Waste oil well gravity energy storage system and method based on underground water regulation and control

Abstract

The invention discloses an abandoned oil well gravity energy storage system and method based on underground water regulation and control, and belongs to the technical field of physical energy storage. The system comprises a water pumping assembly, a weight, an energy conversion assembly, a sensing assembly and a control center; in the energy releasing stage, the water pumping assembly pumps underground water in the oil well in advance to prevent the underground water from generating resistance to weight descending; in the energy storage stage, the water pumping assembly returns the stored underground water to the oil well, the underground water buoyancy assists the weight to rise, and the energy storage efficiency is improved. The energy conversion assembly is connected with a weight through a steel cable to achieve mutual conversion between electric energy and gravitational potential energy. The sensing assembly monitors oil well water level and weight position signals, and the control center supplies energy to all the assemblies and regulates and controls the assemblies in real time. By the adoption of the system and method, the water pumping system is controlled under different charging and discharging working conditions through the water pumping device to prevent the heavy object from being subjected to resistance of underground water, energy storage work is conducted through buoyancy of the underground water, and the overall operation efficiency of the gravity energy storage system is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of physical energy storage, in particular to a gravity energy storage system and method for abandoned oil wells based on underground water regulation. BACKGROUND

[0002] There are many abandoned oil wells in China, and the space resources have not been fully developed and utilized. At present, the abandoned well space is often used as a gas storage for oil and gas resources in China, and these space resources can also be used to implement gravity energy storage technology. The current gravity energy storage technology uses a mine type gravity energy storage system, which is different from the mine in that there is underground water that cannot be removed in the abandoned oil well. Due to the existence of underground water, the oil well gravity energy storage has the problem that part of the energy will be lost and the efficiency will be reduced or the output power will be affected during the lifting and releasing of the weight due to the influence of the buoyancy and resistance of the underground water. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a gravity energy storage system and method for abandoned oil wells based on underground water regulation, which can improve the overall energy conversion efficiency of the system by removing the underground water in the oil well in advance during the discharging process and using the buoyancy of the underground water during the charging process to reduce the resistance of the underground water to the weight.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a gravity energy storage system for abandoned oil wells based on underground water regulation, which comprises: a water pumping assembly arranged on one side of the oil well, which works in advance to pump out and store the underground water in the oil well when the system discharges energy, so as to avoid the resistance of the underground water; when the system stores energy, the stored underground water flows back to the oil well through the water pumping assembly to improve the system efficiency by using the buoyancy of the underground water; and in the backflow process, the water flow drives the water turbine to rotate to further generate electricity and store energy to improve the overall efficiency of the system.

[0005] A weight is arranged in the oil well, and an energy conversion assembly is arranged on the other side of the oil well, which is connected with the weight through a steel cable and is used to drive the weight to rise and fall to realize the mutual conversion of electric energy and gravitational potential energy, so as to complete the energy storage and discharge of the system; An induction assembly is arranged inside the oil well, which is used to monitor the water level signal and the weight position signal in the oil well, and provides signal support for the operation of the water pumping assembly and the energy conversion assembly; A control center is arranged on the side of the energy conversion assembly away from the oil well, which is used to supply energy to the water pumping assembly, the energy conversion assembly and the induction assembly, and is also used to receive the signals of the induction assembly and control the water pumping assembly and the energy conversion assembly in real time.

[0006] Preferably, the sensing component includes an upper limit switch fixedly connected to the beginning of the vertical section of the oil well, which is used to detect in real time whether the weight has risen to the preset upper limit position corresponding to the completion of energy storage; it also includes a lower limit switch fixedly connected to the end of the vertical section of the oil well, which is used to detect in real time whether the weight has fallen to the preset lower limit position corresponding to the completion of energy release; a pressure sensor is provided below the lower limit switch, which is also fixedly connected to the vertical section of the oil well, and is used to collect the pressure data of the groundwater in the oil well in real time, providing data support for the groundwater level control under the charging and discharging conditions of the system.

