Mobile treatment device and method for preparing solid organic fertilizer by pyrolysis and catalysis of biomass solid waste

Abstract

The invention discloses a mobile treatment device and method for preparing a solid organic fertilizer by pyrolysis and catalysis of biomass solid waste, all units are integrated on a mobile unit, and a pretreatment unit, a metering and conveying unit, a mixing and drying unit, a pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit, a tail gas treatment unit and a forming and packaging unit are sequentially arranged from the front end to the rear end; and the matched power unit and the control unit realize cooperative operation. The method comprises the following steps: after on-site deployment, obtaining biomass powder with a preset particle size through the pretreatment unit, quantitatively adding an additive through the metering conveying unit, mixing, drying, feeding into the pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit for reaction, carrying out combustion and secondary adsorption purification on tail gas, and grinding, granulating and packaging a solid product to obtain the solid organic fertilizer with the particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm. According to the invention, on-site rapid treatment of biomass solid waste is realized, and the product is rich in humus and various mineral elements, has the characteristics of convenient movement, efficient treatment, environmental friendliness, excellent fertilizer efficiency and the like, and is suitable for scattered scenes such as farmlands and orchards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of solid waste resource utilization and agricultural technology, specifically to a mobile biomass solid waste pyrolysis catalytic production of solid organic fertilizer and its processing device and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the continuous development of agriculture and forestry in my country, the output of biomass solid waste is increasing rapidly. This mainly includes crop straw, garden pruning waste, fruit and vegetable processing residues, and livestock manure. Traditional methods of disposing of these wastes, such as open burning, simple landfilling, or indiscriminate dumping, not only waste valuable biomass resources but also cause a series of serious environmental problems, including air pollution, water eutrophication, soil degradation, and greenhouse gas emissions.

[0003] Currently, one of the mainstream directions for the resource utilization of biomass solid waste is to convert it into stable, high-value humus, i.e., composting. Traditional composting technologies typically employ static stacking or trough fermentation, relying on the decomposition of natural microorganisms. However, this process generally suffers from inherent drawbacks such as long fermentation cycles (usually several months), large land areas required, and low processing efficiency. Furthermore, during fermentation, improper ventilation, temperature, and moisture control can easily generate foul odors and attract mosquitoes and flies, causing secondary pollution. Although various reactor-type composting systems have emerged in recent years, improving processing efficiency and environmental friendliness to some extent, these systems are mostly fixed, large-scale facilities with high construction and operating costs and limited processing range. This results in a large amount of dispersed, small-scale biomass solid waste (e.g., waste distributed across vast farmlands, urban communities, or remote mountainous areas) being difficult to effectively treat due to excessively high collection and transportation costs, creating a "blind spot" in waste management.

[0004] Compared to existing technologies, many focus on fixed, factory-style processing methods. For example, patent publication number CN106905072A, while achieving rapid straw humification, relies on fixed smoldering furnaces and humification reactors, and the processing cycle still requires 7-10 days. Patent publication number CN119263899A is a room-temperature composting process; although it uses a composite microbial system, the fermentation cycle is as long as 20-27 days and does not involve mobile equipment. Patent publication number CN119281799A focuses on the on-site resource utilization of humus from municipal solid waste screenings; its core technology lies in an in-situ aeration fermentation system. Installing aeration pipes at the bottom of the fermentation unit covered by a polymer intelligent membrane and adding high-temperature fermentation agents for treatment is essentially a fixed-site treatment solution for specific materials; Patent publication number CN113735641A is a municipal solid waste humification and sorting device with a complex process. It is also a fixed production line, focusing on purifying humic substances through multi-stage sorting rather than rapid bioconversion; Patent publication number CN116063694A uses a hydrolysis-oxidation method to convert agricultural and forestry waste into humic acid salts within a few hours. However, this process involves chemical processes such as adding acid, alkali, and oxidants, and the equipment is a fixed reaction vessel, which cannot achieve mobile operation.

[0005] Therefore, developing a mobile biomass solid waste pyrolysis catalytic production solid organic fertilizer treatment device and method that can directly reach the source of waste generation, achieve rapid and efficient conversion, and be environmentally controllable has become an urgent need to solve the above pain points and promote the "on-site and nearby" resource utilization of biomass solid waste. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, the first objective of this invention is to provide a mobile biomass solid waste pyrolysis catalytic production solid organic fertilizer processing device that can be driven directly to the field to achieve rapid and continuous processing of biomass solid waste and directly produce powdered organic solid fertilizer.

[0007] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for producing solid organic fertilizer from biomass solid waste using a mobile biomass solid waste pyrolysis catalysis device. By pre-setting process parameters and coordinating the operation of each unit, a closed-loop process for biomass solid waste is achieved, from pretreatment, additive formulation, mixing and drying, pyrolysis catalysis to exhaust gas purification and product formation. This ensures efficient and clean processing and stable fertilizer effect of the product, providing a simple and environmentally friendly technical solution for the resource utilization of decentralized biomass solid waste.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A mobile biomass solid waste pyrolysis catalytic production solid organic fertilizer processing device includes: Mobile unit, which is used to carry various units and move operations; A pretreatment unit, located at the front end of the mobile unit, is used to crush, pulverize, and premix biomass solid waste to obtain biomass powder of a preset particle size. A metering and conveying unit, located at the front end of the moving unit, is used to store at least one additive among catalyst, oxidant and surfactant, and can quantitatively convey the additive to the downstream unit according to the amount of biomass powder processed. A mixing and drying unit is located in the middle of the moving unit and downstream of the pretreatment unit. It is connected to the pretreatment unit and the metering and conveying unit, respectively, and is used to mix biomass powder with additives and to rapidly dehydrate and dry the mixture. A pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit is located in the middle of the moving unit and downstream of the mixing and drying unit. It is used to carry out a pyrolysis catalytic reaction on the dried mixture under preset temperature and pressure conditions to generate solid products and exhaust gas rich in humic substances. An exhaust gas treatment unit is located at the rear end of the mobile unit and connected to the exhaust gas emission end of the pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit, and is used to purify the exhaust gas generated by the reaction. A forming and packaging unit is located at the rear end of the moving unit and connected to the solid product outlet end of the pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit. It is used to grind, granulate and quantitatively package the solid product. A power unit, which is mounted on the mobile unit, is used to provide a power source for each unit; A control unit is disposed on the mobile unit and is electrically connected to the pretreatment unit, the metering and conveying unit, the mixing and drying unit, the pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit, the exhaust gas treatment unit, the molding and packaging unit and the power unit, respectively, for monitoring and controlling the operating status and process parameters of each unit.

