Intelligent cultivation method and device for buried habitat type shellfish based on bottom mud ecological optimization

Abstract

The invention relates to a bottom mud ecological optimization-based intelligent cultivation method and device for buried habitat type shellfishes, and the method comprises the steps: S1, constructing a controllable ecological cultivation unit: laying a liftable cultivation frame or net cage in a cultivation water area as a cultivation unit, and filling the cultivation unit with bottom mud subjected to thermal refining treatment to form a mud filling layer for the shellfishes to be buried and habitat; and S2, implementing intelligent dynamic ecological regulation and control: in the breeding process, based on the environment parameters monitored in real time, executing the following coordinated regulation and control operations on the breeding units through an intelligent control system. According to the method, a stable, controllable and healthy burying environment is created for shellfish, and the survival rate and the growth speed are remarkably increased; by means of active regulation and control, good redox state and microbial ecology of the bottom mud are maintained, and aging of the bottom mud is delayed; controllable management and mechanical harvesting in the breeding process are achieved, the labor intensity is greatly reduced, and the method is suitable for a polyculture system, so that the ecological sustainability and economic benefits of the whole breeding system are improved.

Description

Technical fields:

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aquaculture technology, specifically relating to a method and device for intelligent aquaculture of burrowing shellfish based on bottom sediment ecological optimization. Background technology:

[0002] Burrowing shellfish, such as razor clams, hard clams, and green clams, are important aquaculture species in coastal areas of my country, characterized by rapid growth, strong adaptability, and high nutritional value. Traditional burrowing shellfish farming mainly uses bottom seeding, which involves directly sowing shellfish larvae in the intertidal zone or pond bottom mud, allowing them to grow in their natural environment.

[0003] However, this traditional farming model has the following prominent problems:

[0004] Low farming efficiency: Shellfish growth is greatly affected by environmental factors such as bottom sediment, water temperature, and light, resulting in uneven growth rates, long farming cycles, and low yields per unit area. Bottom sediment environment is prone to deterioration: Long-term farming leads to the accumulation of uneaten feed, feces, and other organic matter in the bottom sediment, easily causing oxygen deficiency, acidification, and the accumulation of toxic substances such as hydrogen sulfide, severely impacting shellfish survival and health. Difficult management and ecological damage: Daily management and pest control are inconvenient. Harvesting requires large-scale tilling of the bottom sediment, which is labor-intensive, severely damages the benthic ecosystem, and is unsuitable for systems with other organisms such as fish and shrimp, easily causing conflicts. Lack of precise control methods: It is impossible to timely and accurately control key factors (such as burial depth and bottom sediment oxidation state) according to the needs of different growth stages of shellfish and environmental changes.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new technology for burrowing shellfish farming that can improve the bottom mud habitat, increase farming efficiency, facilitate management, and be eco-friendly. Summary of the Invention:

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a method and device for intelligent aquaculture of burrowing shellfish based on bottom sediment ecological optimization. This method and device create a stable, controllable and healthy burrowing environment for shellfish, significantly improving survival rate and growth rate; maintains a good redox state and microbial ecology in the bottom sediment through active regulation, delaying bottom sediment aging; and achieves controllable management and mechanized harvesting of the aquaculture process, greatly reducing labor intensity. It is also applicable to polyculture systems, thereby improving the ecological sustainability and economic benefits of the entire aquaculture system.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is to provide an intelligent aquaculture method for burrowing shellfish based on bottom sediment ecological optimization. This method comprises three core stages:

[0008] Phase 1: Constructing a controllable ecological aquaculture unit.

[0009] In aquaculture ponds, bays, or engineered aquaculture facilities, vertically movable culture frames or net cages are deployed as basic culture units. These units are filled with screened and conditioned bottom sediment to form a suitable sediment layer, serving as a substrate for shellfish burrowing. The sediment is conditioned to have a moisture content of 35%-45%, a pH of 7.5-8.2, and an organic matter content of ≤3%. By constructing this independent, movable unit, the traditional open and uncontrollable bottom sediment environment is transformed into a closed and adjustable artificial habitat.

[0010] Phase Two: Implementing intelligent dynamic ecological regulation.