[0007] Preferably, the pumping assembly includes a pump installed on one side of the oil well, and a water storage tank located on the side of the pump away from the oil well. A pumping pipe is fixedly connected to the side of the pump closest to the oil well, with the other end of the pipe extending into the oil well and reaching its bottom, and fixed to the sidewall of the oil well, for pumping groundwater from the well. A drainage pipe is fixedly connected to the side of the pump away from the oil well, with the other end of the drainage pipe extending into the water storage tank and reaching its bottom, for discharging the pumped groundwater into the water storage tank. The bottom of the water storage tank... A return pipe is installed between the well and the oil well wall. The two ends of the return pipe are fixedly connected to the bottom of the water storage tank and the well wall, respectively, to return water from the water storage tank to the oil well. An electromagnetic control valve is fixedly connected to the return pipe to precisely control the opening and closing of the return pipe and the water flow rate. The pumping assembly also includes a water turbine, which is fixedly connected to the return pipe and located near the water storage tank. A water turbine generator is connected to the water turbine. During the return process, the water flow drives the water turbine to rotate and drives the water turbine generator to generate electricity.

[0008] Preferably, the energy conversion component is located on the other side of the oil well, separate from the pumping component on both sides of the oil well. The energy conversion component includes a reel, which is supported on the ground by a support rod. A gearbox is located on the side of the reel away from the oil well, and a gear set is installed inside the gearbox. A generator motor is located on the side of the gearbox away from the reel, and an electromagnetic brake is adapted to the side of the generator motor away from the gearbox to realize the start, stop, and braking of the generator motor. One end of the steel cable is fixedly connected to a heavy object, and the other end extends upward and passes around the reel before being connected to the output end of the gearbox. The input end of the gearbox is rigidly connected to the output end of the generator motor, and the transmission ratio is adjusted by the internal gear set to match the speed of the reel and the generator motor, ensuring the normal operation of the system.

[0009] Preferably, the outer shell of the weight is a metal shell, the outer surface of the metal shell is coated with an anti-rust coating, and the two ends of the metal shell are streamlined; the side wall of the weight is provided with a groove that matches the outer diameter of the water pumping pipe, and the weight slides up and down along the water pumping pipe with the water pumping pipe as a guide rail.

[0010] Preferably, the control center includes a power supply module, a monitoring module, and a control module. The power supply module is electrically connected to both the monitoring module and the control module, providing power to the monitoring module, the control module, the water pump, the generator motor, the electromagnetic brake, and the electromagnetic control valve. The monitoring module collects key system operating data in real time, including the position signals of the heavy object sent by the upper and lower limit switches, the groundwater pressure signals in the oil well collected by the pressure sensor, and the operating status feedback signals of the generator motor, the water pump, and the electromagnetic brake. The collected signals are then transmitted to the control module. The control module, as the core of the system control, receives various data signals transmitted by the monitoring module, generates and outputs precise control commands for the water pump, the generator motor, the electromagnetic brake, and the electromagnetic control valve based on the preset charging and discharging logic and the grid dispatch instructions, thereby achieving closed-loop control of the system's energy storage and release process.

[0011] A method for gravity energy storage of abandoned oil wells based on groundwater regulation is also provided, the steps of which include: S1, Energy Storage: When there is a surplus of power in the power grid or an excess of power in new energy equipment, the control center receives an energy storage command and starts the energy storage process. S2, Energy Release: When the power grid has an energy deficit and needs to be replenished, the control center receives the energy release command and starts the energy release process; S1 and S2 are performed cyclically according to the power grid's energy supply and demand status.

[0012] Preferably, the energy storage process is as follows: The control center first controls the pumping unit to start the recirculation mode, and at the same time controls the electromagnetic control valve to open, so that the groundwater stored in the reservoir flows back to the oil well through the recirculation pipe. During the recirculation process, the water flowing back in the recirculation pipe drives the water turbine to rotate, which in turn drives the water turbine generator to rotate and generate electricity to supply power to the grid. The pressure sensor monitors the water level and pressure data in the oil well in real time. When the water level reaches the preset buoyancy threshold, the electromagnetic control valve is closed, and the electric mode of the energy conversion unit is started. The generator motor drives the shaft to rotate through the gearbox, and the steel cable pulls the heavy object to rise along the pumping pipe. The upper limit switch monitors the position of the heavy object in real time. When the heavy object rises to the preset upper limit position, the control center controls the generator motor to stop running, and the electromagnetic brake is activated to brake, completing the conversion of electrical energy into gravitational potential energy.

