Bottom blowing and side blowing composite smelting device and smelting method

Abstract

The invention provides a bottom blowing and side blowing composite smelting device and a smelting method. The bottom blowing and side blowing composite smelting device comprises a furnace body, the furnace body is provided with a material inlet, a smoke outlet, a copper discharging opening, a slag discharging opening, multiple bottom blowing openings and side blowing openings, the length direction of the furnace body is the first direction, the multiple bottom blowing openings are formed in the bottom of the furnace body in the first direction, and the side blowing openings are formed in the side of the furnace body; the side blowing opening is formed in the middle of the furnace body in the vertical direction, and exhaust of the side blowing opening faces a smelting slag layer. The bottom blowing spray gun is arranged at the bottom blowing opening, and the bottom blowing spray gun introduces gas into the furnace body through the bottom blowing opening; and the side-blowing spray gun is arranged at the side-blowing opening, and the side-blowing spray gun introduces gas into the furnace body through the side-blowing opening. Therefore, according to the bottom blowing and side blowing composite smelting device, the copper content of the slag can be reduced, the copper recovery rate is increased, and slag discharging is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of non-ferrous metal smelting technology, specifically to a bottom-blowing and side-blowing combined smelting apparatus and smelting method. Background Technology

[0002] Among the related technologies, in the pyrometallurgical copper smelting process, the bottom-blown furnace copper smelting technology injects oxygen or oxygen-enriched air into the copper matte melt through the bottom lance. It has the advantages of strong raw material adaptability and relatively simple equipment structure, and is widely used in the copper smelting industry. However, the following problems still exist: (1) Uneven stirring of the molten pool: The stirring of the molten pool mainly relies on the airflow sprayed by the bottom lance. In the upper area of ​​the molten pool, especially at the interface between the slag layer and the furnace charge, the stirring intensity is obviously insufficient, which leads to a decrease in mass and heat transfer efficiency, incomplete chemical reaction, and some materials may not be able to fully participate in the reaction, affecting production efficiency and product quality. (2) Low temperature leads to poor copper settling effect: When the smelting temperature is too low, the solubility of copper in the slag is high, and the slag has poor fluidity, making it difficult for copper particles to settle and separate; and the slag end temperature is too low, and the newly added raw material floats on the low-temperature slag surface, which easily forms interlayers, causing copper to be released with the slag. (3) High copper content in slag: The amount of Fe3O4 generated during the smelting process increases, the viscosity of the slag will increase, which will hinder the sedimentation and separation of copper particles, increase the copper content in the slag, and reduce the direct recovery rate of metallic copper. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. To this end, embodiments of the present invention provide a bottom-blowing and side-blowing combined melting apparatus and melting method.

[0004] The bottom-blown and side-blown combined smelting apparatus of this invention includes: The furnace body has a material inlet, a flue gas outlet, a copper discharge port, a slag discharge port, a bottom blowing port, and a side blowing port. Material is introduced into the furnace body through the material inlet and smelted to form a copper matte layer and a smelting slag layer above the copper matte layer. Copper from the copper matte layer can be discharged from the furnace body through the copper discharge port, and slag from the smelting slag layer can be discharged from the furnace body through the slag discharge port. The length direction of the furnace body is a first direction. There are multiple bottom blowing ports, which are arranged along the first direction at the bottom of the furnace body. The side blowing ports are arranged on the sides of the furnace body and are located in the middle of the furnace body in the vertical direction. The exhaust gas from the side blowing ports is directed towards the smelting slag layer. A bottom-blowing nozzle is provided at the bottom-blowing port, and gas is introduced into the furnace body through the bottom-blowing port; A side-blowing spray gun is provided at the side-blowing port, and gas is introduced into the furnace body through the side-blowing port.

[0005] Therefore, the bottom-blown and side-blown combined smelting apparatus according to the embodiments of the present invention can reduce the copper content of the slag, improve the copper recovery rate, and facilitate slag discharge.