[0009] According to one example, the pretreatment unit includes a crusher, a first feeder, a pulverizer, a mixer, and a second feeder connected sequentially along the material flow direction; the crusher is a tracked crusher used to crush biomass solid waste to 20 mesh; the pulverizer is an ultrafine pulverizer used to further pulverize the crushed material to 100-200 mesh; and the mixer is a twin-shaft paddle mixer used to premix the biomass powder.

[0010] According to one example, the metering and conveying unit includes a catalyst storage tank, an oxidant storage tank, and a surfactant storage tank, and each storage tank is equipped with an automatic metering and feeding unit at its outlet. The automatic metering and feeding unit is electrically connected to the control unit and delivers additives in a preset ratio according to the amount of biomass powder processed by the pretreatment unit.

[0011] According to one example, the mixing and drying unit includes a twin-screw extruder kneader and a microwave-heated vacuum dryer arranged in series.

[0012] According to one example, the pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit is a rotary kiln pyrolysis boiler, which includes an inclined rotary cylinder, a heating section disposed on the circumferential wall of the cylinder, and a lifting plate and stirring blades disposed inside the cylinder.

[0013] According to one example, the exhaust gas treatment unit includes an exhaust gas combustion chamber, a first adsorption tower, and a second adsorption tower connected sequentially along the exhaust gas flow direction; the exhaust gas combustion chamber is equipped with a combustion air supply unit for heating the exhaust gas to above 800°C for combustion and decomposition; the first adsorption tower is filled with activated carbon or molecular sieves, and the second adsorption tower is filled with alkaline adsorbent.

[0014] According to one example, the forming and packaging unit includes a grinder, a granulator, and a packaging machine arranged in series; the grinder is a roller mill or a ball mill for grinding solid products to less than 50 mesh; the granulator is a disc granulator or an extrusion granulator for processing granules with a particle size of 0.1 to 0.5 mm; and the packaging machine is used for quantitative packaging of the granular products.

[0015] A method for producing solid organic fertilizer using a mobile biomass solid waste pyrolysis catalytic treatment device, comprising the following steps: The mobile unit is provided to move the processing device to the biomass solid waste generation site; The pretreatment unit sequentially crushes, pulverizes, and premixes the biomass solid waste to obtain biomass powder of a preset particle size. The additives are quantitatively delivered to the biomass powder in a preset ratio through the metering and conveying unit, and then mixed and dehydrated and dried by the mixing and drying unit. The dried mixture is fed into the pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit and subjected to pyrolysis catalytic reaction under preset temperature and pressure conditions to generate solid products and exhaust gas rich in humic substances. The exhaust gas generated by the reaction is sequentially subjected to combustion decomposition and secondary adsorption purification by the exhaust gas treatment unit to achieve emission standards. The solid product is sequentially ground, granulated, and quantitatively packaged by the molding and packaging unit to obtain a solid organic fertilizer product.

[0016] According to one example, the additive includes a catalyst, an oxidant, and a surfactant, wherein the mass ratio of the biomass powder to the catalyst, the oxidant, and the surfactant is 100:(0.5-1.5):(0.5-5):(0.5-30); wherein the catalyst is a metal oxide, the oxidant is one or more of potassium salts, calcium compounds, or alkaline solid waste, and the surfactant is a peroxide or water.

[0017] According to one example, the temperature of the pyrolysis catalytic reaction is controlled at 200–300°C, and the reaction time is 1–4 hours. During the dehydration and drying process of the mixing and drying unit, the moisture content of the material is reduced to below 10%.

[0018] The present invention has the following advantages: This invention relates to a mobile biomass solid waste pyrolysis catalytic extraction solid organic fertilizer treatment device. It integrates biological humification technology with mobile equipment, optimizing the overall structure and layout to achieve on-site, rapid, and clean treatment of dispersed biomass solid waste, filling the gaps in flexibility, efficiency, and scenario adaptability of existing technologies. Using a vehicle chassis or container as a carrier, the device employs a highly integrated layout, combining pretreatment, metering and mixing, drying, pyrolysis catalysis, exhaust gas purification, molding and packaging, power, and control units into one unit. Its structural design overturns the traditional collection-transportation-centralized treatment model, providing a completely new solution for the resource utilization of dispersed agricultural and forestry solid waste.

[0019] From an overall layout perspective, the device adopts a modular design with front-end pretreatment, central core reaction, and rear-end environmental protection and packaging. The pretreatment unit and metering and conveying unit are arranged side-by-side at the front of the mobile unit, utilizing space while shortening the material transfer path. The mixing and drying unit and pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit are centrally located, while the exhaust gas treatment unit and packaging unit are located at the rear, achieving environmental compliance and standardized product output. This layout not only improves space utilization but also enables efficient linkage between the various units. Furthermore, the device supports both single-vehicle integration and dual-vehicle tandem configurations. In dual-vehicle mode, the pretreatment unit and core treatment unit can be respectively mounted and connected via detachable pipelines, adapting to segmented operations involving large-scale dispersed solid waste and enhancing scenario adaptability.

[0020] In terms of processing efficiency, the integrated process of ultrafine grinding, microwave vacuum drying, and low-temperature catalytic pyrolysis shortens the traditional composting cycle from several months to hours. Ultrafine grinding increases the material reaction area, microwave vacuum drying completes dehydration in 5-10 minutes at 40-80℃, and low-temperature catalytic pyrolysis achieves humification in 1-4 hours at 200-300℃. Regarding product quality, through the proportioning of the metering and conveying unit and the directional reaction of the pyrolysis unit, under the synergistic effect of metal oxide catalysts and oxidants, the product has higher humic acid and soluble organic matter content than traditional compost, and is rich in various mineral elements, realizing the transformation of waste into high-value-added fertilizer.

[0021] The entire system adopts a closed structure. Material is conveyed via a vacuum feeder, controlling dust escape at the source. A high-temperature combustion and two-stage adsorption exhaust gas treatment unit is installed at the rear to ensure exhaust emissions meet standards. The power unit can be configured with multiple modes, including diesel generator, external power supply, and photovoltaic power generation, making it suitable for operation in remote areas. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the mobile biomass solid waste pyrolysis catalytic production of solid organic fertilizer according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the mobile biomass solid waste pyrolysis catalytic production of solid organic fertilizer method of the present invention.