[0013] Preferably, the energy release process is as follows: The control center first controls the water pump to start the pumping mode, extracting the groundwater in the oil well through the pumping pipe and storing it in the reservoir through the drainage pipe; the pressure sensor monitors the water level and pressure data in the oil well in real time, and when the water level drops to the preset resistance threshold, the electromagnetic brake is released, and the heavy object is guided to descend naturally along the pumping pipe. The steel cable drives the reel to rotate, and the gearbox drives the generator motor to start the power generation mode; the lower limit switch monitors the position of the heavy object in real time. When the heavy object descends to the preset lower limit position, the control center controls the generator motor to stop generating electricity, completing the conversion of gravitational potential energy into electrical energy.

[0014] Therefore, the above-mentioned gravity energy storage system and method for abandoned oil wells based on groundwater regulation, as described in this invention, has the following beneficial effects: (1) The space resources of abandoned oil wells are efficiently utilized. Heavy objects are filled with environmentally friendly materials such as industrial waste, which not only realizes the recycling of resources, but also saves costs and meets the needs of green development. (2) The charging and discharging processes avoid groundwater resistance and utilize groundwater buoyancy respectively. Combined with the heavy material flow line design and the structural optimization of the pumping pipe as a guide rail, energy loss is greatly reduced and the overall efficiency of the energy storage system is significantly improved. (3) Heavy objects are safe to operate underground and can reduce noise pollution. At the same time, they support remote scheduling and unmanned operation, taking into account both operational stability and ease of use. (4) During the return flow process of the pumping system, the turbine drives the turbine generator to rotate and supply power to the grid, which can further improve the overall efficiency of the system.

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a gravity energy storage system for abandoned oil wells based on groundwater regulation, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a top view of the weight structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a front view of the heavy object structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the cyclic process of the gravity energy storage method for abandoned oil wells based on groundwater regulation, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure Labels 1. Generator motor; 2. Reel; 3. Water pump; 4. Heavy object; 5. Pumping pipe; 6. Pressure sensor; 7. Gearbox; 8. Return pipe; 9. Steel cable; 10. Vertical section; 11. Well wall; 12. Upper limit switch; 13. Lower limit switch; 14. Electromagnetic brake; 15. Groove; 16. Groundwater; 17. Support rod; 18. Reservoir; 19. Control center; 20. Water turbine; 21. Hydroelectric generator; 22. Drainage pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0018] Example like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a gravity energy storage system for abandoned oil wells based on groundwater regulation, including: a pumping assembly, which is set on one side of the oil well. When the system releases energy, the pumping assembly works in advance to pump out and store the groundwater 16 in the oil well to avoid the resistance of the groundwater 16; when the system stores energy, the stored groundwater 16 flows back into the oil well through the pumping assembly, and the buoyancy of the groundwater 16 is used to improve the system efficiency. The pumping assembly includes a pump 3, which is installed on one side of the oil well. A water storage tank 18 is located on the side of the pump 3 away from the oil well. A pumping pipe 5 is fixedly connected to the side of the pump 3 closest to the oil well. The other end of the pumping pipe 5 extends into the oil well and reaches the bottom of the oil well, and is fixed to the sidewall of the oil well, for pumping groundwater 16 from the oil well. A drainage pipe 22 is fixedly connected to the side of the pump 3 away from the oil well. The other end of the drainage pipe 22 extends into the water storage tank 18 and reaches the bottom of the water storage tank 18, for discharging the pumped groundwater 16 into the water storage tank 18. A space is provided between the bottom of the water storage tank 18 and the oil well wall 11. There is a return pipe 8, with its two ends fixedly connected to the bottom of the water storage tank 18 and the well wall 11 of the oil well, respectively. It is used to return water from the water storage tank 18 to the oil well. An electromagnetic control valve is fixedly connected to the return pipe 8 to precisely control the opening and closing of the return pipe 8 and the water flow rate. The pumping assembly also includes a water turbine 20, which is fixedly connected to the return pipe 8 and located on the side close to the water storage tank 18. The water turbine 20 is connected to a water turbine generator 21. During the return process, the water flow drives the water turbine 20 to rotate and drives the water turbine generator 21 to supply power to the grid, further improving the overall efficiency of the system.

