Long working face non-beveling combined mining equipment and process
By employing two pre-drilled coal mining machines to create the notch in advance and the main coal mining machine to mine at high speed in the middle of the coal face, the problems of low efficiency and wear caused by the oblique cutting at the end were solved, and an efficient and simplified mining process was achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511880821.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-03
AI Technical Summary
In existing coal mining processes, the long cutting time at the end of the oblique cut results in low mining efficiency of the coal mining machine and severe equipment wear, making it difficult to improve the overall mining efficiency.
Two open-gap coal mining machines are used to be responsible for the early mining of the left and right end gaps of the working face, respectively. The main coal mining machine carries out high-speed mining in the middle coal wall, eliminating the oblique cutting process. The end gaps and the middle coal wall mining are carried out simultaneously. The design of sliding rocker arm and cutting motor installed on the side of the coal wall is adopted to avoid affecting the coal passage space of the conveyor.
It significantly improves the mining efficiency of coal mining machines, reduces equipment wear, allows the main unit to maintain a faster traction speed, simplifies stroke control, and improves overall mining efficiency and equipment utilization.
Smart Images
Figure CN121781927A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to a high-efficiency combined mining equipment and process for multi-face coal mining without the need for oblique cutting feed, which is suitable for mining long working faces with good roof conditions. Background Technology
[0002] A common coal mining process involves a single coal mining machine cutting coal back and forth along the working face simultaneously. While the coal mining machine is cutting the coal in the middle of the working face, it also moves the conveyor belt along with it, forming an S-shaped bend behind the direction of the coal mining machine's traction. When the coal mining machine approaches a certain end of the working face, it usually cuts the upper coal wall of the end first, then moves in the opposite direction to cut the bottom coal platform of that end. It continues to move and cuts obliquely into the coal wall through the S-shaped bend of the conveyor belt. After pushing the conveyor belt at that end to eliminate the S-shaped bend, the coal mining machine moves towards the end again until it cuts through the coal wall of that end, completing the mining of that end. If L0 represents the stopping distance of the coal mining machine, that is, the maximum length of the block (including the drum) occupied by the coal mining machine parallel to the coal face, the length of the section of the coal mining machine that cuts into the coal face at an angle in the same direction is approximately calculated based on the stopping distance. The actual travel distance of the coal mining machine from one end of the working face to the other end to complete the mining of the entire working face in one cut will be 3-5 times longer than the total length of the working face by L0. The extra travel distance is only for cutting through the end of the working face. It can be seen that the end cutting has a great impact on improving the mining efficiency of the coal mining machine.
[0003] However, in order to avoid overloading the coal mining machine or scraper conveyor and reduce equipment wear, the coal mining machine generally moves at a low speed during oblique cutting. Therefore, it is difficult to shorten the oblique cutting time at the end. Thus, the oblique cutting process at the end has become the main limiting factor for improving coal mining efficiency. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This invention provides a non-oblique cutting combined mining equipment and process for long working faces. Two open-gap coal mining machines are responsible for mining the left and right end gaps in advance, and the main coal mining machine moves back and forth between the two end gaps to mine the middle coal wall at high speed and efficiency, completely eliminating the oblique cutting process. The mining of the end gaps and the middle coal wall can be carried out simultaneously, and the overall mining efficiency is significantly improved.
[0005] The main technical solutions of this invention are as follows: A long-face non-inclined combined mining equipment includes a conveyor, a main mining machine and two open-gap mining machines (left and right) mounted on the conveyor as a moving track. The two open-gap mining machines are respectively arranged at the left and right ends of the conveyor, and the main mining machine is arranged between the two open-gap mining machines. The main mining machine is a double-rocker-arm mining machine, and the two open-gap mining machines are single-rocker-arm mining machines with only a left rocker arm and only a right rocker arm, respectively. The rocker arm of the open-gap mining machine includes a sliding part, a non-sliding part, and a sliding cylinder. The sliding part and the non-sliding part are slidably connected to each other, one on the left and one on the right. The two ends of the sliding cylinder are respectively hinged to the sliding part and the non-sliding part. Under the action of the sliding part, it can move back and forth relative to the non-sliding part. The state in which the sliding part is biased towards the coal wall side limit position and the goaf side limit position of the coal mining machine relative to the non-sliding part is called the sliding part front position and the sliding part rear position, respectively. The non-sliding part is provided with a body connecting lug and a height adjustment cylinder connecting lug. The axis of the connecting lug hole on the body connecting lug and the height adjustment cylinder connecting lug both extend back and forth. The sliding part is provided with a cutting motor, a cutting transmission system and a drum connected in sequence. The cutting motor is closest to the non-sliding part. The sliding cylinder is provided with a sliding cylinder stroke sensor. The rocker arm is also provided with a front sensor and a rear sensor for detecting whether the sliding part has moved to the front position and the rear position, respectively.
[0006] The cutting motor is preferably installed by side mounting on the coal wall, and in the rear-mounted state of the sliding part, the main body of the cutting motor is located above the conveyor's shovel and the side wall of the coal wall.