[0006] In some embodiments, each of the side-blowing spray guns includes a first air inlet pipe and a second air inlet pipe, the first air inlet pipe being used to introduce oxygen-enriched air and the second air inlet pipe being used to introduce fuel gas, the outlet of the first air inlet pipe and the outlet of the second air inlet pipe being in communication with the nozzle of the side-blowing spray gun.

[0007] In some embodiments, the side blow port is adjacent to the slag discharge port in the first direction.

[0008] In some embodiments, the angle between the exhaust direction of the side-blowing spray gun and the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to -5° and less than or equal to 30°; and / or The distance between the side blow nozzle and the interface between the copper matte layer and the smelting slag layer is less than or equal to 300 mm.

[0009] In some embodiments, the number of side air nozzles is less than or equal to 5, and a plurality of side air nozzles are spaced apart in the first direction; and / or The side-blowing nozzle is located between the upper and lower surfaces of the smelting slag layer in the vertical direction, and the distance between the side-blowing nozzle and the copper matte layer is greater than or equal to 150 mm and less than or equal to 200 mm; and / or The side-blowing spray gun is equipped with a water-cooling jacket.

[0010] The bottom-blown and side-blown composite smelting apparatus of this embodiment further includes a rotating part, the rotating part comprising... A toothed ring, which is sleeved on the outside of the furnace body; A transmission device, wherein the transmission gear of the transmission device meshes with the gear ring and drives the gear ring and the furnace body to rotate; Multiple rolling rings are arranged at intervals around the outside of the furnace body along the first direction. The furnace body is slidably connected to the rolling rings, and each rolling ring is disposed on a corresponding roller seat. In some embodiments, the plurality of rolling rings includes a first rolling ring and a second rolling ring, wherein the first rolling ring is adjacent to a first end of the furnace body in the first direction, and the second rolling ring is adjacent to a second end of the furnace body in the first direction; The slag discharge port is located at the first end of the furnace body, and the copper discharge port is located at the second end of the furnace body; The plurality of bottom air inlets are located between the first rolling ring and the second rolling ring in the first direction; The side air inlet is adjacent to the first end of the furnace body in the first direction; The material inlets are multiple and spaced apart along the first direction; The flue gas outlet is located at the top of the furnace body, and the flue gas outlet is adjacent to the slag discharge port in the first direction, or the flue gas outlet is located in the middle of the furnace body in the first direction.

[0011] In some embodiments, both the first end and the second end of the furnace body are provided with burners, and the outlet of the burner is in communication with the cavity of the furnace body; The first portion of the plurality of side blowing ports is located between the first end of the furnace body and the first rolling ring in the first direction, and the second portion of the plurality of side blowing ports is located between the first rolling ring and the second rolling ring in the first direction. The distance between the second portion of the plurality of side blowing ports and the first rolling ring is greater than or equal to 1 meter and less than or equal to 2 meters.

[0012] The present invention also proposes a smelting method using the above-mentioned bottom-blowing and side-blowing combined smelting device, comprising the following steps: the bottom-blowing lance introduces oxygen-enriched air into the furnace body through the bottom-blowing port so that the material in the furnace body is smelted and a copper matte layer and a smelting slag layer above the copper matte layer are generated; the side-blowing lance introduces a mixture of fuel gas and oxygen-enriched air into the smelting slag layer in the furnace body through the side-blowing port.