[0024] Among them, 1 is the moving unit, 2 is the pretreatment unit, 201 is the crusher, 202 is the first feeder and pulverizer, 203 is the pulverizer, 204 is the mixer, 205 is the second feeder, 3 is the metering and conveying unit, 301 is the catalyst storage tank, 302 is the oxidant storage tank, 303 is the surfactant storage tank, 304 is the automatic metering and feeding unit, 4 is the mixing and drying unit, 401 is the twin-screw extruder kneader, 402 is the microwave heating vacuum dryer, 5 is the pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit, 501 is the rotary kiln pyrolysis boiler, 6 is the tail gas treatment unit, 7 is the forming and packaging unit, 701 is the grinder, 702 is the granulator, 703 is the packaging machine, 8 is the power unit, and 9 is the control unit. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods, and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods, and equipment in this technical field. Test methods in the following embodiments that do not specify specific experimental conditions are generally performed under conventional experimental conditions. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and raw materials used in the present invention are commercially available.

[0026] Reference Figure 1This invention illustrates a specific embodiment of a mobile biomass solid waste pyrolysis catalytic production solid organic fertilizer processing device. The device mainly includes a mobile unit 1, which integrates a pretreatment unit 2, a metering and conveying unit 3, a mixing and drying unit 4, a pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit 5, a tail gas treatment unit 6, and a forming and packaging unit 7. Through the orderly connection and functional cooperation of each unit, the entire process of continuous operation can be realized, from on-site reception, pretreatment, additive ratio, mixing and drying, low-temperature pyrolysis catalysis, to tail gas purification treatment and solid product forming and packaging. No additional site construction is required, which is suitable for the on-site resource utilization needs of decentralized solid waste generation scenarios such as farmland, orchards, and woodlands.

[0027] Since each of the pretreatment unit 2, metering and conveying unit 3, mixing and drying unit 4, pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit 5, exhaust gas treatment unit 6, and forming and packaging unit 7 constituting the processing apparatus has multiple types of equipment or devices to choose from, and each type of equipment or device has different performance and function, it is necessary to configure appropriate processing units according to the type of equipment or device selected. The combination of these different working units can constitute various combined devices. Therefore, those skilled in the art can, based on the concept of this invention, as an option, select suitable working units according to the expected solid organic fertilizer product to construct a specific processing apparatus. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the processing device of the present invention selects a tracked crusher 201, an ultrafine pulverizer 203, a twin-shaft paddle mixer 204 and a vacuum feeder as pretreatment unit 2; a catalyst storage tank 301, an oxidant storage tank 302, a surfactant storage tank 303 and a matching metering pump as metering and conveying unit 3; a twin-screw extruder kneader 401 and a microwave-heated vacuum dryer 402 as mixing and drying unit 4; a catalytic reaction rotary kiln pyrolysis boiler 501 as pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit 5; a tail gas combustion chamber and an adsorption tower as tail gas treatment unit 6; and a grinder 701, a granulator 702 and a packaging machine 703 as forming and packaging unit 7. The combined device or device assembly composed of the above-mentioned equipment can realize a closed-loop operation of the entire process of biomass solid waste from on-site reception and pretreatment to pyrolysis catalysis, clean exhaust gas emission and standardized product formation through the coordinated linkage of each unit. It can not only adapt to the treatment needs of different types of biomass solid waste, but also ensure the stability of humus content and mineral element ratio in solid organic fertilizer products. At the same time, it can significantly reduce solid waste collection and transportation costs and site dependence, and has the technical advantages of convenient mobility, high efficiency and environmental friendliness.

[0028] The mobile unit 1 carries all the units and the mobile operations. Along the front and rear of the mobile unit 1, a pretreatment unit 2, a metering and conveying unit 3, a mixing and drying unit 4, a pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit 5, an exhaust gas treatment unit 6, and a forming and packaging unit 7 are arranged sequentially to form a continuous material flow path from the raw material inlet to the product outlet along the vehicle's travel direction. In an embodiment not shown, the mobile unit 1 includes a mobile platform with a rectangular structure. One end of the mobile platform has a trailer hitch for docking with a vehicle head. The lower part of the mobile platform is equipped with multiple wheels and a fixing part. The pretreatment unit 2, metering and conveying unit 3, mixing and drying unit 4, pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit 5, exhaust gas treatment unit 6, and forming and packaging unit 7 are all located on the mobile platform. Specifically, there are four wheels, fixed to the four corners of the bottom of the mobile platform. The fixing part includes four hydraulic lifting structures, each located near one of the four wheels. Each hydraulic lifting structure includes a hydraulic support rod and a driver. The hydraulic support rod is rotatably connected to the top of the mobile platform, and the driver is located at the bottom of the mobile platform to drive the hydraulic support rod to rotate and extend. When the mobile platform needs to be secured, the operator simply controls the hydraulic support rod to rotate, extending it to support the ground and simultaneously lifting the four wheels a certain distance off the ground. This secures the mobile platform and prevents it from shaking or shifting during operation, thus ensuring optimal processing results. Furthermore, the mobile platform is equipped with a cover, the lower part of which is connected to the outer edge of the platform to ensure the safety and stability of each unit during operation.

[0029] In another embodiment, two mobile units 1 can be configured, arranged in series. One mobile unit 1 is equipped only with a pretreatment unit 2, which completes the crushing, pulverizing, premixing, and preliminary conveying of biomass solid waste at the source of solid waste generation. It does not need to carry subsequent reaction and molding units and can flexibly shuttle between various solid waste dumping sites to carry out pretreatment operations. The other mobile unit 1 is equipped with a metering and conveying unit 3, a mixing and drying unit 4, a pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit 5, a tail gas treatment unit 6, and a molding and packaging unit 7. It is responsible for receiving the pretreated biomass powder conveyed by the first mobile unit 1 and completing the core processes of subsequent additive proportioning, mixing and drying, pyrolysis catalysis, tail gas purification, and product molding and packaging. The two mobile units 1 are connected by a detachable material conveying pipeline to adapt to segmented on-site treatment operations for agricultural and forestry solid waste with a wide distribution.