[0007] A long working face non-oblique-cut combined mining process is disclosed, employing the aforementioned long working face non-oblique-cut combined mining equipment. Two opening-gap coal mining machines are responsible for the advance mining of the left and right end gaps of the working face, respectively. The main coal mining machine is responsible for mining the coal wall between the left and right end gaps. One of the gaps at both ends of the working face is the starting gap, and the other is the ending gap. The first starting gap is constructed using conventional methods. Initially, the main coal mining machine and the starting opening-gap coal mining machine are arranged side-by-side at the first starting gap. The depth of the first starting gap is determined by its ability to accommodate the drum of the main coal mining machine. The starting and ending opening-gap mining... The coal mining machines are located at the beginning and end of the working face, with their respective drums placed in the corresponding end roadways. First, the main mining machine moves from the first beginning gap towards the end, cutting coal simultaneously. At the same time, the end-gauge mining machine, starting from the end, mines the first end gap in two round trips, making one cut per round trip. This ensures the depth of the first end gap is no less than twice the width of the main mining machine's drum, and that this is completed before the main mining machine reaches the first end gap. Afterward, the main mining machine operates cyclically between the beginning and end gaps. Throughout the entire mining process, the main mining machine moves from the beginning... After the end gap or the final gap, the next starting gap or the next final gap is pre-mined at the corresponding end. Specifically, the conveyor end corresponding to the starting gap or the final gap is first pushed one step closer to the coal wall. Then, the conveyor is pushed forward segment by segment following the main mining machine. The starting gap mining machine or the final gap mining machine moves forward synchronously with the conveyor end. After two round trips of mining the starting gap or the final gap, the first trip involves mining the first cut after the sliding section is positioned behind the current section, and the second trip involves mining the last cut after the sliding section is positioned in front of the current section. After the last cut is completed, the system is immediately switched to the sliding section rear-positioned state, ultimately obtaining the corresponding end gap. The depth of the opening shall not be less than twice the width of the main mining machine drum, and shall be completed before the main mining machine re-enters the starting or ending gap. After the first ending gap is completed, each time the main mining machine enters the starting or ending gap, it shall temporarily stop alongside the starting or ending gap mining machine, push the end of the conveyor corresponding to the starting or ending gap to restore the conveyor to a straight state, and the starting or ending gap mining machine shall move forward synchronously with the end of the conveyor, and the main mining machine shall also move forward synchronously with the end of the conveyor and prepare to leave the starting or ending gap.
[0008] In the initial state, the hydraulic support is arranged behind the conveyor, one step away from the conveyor. During the mining process, the main mining machine keeps pulling the support and pushing the conveyor. After the main mining machine leaves the starting gap or the ending gap, before pushing the end of the conveyor corresponding to the starting gap or the ending gap, the support is pulled to support the coal wall of the previous cut to be mined in time. During the last one-way stroke of the previous cut mining at the corresponding gap, the support is pulled to support the coal wall of the cut to be mined in time.
[0009] When the gap mining machine makes each round trip to mine the corresponding end gap, it first moves from the end of the working face to the middle and mines the upper coal, and then returns to the end and mines the lower coal.
[0010] The lengths of the initial and final notches shall not be less than the sum of the lengths of the corresponding end-opening notch mining machine and the length of the main mining machine.
[0011] When the gap-cutting coal mining machine is at the corresponding end, its drum is preferably placed in the corresponding end roadway.
[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are: By using the main machine to reciprocate at high speed and efficiency in the middle of the coal face to complete the main mining, high-productivity mining is maximized. Auxiliary machines pre-open gaps at both ends of the working face for the main machine, eliminating the need for the main machine's oblique cutting advance time and the complex mining control required to adapt to the changing bottom position of the drum as the transition trough at the conveyor end gradually rises. Furthermore, because the main machine's travel area avoids the conveyor end, the main machine's rocker arm does not need to be designed with an excessively large swing angle range to meet the drum cutting requirements as the transition trough gradually rises. Therefore, the constraints on the high-power design of the cutting motor, such as safety clearances between the trough side and the cutting motor, and the coal passage space, are reduced, which is conducive to further increasing the power of the main machine.
[0013] When mining conditions permit, the main coal mining machine should be equipped with a high-power configuration to further improve mining efficiency; the gap mining machine should preferably be equipped with a medium-power configuration, which can adopt a thin and flat body to reduce the impact of coal passing through the machine head; that is, dedicated machines for specific purposes, division of labor and cooperation, so that each coal mining machine can make full use of its own advantages.
[0014] The rocker arm of the gap mining machine adopts a sliding rocker arm. With the conveyor position unchanged, the gap mining machine can continue to mine the second cut of coal by switching to the sliding part in the forward position. It is not only highly efficient, but also has a simple control program.
[0015] The cutting motor on the open-gap coal mining machine is installed by side-mounting the coal wall, and the main body of the cutting motor is located above the conveyor's shovel and the side wall of the coal wall when the sliding part is in the rear position, which can avoid affecting the coal passage space above the conveyor trough.
[0016] Using the aforementioned combined mining process, the main mining machine penetrates the gap in a direct-push manner, that is, it moves forward synchronously with the conveyor to enter the next cutting preparation state. It does not need to pass through the S-shaped bend of the conveyor to enter the gap, nor does it need to cut at an angle. The main mining machine can maintain a relatively fast traction speed throughout the process, and the stroke control is simpler.