[0019] There is a weight 4 inside the oil well, such as Figure 2 - Figure 3 As shown, the outer shell of the weight 4 is a metal shell, the outer surface of which is coated with an anti-rust coating, and the two ends of the metal shell are streamlined. The side wall of the weight 4 is provided with a groove 15 that matches the outer diameter of the water pumping pipe 5. The weight 4 uses the water pumping pipe 5 as a guide rail to slide up and down along the water pumping pipe 5.

[0020] An energy conversion component is installed on the other side of the oil well. This component is connected to a weight 4 via a steel cable 9 and is used to drive the weight 4 up and down to achieve the mutual conversion of electrical energy and gravitational potential energy, thus completing the system's energy storage and release. The energy conversion component is located on the other side of the oil well, separate from the pumping component. The energy conversion component includes a reel 2, which is supported on the ground by a support rod 17. A gearbox 7 is located on the side of the reel 2 away from the oil well, containing a gear set. A generator motor 1 is located on the side of the gearbox 7 away from the reel 2, and an electromagnetic brake 14 is connected to the side of the generator motor 1 away from the gearbox 7 to start, stop, and brake it. One end of the steel cable 9 is fixedly connected to the weight 4, and the other end extends upwards and passes around the reel 2 before being connected to the output end of the gearbox 7. The input end of the gearbox 7 is rigidly connected to the output end of the generator motor 1, and the transmission ratio is adjusted through the internal gear set to match the speed of the reel 2 and the generator motor 1, ensuring normal system operation.

[0021] The oil well is equipped with sensing components to monitor the water level and the position of the weight 4, providing signal support for the operation of the pumping and energy conversion components. The sensing components include an upper limit switch 12 fixedly connected to the beginning of the vertical section 10 of the oil well, which detects in real time whether the weight 4 has risen to the preset upper limit position corresponding to the completion of energy storage; and a lower limit switch 13 fixedly connected to the end of the vertical section 10, which detects in real time whether the weight 4 has descended to the preset lower limit position corresponding to the completion of energy release; a pressure sensor 6 is located below the lower limit switch 13, also fixedly connected to the vertical section 10 of the oil well, for real-time acquisition of the pressure data of the groundwater 16 within the oil well, providing data support for the control of the groundwater level 16 under the system's charging and discharging conditions.

[0022] A control center 19 is located on the side of the energy conversion component away from the oil well. It is used to supply power to the pumping component, energy conversion component and sensing component, and also to receive signals from the sensing component and to control the pumping component and energy conversion component in real time. The control center 19 includes a power supply module, a monitoring module, and a control module. The power supply module is electrically connected to both the monitoring module and the control module, providing power to the monitoring module, the control module, the water pump 3, the generator motor 1, the electromagnetic brake 14, and the electromagnetic control valve. The monitoring module is used to collect key system operating data in real time, including the position signal of the heavy object 4 sent by the upper limit switch 12 and the lower limit switch 13, the pressure signal of the groundwater 16 in the oil well collected by the pressure sensor 6, and the operating status feedback signals of the generator motor 1, the water pump 3, and the electromagnetic brake 14, and transmits the collected signals to the control module. The control module, as the core of the system control, receives various data signals transmitted by the monitoring module, generates and outputs precise control commands for the water pump 3, the generator motor 1, the electromagnetic brake 14, and the electromagnetic control valve based on the preset charging and discharging logic and the grid dispatch instructions, thereby realizing closed-loop control of the system's energy storage and release process.