[0011] Throughout the entire shellfish farming cycle, the integrated intelligent monitoring and control system performs the following coordinated regulation and control on the farming unit and its internal environment:

[0012] Intelligent control of water depth and desiccation: Based on real-time feedback from sensors regarding water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and season, the submersion depth of the aquaculture units is automatically adjusted. For example, the depth is increased during hot seasons to lower the temperature and block light, while the depth is decreased during cold seasons to maintain warmth; when dissolved oxygen is too low, the units are automatically raised to enhance gas exchange. Simultaneously, the aquaculture units are periodically exposed to the water surface for short periods of desiccation (e.g., 1-2 times per week, 4-8 hours each time) to oxidize the bottom sediment surface, inhibit anaerobic bacteria, and strengthen the shellfish.

[0013] Micro-aeration control of bottom mud: Intermittent, low-intensity aeration (intensity 0.1-0.4 L / min·m) is achieved by installing microporous aeration pipes at the bottom of the aquaculture unit to aerate the mud layer. 2 It is particularly activated at night or after rainfall when water quality is prone to deterioration, aiming to increase the redox potential (Eh) of bottom sediment, with a target value of ≥-100mV, and effectively inhibit the formation of harmful substances such as hydrogen sulfide.

[0014] Targeted microbial regulation: Specific functional microbial agents are periodically (e.g., monthly) added to the sediment layer via a dosing system. These include nitrifying / denitrifying bacteria to reduce ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, Bacillus to accelerate organic matter decomposition, and EM bacteria to stabilize the microecology. Through microbial methods, the health of the sediment is maintained in the long term.

[0015] Phase 3: Conduct non-destructive harvesting.

[0016] After the culture cycle ends, there is no need to disturb large areas of bottom sediment. Simply operate the intelligent lifting system to raise the entire culture unit above the water surface, and the shellfish can be easily separated from the sediment layer within the unit (e.g., through rinsing and screening). This method has high harvesting efficiency, causes almost no damage to the original benthic environment of the culture water, and is particularly beneficial to the stability of other organisms in the polyculture system.

[0017] The present invention also provides an intelligent aquaculture device for implementing the above method, the device comprising:

[0018] Liftable aquaculture unit: Typically a rectangular frame made of corrosion-resistant PVC or HDPE, with approximately 30% perforation or covered with mesh on the bottom and side walls to ensure water exchange. A double-layer mesh can be installed inside the frame: an inner layer of large-mesh protective mesh to prevent shellfish from abrading the outer layer, and an outer layer of fine mesh to prevent sediment loss. The unit is used to hold conditioned sediment and shellfish.

[0019] Intelligent lifting system: It usually consists of a vertical slide rail, a float positioning device and an electric winch. It is connected to the aquaculture unit and can precisely control its lifting and lowering within a water depth range of 0-180 cm.

[0020] Sediment environment control system:

[0021] Micro-aeration device: includes air pump, pipeline and micro-pore aeration pipe (pore diameter 0.5-1 mm) installed at the bottom or 5-10 cm below the breeding unit.

[0022] Microbial dosing module: can be integrated into the unit or via external devices for targeted dosing of liquid or solid microbial preparations.

[0023] Intelligent monitoring and control system:

[0024] Sensor array: Deployed within the aquaculture unit and surrounding water bodies to monitor key parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, oxidation-reduction potential, salinity, and turbidity in real time.

[0025] Controller: Receives all sensor data and has a built-in control logic algorithm. It can automatically or according to manual instructions control the actions of actuators such as the lifting system, aeration device, and dosing module to achieve automated operation of the above methods.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0027] Significantly improves aquaculture habitat and enhances production performance: Through controllable mud filling layers and intelligent regulation, it provides shellfish with a stable and healthy optimal growth environment.

[0028] Effectively prevents sediment deterioration and has outstanding ecological benefits: The three-in-one dynamic dry exposure, micro-aeration and microbial regulation can continuously maintain a high oxidation-reduction potential in the sediment, significantly reduce the concentration of sulfides (by about 50%), fundamentally delay the blackening and aging of the sediment, and make the aquaculture environment more sustainable.