[0017] Using the aforementioned combined mining process, the main mining machine can begin pre-mining of the gap required for its next return to the corresponding end as soon as it leaves a gap, without waiting time, and with ample time for gap mining. Pre-mining of the gap only needs to be completed before the main mining machine returns to the corresponding end gap. The corresponding end gap-opening mining machine does not need to focus on intermediate processes, such as when the main mining machine arrives at the other end gap. The gap mining time can be concentrated in the first part of the main mining machine's round-trip mining time, leaving the latter part as temporary waiting time for the corresponding end gap-opening mining machine to wait for the main mining machine to return to the gap. This simplifies program control and makes it easier to calculate how to appropriately extend the length of the gap at this end to further balance the mining time of each mining machine. This is beneficial for improving the utilization rate of all mining machines and overall mining efficiency to a satisfactory level while prioritizing the utilization rate of the main mining machine.
[0018] Since both ends of the gap can be opened in advance before the main mining machine reaches the corresponding gap, the main mining machine can directly enter the corresponding gap without waiting time. It only needs to wait for the time of one push of the conveyor end corresponding to the gap before starting the next cut. It can be seen that the auxiliary time of the main mining machine can be reduced to an extremely low level, thus significantly improving the mining efficiency of the main mining machine. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the long working face non-oblique cutting combined mining equipment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the sliding rocker arm (sliding part in front); Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the sliding rocker arm (sliding part is located at the rear). Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the front-to-back position relationship between the open-gap coal mining machine C2 on the right and the conveyor (the sliding part is in front, and the front coal loading plate is in the open position). Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the front-to-back positional relationship between the right-side notch coal mining machine C2 and the conveyor (the sliding part is positioned at the rear, and the front coal loading plate is in the closed position). Figure 6 This is a front view diagram of the layout of the coal mining machine C2 with the conveyor on the right (with the rear coal loading plate in an upward swing position). Figure 7 This is a frontal view of the layout of the open-gap coal mining machine C2 and the conveyor on the right (with the rear coal loading plate in a downward swing position). Figure 8 A top-view diagram of the combined mining equipment during the process of the opening-gap coal mining machine C2 mining the upper coal of the previous cut in one round trip of the main coal mining machine C1; Figure 9a ,9b They are respectively Figure 8 The diagram shows the top and right views of the front and rear coal loading plates during the process. Figure 10 A top-view diagram of the combined mining equipment during the process of the opening-gap coal mining machine C2 mining the lower coal of the previous cut in one round trip of the main coal mining machine C1; Figure 11a , 11b They are respectively Figure 10 The diagram shows the top and right views of the front and rear coal loading plates during the process. Figure 12 A top-view diagram of the combined mining equipment during the operation of the gap-opening coal mining machine C2, which is mining the upper coal after one round trip of the main coal mining machine C1; Figure 13a , 13b They are respectively Figure 12 The diagram shows the top and right views of the front and rear coal loading plates during the process. Figure 14 A top-view diagram of the combined mining equipment during the process of the opening-gap coal mining machine C2 mining the lower coal section after one round trip of the main coal mining machine C1; Figure 15a , 15b They are respectively Figure 14 The diagram shows the top and right views of the front and rear coal loading plates during the process. Figure 16 (inclusive) Figures 16-1 to 16-11 ( ) is a schematic diagram of steps 1-11 of an embodiment of the long working face non-oblique cutting combined mining process; Figure 17 for Figure 16-1 The side view diagrams of the main coal mining machine C1 and the open-gap coal mining machine C2 in relation to the conveyor and the support are shown in Step 1. Figure 18 for Figure 16-1 The side view of the notch-breaking coal mining machine C3, the conveyor, and the support shown in step 1; Figure 19 for Figure 16-2 Step 2 shows the side view of the main coal mining machine C1, the conveyor, and the support. Figure 20 for Figure 16-2 Step 2 shows the side view of the notch-opening coal mining machine C2, the conveyor, and the support. Figure 21 for Figure 16-2 Step 2 shows the side view of the notch-opening coal mining machine C3, the conveyor, and the support. Figure 22 for Figure 16-3 Step 3 shows the side view of the notch-opening coal mining machine C2, the conveyor, and the support. Figure 23 for Figure 16-3 Step 3 shows the side view of the notch-opening coal mining machine C3, the conveyor, and the support. Figure 24 for Figure 16-4 Step 4 shows the side view of the notch-opening coal mining machine C2, the conveyor, and the support. Figure 25 for Figure 16-4 Step 4 shows the side view of the notch-opening coal mining machine C3, the conveyor, and the support. Figure 26 for Figure 16-5 Step 5 shows the side view of the notch-opening coal mining machine C2, the conveyor, and the support. Figure 27 for Figure 16-5 Step 5 shows the side view of the notch-opening coal mining machine C3, the conveyor, and the support. Figure 28 for Figure 16-6 Step 6 shows the side view of the main coal mining machine C1, the conveyor, and the support. Figure 29 for Figure 16-6 Step 6 shows the side view of the notch-opening coal mining machine C2, the conveyor, and the support. Figure 30 for Figure 16-6 Step 6 shows the side view of the notch-opening coal mining machine C3, the conveyor, and the support. Figure 31 for Figure 16-7 Step 7 shows the side view of the notch-opening coal mining machine C3, the conveyor, and the support. Figure 32 for Figure 16-8 Step 8 shows the side view of the notch-opening coal mining machine C3, the conveyor, and the support. Figure 33 for Figure 16-9 Step 9 shows the side view of the notch-opening coal mining machine C3, the conveyor, and the support. Figure 34 for Figure 16-10 Step 10 shows the side view of the main coal mining machine C1 and the open-gap coal mining machine C2 in relation to the conveyor and the support. Figure 35 for Figure 16-10 The side view of the notch-opening coal mining machine C3, the conveyor, and the support shown in step 10; Figure 36 for Figure 16-11 The side view of the notch-opening coal mining machine C2, the conveyor, and the support shown in step 11; Figure 37 for Figure 16-11The side view of the notch-opening coal mining machine C3, the conveyor, and the support shown in step 11.