[0030] In one embodiment of this application, the pretreatment unit 2 is located at the front end of the mobile unit 1 and mainly pretreats various biomass solid wastes such as straw, branches, and garden pruning waste. Through crushing, pulverizing and premixing processes, biomass powder with uniform particle size that meets the requirements of subsequent reactions is obtained. The biomass solid waste is processed to a fineness that can pass through a 100-200 mesh sieve and then transported to the downstream mixing and drying unit 4 after premixing.

[0031] The pretreatment unit 2 includes a crusher 201, a first feeder 202, a pulverizer 203, a mixer 204, and a second feeder 205 connected sequentially along the material flow direction. Biomass solid waste is fed into the crusher 201 for preliminary crushing, breaking large pieces of material into coarse material of about 20 mesh, reducing the difficulty of subsequent pulverization. The crushed coarse material is then conveyed to the pulverizer 203 through the first feeder 202 for further pulverization into fine powder of 100-200 mesh. Subsequently, the fine powder enters the mixer 204 for premixing to ensure uniformity of material particle size and composition. Finally, the premixed biomass powder is conveyed to the twin-screw extruder kneader 401 of the mixing and drying unit 4 through the second feeder 205.

[0032] Among them, the crusher 201 is a tracked crusher, which is installed at the front end of the mobile platform. Of course, depending on the type of biomass solid waste being processed, one or more combinations of hammer crushers, roller crushers, or jaw crushers can be selected to optimize the crushing effect. The pulverizer 203 is an ultrafine pulverizer, specifically one of an air jet mill, an impact mill, or a horizontal ball mill, with an air jet mill being more preferred. Both the first feeder 202 and the second feeder 205 are vacuum feeders. Both the first vacuum feeder and the second vacuum feeder adopt conventional models in this field, and their specific structures and working principles will not be described in detail. The suction port of the first vacuum feeder is sealed and connected to the discharge port of the crusher 201, and the discharge port of the first vacuum feeder is connected to the feed port of the pulverizer 203. The second vacuum feeder is set between the discharge port of the mixer 204 and the feed port of the twin-screw extruder kneader 401. The sealed conveying can reduce dust escape during the material conveying process in field conditions. The mixer 204 uses a twin-shaft paddle mixer. Through the counter-rotation of the twin shafts and the stirring action of the paddles, the pre-mixing of biomass powder is achieved, avoiding the problem of uneven concentration in some areas when mixing with additives later.

[0033] The metering and conveying unit 3 is integrated at the front end of the moving unit 1 and is arranged side by side with the pretreatment unit 2. It is used to store and convey catalysts, oxidants, and surfactants, and to achieve precise metering and quantitative delivery of additives according to the biomass powder processing volume of the downstream process. The metering and conveying unit 3 includes a catalyst storage tank 301, an oxidant storage tank 302, and a surfactant storage tank 303. Each storage tank is equipped with an automatic metering and feeding unit 304 at its outlet. The automatic metering and feeding unit 304 is electrically connected to the control unit 9. According to the biomass powder processing volume output by the pretreatment unit 2, it quantitatively delivers additives according to a preset ratio and sends control commands to the automatic metering and feeding unit 304 to drive it to release additives quantitatively according to the ratio.

[0034] The automatic metering and feeding unit 304 mainly includes a metering pump, a flow sensor, and an electromagnetic control valve. The metering pump is a high-precision volumetric metering pump or a diaphragm metering pump. The flow sensor can collect the actual amount of additive delivered in real time. The electromagnetic control valve can quickly cut off or open the feeding pipeline.

[0035] The mixing and drying unit 4 is located in the middle of the moving unit 1 and downstream of the pretreatment unit 2. It is sealed and connected to both the pretreatment unit 2 and the metering and conveying unit 3. It is used to mix biomass powder with additives and to rapidly dehydrate and dry the mixture. The mixing and drying unit 4 includes a twin-screw extruder kneader 401 and a microwave-heated vacuum dryer 402 arranged in series.

[0036] The feed inlet of the twin-screw extruder kneader 401 is connected to the upstream unit via two pipelines. One pipeline is a dosing pipeline, which is connected to the outlet of the catalyst storage tank 301, oxidant storage tank 302 and surfactant storage tank 303 via branch pipelines to receive quantitatively delivered additives. The other pipeline is connected to the outlet of the twin-shaft paddle mixer 204 of the pretreatment unit 2 via the second vacuum feeder to receive the premixed biomass powder. The twin-screw extruder kneader 401 includes a barrel, a twin-helix extrusion shaft disposed within the barrel, a drive unit disposed at the head end of the barrel, and an extrusion outlet disposed at the tail end of the barrel. The twin-helix extrusion shaft has a co-directional or anti-directional meshing structure, with multiple kneading blocks and pushing screw blades arranged alternately along its length. The pushing screw blades are used to forcibly convey the material from the feed end to the discharge end. The kneading blocks fully knead and disperse the material and additives through high shear action, ultimately achieving uniform mixing of biomass powder with catalysts, surfactants, and oxidants, avoiding uneven local composition from affecting subsequent reaction effects.

[0037] The discharge port of the twin-screw extruder kneader 401 is sealed and connected to the inlet of the microwave-heated vacuum dryer 402 via a conveyor. The microwave-heated vacuum dryer 402 includes a drying chamber, a vacuum pump, a microwave heater, and a discharge mechanism. The vacuum pump is used to reduce the pressure inside the drying chamber, thereby lowering the boiling point of water and achieving rapid dehydration at low temperature. The microwave heater operates at a frequency of 915MHz or 2450MHz. It achieves rapid internal heating by penetrating the material through microwaves. Under mild temperature conditions of 40-80℃, the moisture content of the mixture can be reduced to below 10% in just 5-10 minutes, ensuring both dehydration efficiency and maximizing the retention of effective components in the material.

[0038] The pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit 5 is located in the middle of the moving unit 1 and downstream of the mixing and drying unit 4. Under preset low temperature and normal pressure conditions, the material after mixing and drying undergoes a pyrolysis catalytic reaction, which promotes the directional transformation of the material and generates a black powdery solid product rich in humic substances, while a small amount of tail gas is generated.

[0039] The discharge port of the rapid vacuum dryer is connected to the feed port of the pyrolysis boiler via a conveyor. The pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit 5 is a rotary kiln pyrolysis boiler 501, which includes an inclined rotary cylinder, a heating part set on the circumferential wall of the cylinder, and a lifting plate and stirring blades set in the cylinder.