[0013] In some embodiments, a mixture of natural gas and oxygen-enriched air or a mixture of natural gas and oxygen is introduced into the slag layer inside the furnace using the side-blowing lance, so that the temperature of the slag in the slag layer is greater than 1220°C; and / or The flow rate of the mixed gas ejected by each of the side-blowing spray guns is greater than or equal to 400 Nm³. 3 / h and less than or equal to 800 Nm 3 / h; and / or The jet pressure of each of the side-blowing spray guns is greater than or equal to 0.2 MPa and less than or equal to 0.4 MPa; and / or The oxygen-fuel ratio of the mixture sprayed by each of the side-blowing spray guns is greater than or equal to 1:1 and less than or equal to 4:1. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a bottom-blowing and side-blowing composite melting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a bottom-blowing and side-blowing combined melting apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a side view of a bottom-blowing and side-blowing combined melting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure label: 1. Furnace body; 11. Material inlet; 12. Flue gas outlet; 13. Copper discharge port; 14. Slag discharge port; 15. Bottom blow port; 16. Side blow port. 2. Side-blowing spray gun; 21. First air inlet pipe; 22. Second air inlet pipe; 23. Nozzle; 31. Gear ring; 32. Transmission device; 33. First rolling ring; 34. Second rolling ring; 35. Drag wheel seat; 4. Burner; 41. First burner; 42. Second burner. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0019] The bottom-blown and side-blown combined melting apparatus of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the bottom-blowing and side-blowing combined smelting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a furnace body 1, a rotating part, a bottom-blowing lance, and a side-blowing lance 2.

[0020] The furnace body 1 has a material inlet 11, a flue gas outlet 12, a copper discharge port 13, a slag discharge port 14, a bottom blowing port 15, and a side blowing port 16. Specifically, the length direction of the furnace body 1 is the first direction, and the two ends of the furnace body 1 in the first direction are the first end and the second end, respectively. The first direction can be a front-rear direction; for example, the first end is the front end of the furnace body 1, and the second end is the rear end of the furnace body 1.

[0021] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the rotating part includes a gear ring 31, a transmission device 32, and multiple rolling rings.

[0022] A gear ring 31 is fitted onto the outer side of the furnace body 1. The transmission gear of the transmission device 32 meshes with the gear ring 31 and drives the gear ring 31 and the furnace body 1 to rotate. Multiple rolling rings are spaced apart along a first direction and arranged around the outer side of the furnace body 1. The furnace body 1 is slidably connected to the rolling rings, and each rolling ring is mounted on a corresponding roller seat 35. Thus, after feeding is completed, the driver of the transmission device 32 drives the transmission gear to rotate, and then drives the gear ring 31 to rotate, thereby facilitating the rotation of the furnace body 1 under the limitation of multiple rolling rings and evenly feeding the material. For example, the rotation axis of the furnace body 1 is the central axis extending along the first direction, and the rotation angle of the furnace body 1 is -60° to 60°.

[0023] In some embodiments, the plurality of rolling rings includes a first rolling ring 33 and a second rolling ring 34. The first rolling ring 33 is adjacent to a first end of the furnace body 1 in a first direction, and the second rolling ring 34 is adjacent to a second end of the furnace body 1 in the first direction. For example, the first rolling ring 33 is adjacent to the front end of the furnace body 1, and the second rolling ring 34 is adjacent to the rear end of the furnace body 1. The front side of the first rolling ring 33 is a slag discharge area, and the rear side of the second rolling ring 34 is a copper discharge area.

[0024] Material is introduced into the furnace body 1 through material inlet 11 and smelted to form a copper matte layer and a smelting slag layer above the copper matte layer. There are multiple material inlets 11, which are spaced apart along the first direction to improve the uniformity of the feed distribution. For example, multiple material inlets 11 are located between the first roller ring 33 and the second roller ring 34.

[0025] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the slag discharge port 14 is located at the first end of the furnace body 1, and the copper discharge port 13 is located at the second end of the furnace body 1. The area within the furnace body 1 adjacent to the slag discharge port 14 in the first direction is the slag discharge area, and the area within the furnace body 1 adjacent to the copper discharge port 13 in the first direction is the copper discharge area. The slag from the smelting slag layer can be discharged from the furnace body 1 through the slag discharge port 14, meaning the slag located in the slag discharge area can be easily discharged from the slag discharge port 14. The copper from the copper matte layer can be discharged from the furnace body 1 through the copper discharge port 13, meaning the molten copper located in the copper discharge area can be easily discharged from the copper discharge port 13. For example, the slag discharge port 14 is located at the front end of the furnace body 1, and the copper discharge port 13 is located at the rear end of the furnace body 1.