[0020] Figure label: C1. Main mining machine; C2. Right-end gap mining machine; C3. Left-end gap mining machine; Z. Support; Z1. Telescopic beam; S. Conveyor; I, II, III, IV, V. represent the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th coal cuts respectively; Q. Gap; 1. Machine body; 2. Sliding rocker arm; 21. Non-sliding part; 211. Machine body connecting lug; 212. Height adjustment cylinder connecting lug; 22. Sliding part; 23. Sliding cylinder; 24. Cutting motor; 25. Cutting transmission system; 26. Drum; 27. Front coal loading plate; 28. Rear coal loading plate. Detailed Implementation
[0021] like Figure 1-15b As shown, this invention discloses a long working face non-oblique-cut combined mining equipment (hereinafter referred to as combined mining equipment), including a conveyor S and a main coal mining machine C1 with the conveyor as its moving track, and two left and right opening-gap coal mining machines C3 and C2. The two left and right opening-gap coal mining machines are respectively arranged at the left and right ends of the conveyor, and are used to mine the coal wall at the left and right ends of the working face to form gaps, so as to provide channels for the main coal mining machine to cut into the coal wall from the left and right ends to the middle. The main coal mining machine is arranged between the two opening-gap coal mining machines and is used to mine the remaining coal wall except for the left and right gaps Q, that is, the middle coal wall.
[0022] The main coal mining machine is the primary machine, while the gap-cutting coal mining machine is the auxiliary machine. The primary machine uses high-speed, efficient back-and-forth movement in the middle of the coal face to complete the main mining, maximizing high-productivity mining. The auxiliary machine creates gaps at both ends of the working face in advance for the primary machine, eliminating the need for the primary machine's oblique cutting advance time and the complex mining control required to adapt to the changes in the drum's bottom position caused by the gradual increase in the height of the transition trough at the end of the conveyor. Furthermore, because the primary machine's travel area avoids the end of the conveyor, the primary machine's rocker arm does not need to be designed with an excessively large swing angle range to meet the drum's downward cutting requirements as the transition trough gradually increases in height. Therefore, the constraints on the high-power design of the cutting motor, such as the safety clearance between the trough side and the cutting motor, and the coal passage space, are reduced, which is conducive to further increasing the power of the primary machine.
[0023] Where mining conditions permit, the main coal mining machine should be configured with high power to further improve mining efficiency. The gap-cutting coal mining machine is preferably configured with medium power and can use a thin, flat body, which helps reduce the impact of coal passing through the machine head.
[0024] The main mining machine is preferably a double-rocker-arm mining machine, which has higher mining efficiency than a single-rocker-arm mining machine. The two open-gap mining machines on the left and right are single-rocker-arm mining machines with only a left rocker arm and only a right rocker arm, respectively. The rocker arms are hinged to the left and right ends of the machine body 1, which makes the structure simpler, occupies less space, is more flexible in operation, easier to control the feed, and has a lighter weight. It is also convenient to move synchronously with the conveyor to approach the coal wall.
[0025] The rocker arm of the notch-type coal mining machine includes a sliding part 22, a non-sliding part 21, and a sliding cylinder 23. The sliding part and the non-sliding part are slidably connected to each other on the left and right sides, respectively. The two ends of the sliding cylinder are hinged to the sliding part and the non-sliding part, respectively. Under the action of the sliding cylinder, the sliding part can move back and forth relative to the non-sliding part. This rocker arm can be simply referred to as the sliding rocker arm 2. The states in which the sliding part is biased relative to the non-sliding part towards the coal wall side (or front) and the goaf side (or rear) of the coal mining machine are respectively called the sliding part forward position (see Figure 2 ) and the sliding part is located at the rear (see Figure 3 ).
[0026] The non-sliding section is equipped with a body connecting lug 211 and a height adjustment cylinder connecting lug 212, with the axes of the connecting lug holes on both extending forward and backward. The structure and relative position of the body connecting lug and the height adjustment cylinder connecting lug are the same as those on existing conventional single-arm coal mining machines, thus allowing the rocker arm on the notch coal mining machine to be seamlessly interchanged with conventional rocker arms. The sliding section is equipped with a cutting motor 24, a cutting transmission system 25, and a drum 26 connected in sequence, with the cutting motor closest to the non-sliding section. The cutting motor and the cutting transmission system are located inside the sliding section housing, while the drum is located in front of the sliding section housing. The rear end truncated section of the drum is located in front of the outer wall of the coal face side of the sliding section housing.