[0040] The rotary drum is horizontally inclined, with its axis tilting at an angle of 2–5° relative to the horizontal. The drum rotates at a speed of 0.8–1.5 r / min. The drum has a feed end and a discharge end at each end. The feed end is sealed to the discharge end of the conveyor in mixing and drying unit 4, while the discharge end connects to the solid product discharge pipeline and the exhaust gas outlet pipeline. A heating element is installed on the circumferential outer wall of the rotary drum. This heating element can be one or a combination of an electric heating jacket, a thermal oil heating coil, or a microwave heater, depending on actual needs. The heating element is connected to an automatic temperature control system via wiring to achieve precise temperature control. The interior of the rotary drum includes circumferentially distributed lifting plates and stirring blades. The lifting plates have an arc-shaped structure and are spaced apart along the drum's axial direction. The stirring blades form a certain angle with the drum's axis and are staggered with the lifting plates. The material moves slowly along the kiln axis under the action of rotation and lifting plates and comes into full contact with the heating surface. It is kept at a temperature of 200-300℃ for 1-4 hours to complete the pyrolysis catalytic reaction.

[0041] The exhaust gas treatment unit 6 is located at the rear end of the mobile unit 1 and is connected to the exhaust gas emission end of the pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit 5. It is used to purify the exhaust gas generated by the reaction and ensure that it meets emission standards. The exhaust gas treatment unit 6 includes an exhaust gas combustion chamber, a first adsorption tower, and a second adsorption tower connected sequentially along the exhaust gas flow direction. The air inlet of the exhaust gas combustion chamber is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the pyrolysis boiler through a pipeline. The combustion air supply unit is equipped inside the combustion chamber and includes an air pump, a flow regulating valve, and an air distribution duct. By controlling the supply of combustion air, the exhaust gas is ensured to be heated to a high temperature of over 800°C in the combustion chamber, so that the tar, volatile organic compounds, and other combustible components in it are fully combusted and decomposed into carbon dioxide and water, thereby reducing the concentration of pollutants.

[0042] The exhaust gas combustion chamber's outlet is connected to the inlet of the first adsorption tower. The first adsorption tower is a cylindrical sealed container filled with activated carbon or molecular sieve adsorption material to efficiently capture residual trace organic matter, particulate matter, and some acidic gas precursors in the exhaust gas after combustion, achieving preliminary purification of the exhaust gas. The outlet of the first adsorption tower is connected to the inlet of the second adsorption tower. The second adsorption tower is also a cylindrical sealed container filled with alkaline adsorbent, used to specifically adsorb residual acidic gases in the exhaust gas. Through acid-base neutralization reaction, harmful acidic components are thoroughly removed, completing deep purification of the exhaust gas.

[0043] The forming and packaging unit 7 is located at the rear end of the moving unit 1, arranged side by side with the exhaust gas treatment unit 6. It is connected to the solid product outlet of the pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit 5 via a pipeline, and is used for grinding, granulating, and quantitatively packaging the solid product. The forming and packaging unit 7 includes a grinder 701, a granulator 702, and a packaging machine 703 arranged in series. The feed inlet of the grinder 701 is connected to the solid product outlet at the bottom of the pyrolysis boiler via a pipeline, and is used to receive the black powdery solid product after pyrolysis. The grinder 701 can be a roller mill 701 or a ball mill, used to grind the solid product to less than 50 mesh. The discharge outlet of the grinder 701 is connected to the feed inlet of the granulator 702 via a conveyor. The granulator 702 can be a disc granulator 702 or an extrusion granulator 702, used to process particles with a particle size of 0.1–0.5 mm. The discharge port of the granulator 702 is connected to the inlet of the packaging machine 703 via a conveyor. The packaging machine 703 is an automatic quantitative packaging machine used for quantitative packaging of granular products. The grinding mill 701, granulator 702 and packaging machine 703 mentioned above all adopt conventional and mature models in the field. Their specific working principles and basic structures will not be described in detail. Those skilled in the art can directly select and adapt them according to actual operation requirements.

[0044] Power unit 8 is mounted on mobile unit 1 and provides power for the operation of pretreatment unit 2, metering and conveying unit 3, mixing and drying unit 4, pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit 5, exhaust gas treatment unit 6, and forming and packaging unit 7. Power unit 8 includes a diesel generator set, an external power interface, or photovoltaic power generation components to meet the power requirements of decentralized on-site treatment of agricultural and forestry solid waste. The diesel generator set is suitable for field scenarios without external power and can independently power all unit equipment. The external power interface is connected to the power distribution control cabinet of mobile unit 1 via a cable. The photovoltaic power generation components are mounted on the top of the housing of mobile unit 1 or on a foldable extended bracket via a bracket.

[0045] The control unit 9 is located on the mobile unit 1 and is electrically connected to the pretreatment unit 2, metering and conveying unit 3, mixing and drying unit 4, pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit 5, exhaust gas treatment unit 6, molding and packaging unit 7 and power unit 8 via cables or communication lines. It is used to monitor and control the operating status and process parameters of each unit.

[0046] In one embodiment, the control unit 9 uses a PLC or industrial computer as the core controller and communicates with sensors and detection devices deployed in each unit via industrial Ethernet or fieldbus. For example, temperature sensors are respectively arranged in the rotary cylinder of the pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit 5 and the drying chamber of the mixing and drying unit 4 to collect reaction temperature and drying temperature in real time; pressure sensors are installed in the pyrolysis boiler, adsorption tower and vacuum drying chamber to monitor internal pressure changes; weighing sensors are installed at the discharge end of the pretreatment unit 2 and the bottom of the storage tank of the metering and conveying unit 3 to collect the material processing volume and the amount of additive remaining; an online moisture content detection device is installed at the discharge end of the mixing and drying unit 4 to provide real-time feedback on the material drying effect; and an online exhaust gas monitoring device is connected to the outlet pipeline of the exhaust gas treatment unit 6 to monitor the pollutant concentration of the purified exhaust gas.

[0047] The control unit 9 is equipped with a touchscreen human-machine interface, allowing operators to intuitively view the operating data of each unit, such as temperature, pressure, material flow rate, and equipment start-up / shutdown status. Key process parameters can also be directly set, such as pyrolysis temperature (200-300℃), drying time (5-10 min), and additive ratio. Based on preset control logic, the controller can automatically achieve coordinated control of each unit. For example, it can automatically adjust the additive delivery rate of the metering and conveying unit 3 based on the material processing volume of the pretreatment unit 2; dynamically adjust the power of the microwave vacuum dryer based on moisture content detection data; and immediately trigger the tail gas combustion chamber to heat up or issue an alarm signal if the exhaust gas monitoring data exceeds the standard. Furthermore, the control unit 9 is also equipped with a fault alarm. When the sensor detects abnormal parameters, it will immediately display the fault location and cause on the human-machine interface and can trigger the shutdown of the corresponding unit.