[0026] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, burners 4 are provided at both the first and second ends of the furnace body 1, and the outlets of the burners 4 communicate with the cavity of the furnace body 1. Specifically, multiple burners 4 are provided on the furnace body 1, and the burners 4 are located at the upper part of the furnace body 1. The burners 4 can increase the temperature inside the furnace body 1. For example, a first burner 41 is provided at the front end of the furnace body 1, and the outlet of the first burner 41 is inclined downward and backward. A second burner 42 is provided at the rear end of the furnace body 1, and the outlet of the second burner 42 is inclined downward and forward.

[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, there are multiple bottom blowing ports 15, which are arranged along the first direction at the bottom of the furnace body 1. Bottom blowing lances are located at the bottom blowing ports 15, and the lances introduce gas into the furnace body 1 through the ports 15. Specifically, the outlet of the bottom blowing lance faces upwards, and the lances introduce oxygen or oxygen-enriched air into the copper matte layer through the ports 15, providing the oxygen required for the reaction within the copper matte layer to smelt the material and to agitate the copper matte layer. For example, the multiple bottom blowing ports 15 are located in the first direction between the first rolling ring 33 and the second rolling ring 34, so that the oxygen-enriched air (or oxygen) introduced into the furnace body 1 through the bottom blowing ports 15 only agitates the molten material between the slag discharge area and the copper discharge area, without affecting the slag discharge and copper discharge.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the flue gas outlet 12 is located at the top of the furnace body 1 for flue gas exhaust. The flue gas outlet 12 is adjacent to the slag discharge port 14 in the first direction; for example, the flue gas outlet 12 is located above the slag discharge area. Alternatively, the flue gas outlet 12 is located in the middle of the furnace body 1 in the first direction; for example, the flue gas outlet 12 is located between the first rolling ring 33 and the second rolling ring 34.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a side-blowing port 16 is located on the side of the furnace body 1, positioned vertically in the middle of the furnace body 1, with the exhaust gas from the side-blowing port 16 directed towards the slag layer. A side-blowing lance 2 is located at the side-blowing port 16, and the side-blowing lance 2 introduces gas into the furnace body 1 through the side-blowing port 16. Thus, the exhaust gas introduced into the furnace body 1 by the side-blowing lance 2 through the side-blowing port 16 can agitate the slag within the slag layer. For example, the side-blowing lance 2 can introduce a mixture of natural gas and oxygen-enriched air, or a mixture of natural gas and oxygen, into the furnace body 1 through the side-blowing port 16.

[0030] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, each side-blowing nozzle 2 includes a first air inlet pipe 21 and a second air inlet pipe 22. The first air inlet pipe 21 is used to introduce oxygen-enriched air, and the second air inlet pipe 22 is used to introduce fuel gas. The outlets of the first air inlet pipe 21 and the second air inlet pipe 22 are connected to the nozzle 23 of the side-blowing nozzle 2. This allows the nozzle 23 of the side-blowing nozzle 2 to introduce a mixture of fuel gas and oxygen-enriched air (or oxygen) into the slag layer to agitate the slag layer, and the combustion of the fuel gas can increase the temperature of the slag layer in that area. For example, the first air inlet pipe 21 is used to introduce oxygen-enriched air, and the second air inlet pipe 22 is used to introduce natural gas. The side-blowing nozzle 2 is externally equipped with a water-cooling jacket to cool the nozzle 23. For example, the cooling water flow rate is interlocked with the nozzle temperature to prevent high-temperature burn-out.