[0027] The sliding cylinder is equipped with a sliding cylinder stroke sensor, and the rocker arm is also equipped with a front sensor and a rear sensor, respectively, for detecting whether the sliding part has moved to the forward and rear positions. The sliding cylinder stroke sensor, the front sensor, and the rear sensor are all for the automatic control of the sliding part's forward and rear positions, used for the automatic operation of the notch mining machine. When the sliding part is in the rear position, similar to a conventional rocker arm, the notch mining machine can mine one cut like a conventional mining machine. With the conveyor position unchanged, by switching to the sliding part forward position, the notch mining machine can continue mining a second cut.
[0028] Furthermore, a front loading plate 27 can be hingedly installed on the outer wall of the coal wall side of the sliding part shell. The hinge axis of the front loading plate is vertically set, and the front loading plate can swing left and right around the hinge axis. When closed (see...). Figure 5 The front coal loading plate is attached to the outer wall of the coal wall side of the sliding part shell. When in the open position (see...). Figure 4 The front loading plate and the outer wall of the sliding section shell form an acute angle, with the opening of the angle facing the corresponding drum. Taking the right-end notch mining machine C2 as an example, when mining to the left, the front loading plate is in the closed position and has no effect; when mining to the right, the front loading plate is in the open position. The front loading plate, the outer wall of the sliding section shell, and the corresponding drum form a semi-enclosed space. With the rotation of the spiral blades on the drum, the coal in this semi-enclosed space can be transferred to the rear of the drum. If the rocker arm is in the rear position of the sliding section at this time, the coal in this semi-enclosed space, that is, the floating coal on the bottom plate in front of the sliding section, is directly loaded into the conveyor trough of the conveyor (see...). Figure 11a The front loading plate helps to clear floating material in the gap, especially behind the roller in the traction direction, and reduces the obstruction of floating material when pushing the conveyor at the gap.
[0029] When the single rocker arm is the left rocker arm, the left end is the far end; when the single rocker arm is the right rocker arm, the right end is the far end. From a top-down perspective, the sliding section has an L-shaped structure, with the concave corner of the L-shaped structure located on the far goaf side, i.e., the right rear part of the right rocker arm. Correspondingly, the concave corner of the L-shaped structure of the left rocker arm is located on the left rear part. A rear coal loading plate 28 can be hinged at the concave corner. The hinge shaft of the rear coal loading plate extends forward and backward while being horizontal or inclined (e.g., at a 20-40 degree angle relative to the horizontal plane). The far end of the rear coal loading plate is the free end, and the rear coal loading plate can swing up and down around its hinge shaft. When the rear coal loading plate is in the upward swing state (see...),... Figure 6 The lowest point of the rear coal loading plate is higher than the coal wall side of the conveyor, i.e., it is in an elevated state to avoid obstructing the coal flow in the conveyor trough (see...). Figure 9b , 11b (and 13b), when the rear coal loading plate is in the downward swinging state (see 13b) Figure 7 The lowest point of the rear coal loading plate can be lower than and close to the bottom plate so that floating coal on the bottom plate can be shoveled into the conveyor trough (see...). Figure 15b ).
[0030] The design principle for the front-to-back width of the rear coal loading plate is as follows: when the sliding part is positioned in front, the front edge of the rear coal loading plate is located in front of the conveyor shovel, and the rear edge of the rear coal loading plate is located within the width range of the conveyor trough. That is, the rear coal loading plate crosses the side wall of the conveyor coal trough and the shovel in the front-to-back direction (see...). Figure 4 , 13a (13b, 15a, 15b); When the sliding section is positioned rearward, the front edge of the rear-loading coal plate can be located in front of the coal wall side trough of the matching conveyor, and the rear edge of the rear-loading coal plate is within the width of the conveyor trough, that is, it does not extend further back beyond the goaf side trough of the conveyor (see...). Figure 5 , 9a 9b, 11a, 11b).
[0031] As a preferred structure, the rear-loading coal plate can be divided into a front section and a rear section, with the front section being longer than the rear section, and the front and rear sections smoothly connected. When the rear-loading coal plate is in the downward swing position, the far edge of the front section is a straight line extending horizontally front to back. Its front-to-back width is designed so that when the sliding part is in front, the far edge of the front section is located in front of and close to the conveyor shovel, that is, in the front-to-back direction, it is located exactly between the sliding part and the shovel (see...). Figure 4 , 13a (15a). When the rear coal loading plate is in the downward swing position, the far edge of the front part is the lowest point of the rear coal loading plate. The front part is responsible for shoveling the floating coal in front of the shovel plate and moving the floating coal to the rear part. The rear part then guides the floating coal into the conveyor trough (see...). Figure 15a , 15b ).
[0032] Furthermore, the post-loading coal plate can be an irregularly shaped plate with a smooth curved top surface. When the post-loading coal plate is in an upward swinging state, its top surface is generally inclined with a higher elevation near the coal wall and a lower elevation far from the goaf (see [reference]). Figure 9a , 9b (11a, 11b, 13a, 13b) so that the coal falling on the rear coal loading plate can be guided backward into the conveyor trough, and the coal can be prevented from slipping and accumulating on the shovel plate.
[0033] When the rear loading plate is in the upward swing position, regardless of whether the rocker arm is in the forward or backward position, and regardless of whether the open-gap coal mining machine moves to the left or right, when coal material overturns above the rocker arm and falls onto the rear loading plate, it will be guided by the rear loading plate, especially its far end on the goaf side, into the conveyor trough (see...). Figure 9a , 9b ,11a,11b,13a,13b).