[0048] Reference Figure 2 This application also provides a method for producing solid organic fertilizer using the above-mentioned mobile biomass solid waste pyrolysis catalytic treatment device, comprising the following steps: S1. Provide a mobile unit 1 to pull or move the treatment device to the biomass solid waste generation site such as farmland, orchard, or forest, so that the treatment device can be parked in a flat area adjacent to the solid waste dumping point, and the treatment device can be supported by the hydraulic lifting and fixing part of the mobile unit 1.

[0049] S2. The pretreatment unit 2 continuously pre-treats biomass solid waste such as straw, branches, and garden pruning waste. First, the solid waste is fed into the tracked crusher 201 for pre-crushing to obtain coarse material with a particle size of about 20 mesh. The coarse material is then conveyed to the ultrafine pulverizer 203 through the first vacuum feeder for further crushing to fine powder that can pass through a 100-200 mesh sieve. The fine powder is then fed into the twin-shaft paddle mixer 204 for pre-mixing to ensure uniform particle size. Finally, the powder is conveyed to the twin-screw extruder kneader 401 of the mixing and drying unit 4 through the second vacuum feeder to obtain the pre-treated biomass powder raw material.

[0050] S3. Through the metering and conveying unit 3, various additives are quantitatively conveyed into the twin-screw extruder kneader 401 according to the mass ratio of biomass powder, catalyst: oxidant: surfactant = 100:(0.5~1.5):(0.5~5):(0.5~30). The catalyst is selected from metal oxides, the oxidant is one or more of potassium salts, calcium compounds, or alkaline solid waste, and the surfactant is peroxide or water. More preferably, the catalyst is selected from at least one of γ-Fe2O3 and MnO2, and the oxidant is selected from at least one of CaO and K2CO3. The twin-screw extruder kneader 401 achieves uniform mixing of the material and additives through high shear. The mixed material is then conveyed by a sealed conveyor into a microwave-heated vacuum dryer 402, where it is dried at a temperature of 40~80℃ for 5~10 minutes to reduce the moisture content of the material to below 10%.

[0051] S4. The dried mixture is fed into the rotary kiln pyrolysis boiler 501 of the pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit 5. Under the preset temperature of 200-300℃ and normal pressure, the reaction time is maintained for 1-4 hours to allow the material to undergo directional pyrolysis catalytic reaction, generating a black powdery solid product rich in humus, while producing tail gas containing tar and acidic gases.

[0052] S5-S7. The exhaust gas generated by the reaction is sent to the exhaust gas treatment unit 6 through pipelines, where it undergoes high-temperature combustion decomposition and secondary adsorption purification in sequence. First, the exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber equipped with a combustion air supply unit and is fully combusted at a high temperature of above 800℃, preferably 850-1000℃, to decompose the tar, volatile organic compounds and other combustible components. The exhaust gas after combustion enters the first adsorption tower filled with activated carbon or molecular sieves and the second adsorption tower filled with alkaline adsorbent in sequence. Through adsorption and neutralization reactions, residual trace organic matter, particulate matter and acidic gases are removed, and the exhaust gas finally meets the emission standards.

[0053] The black powdery solid product generated by the pyrolysis catalytic reaction is fed into the forming and packaging unit 7 through pipelines. First, it is further ground by a roller mill 701 or a ball mill until the particle size is less than 50 mesh. The ground powder is then fed into a disc granulator 702 or an extrusion granulator 702, where it is processed into regular particles with a particle size of 0.1 to 0.5 mm under the condition of adding an adhesive. Finally, it is weighed, sealed and packaged by an automatic quantitative packaging machine 703 to obtain the finished solid organic fertilizer. The soluble component accounts for 10 to 30% of the finished product, and it is rich in humus and various mineral elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon and iron. The fertilizer effect is stable and easily absorbed by crops.

[0054] During the implementation of the above method, control unit 9 uses temperature sensors, pressure sensors, weighing sensors, online moisture content detectors, and online exhaust gas monitors to perform closed-loop control of drying temperature, pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis time, material flow rate, and exhaust gas emission parameters throughout the entire process. When the material moisture content or reaction temperature deviates from the preset value, the power of the microwave dryer or the output power of the pyrolysis boiler heating section can be automatically adjusted to ensure the stability of parameters in each process, ultimately achieving uniformity of product quality and compliance of exhaust gas emissions.

[0055] Example 1 In this embodiment, the processing device of the present invention is used to process wheat straw and orchard pruning branches on-site after wheat harvest. The raw materials are mixed at a mass ratio of 7:3 and the initial moisture content is about 25%.

[0056] After pre-crushing by the tracked crusher 201 on the moving unit 1, the material is fed into the ultra-fine pulverizer 203 via the first vacuum feeder and pulverized to a powder that can pass through a 150-mesh sieve. It is then fed into the twin-shaft paddle mixer 204 for pre-mixing for 2 minutes, and then conveyed to the twin-screw extruder kneader 401 via the second vacuum feeder. In the twin-screw extruder kneader 401, γ-Fe₂O₃ catalyst, CaO oxidant, and water are added respectively through the catalyst storage tank 301, oxidant storage tank 302, and surfactant storage tank 303 of the metering and conveying unit 3. The mass ratio of biomass powder to catalyst, oxidant, and water is controlled at 100:1:2:20. The material is then kneaded under high shear at a screw speed of 150 r / min for approximately 3 minutes to obtain a wet mixture.

[0057] The wet mixture was dried in a box-type microwave vacuum dryer at -0.08 MPa and 60°C using a microwave frequency of 2450 MHz for about 8 minutes, reducing the moisture content from about 28% to about 8%. Subsequently, the material entered the rotary kiln pyrolysis boiler 501 for catalytic reaction by gravity. The axis of the rotary kiln was tilted at an angle of about 3° relative to the horizontal. The external heat transfer oil controlled the temperature in three sections: the feeding section, the reaction section, and the discharge section, with temperatures of about 220°C, 250°C, and 240°C, respectively. The material remained in the kiln for about 2 hours, with the average temperature maintained in the range of 240–260°C, completing the low-temperature pyrolysis catalytic reaction to produce black powdery solid products and tail gas.