[0031] In some embodiments, the side blow port 16 is adjacent to the slag discharge port 14 in a first direction. Specifically, the side blow port 16 is adjacent to the first end of the furnace body 1 in the first direction, so that the side blow port 16 is close to the slag discharge area of ​​the furnace body 1, thereby facilitating the side blow lance 2 to introduce a mixture of oxygen-enriched air and fuel gas into the smelting slag layer in the slag discharge area to stir and heat the slag to be discharged. The side blow port 16 is located on at least one side of the furnace body 1 in the width direction of the furnace body 1, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the vertical direction. For example, the side blow port 16 is located on one side of the furnace body 1 in the width direction (left-right direction) of the furnace body 1.

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the first portion of a plurality of side blowing ports 16 is located in a first direction between the first end of the furnace body 1 and the first rolling ring 33, and the second portion of the plurality of side blowing ports 16 is located in a first direction between the first rolling ring 33 and the second rolling ring 34. The distance between the second portion of the plurality of side blowing ports 16 and the first rolling ring 33 is greater than or equal to 1 meter and less than or equal to 2 meters. Thus, the first rolling ring 33 can be provided with side blowing ports 16 on both sides in the first direction, so as to stir and heat the slag flowing to the slag discharge port 14.

[0033] In some embodiments, the number of side blowing ports 16 is less than or equal to five, and the multiple side blowing ports 16 are spaced apart in the first direction. Specifically, the number of side blowing ports 16 located between the first end of the furnace body 1 and the first rolling ring 33 in the first direction is less than or equal to four. For example, the number of side blowing ports 16 located between the first end of the furnace body 1 and the first rolling ring 33 in the first direction can be one, two, three, or four, and the number of side blowing ports 16 located between the first rolling ring 33 and the second rolling ring 34 in the first direction can be one.

[0034] In some embodiments, the angle between the exhaust direction of the side-blowing spray gun 2 and the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to -5° and less than or equal to 30°. For example, the exhaust direction of the side-blowing spray gun 2 is horizontal. The exhaust direction of the side-blowing spray gun 2 is the width direction of the furnace body 1.

[0035] In some embodiments, the distance between the side blow nozzle 16 and the interface between the copper matte layer and the smelting slag layer is less than or equal to 300 mm. Specifically, the side blow nozzle 16 may be located within 300 mm below or above this interface.

[0036] In some embodiments, the side-blowing nozzle 16 is located between the upper and lower surfaces of the smelting slag layer in the vertical direction, and the distance between the side-blowing nozzle 16 and the copper matte layer is greater than or equal to 150 mm and less than or equal to 200 mm. Specifically, the side-blowing nozzle 16 is located above the interface between the copper matte layer and the smelting slag layer, and below the liquid surface (upper surface) of the smelting slag layer. The distance between the side-blowing nozzle 16 and the interface between the copper matte layer and the smelting slag layer is greater than or equal to 150 mm and less than or equal to 200 mm. For example, the distance between the side-blowing nozzle 16 and the copper matte layer is 160 mm or 180 mm.

[0037] The present invention also proposes a smelting method using a bottom-blown and side-blown combined smelting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, the bottom-blown and side-blown combined smelting method according to an embodiment of the present invention comprising the following steps: Bottom-blown lances introduce oxygen-enriched air into the furnace body 1 through bottom-blown nozzles 15, so that the materials in the furnace body 1 can be smelted to form a copper matte layer and a smelting slag layer above the copper matte layer. Specifically, during the smelting stage, bottom-blown lances at the bottom of the furnace body 1 exhaust air upward through bottom-blown nozzles 15, and complete a strong oxidation smelting reaction in the main reaction zone of the molten pool of the furnace body 1 to generate copper matte and slag, so as to form a copper matte layer and a smelting slag layer above the copper matte layer.

