity position with the inner rotor 20 under the push of the adjusting spring 60. The oil pump outputs its maximum displacement, providing sufficient lubricating oil to all moving parts of the engine.
[0043] 2. Under high-speed operating conditions, as the engine speed increases, the oil pressure in the main oil passage rises synchronously. Upon detecting this oil pressure signal, the three-stage pilot valve initiates a regulating action. On one hand, by adjusting its own valve opening, it reduces the connection between the exhaust chamber 50 and the main oil passage, thereby lowering the oil pressure within the exhaust chamber 50. On the other hand, the exhaust chamber 70 remains continuously connected to the main oil passage, and its oil pressure rises synchronously with the main oil passage pressure.
[0044] At this point, a significant oil pressure difference is formed on both sides of the sliding ring 40 (the oil pressure on the side of the reducing discharge chamber 70 is greater than the sum of the oil pressure on the side of the increasing discharge chamber 50 and the elastic force of the adjusting spring 60). Driven by this oil pressure difference, the sliding ring 40 slides linearly in the direction of decreasing eccentricity along the eccentricity of the inner rotor 20. When the oil pressure difference and the elastic force of the adjusting spring 60 reach equilibrium, the sliding ring 40 stops moving, and the displacement of the oil pump is reduced accordingly, avoiding energy waste caused by excessive oil pumping during high-speed operation.
[0045] 3. Under dynamic adjustment conditions, when engine speed fluctuates, the oil pressure in the main oil passage also changes. The three-stage pilot valve monitors the changes in the main oil passage oil pressure in real time and dynamically adjusts its own working state: if the oil pressure is higher than the set value, the connection between the expansion chamber 50 and the main oil passage is further reduced, lowering the oil pressure in the expansion chamber 50, and pushing the sliding ring 40 to continue to reduce the eccentricity, thereby reducing the displacement and suppressing the rise in oil pressure; if the oil pressure is lower than the set value, the connection between the expansion chamber 50 and the main oil passage is increased, raising the oil pressure in the expansion chamber 50. Under the combined action of the adjusting spring 60 and the oil pressure difference, the sliding ring 40 moves in the direction of increasing the eccentricity, increasing the displacement to compensate for the oil pressure. Through this dynamic adjustment process, the output oil pressure of the oil pump is ensured to remain stable at all times.
[0046] Example 2: A linear sliding variable displacement oil pump with a two-stage pilot valve as the control component.
[0047] The overall structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 1. The core difference lies only in the type of control components and the oil circuit connection relationship. The positional relationship and connection method of the other components are the same as those of embodiment 1.
[0048] The control component is a two-stage pilot valve. Its return port is connected to the oil tank, and its only working port is connected to the exhaust chamber 70 and the engine main oil passage through the oil circuit. The exhaust chamber 50 is directly connected to the oil tank and is always kept at normal pressure.
[0049] 1. Under low-speed conditions, the operation is consistent with that in Example 1. The drive shaft 12 drives the inner rotor 20 and blades 30 to complete the oil pumping action. At this time, the feedback oil pressure in the main oil passage of the engine is low, the two-stage pilot valve is closed, and the oil pressure in the exhaust chamber 70 is consistent with the oil pressure in the main oil passage. Since the elastic force of the adjusting spring 60 is greater than the oil pressure force in the exhaust chamber 70, the sliding ring 40 is at the maximum eccentricity position under the push of the adjusting spring 60, and the oil pump outputs the maximum displacement to meet the lubrication requirements of the engine at low speed.
[0050] 2. Under high-speed operating conditions, as the engine speed increases, the oil pressure in the main oil passage rises synchronously. When the oil pressure reaches the set threshold, the valve core of the two-stage pilot valve opens under the action of oil pressure, and the working oil port is fully opened. The oil pressure in the exhaust chamber 70 rises synchronously with the oil pressure in the main oil passage. When the oil pressure force in the exhaust chamber 70 is greater than the elastic force of the adjusting spring 60, it pushes the sliding ring 40 to slide linearly in the direction of reducing the eccentricity along the eccentricity direction of the inner rotor 20 until the oil pressure force and the elastic force of the adjusting spring 60 reach equilibrium. This reduces the oil pump displacement, achieving energy saving and consumption reduction at high speeds.
[0051] 3. Under dynamic adjustment conditions, when engine speed fluctuations cause changes in the main oil passage pressure, the two-stage pilot valve achieves dynamic pressure control by adaptively adjusting the valve core opening: if the oil pressure increases, the valve core opening increases, the oil pressure in the exhaust chamber 70 further increases, pushing the sliding ring 40 to reduce the eccentricity; if the oil pressure decreases, the valve core opening decreases, the oil pressure in the exhaust chamber 70 decreases, and the adjusting spring 60 pushes the sliding ring 40 to increase the eccentricity. Through this adjustment mechanism, the oil pump output pressure is kept stable, ensuring the normal operation of all engine components.
[0052] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or basic characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.
[0053] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims
1. A linear sliding variable displacement oil pump, comprising a housing and a pump cover, wherein a receiving cavity is formed between the housing and the pump cover, characterized in that: Also includes: A drive shaft, which is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the receiving cavity; An inner rotor is fixedly mounted on the drive shaft, and the inner rotor has multiple blade mounting slots. Multiple blades are respectively installed in multiple blade mounting slots, and the blades slide in contact with the blade mounting slots; A sliding ring is sleeved on the outside of the inner rotor. The sliding ring slides in a sliding fit with the inner wall of the receiving cavity. The sliding ring slides linearly along the eccentricity direction of the inner rotor, changing the magnitude of the eccentricity with the inner rotor. An expansion cavity, which is formed by the sliding ring and the inner wall of the receiving cavity; An adjusting spring is provided inside the discharge chamber, with its first end abutting against the inner wall of the discharge chamber and its second end abutting against the sliding ring. The emission reduction cavity is formed by the sliding ring and the inner wall of the receiving cavity, and the emission reduction cavity and the emission increase cavity are respectively located on both sides of the sliding ring; A control component is provided for adjusting the oil pressure in the discharge chamber and the discharge reduction chamber, and driving the sliding ring to slide linearly to change the eccentricity between the sliding ring and the inner rotor.
2. The linear sliding variable displacement oil pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a retaining ring, which is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the receiving cavity. The retaining ring is used to support the blade and limit the extension and retraction stroke of the blade.
3. The linear sliding variable displacement oil pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: One or more sliding sealing components are provided between the sliding ring and the inner wall of the receiving cavity, and the sliding sealing components are used to seal the discharge increase cavity and the discharge decrease cavity.
4. A linear sliding variable displacement oil pump according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sliding seal assembly includes a sliding seal support and a sliding seal, which are connected by compression contact.
5. A linear sliding variable displacement oil pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control component is a three-stage pilot valve, and the two working ports of the three-stage pilot valve are respectively connected to the exhaust chamber and the engine main oil passage.
6. A linear sliding variable displacement oil pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control component is a two-stage pilot valve, and the working port of the two-stage pilot valve is connected to the emission reduction chamber and the engine main oil passage.
7. A linear sliding variable displacement oil pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the sliding ring is an arc surface adapted to the inner rotor, and the outer wall of the sliding ring is a sliding surface adapted to the inner wall of the receiving cavity. The sliding surface is a plane or a regular arc surface.
8. A linear sliding variable displacement oil pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting spring is a compression spring, which, under its natural state, pushes the sliding ring to the position of maximum eccentricity between it and the inner rotor.
9. A linear sliding variable displacement oil pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner rotor is connected to the engine crankshaft to transmit torque.