[0034] The rear coal loading plate being in a downward swing position is a usage method specifically designed for the sliding section being in the forward position, such as... Figure 15a , 15b Taking the example of a coal mining machine with a right-side opening at the front of the sliding section mining to the right, the front coal loading plate is in the open position and the rear coal loading plate is in the downward swing state. The front coal loading plate first moves the floating coal on the bottom plate in front of the sliding section to the rear of the drum and the front of the conveyor shovel plate. The amount of coal accumulated in front of the sliding section is reduced, which makes it easier for the main coal mining machine to enter the corresponding gap in a direct push manner. The rear coal loading plate then shovels the coal behind the drum and in front of the shovel plate, including the coal moved by the front coal loading plate, into the conveyor trough, thereby cleaning the floating coal in front of the conveyor more thoroughly.
[0035] The swinging of the front and rear coal loading plates can be driven by hydraulic cylinders and controlled by valve groups.
[0036] The cutting motor is installed by side mounting on the coal wall, and the main body of the cutting motor is positioned above the conveyor's shovel and the side wall of the coal wall when the sliding part is in the rear position, so as not to affect the coal passage space above the conveyor trough.
[0037] As shown in Figures 16-37, this invention also discloses a long working face non-oblique-cut combined mining process (hereinafter referred to as the combined mining process). The aforementioned long working face non-oblique-cut combined mining equipment is used for mining. Two gap-opening coal mining machines are responsible for the advance mining of the left and right gaps of the working face, respectively. Advance mining means opening the gaps before the main coal mining machine needs to be pulled to the corresponding gap positions. The main coal mining machine is responsible for mining the coal wall between the left and right gaps (hereinafter referred to as the middle coal wall). For ease of explanation, the two ends of the working face are referred to as the beginning and end, respectively, and the gaps at the corresponding ends are referred to as the beginning gap and the end gap, respectively. In Figure 16, the right end is the beginning end, and the left end is the end end. The first beginning gap is constructed in a conventional manner, for example, it can be manually excavated, or it can be mechanically mined when the roadway is being mined by the roadway excavation equipment or when the connecting roadway is being installed (i.e., the initial working face). In the initial state, the main coal mining machine and the beginning gap-opening coal mining machine are arranged side-by-side at the first beginning gap. The depth of the first beginning gap is determined by the ability to accommodate the drum of the main coal mining machine. The initial and final gap-opening coal mining machines are located at the beginning and end of the working face, respectively, and their respective drums are placed in the corresponding end roadways (see...). Figure 1 , Figure 16-1 , Figure 17 and Figure 18 ).
[0038] First, the main mining machine moves from the first initial gap towards the end while simultaneously cutting coal. At the same time, the end-gauge mining machine, starting from the end, mines for the first time in two round trips to obtain the first end gap (see...). Figures 16-2 to 16-5 Each round trip involves one cut, ensuring that the depth of the first end gap is no less than twice the width of the main mining machine's drum, and that this is completed before the main mining machine reaches the first end gap. The main mining machine then operates in a cyclical manner between the beginning and end gaps.
[0039] Throughout the mining process, the main mining machine moves away from either the starting or ending gap (see starting gap for details). Figure 16-2 , 16-11 See end Figure 16-7 Afterwards, advance mining of the next starting gap or the next ending gap is carried out at the corresponding end. The specific process is as follows: first, the end of the conveyor corresponding to the starting gap or the ending gap is pushed one step closer to the coal wall, and then the main mining machine moves the conveyor segment by segment. The starting gap mining machine or the ending gap mining machine moves forward synchronously with the end of the conveyor. After two round trips to mine the starting gap or the ending gap, one cut is made for each round trip. The depth of the corresponding end gap obtained is not less than twice the width of the drum of the main mining machine, and this is completed before the main mining machine re-enters the starting gap or the ending gap (the starting gap mining process can be referred to). Figures 16-2 to 16-6 This is to ensure that the main coal mining machine can operate continuously in reverse in a timely manner.
[0040] Furthermore, when the gap-opening coal mining machine makes two round trips to mine the corresponding end gap, the first trip's sliding section is positioned after the previous cut (the initial gap opening can be referenced). Figure 16-3 , 16-4 For reference, see points 22 and 24, where the end notch is opened. Figure 16-2 , 16-3 21, 23, 16-8, 16-9, 32 and 33), the second cut after the pre-mining of the slip section (the initial opening can be referenced). Figure 16-5 , 16-6 For reference, see points 26 and 29, where the end gaps are notched. Figure 16-4 , 16-5 (25, 16-10, 16-11, 35, and 37), after the last cut is completed, promptly switch to the sliding section rear-position state. The so-called "previous cut" and "last cut" refer to the first and last cuts mined in the process, respectively, and are unrelated to the spatial concept of front and back.
[0041] After the first end gap is mined, the main mining machine will temporarily stop alongside the opening gap mining machine (the opening and closing gaps can be referred to separately) each time it enters the starting or ending gap. Figure 16-9 and Figure 16-5 Then, push the conveyor end corresponding to the beginning or end gap to restore the conveyor to a straight state. The beginning or end gap coal mining machine moves forward synchronously with the push of the conveyor end (the beginning can be referenced). Figure 16-10 and Figure 34 For reference at the end. Figure 16-6 and Figure 30 The main coal mining machine also moves forward synchronously with the end of the conveyor (see separate documents). Figure 34 and Figure 28 Then prepare to start the next one-way mining operation from the starting gap or the ending gap.