[0038] The side-blowing lance 2 introduces a mixture of fuel gas and oxygen-enriched air into the slag layer inside the furnace body 1 through the side-blowing port 16. Specifically, during the side-blowing tempering stage of the slag layer, after the molten material flows to the slag discharge area, the side-blowing lance 2 is activated to introduce a mixture of fuel gas and oxygen-enriched air into the slag layer inside the furnace body 1. For example, a mixture of natural gas and oxygen-enriched air or a mixture of natural gas and oxygen can be introduced into the slag layer inside the furnace body 1 using the side-blowing lance 2 so that the temperature of the slag in the slag layer is greater than 1220°C.

[0039] Injecting a mixture of natural gas and oxygen-enriched air into the smelting slag layer has the following effects: 1. Enhanced stirring intensity: Injecting natural gas and oxygen-enriched air into the smelting slag layer continuously stirs the slag layer, promoting the reaction between the material and the melt. 2. Heating and replenishment: To ensure that the slag temperature in the smelting slag layer exceeds 1220℃, the Fe3O4 in the slag undergoes a strong endothermic reaction with the FeS in the material: 3Fe3O4 + FeS + 5SiO2 = 5(2FeO·SiO2) + SO2↑, leading to a decrease in the temperature of the mixed melt. Injecting natural gas and oxygen-enriched air into the slag layer allows for direct combustion and heat release within the slag layer, increasing the slag temperature and promoting the forward reaction between Fe3O4 in the slag and FeS in the material, reducing the Fe3O4 content in the slag, effectively reducing slag viscosity, and accelerating the separation of copper matte from the slag. 3. Promotes Fe3O4 reduction and reduces copper content in the slag: Injecting natural gas and oxygen-enriched air into the slag layer... Natural gas, acting as a reducing agent, reduces Fe3O4, which affects slag fluidity, to FeO (Fe3O4 + CH4 → 3FeO + CO↑ + H2↑), thus lowering the Fe3O4 content in the slag, further reducing its viscosity, optimizing settling conditions, and consequently reducing the copper content. After conditioning with the newly added side-blown lance 2, the slag fluidity is increased, allowing the copper matte droplets to settle rapidly. The conditioned slag, characterized by high temperature, low viscosity, low Fe3O4 content, and reduced copper content, can then be easily discharged from the slag discharge port 14.

[0040] In some embodiments, the flow rate of the mixed gas ejected by each side-blowing spray gun 2 is greater than or equal to 400 Nm³. 3 / h and less than or equal to 800 Nm 3 / h. For example, the flow rate of the mixed gas ejected by each side-blowing spray gun 2 is 500 Nm³. 3 / h, 600Nm 3 / h or 700Nm 3 / h.

[0041] In some embodiments, the jet pressure of each side-blowing spray gun 2 is greater than or equal to 0.2 MPa and less than or equal to 0.4 MPa. For example, the jet pressure of each side-blowing spray gun 2 is 0.3 MPa.

[0042] In some embodiments, the oxygen-fuel ratio of the mixture ejected by each side-blowing spray gun 2 is greater than or equal to 1:1 and less than or equal to 4:1. For example, the oxygen-fuel ratio of the mixture ejected by each side-blowing spray gun 2 is 2:1.

[0043] In the first specific embodiment, the furnace body 1 has dimensions of Φ5.8m × 30m. A side-blowing port 16 is provided between the first end of the furnace body 1 and the first rolling ring 33. This side-blowing port 16 is 1.5m away from the center line of the first rolling ring 33. The side-blowing port 16 (side-blowing spray gun 2) is located above the copper matte surface and 150mm-200mm away from the copper matte surface. The side-blowing port 16 (side-blowing spray gun 2) is horizontally arranged, with an insertion depth of 200mm-500mm. The natural gas flow rate of the side-blowing spray gun 2 is 150Nm³. 3 The system operates at a rate of / h, pressure of 0.25 MPa, oxygen-enriched air concentration of 60%, and an oxygen-fuel ratio greater than or equal to 1:1 and less than or equal to 4:1. This reduces the copper content in the slag from 4.5% to 3.5% and increases the grade of crude copper from 68% to 70%.