[0023] like Figure 4 As shown, a gravity energy storage method for abandoned oil wells based on groundwater regulation is also provided. During the energy storage and release process, energy loss is ignored, and it is assumed that all electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy. The steps include: S1. Energy Storage: When there is a surplus of power in the power grid or an excess of power in the new energy equipment, the control center 19 receives an energy storage command and initiates the energy storage process: The control center 19 first controls the pumping component to start the return flow mode, and at the same time controls the electromagnetic control valve to open, so that the groundwater 16 stored in the reservoir 18 is returned to the oil well through the return pipe 8. During the return flow, the water returning in the return pipe 8 drives the water turbine 20 to rotate, which in turn drives the water turbine generator 21 to rotate, supplying energy to the power grid; the pressure sensor 6 monitors the water level and pressure data in the oil well in real time. When the water level reaches the preset buoyancy threshold, the electromagnetic control valve is closed, and the electric mode of the energy conversion component is started at the same time. The generator motor 1 drives the shaft 2 to rotate through the gearbox 7, and the steel cable 9 pulls the heavy object 4 to rise along the pumping pipe 5; the upper limit switch 12 monitors the position of the heavy object 4 in real time. When the heavy object 4 rises to the preset upper limit position, the control center 19 controls the generator motor 1 to stop running, and the electromagnetic brake 14 is activated to brake, completing the conversion of electrical energy into gravitational potential energy. Specifically, during the energy storage process, groundwater 16 will seep in after pumping, so the energy storage process is divided into two stages: the water stage and the waterless stage. Water stage: Buoyancy of the heavy object The formula is: ; in, The density of water, It is the acceleration due to gravity. Let be the volume of the heavy object.

[0024] Let the power consumed by the generator motor be... The formula is: ; in, For the mass of the heavy object, The velocity of the heavy object in the oil well; Waterless stage: To simplify the calculation, the weight is approximated as a cylinder. The rated power of the generator motor is assumed to be... The formula is: ; in, The cross-sectional area of ​​the weight. The length of the weight The density of the heavy object; Assuming the generator-motor is a synchronous motor, then the angular velocity of the generator-motor is... The formula is: ; in, This refers to the rotational speed of the generator motor; The angular velocity of the reel can be determined by matching the gearbox. The formula is: ; in, The set gearbox ratio; Find the radius of the scroll. The formula is: ; S2. Energy Release: When the power grid experiences an energy deficit and needs to be replenished, the control center 19 receives an energy release command and initiates the energy release process: The control center 19 first controls the water pump 3 to start the pumping mode, drawing groundwater 16 from the oil well through the pumping pipe 5 and storing it in the reservoir 18 through the drainage pipe 22; the pressure sensor 6 monitors the water level and pressure data in the oil well in real time. Once the water level drops to the preset resistance threshold, the electromagnetic brake 14 is released, and the weight 4 descends naturally along the pumping pipe 5. The steel cable 9 drives the reel 2 to rotate, which in turn drives the generator motor 1 to start the power generation mode via the gearbox 7; the lower limit switch 13 monitors the position of the weight 4 in real time. When the weight 4 descends to the preset lower limit position, the control center 19 controls the generator motor 1 to stop generating electricity, completing the conversion of gravitational potential energy into electrical energy. Specifically, the water pump 3, in conjunction with the pressure sensor 6, pumps the groundwater 16 from the oil well to the designed height, ensuring that the weight 4 is not affected by the groundwater 16 during its descent. Let the rated power of the generator motor be... The formula is: ; The energy released during the entire process is The formula is: ; in, This is the distance between the upper and lower limits of the vertical section of the oil well; For the power generation energy in the return pipeline, the single-pass power generation efficiency in the pumped storage system is 88% to 94%, and 90% is taken in this patent.

[0025] The reflux energy is: in, Q This represents the water flow rate in the pipe. h 2 represents the height between the bottom of the reservoir and the bottom of the oil well. η This refers to the single-trip efficiency of power generation.

[0026] S1 and S2 are performed cyclically according to the power grid's energy supply and demand status.

[0027] Example 1 my country has many oilfields, and the vertical section depth and casing inner diameter generally vary from oilfield to oilfield. Specific data summarized from the references are shown in Tables 1 and 2: Table 1 Key Well Condition Parameters of Abandoned Oil Wells in Different Oilfields

[0028] Table 2 Key Component Parameter Table of the Invention

[0029] Here, we will use the vertical section depth and casing inner diameter of Daqing Oilfield for specific calculations, assuming the rated power of the generator motor. It has a power rating of 75kW, and the heavy object is made of concrete with a density of [missing information]. 2500 kg / m 3 Let the speed of the weight moving in the oil well be... With a speed of 2 m / s, the height of the object can be calculated during the energy release process. The specific algorithm uses the formula The length of the weight can be solved. The length is 48.74m, and the electrical energy generated is... The solution is 6375.8 kJ.