[0042] Because, except for the first initial gap, the depth of all gaps is no less than twice the width of the main mining machine drum, there is space to accommodate the drum when the main mining machine enters and leaves the corresponding gap.
[0043] In the initial state, the hydraulic support Z is arranged behind the conveyor, one step away from the conveyor. At the first starting gap, the support can extend the telescopic beam Z1 for temporary support. At other positions, the main beam of the support is arranged close to the first coal cutting wall.
[0044] The actual cutting depth of a coal mining machine is usually less than the front and rear width of the corresponding drum. In this process, for the sake of maximizing efficiency, the actual cutting depth of the main coal mining machine is approximately equal to its drum width K, and the cutting depths of the three coal mining machines are equal. For the sake of convenience in explaining the principle or theoretical calculation, this process can be understood as the cutting depth of the main coal mining machine being equal to K. The step distance of the conveyor pushing and the support pulling is generally equal to or slightly greater than one cutting depth, and can also be simplified as being equal to one cutting depth.
[0045] During the mining process of the main mining machine, the support and conveyor should be moved along with the machine. That is, when the main mining machine is mining the current cut, the main beam of the support and the shovel of the conveyor need to be moved forward in time to get closer to the next cut coal wall.
[0046] After the main mining machine moves away from the starting or ending gap, before pushing the end of the conveyor corresponding to the starting or ending gap, the support is first pulled forward one step towards the coal wall to bring it closer to the conveyor. This is to provide timely support for the next section of coal wall to be mined at the corresponding gap. If the telescopic beam of the corresponding support was previously extended, it needs to be retracted before pulling the support. During the last unidirectional stroke of mining the previous section of coal wall at the corresponding gap, the support is pulled forward to provide timely support for the next section of coal wall to be mined.
[0047] When the gap-cutting coal mining machine makes each round trip to mine the corresponding end gap, it can first move from the end of the working face towards the middle and mine the upper coal (the starting end can be referenced). Figure 16-3 , 22 16-5 and 26, the end can be referenced Figure 16-2 , 21 (16-4, 25, 16-8, 32, 16-10 and 35), then return to the end and mine the lower coal (the beginning can be referenced). Figure 16-4 , 24 16-6 and 29, the end can be referenced Figure 16-3 , 23 (16-5, 27, 16-9, 33, 16-11, and 37). If necessary, the telescopic beams of the support can be extended for temporary support, especially during the final cut after mining.
[0048] The lengths of the beginning and end gaps should be no less than the sum of the lengths of the corresponding end-opening gap coal mining machine and the main coal mining machine, so that when the main coal mining machine is pulled to the corresponding end gap, the end gap can simultaneously accommodate the corresponding end-opening gap coal mining machine and the main coal mining machine parked side by side.
[0049] It should be noted that, Figures 16-2 to 16-11 The steps described and the positions and states of the coal mining machines shown in each step are merely examples of one possible implementation of the combined mining process and do not constitute the only limitation on the process flow.
[0050] Using the above-mentioned combined mining technology, if the working face is long, the lengths of the initial and final gaps can be appropriately increased. By increasing the mining length of the gap mining machine, the time for the main mining machine to make one round trip can be shortened, and the working time of the gap mining machine can be extended. Therefore, the time for the gap mining machine to wait for the main mining machine to return to the gap can be greatly reduced, the utilization rate of all mining machines can be increased, and the overall mining efficiency can be improved.
[0051] When the gap-cutting coal mining machine is at the corresponding end, its drum is placed in the corresponding end roadway. In this way, when the starting gap-cutting coal mining machine or the ending gap-cutting coal mining machine moves forward synchronously with the end of the conveyor, its drum will not collide with the coal wall and can be directly in the preparation state for the next cut mining or can be in the preparation state for the next cut mining by continuing to move forward.
[0052] Using the aforementioned combined mining process, the main mining machine penetrates the gap in a direct-push manner, that is, it moves forward synchronously with the end of the conveyor to enter the next cutting preparation state. It does not need to pass through the S-shaped bend of the conveyor to enter the gap, nor does it need to cut at an angle. The main mining machine can maintain a relatively fast traction speed throughout the process, and the stroke control is simpler.
[0053] Using the aforementioned combined mining technology, the main mining machine can begin mining the corresponding end gap as soon as it leaves a certain end gap. The temporary waiting time of the corresponding end gap mining machine can be placed entirely in the later part of the main mining machine's round-trip mining time. The program control is simpler, and the corresponding end gap mining machine does not need to pay attention to when the main mining machine arrives at the other end gap or when it returns from the other end gap. Furthermore, when the length of the end gap is appropriately extended, it is easier to calculate the balance of mining time for each mining machine. This is conducive to improving the utilization rate of all mining machines and the overall mining efficiency to a satisfactory level while prioritizing the utilization rate of the main mining machine.
[0054] In this article, "left, right, front, back, up, down" are used to describe related structures to express the relative positional relationship between the corresponding structures, not to limit their absolute orientation. The left and right are borrowed from the traction direction when the coal mining machine is working, and the front and back are borrowed from the direction perpendicular to the coal wall, where front is the direction pointing towards the coal wall.