[0044] In the second specific embodiment, the furnace body 1 has dimensions of Φ5.8m × 30m. A side blowing port 16 is provided between the first end of the furnace body 1 and the first rolling ring 33, and this side blowing port 16 is 1.5m away from the center line of the first rolling ring 33. Another side blowing port 16 is provided between the first rolling ring 33 and the second rolling ring 34, and this other side blowing port 16 is also 1.5m away from the center line of the first rolling ring 33. The side blowing port 16 (side blowing gun 2) is located above the copper matte surface and is 150mm-200mm away from the copper matte surface. The side blowing port 16 (side blowing gun 2) is horizontally arranged, and the insertion depth is 200mm-500mm. The natural gas flow rate of the side blowing gun 2 is 150Nm. 3 The system operates at a rate of / h, pressure of 0.25 MPa, oxygen-enriched air concentration of 60%, and an oxygen-fuel ratio greater than or equal to 1:1 and less than or equal to 4:1. This reduces the copper content in the slag from 4.5% to 2.9%, and increases the grade of crude copper from 68% to 72%.

[0045] The bottom-blowing and side-blowing combined smelting apparatus of this invention, by adding a side-blowing lance in the slag discharge area, forms a multi-dimensional stirring system, enhancing stirring intensity, making the chemical reaction more complete, and improving smelting efficiency. The added side-blowing lance can supplement heat by adjusting the combustion ratio, maintaining a stable molten pool temperature, while simultaneously reducing slag viscosity. This significantly reduces the settling resistance of small copper droplets, accelerating the separation of copper matte from the slag. It can also strengthen the reducing atmosphere, reducing Fe3O4 in the slag to FeO, reducing the Fe3O4 content in the slag, further reducing slag viscosity, optimizing settling conditions, and simultaneously reducing copper oxidation and dissolution, thereby reducing the copper content in the slag and improving copper recovery rate.

[0046] Therefore, the bottom-blown and side-blown combined smelting apparatus according to the embodiments of the present invention can reduce the copper content of the slag, improve the copper recovery rate, and facilitate slag discharge.

[0047] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0048] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0049] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0050] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0051] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0052] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined bottom and side blowing smelting apparatus, characterized in that The application relates to a bottom and side combined smelting device. The furnace body has a material inlet, a flue gas outlet, a copper tapping hole, a slag tapping hole, a bottom blowing hole and a side blowing hole, material is introduced into the furnace body through the material inlet to form a copper matte layer and a smelting slag layer above the copper matte layer, copper in the copper matte layer can be discharged from the furnace body through the copper tapping hole, and slag in the smelting slag layer can be discharged from the furnace body through the slag tapping hole, the length direction of the furnace body is a first direction, the bottom blowing hole is a plurality of bottom blowing holes, the plurality of bottom blowing holes are arranged on the bottom of the furnace body along the first direction, the side blowing hole is arranged on the side of the furnace body, the side blowing hole is arranged at the middle position of the furnace body in the up-down direction, and the exhaust of the side blowing hole is directed to the smelting slag layer. A bottom blowing lance is arranged in the bottom blowing hole, and the bottom blowing lance introduces gas into the furnace body through the bottom blowing hole. A side blowing lance is arranged in the side blowing hole, and the side blowing lance introduces gas into the furnace body through the side blowing hole.

2. The combined bottom and side blown smelting apparatus defined in claim 1, characterised in that, Each side blowing lance comprises a first gas inlet pipe and a second gas inlet pipe, the first gas inlet pipe is used for introducing oxygen-enriched air, the second gas inlet pipe is used for introducing fuel gas, and the outlet of the first gas inlet pipe and the outlet of the second gas inlet pipe are communicated with the nozzle of the side blowing lance.