[0029] Achieving precise and intelligent management: Based on real-time data-driven automatic control, it overcomes the extensiveness and lag of traditional farming, making management more precise and labor-saving. Parameters are adjustable, flexibly adapting to the farming needs of different breeds and stages.

[0030] The harvesting method is revolutionary and widely applicable: the lifting harvesting method completely eliminates the destructive bottom mud tillage, making the operation efficient and clean. The aquaculture unit can be used as an independent module and easily integrated into existing fish, shrimp and algae polyculture systems, achieving "multiple uses of one place and ecological complementarity" without mutual interference, greatly improving the utilization rate of land and water.

[0031] This invention provides a feasible path for industrialized and engineered aquaculture: it transforms the traditional aquaculture model, which relies on natural tidal flats, into a controllable engineered production model that can be implemented in wider water areas (such as ponds and harbors), thus contributing to the upgrading of the shellfish aquaculture industry. Attached image description:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a partial structural diagram of the intelligent lifting system and the sediment aeration and microcirculation device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the aquaculture unit and aeration pipes.

[0034] In the diagram, 1. Breeding frame; 2. Intelligent lifting system; 3. Aeration pipe; 4. Air pump; 5. Intelligent monitoring and control system. Detailed implementation method:

[0035] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments:

[0036] A smart aquaculture method for burrowing shellfish based on bottom sediment ecological optimization includes the following steps:

[0037] Step S1: Preparation and filling of bottom mud

[0038] The bottom sediment was taken from the sea area of ​​the place of origin or from the top 0–20 cm of the aquaculture pond;

[0039] Sifting removes shells and large particles;

[0040] Sediment conditioning parameters: moisture content 35–45%; pH value adjusted to 7.5–8.2; organic matter ≤3%, sea sand or EM bacteria added for conditioning if necessary.

[0041] It is then filled at the bottom of the breeding unit. In this embodiment, the breeding unit is a breeding frame with a thickness of about 20cm.

[0042] Step S2: Release of juvenile clams

[0043] Density: 700–1500 grains / m³ 2 (Adjusted according to shellfish species).

[0044] Water depth setting: Submerge the rearing frame to a depth of 50–80 cm and ensure: suitable lighting (avoid strong sunlight exposure for juvenile clams); stable water temperature. This will promote rapid burrowing and early settlement, thus improving the survival rate.

[0045] Step S3: Sediment Ecological Regulation Stage (Growth Stage)

[0046] (1) Dynamic water depth regulation control

[0047] Dynamic adjustments are made based on seasonal changes, water temperature, and tide levels, as shown in Table 1:

[0048] Table 1

[0049] period Water depth adjustment range Regulation purpose Spring low water temperature 60–90cm Insulation and stabilization of mud temperature Summer high temperatures 80–120cm Cooling down and protecting from the sun Low salt content during the rainy season 40–70cm Beneficial for adjusting the salt content of shellfish Late stage of aquaculture 30–60cm Enhanced sediment oxidation promotes growth

[0050] Regulation rules:

[0051] If DO < 4 mg / L, automatically raise the depth by 10–20 cm; if the water temperature > 30℃, deepen the depth to ≥ 100 cm.

[0052] (2) Dry Dew Cycle Control

[0053] The aquaculture frames are periodically exposed above the water surface via intelligent lifting: adjustments are made based on the degree of organic matter accumulation in the bottom sediment and weather conditions (avoiding extreme high / low temperatures). Typically, during low tide or in sunny weather, the aquaculture frames can be raised above the water surface for short periods of dry exposure (e.g., 1-2 times per week, 4-8 hours each time).

[0054] Dry dew frequency: 1-2 times per week;

[0055] Dry dew duration: approximately 4 hours each time;

[0056] Functions: Enhances surface oxidation of sediment, increases Eh value; inhibits anaerobic bacteria and hydrogen sulfide; improves shellfish tolerance and promotes shell reinforcement.

[0057] (3) Regulation of micro-aeration of bottom sediment

[0058] Aeration mode: Turn on at night or after rain;

[0059] Intermittent aeration: 30 minutes on / 90 minutes off.

[0060] Aeration rate: 0.1–0.3 L / min·m 2

[0061] Target value: Eh ≥ –100mV

[0062] Technical effects: Reduces black odor and inhibits hydrogen sulfide.