[0058] The exhaust gas is drawn from the top of the rotary kiln and fully combusted in the exhaust gas combustion chamber at about 900°C. Then, it enters the first adsorption tower filled with columnar activated carbon and the second adsorption tower filled with alkaline adsorbent for secondary absorption / adsorption purification. Online monitoring shows that the emissions of particulate matter, organic matter and acidic gases are all better than the national emission standards.

[0059] The solid product is discharged from the bottom of the rotary kiln, ground to less than 50 mesh by the roller mill 701, and then fed into the extrusion granulator 702. Under the condition of adding about 3% starch-based binder, the product is extruded and granulated to obtain particles with a particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm. Finally, the finished fertilizer is packaged in 25 kg / bags by the automatic quantitative packaging machine 703. The test results show that the organic matter content is ≥60%, the humic acid content is about 18%, the soluble organic matter is about 22%, the total nitrogen is 1.5-1.8%, the total phosphorus (as P2O5) is 1.2-1.4%, the total potassium (as K2O) is 2.0-2.3%, and the total amount of mineral elements such as Ca, Mg, Si, and Fe is about 5-8%.

[0060] Field application trials have shown that, compared with conventional fertilizer programs, applying 600 kg / hm² of fertilizer to two seasons of wheat in the same plot can increase the organic matter content in the topsoil by about 0.3 to 0.5 percentage points, increase the yield by about 8 to 10%, and reduce the amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer by about 30%.

[0061] Example 2 This embodiment verifies the applicability of the processing method of the present invention to a single corn stalk raw material and its parameter adjustment effect. The specific process is as follows: Corn stalks with a moisture content of approximately 20% were selected as the sole raw material. After being crushed by a tracked crusher 201 on the moving unit 1 and lifted by a first vacuum feeder to an ultrafine pulverizer 203 to be pulverized to 100-150 mesh, the mixture was premixed by a twin-shaft paddle mixer 204 and fed into a twin-screw extruder kneader 401 via a second vacuum feeder. In the kneader, MnO2 catalyst, K2CO3 oxidant, and water were added to the catalyst storage tank 301, oxidant storage tank 302, and surfactant storage tank 303 of the metering and conveying unit 3, respectively, so that the mass ratio of biomass powder to catalyst, oxidant, and water was 100:0.8:1.5:15. The mixture was kneaded for approximately 2.5 minutes at a screw speed of 180 r / min to obtain a wet mixture.

[0062] The material was dried in a microwave vacuum dryer at -0.07 MPa and 45°C with a microwave frequency of 2450 MHz for about 6 minutes, reducing the moisture content to about 9%. It was then fed into a rotary kiln pyrolysis boiler 501, where the temperature was controlled at about 220°C. The material remained in the kiln for about 3 hours to complete the low-temperature pyrolysis catalytic reaction. The exhaust gas was purified by combustion and secondary adsorption as described in Example 1, and was discharged in compliance with emission standards.

[0063] The resulting black powdery solid product was ground, extruded, granulated, and packaged to obtain corn straw-based solid organic fertilizer. Testing showed that it contained approximately 18% soluble organic matter, 15% humic acid, and 4.5-5.0% total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O). Its pH was close to neutral but slightly alkaline, making it suitable for improving acidic soils and increasing crop yields. This indicates that by adjusting the catalyst system and process parameters, the treatment method of this invention can achieve efficient humification of different biomass raw materials.

[0064] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example uses the same wheat straw and orchard pruning branches as Example 1, the same pretreatment process and pyrolysis conditions, but no catalyst, oxidant and surfactant are added in the mixing step. The specific steps are as follows: The raw materials are still processed by the tracked crusher 201, the first vacuum feeder, the ultrafine pulverizer 203, the twin-shaft paddle mixer 204 and the second vacuum feeder before entering the twin-screw extrusion kneader 401. However, the catalyst storage tank 301, oxidant storage tank 302 and surfactant storage tank 303 of the metering and conveying unit 3 are discontinued. The twin-screw extrusion kneader 401 only plays a conveying role and does not realize high-shear kneading.

[0065] The material was then dried in a microwave vacuum dryer at 60°C and -0.08 MPa for 8 minutes, and then pyrolyzed in a rotary kiln pyrolysis boiler 501 with the same temperature distribution and residence time of about 2 hours as in Example 1. The exhaust gas treatment method was the same as in Example 1.

[0066] After grinding, granulation and packaging, the obtained black solid product was subjected to physicochemical analysis. The soluble organic matter content was only about 11%, the humic acid content was about 9%, the particle structure was loose and easy to pulverize. In the wheat planting experiment in the same plot with the same amount of fertilizer as in Example 1, the yield was only about 3-4% higher than the blank control, which was significantly lower than the 8-10% yield increase in Example 1.

[0067] The above indicates that under the same low-temperature pyrolysis conditions, the degree of humification and fertilizer efficiency are significantly insufficient without the addition of catalysts / oxidants / surfactants, thus indirectly proving the importance of the combination of additive synergy and extrusion kneading process in this invention.

[0068] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example uses the same wheat straw and orchard pruning branches mixture (mass ratio 7:3) as in Example 1, but does not use the processing device of this invention. Instead, it uses a traditional composting process, the specific steps of which are as follows: Adjust the moisture content of the mixed raw materials to about 60%, pile them into windrows about 1.5m high in an open yard, add a small amount of urea to supplement nitrogen and commercial composting microbial agents, turn the pile every 7-10 days as usual and add water as needed. The total composting cycle is about 90 days. After composting, spread them out to air dry naturally until the moisture content is about 25%, then crush and screen to obtain the compost product.

[0069] Testing of the compost product revealed an organic matter content of approximately 45-50%, a humic acid content of approximately 8%, and a soluble organic matter content of approximately 6-8%. The total nutrient content was significantly lower than that of the product obtained in Example 1, and some nitrogen volatilization loss occurred during the composting process. When applied to the same plot at the same organic mass equivalent to the fertilizer obtained in Example 1, wheat yield increased by approximately 4-5% compared to the control over a continuous growing season. However, the yield increase was still lower than that of Example 1. Furthermore, traditional composting processes are time-consuming, require large land areas, and cannot achieve on-site fertilization and return to the field. The comparative results further demonstrate that the mobile low-temperature catalytic pyrolysis rapid humification process of this invention has significant comprehensive advantages in terms of processing time, product fertilizer efficiency, and operational methods. The comparative results are shown in Table 1.