Claims
1. A non-oblique-cut combined mining equipment for long working faces, characterized in that: The system includes a conveyor and a main mining machine that uses the conveyor as a moving track, as well as two left and right open-gap mining machines. The two open-gap mining machines are respectively arranged at the left and right ends of the conveyor, and the main mining machine is arranged between the two open-gap mining machines. The main mining machine is a double-rocker-arm mining machine, and the two open-gap mining machines are single-rocker-arm mining machines with only a left rocker arm and only a right rocker arm, respectively. The rocker arm of each open-gap mining machine includes a sliding part, a non-sliding part, and a sliding cylinder. The sliding part and the non-sliding part are slidably connected, one on the left and one on the right. The two ends of the sliding cylinder are respectively hinged to the sliding part and the non-sliding part. Under the action of the sliding cylinder, the sliding part can be relatively... The sliding part moves back and forth. The states in which the sliding part is biased towards the coal wall side limit position and the goaf side limit position of the coal mining machine relative to the non-sliding part are respectively called the sliding part front position and the sliding part rear position. The non-sliding part is provided with a machine body connecting lug and a height adjustment cylinder connecting lug. The axes of the connecting lug holes on the machine body connecting lug and the height adjustment cylinder connecting lug both extend back and forth. The sliding part is provided with a cutting motor, a cutting transmission system and a drum connected in sequence. The cutting motor is closest to the non-sliding part. The sliding cylinder is provided with a sliding cylinder stroke sensor. The rocker arm is also provided with a front sensor and a rear sensor for detecting whether the sliding part has moved to the front position and the rear position, respectively.
2. The long working face non-oblique cutting combined mining equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting motor is installed by side mounting on the coal wall, and with the sliding part in the rear position, the main body of the cutting motor is located above the conveyor's shovel and the coal wall side trough.
3. A non-oblique-cut combined mining technology for long working faces, characterized in that: Mining is carried out using the long working face non-oblique-cut combined mining equipment described in claim 1 or 2. Two opening-gap coal mining machines are responsible for the advance mining of the left and right end gaps of the working face, respectively. The main coal mining machine is responsible for mining the coal wall between the left and right end gaps. One of the gaps at both ends of the working face is the starting gap, and the other is the ending gap. The first starting gap is constructed in a conventional manner. Initially, the main coal mining machine and the starting opening-gap coal mining machine are arranged side-by-side at the first starting gap. The depth of the first starting gap is determined by its ability to accommodate the drum of the main coal mining machine. The starting and ending opening-gap coal mining machines are located at... At the beginning and end of the working face, each of the drums is placed in the corresponding end roadway. First, the main mining machine moves from the first beginning gap towards the end while cutting coal. Simultaneously, the end-gauge mining machine starts from the end and mines for the first time in two round trips to obtain the first end gap, making one cut per round trip, ensuring that the depth of the first end gap is not less than twice the width of the main mining machine drum, and ensuring that it is completed before the main mining machine reaches the first end gap. Thereafter, the main mining machine operates in a cyclical manner between the beginning and end gaps. Throughout the mining process, the main mining machine moves from the beginning gap or... After the end gap, the next starting gap or the next end gap is pre-mined at the corresponding end. Specifically, the conveyor end corresponding to the starting or end gap is first pushed one step closer to the coal face. Then, the conveyor is pushed forward segment by segment following the main mining machine. The starting or end gap mining machine moves forward synchronously with the conveyor end. After two round trips of mining, the starting or end gap is mined. In the first round trip, the sliding section is positioned after the first cut, and in the second round trip, the sliding section is positioned before the last cut. After the last cut is completed, the machine is immediately switched to the sliding section rear-positioned state, ultimately obtaining the corresponding end gap. The depth shall be no less than twice the width of the main mining machine drum and shall be completed before the main mining machine re-enters the starting or ending gap. After the first ending gap is completed, each time the main mining machine enters the starting or ending gap, it shall temporarily stop alongside the starting or ending gap mining machine, push the end of the conveyor corresponding to the starting or ending gap to restore the conveyor to a straight state, and the starting or ending gap mining machine shall move forward synchronously with the end of the conveyor. The main mining machine shall also move forward synchronously with the end of the conveyor and prepare to leave the starting or ending gap.
4. The long working face non-oblique cutting combined mining technology as described in claim 3, characterized in that: In the initial state, the hydraulic support is arranged behind the conveyor, one step away from the conveyor. During the mining process, the main mining machine keeps pulling the support and pushing the conveyor. After the main mining machine leaves the starting gap or the ending gap, before pushing the end of the conveyor corresponding to the starting gap or the ending gap, the support is pulled to support the coal wall of the previous cut to be mined in time. During the last one-way stroke of the previous cut mining at the corresponding gap, the support is pulled to support the coal wall of the cut to be mined in time.
5. The long working face non-oblique cutting combined mining technology as described in claim 3, characterized in that: When the gap mining machine makes each round trip to mine the corresponding end gap, it first moves from the end of the working face to the middle and mines the upper coal, and then returns to the end and mines the lower coal.
6. The long working face non-oblique cutting combined mining technology as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The lengths of the initial and final notches shall not be less than the sum of the lengths of the corresponding end-opening notch mining machine and the length of the main mining machine.
7. The long working face non-oblique cutting combined mining technology as described in claims 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that: When the gap-cutting coal mining machine is at the corresponding end, its drum is placed in the corresponding end roadway.