[0030] In the energy storage process, assuming the groundwater infiltration height is 100m, then the power during the water-containing process is... , The power is calculated to be 45kW, which is the power during the waterless process. The power is calculated to be 75kW. The energy stored throughout the entire process... The power output is 6375.8 kJ. The generator motor speed is... The speed is 1500 r / min, calculated using the formula. The angular velocity of the generator can be calculated to be 50π, and the radius of the reel can be obtained. It is 0.255m.

[0031] according to P b = ρ 1 gQh 1 η The calculated return power is 12.01kW.

[0032] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned gravity energy storage system and method for abandoned oil wells based on groundwater regulation. By pre-extracting the bottom water during the discharge process and utilizing the buoyancy of groundwater during the charging process, the resistance of groundwater to heavy objects is reduced, thereby improving the overall energy conversion efficiency of the system.

[0033] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gravity energy storage system for abandoned oil wells based on groundwater regulation, characterized in that, include: The pumping unit is located on one side of the oil well. When the system releases energy, the pumping unit will work in advance to pump out and store the groundwater in the oil well to avoid the resistance of the groundwater. When the system is storing energy, the stored groundwater is returned to the oil well through the pumping components, and the buoyancy of the groundwater is used to improve the system efficiency. The oil well contains a heavy object, and an energy conversion component is installed on the other side of the oil well. The energy conversion component is connected to the heavy object through a steel cable and is used to drive the heavy object to lift and lower, so as to realize the mutual conversion of electrical energy and gravitational potential energy, and complete the energy storage and release of the system. The oil well is equipped with sensing components to monitor the water level and the position of the heavy object, providing signal support for the operation of the pumping and energy conversion components. A control center is located on the side of the energy conversion unit away from the oil well. It is used to supply power to the pumping unit, energy conversion unit and sensing unit, and also to receive signals from the sensing unit and perform real-time control of the pumping unit and energy conversion unit.

2. The gravity energy storage system for abandoned oil wells based on groundwater regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensing components include an upper limit switch fixedly connected to the beginning of the vertical section of the oil well, which is used to detect in real time whether the weight has risen to the preset upper limit position corresponding to the completion of energy storage; it also includes a lower limit switch fixedly connected to the end of the vertical section of the oil well, which is used to detect in real time whether the weight has fallen to the preset lower limit position corresponding to the completion of energy release; a pressure sensor is provided below the lower limit switch, which is also fixedly connected to the vertical section of the oil well, and is used to collect the pressure data of the groundwater in the oil well in real time, providing data support for the groundwater level control under the charging and discharging conditions of the system.

3. The gravity energy storage system for abandoned oil wells based on groundwater regulation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pumping assembly includes a pump installed on one side of the oil well, and a water storage tank located on the side of the pump away from the oil well. A pumping pipe is fixedly connected to the side of the pump closest to the oil well, with the other end extending into the oil well and reaching its bottom, and fixed to the well's sidewall, for pumping groundwater from the well. A drainage pipe is fixedly connected to the side of the pump away from the oil well, with the other end extending into the water storage tank and reaching its bottom, for discharging the pumped groundwater into the tank. The bottom of the water storage tank is flush with the oil well. A return pipe is installed between the well walls. The two ends of the return pipe are fixedly connected to the bottom of the water storage tank and the well wall, respectively, to return water from the water storage tank to the well. An electromagnetic control valve is fixedly connected to the return pipe to precisely control the opening and closing of the return pipe and the water flow rate. The pumping assembly also includes a water turbine, which is fixedly connected to the return pipe and located near the water storage tank. A water turbine generator is connected to the water turbine. During the return process, the water flow drives the water turbine to rotate and drives the water turbine generator to generate electricity.