3. The combined bottom and side blown smelting apparatus defined in claim 2, characterised in that, The side blowing hole is adjacent to the slag tapping hole in the first direction.

4. The bottom and side combined smelting device according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein The angle between the exhaust direction of the side blowing lance and the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to -5 degrees and less than or equal to 30 degrees; and / or The distance between the side blowing hole and the interface between the copper matte layer and the smelting slag layer is less than or equal to 300 mm.

5. The bottom and side combined smelting device according to claim 4, wherein The number of side blowing holes is less than or equal to 5, and the plurality of side blowing holes are arranged at intervals in the first direction; and / or The side blowing hole is located between the upper surface and the lower surface of the smelting slag layer in the up-down direction, and the distance between the side blowing hole and the copper matte layer is greater than or equal to 150 mm and less than or equal to 200 mm; and / or The side blowing lance is externally provided with a water-cooling jacket.

6. The combined bottom and side blown smelting apparatus defined in claim 4, characterised in that, Further comprising a rotating part, the rotating part comprises A gear ring is arranged outside the furnace body; A transmission device is arranged, and the transmission gear of the transmission device is engaged with the gear ring to drive the gear ring and the furnace body to rotate; A plurality of rolling rings are arranged at intervals outside the furnace body along the first direction, the furnace body is slidably connected with the rolling rings, and each rolling ring is arranged on a corresponding tugger winch seat.

7. The bottom and side combined smelting device according to claim 6, wherein The plurality of rolling rings comprise a first rolling ring and a second rolling ring, the first rolling ring is adjacent to the first end of the furnace body in the first direction, and the second rolling ring is adjacent to the second end of the furnace body in the first direction; The slag tapping hole is arranged at the first end of the furnace body, and the copper tapping hole is arranged at the second end of the furnace body; The plurality of bottom blowing holes are located between the first rolling ring and the second rolling ring in the first direction; The side blowing hole is adjacent to the first end of the furnace body in the first direction; The material inlets are multiple and are arranged at intervals along the first direction; The flue gas outlet is arranged at the top of the furnace body, and the flue gas outlet is adjacent to the slag tapping hole in the first direction, or the flue gas outlet is located at the middle position of the furnace body in the first direction.

8. The combined bottom and side blowing smelting device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first end portion and the second end portion of the furnace body are each provided with a burner, and the outlet of the burner is in communication with the cavity of the furnace body; A first part of the plurality of side blowing openings is located between the first end portion of the furnace body and the first rolling ring in the first direction, and a second part of the plurality of side blowing openings is located between the first rolling ring and the second rolling ring in the first direction, and the distance between the second part of the plurality of side blowing openings and the first rolling ring is greater than or equal to 1 meter and less than or equal to 2 meters.

9. A smelting method using the combined bottom and side blowing smelting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: The bottom blowing lance introduces oxygen-enriched air into the furnace body through the bottom blowing opening, so that the material in the furnace body is smelted to generate a copper matte layer and a smelting slag layer above the copper matte layer, and the side blowing lance introduces a mixed gas of fuel gas and oxygen-enriched air into the smelting slag layer in the furnace body through the side blowing opening.

10. The combined bottom and side blowing smelting method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The mixed gas of natural gas and oxygen-enriched air or the mixed gas of natural gas and oxygen is introduced into the smelting slag layer in the furnace body by the side blowing lance, so that the temperature of the slag in the smelting slag layer is greater than 1220℃; and / or The flow rate of the mixed gas sprayed by each of the side-blown lances is greater than or equal to 400 Nm 3 / h and less than or equal to 800 Nm 3 / h; and / or The jet pressure of each side blowing lance is greater than or equal to 0.2 MPa and less than or equal to 0.4 MPa; and / or The oxygen-fuel ratio of the mixed gas jetted by each side blowing lance is greater than or equal to 1:1 and less than or equal to 4:1.

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