[0063] (4) Microbial regulation

[0064] Add any combination from Table 2 each month:

[0065] Table 2

[0066] Microbial species effect Nitrifying / Denitrifying Bacteria Reduce ammonia nitrogen and nitrite Bacillus Degradation of organic matter EM bacteria Improve the overall stability of the bottom sediment micro-ecosystem

[0067] Dosage: 5–10 g / m³ 2 (Concentrated powder) or 50–100 mL / m 2 (Liquid preparation)

[0068] Step S4: Inspection and Intelligent Monitoring Adjustment

[0069] Automatic adjustment will be implemented when the following indicators are monitored:

[0070] pH < 7.2: Add calcium carbonate or adjust water depth

[0071] ORP <–150mV: Initiate aeration + dry dew treatment

[0072] Shellfish have difficulty burrowing into mud: increase sand content

[0073] Water temperature >32℃: Increase water depth to ≥100cm

[0074] Step S5: Intelligent Harvesting

[0075] The harvesting method of this invention does not require tilling the bottom mud; the specific operation is as follows:

[0076] 1. Pull up the intelligent lifting winch to raise the aquaculture frame above the water surface;

[0077] 2. Pour out or rinse the harvested product directly;

[0078] 3. Keep the bottom sediment intact to avoid damaging the benthic environment.

[0079] In this embodiment, the device is as follows: Figure 1-2 As shown, it consists of the following parts:

[0080] Liftable aquaculture frame 1, dimensions: 1.5m long, 1.0m wide, 40cm high. Frame material: corrosion-resistant PVC or HDPE; 30% perforation at the bottom and sides; double-layer mesh inside the frame: outer 0.8mm fine mesh (to prevent mud leakage) + inner 3-5mm large-mesh protective mesh (to prevent shellfish abrasion). The mud filling layer is 10–30cm thick, adjustable according to different aquaculture stages. Its function is to simulate natural bottom mud, providing a burial substrate, and allowing for overall lifting and harvesting.

[0081] The intelligent lifting system 2 adopts a structure of sliding rails + float positioning + electric winch. A float is installed above each frame, and the frame is connected to a fixed frame on the pond edge via pulley blocks and an electric winch, forming the intelligent lifting system. Its adjustment range is 0–180cm in the water column. This allows for real-time adjustment of the frame depth based on water quality, tide level, and weather conditions, achieving dynamic control of light, temperature, and dew intensity.

[0082] The bottom sediment aeration and microcirculation device includes an aeration pipe 3 and an air pump 4. In this embodiment, the aeration pipe 3 has air holes with a diameter of 0.5–1 mm, and the aeration pipe 3 is arranged at the bottom of the aquaculture frame or 5–10 cm below the frame. The aeration pipe 3 is connected to the small air pump 4 on the shore via a flexible hose. When in use, the aeration intensity is 0.1–0.4 L / min·m. 2 (Low intensity, minimal disturbance, no mud stirring). This can improve the redox state of the bottom sediment, increase Eh≥–100mV, and inhibit hydrogen sulfide formation.

[0083] The microbial preparation dosing module is equipped with a feeding port for adding denitrifying bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus, and organic matter-degrading bacteria. This helps maintain the long-term stability of the microbial structure and physicochemical properties of the bottom sediment, and improves the tolerance of shellfish.

[0084] The intelligent monitoring and control system 5 includes a sensor array and a controller. The sensor array is deployed within the aquaculture unit and the surrounding water body to monitor key parameters such as DO, pH, temperature, ORP, turbidity, salinity, bottom sediment temperature, and bottom sediment Eh in real time. The controller receives all sensor data. The controller is a PLC with built-in control logic algorithms and can automatically or according to manual commands control the actions of actuators such as the lifting system, aeration device, and dosing module to achieve automated operation of the above methods. At the same time, the data from the sensor array is linked with the lifting system to achieve automatic periodic control.

[0085] Compared with the traditional bottom seeding method, the present invention has the following technical advantages, as shown in Table 3.