4. The gravity energy storage system for abandoned oil wells based on groundwater regulation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The energy conversion component is located on the other side of the oil well, separate from the pumping component. The energy conversion component includes a reel supported on the ground by a support rod. A gearbox is located on the side of the reel furthest from the oil well, containing a gear set. A generator motor is located on the side of the gearbox furthest from the reel, and an electromagnetic brake is connected to the side of the generator motor furthest from the gearbox for starting, stopping, and braking. One end of a steel cable is fixedly connected to a weight, and the other end extends upwards, passes around the reel, and is connected to the output end of the gearbox. The input end of the gearbox is rigidly connected to the output end of the generator motor, and the transmission ratio is adjusted through the internal gear set to match the speeds of the reel and the generator motor, ensuring normal system operation.

5. The gravity energy storage system for abandoned oil wells based on groundwater regulation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer shell of the weight is made of metal, and the outer surface of the metal shell is coated with an anti-rust coating. The two ends of the metal shell are designed to be streamlined. The side wall of the weight has a groove that matches the outer diameter of the water pumping pipe. The weight uses the water pumping pipe as a guide rail to slide up and down along the water pumping pipe.

6. The gravity energy storage system for abandoned oil wells based on groundwater regulation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The control center comprises a power supply module, a monitoring module, and a control module. The power supply module is electrically connected to both the monitoring and control modules, providing power to the monitoring module, control module, water pump, generator motor, electromagnetic brake, and electromagnetic control valve. The monitoring module collects key system operating data in real time, including the position signals of the heavy object sent by the upper and lower limit switches, the groundwater pressure signals in the oil well collected by the pressure sensor, and the operating status feedback signals of the generator motor, water pump, and electromagnetic brake. It then transmits the collected signals to the control module. The control module, as the core of the system control, receives various data signals transmitted by the monitoring module, generates and outputs precise control commands for the water pump, generator motor, electromagnetic brake, and electromagnetic control valve based on preset charging and discharging logic and grid dispatch instructions, thereby achieving closed-loop control of the system's energy storage and release process.

7. A method for gravity energy storage of abandoned oil wells based on groundwater regulation, applied to the gravity energy storage system of abandoned oil wells based on groundwater regulation as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the steps... include: S1, Energy Storage: When there is a surplus of power in the power grid or an excess of power in new energy equipment, the control center receives an energy storage command and initiates the energy storage process. S2, Energy Release: When the power grid has an energy deficit and needs to be replenished, the control center receives the energy release command and starts the energy release process; S1 and S2 are performed cyclically according to the power grid's energy supply and demand status.

8. The gravity energy storage method for abandoned oil wells based on groundwater regulation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The energy storage process is as follows: The control center first controls the pumping unit to start the recirculation mode, and at the same time controls the electromagnetic control valve to open, so that the groundwater stored in the reservoir flows back to the oil well through the recirculation pipeline. During the recirculation process, the water flowing back in the recirculation pipeline drives the water turbine to rotate, which in turn drives the water turbine generator to rotate and generate electricity to supply power to the grid. The pressure sensor monitors the water level and pressure data in the oil well in real time. When the water level reaches the preset buoyancy threshold, the electromagnetic control valve is closed, and the electric mode of the energy conversion unit is started. The generator motor drives the shaft to rotate through the gearbox, and the steel cable pulls the heavy object up along the pumping pipeline. The upper limit switch monitors the position of the heavy object in real time. When the heavy object rises to the preset upper limit position, the control center controls the generator motor to stop running and the electromagnetic brake to start braking, completing the conversion of electrical energy into gravitational potential energy.

9. The gravity energy storage method for abandoned oil wells based on groundwater regulation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The energy release process is as follows: The control center first controls the water pump to start the pumping mode, extracting the groundwater in the oil well through the pumping pipe and storing it in the reservoir through the drainage pipe; the pressure sensor monitors the water level and pressure data in the oil well in real time, and when the water level drops to the preset resistance threshold, the electromagnetic brake is released, and the heavy object is guided to descend naturally along the pumping pipe. The steel cable drives the reel to rotate, and the gearbox drives the generator motor to start the power generation mode; the lower limit switch monitors the position of the heavy object in real time. When the heavy object descends to the preset lower limit position, the control center controls the generator motor to stop generating electricity, completing the conversion of gravitational potential energy into electrical energy.

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