[0070] Table 1 compares the product properties and agronomic effects of the examples and comparative examples.

[0071] Table 1

[0072] The results show that the present invention can complete the on-site rapid humification treatment of biomass solid waste within hours. The humic acid and soluble organic matter content of the obtained product are significantly higher than those of traditional composting. It has a synergistic effect of increasing production, reducing fertilizer application and reducing emissions, and is suitable for source resource utilization in scattered scenarios such as farmland, orchards and forest land.

[0073] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be considered equivalent substitutions and are included within the protection scope of the present invention. The embodiments described in this disclosure are intended as non-limiting examples, and other embodiments may take various alternative forms. Furthermore, the drawings are not necessarily to scale and may present simplified expressions of various features of the present disclosure, including, for example, specific dimensions, orientations, positions, and shapes. Details associated with such features will be determined in part by the intended application and usage environment of the described embodiments.

[0074] The detailed description and accompanying drawings are supporting and descriptive of this teaching, but the scope of this teaching is defined only by the claims. While some of the best modes and other embodiments for carrying out this teaching have been described in detail, various alternative designs and embodiments exist for practicing the teaching as defined in the appended claims. Furthermore, this disclosure expressly includes combinations and sub-combinations of the elements and features set forth above and below.

Claims

1. A mobile biomass solid waste pyrolysis catalytic extraction device for producing solid organic fertilizer, characterized in that, include: Mobile unit, which is used to carry various units and move operations; A pretreatment unit, located at the front end of the mobile unit, is used to crush, pulverize, and premix biomass solid waste to obtain biomass powder of a preset particle size. A metering and conveying unit, located at the front end of the moving unit, is used to store at least one additive among catalyst, oxidant and surfactant, and can quantitatively convey the additive to the downstream unit according to the amount of biomass powder processed. A mixing and drying unit is located in the middle of the moving unit and downstream of the pretreatment unit. It is connected to the pretreatment unit and the metering and conveying unit, respectively, and is used to mix biomass powder with additives and to rapidly dehydrate and dry the mixture. A pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit is located in the middle of the moving unit and downstream of the mixing and drying unit. It is used to carry out a pyrolysis catalytic reaction on the dried mixture under preset temperature and pressure conditions to generate solid products and exhaust gas rich in humic substances. An exhaust gas treatment unit is located at the rear end of the mobile unit and connected to the exhaust gas emission end of the pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit, and is used to purify the exhaust gas generated by the reaction. A forming and packaging unit is located at the rear end of the moving unit and connected to the solid product outlet end of the pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit. It is used to grind, granulate and quantitatively package the solid product. A power unit, which is mounted on the mobile unit, is used to provide a power source for each unit; A control unit is disposed on the mobile unit and is electrically connected to the pretreatment unit, the metering and conveying unit, the mixing and drying unit, the pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit, the exhaust gas treatment unit, the molding and packaging unit and the power unit, respectively, for monitoring and controlling the operating status and process parameters of each unit.

2. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pretreatment unit includes a crusher, a first feeder, a pulverizer, a mixer, and a second feeder connected sequentially along the material flow direction; the crusher is a tracked crusher used to crush biomass solid waste to 20 mesh; the pulverizer is an ultrafine pulverizer used to further pulverize the crushed material to 100-200 mesh; and the mixer is a twin-shaft paddle mixer used to premix the biomass powder.

3. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metering and conveying unit includes a catalyst storage tank, an oxidant storage tank, and a surfactant storage tank. Each storage tank is equipped with an automatic metering and feeding unit at its outlet. The automatic metering and feeding unit is electrically connected to the control unit and feeds additives in a preset ratio according to the amount of biomass powder processed by the pretreatment unit.

4. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixing and drying unit includes a twin-screw extruder and a microwave-heated vacuum dryer arranged in series.

5. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit is a rotary kiln pyrolysis boiler, which includes an inclined rotary cylinder, a heating section disposed on the circumferential wall of the cylinder, and a lifting plate and stirring blades disposed inside the cylinder.

6. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The exhaust gas treatment unit includes an exhaust gas combustion chamber, a first adsorption tower, and a second adsorption tower connected sequentially along the exhaust gas flow direction; the exhaust gas combustion chamber is equipped with a combustion air supply unit for heating the exhaust gas to above 800°C for combustion and decomposition; the first adsorption tower is filled with activated carbon or molecular sieves, and the second adsorption tower is filled with alkaline adsorbent.

7. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The forming and packaging unit includes a grinding mill, a granulator, and a packaging machine arranged in series. The grinding mill is a roller mill or a ball mill, used to grind solid products to a size of less than 50 mesh. The granulator is a disc granulator or an extrusion granulator, used to process granules with a particle size of 0.1 to 0.5 mm. The packaging machine is used to quantitatively package the granular products.

8. A method for producing solid organic fertilizer from mobile biomass solid waste through pyrolysis catalysis as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The mobile unit is provided to move the processing device to the biomass solid waste generation site; The pretreatment unit sequentially crushes, pulverizes, and premixes the biomass solid waste to obtain biomass powder of a preset particle size. The additives are quantitatively delivered to the biomass powder in a preset ratio through the metering and conveying unit, and then mixed and dehydrated and dried by the mixing and drying unit. The dried mixture is fed into the pyrolysis catalytic reaction unit and subjected to pyrolysis catalytic reaction under preset temperature and pressure conditions to generate solid products and exhaust gas rich in humic substances. The exhaust gas generated by the reaction is sequentially subjected to combustion decomposition and secondary adsorption purification by the exhaust gas treatment unit to achieve emission standards. The solid product is sequentially ground, granulated, and quantitatively packaged by the molding and packaging unit to obtain a solid organic fertilizer product.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The additives include a catalyst, an oxidant, and a surfactant, wherein the mass ratio of the biomass powder to the catalyst, the oxidant, and the surfactant is 100:(0.5-1.5):(0.5-5):(0.5-30); wherein the catalyst is a metal oxide, the oxidant is one or more of potassium salts, calcium compounds, or alkaline solid waste, and the surfactant is a peroxide or water.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The temperature of the pyrolysis catalytic reaction is controlled at 200–300°C, and the reaction time is 1–4 hours. During the dehydration and drying process of the mixing and drying unit, the moisture content of the material is reduced to below 10%.

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