[0086] Table 3

[0087] index This invention Traditional bottom seeding Technical effect Survival rate 58.1-81.9％ 43.5-66.3％ Significant improvement Bottom mud Eh -100.2~20.5mV -210.3~-17.9mV Significant improvement <![CDATA[Sediment sulfide (S 2 -)]]> 52.4-122.7 mg / kg 58.9-228.1 mg / kg Significantly reduced Harvesting efficiency Mechanical lifting frame Artificial sediment tillage Save time and effort

[0088] This method significantly reduces labor intensity while avoiding interference with other farmed organisms in the polyculture system, such as crabs and shrimp.

[0089] The above description only illustrates preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. Any equivalent procedural modifications made using this specification are included within the patent protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent aquaculture of burrowing shellfish based on bottom sediment ecological optimization, characterized in that: include, S1, Constructing a controllable ecological aquaculture unit: Set up aquaculture frames or net cages that can be raised and lowered in the aquaculture water area as aquaculture units, and fill them with bottom mud that has been conditioned to form a mud filling layer for shellfish to bury. S2, Implementing intelligent dynamic ecological regulation: During the aquaculture process, based on real-time monitored environmental parameters, the intelligent control system performs the following coordinated regulation operations on the aquaculture unit: S2.1, Water Depth and Dry-Dry Control: Based on seasonal, water temperature and dissolved oxygen data, automatically adjust the depth of the aquaculture unit and implement periodic dry-dry operations; S2.2, Bottom sediment aeration control: By deploying micro-aeration devices at or near the bottom of the filling layer, the bottom sediment is intermittently aerated to improve its oxidation-reduction state. S2.3, Microbial regulation: Periodically add microbial agents containing nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria or Bacillus to the filler layer to optimize the bottom sediment microecology; S3, Non-destructive harvesting: After the aquaculture cycle is completed, the shellfish are directly removed from the unit by raising the aquaculture unit above the water surface.

2. The intelligent aquaculture method for burrowing shellfish based on bottom sediment ecological optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the moisture content of the conditioned sediment is controlled at 35%-45%, the pH value is 7.5-8.2, and the organic matter content is ≤3%.

3. The intelligent aquaculture method for burrowing shellfish based on bottom sediment ecological optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2.1, the water depth adjustment specifically involves: When the water temperature is above 30℃, adjust the depth of the aquaculture unit to ≥100cm; When the dissolved oxygen in the water is detected to be below 4 mg / L, the aquaculture unit will be automatically raised by 10-20 cm and the aeration device will be turned on at the same time. The periodic dew operation is performed 1-2 times per week, each lasting 4-8 hours.

4. The intelligent aquaculture method for burrowing shellfish based on bottom sediment ecological optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2.2, the intermittent aeration is activated at night or after rainfall, using a cycle of 30 minutes on and 90 minutes off, with an aeration intensity of 0.1-0.4 L / min·m. 2 .

5. The intelligent aquaculture method for burrowing shellfish based on bottom sediment ecological optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2.3, the microbial preparation is added once a month at a dosage of 5-10 g / m³. 2 Or 50-100mL / m 2 .

6. The intelligent aquaculture method for burrowing shellfish based on bottom sediment ecological optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2.3, the aquaculture unit is a frame with holes or mesh on the bottom and side walls, and a double-layer mesh inside, with the outer layer being a fine mesh to prevent mud leakage and the inner layer being a protective mesh to prevent shellfish from being abraded.

7. A buried-type intelligent shellfish farming device for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: include, A liftable aquaculture unit, the interior of which is used to accommodate mud layers and shellfish; An intelligent lifting system, connected to the aquaculture unit, is used to drive it to rise and fall in the water; The sediment environment control system includes an aeration device for micro-aeration of the sediment layer and an addition module for adding microbial agents. The intelligent monitoring and control system includes a sensor array for monitoring environmental parameters and a controller for receiving sensor signals and controlling the lifting system and environmental control system.

8. The burrowing-type intelligent shellfish farming device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The liftable aquaculture unit is a frame made of corrosion-resistant material, and its lifting range is between 0-180cm in water depth.

9. The burrowing-type intelligent shellfish farming device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The aeration pipes of the aeration device are installed at the bottom or 5-10cm below the aquaculture unit.

10. The burrowing-type intelligent shellfish farming device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The parameters monitored by the sensor array include at least dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, redox potential, and salinity.

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