Automatic lifting measurement and control device and method of deep hole geological displacement monitoring system

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic lifting measurement and control device and method of a deep hole geological displacement monitoring system. The system comprises an inclinometer probe, a flat cable provided with a positioning hole, and a ground driving unit, the ground driving unit comprises a ratchet wheel roller positively meshed with the positioning hole and is used for driving the inclinometer probe to ascend and descend; the zero position sensor and the triggering piece are used for depth calibration. The method comprises the steps that the inclinometer probe is driven to ascend and descend through positive meshing; when the measurement period starts, the probe is lifted to trigger the zero position sensor, and the depth counter is reset; and then accurate positioning measurement is performed based on the count value. Through positive meshing transmission and periodic zero calibration, the problem of inaccurate depth positioning caused by cable slipping and accumulative errors is solved, and high-precision automatic depth positioning is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological engineering monitoring equipment technology, and in particular to an automated lifting and control device and method for a deep-hole geological displacement monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] Automatic inclinometers are key equipment in monitoring geological hazards (such as slopes, foundation pits, and dams), used for long-term, automatic measurement of horizontal displacement at different depths below the earth's surface. Their working principle typically involves a clinometer probe with a built-in tilt sensor being moved back and forth within a pre-buried inclinometer tube via a cable to collect tilt data at various depth points, thereby retrieving the displacement profile of the strata.

[0003] In existing automated inclinometer systems, the lifting and positioning of the inclinometer probe often employs a combination of steel cable and friction winch (or hoist). The ground drive unit drives a friction wheel to rotate via a motor, relying on friction to wind up and unwind the steel cable. Simultaneously, an encoder linked to the motor records the number of revolutions to estimate the probe's descent depth. However, this positioning method based on friction transmission and encoder counting has inherent technical drawbacks:

[0004] In harsh field conditions, rainwater, mud, and other contaminants inevitably accumulate inside the inclinometer tube and on the surface of the steel cable. These contaminants significantly reduce the coefficient of friction between the steel cable and the friction wheel, causing slippage during lifting or lowering. Once slippage occurs, the motor encoder's count deviates from the probe's actual displacement, resulting in depth positioning errors that cannot be detected and corrected by the system itself.

[0005] The steel cable itself is elastic and will undergo tensile deformation when subjected to the force of the probe and its own weight. Simultaneously, the cable will also expand and contract due to changes in ambient temperature. At measurement depths of tens or even hundreds of meters, these physical deformations introduce non-negligible depth measurement errors. Over long periods of repeated motion, these minute errors accumulate, leading to long-term drift in depth positioning and severely impacting the accuracy and consistency of monitoring data over time.

[0006] Therefore, how to fundamentally solve the technical problems of low depth positioning accuracy and large cumulative error caused by cable slippage and physical deformation in traditional automatic inclinometers is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The main objective of this invention is to provide an automated lifting and control device and method for a deep-hole geological displacement monitoring system, which solves the problem of low depth positioning accuracy caused by cable slippage and cumulative errors in the prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an automated lifting and control device for a deep borehole geological displacement monitoring system, which is used to lift and lower a clinometer probe inside a clinometer tube. The device includes: the clinometer probe; a flat cable, one end of which is connected to the clinometer probe, the flat cable having multiple equally spaced positioning holes along its length; a ground drive unit disposed at the opening of the clinometer tube, the ground drive unit including a ratchet roller, the circumferential surface of which has multiple drive teeth adapted to the positioning holes; the drive teeth forcibly engaging with the positioning holes, driving the flat cable to lift and lower the clinometer probe in a positive meshing transmission manner; a zero-position sensor fixedly installed at the opening of the clinometer tube; and a trigger element disposed on the upper part of the clinometer probe, configured to trigger the zero-position sensor when the clinometer probe is lifted to the opening of the tube to generate a depth zero-position calibration signal.

[0009] Preferably, the flat cable is a steel-core flat optical cable, which includes a steel core layer for bearing tensile force and an insulating sheath layer covering the outside of the steel core layer; the positioning hole is a through hole that penetrates both the insulating sheath layer and the steel core layer, thereby ensuring that the driving tooth can directly mesh with the steel core layer to transmit force, so as to avoid transmission errors caused by deformation of the insulating sheath layer.

[0010] Preferably, the positioning hole is circular, and the driving tooth is a cylindrical tooth adapted to the positioning hole; the center distance between two adjacent positioning holes on the flat cable is defined as the cable pitch. The center-to-center distance between two adjacent driving teeth on the ratchet roller is defined as the roller pitch. The cable pitch With the roller pitch Satisfying the relation: This ensures that multiple drive cams can smoothly mesh with multiple positioning holes simultaneously throughout the entire transmission stroke.

[0011] Preferably, the zero-position sensor is a Hall effect sensor, which is encapsulated and fixed to the inner or outer wall of the inclinometer tube opening; the trigger is a permanent magnet, which is fixed to the housing of the inclinometer probe, and the magnetic field direction of the permanent magnet is configured to cause a jump in the output level of the Hall effect sensor when the inclinometer probe reaches a preset zero point.

[0012] Preferably, the ground drive unit further includes a drive motor, an encoder linked to the output shaft of the drive motor, and a controller; the drive motor is used to drive the ratchet roller to rotate; the controller is electrically connected to the drive motor, the encoder, and the zero-position sensor, and is used to control the start, stop, and speed of the drive motor, and to receive the counting signal from the encoder and the depth zero-position calibration signal from the zero-position sensor.

[0013] This invention also provides an automated lifting and control method for a deep-hole geological displacement monitoring system, comprising the following steps: a positive engagement drive step, wherein a ratchet roller in a ground drive unit rotates, forcibly engaging the drive teeth on the ratchet roller with the positioning holes on the flat cable, thereby driving the inclinometer probe connected to the flat cable to rise and fall within the inclinometer tube in a positive engagement manner; a zero-position calibration step, wherein at the beginning of each measurement cycle, the positive engagement drive step is executed to lift the inclinometer probe toward the inlet of the inclinometer tube until a trigger on the inclinometer probe triggers a zero-position sensor installed at the inlet; a depth zeroing step, wherein in response to the triggering of the zero-position sensor, the depth counter is reset to zero; and a measurement execution step, wherein the positive engagement drive step is executed to lower the inclinometer probe deeper into the inclinometer tube, and the inclinometer probe is precisely positioned at one or more preset measurement depth points based on the depth counter value for data acquisition.

[0014] Preferably, the zero-position calibration step specifically includes: a high-speed upward search step, in which the inclinometer probe is driven upward at a first preset speed until the controller first detects the trigger signal of the zero-position sensor; a low-speed downward search step, in which, after detecting the trigger signal, the driving direction is immediately reversed, and the inclinometer probe is driven downward a preset small distance at a second preset speed, so that the trigger element is removed from the sensing range of the zero-position sensor; and a fine-speed upward stator step, in which the driving direction is reversed again, and the inclinometer probe is driven upward at a third preset speed lower than the first preset speed, until the trigger signal of the zero-position sensor is detected stably again, and the position at this time is defined as the final depth zero point.

[0015] Preferably, in the precise stator mounting step, the controller continuously acquires the output signal voltage value of the zero-position sensor at a sampling frequency of not less than 1 kHz; the controller internally stores a trigger voltage threshold. When the controller detects continuous The voltage values ​​at each sampling point are consistently greater than the trigger voltage threshold. At that time, it is determined that the inclinometer probe has reached the final depth zero point, wherein It is an integer greater than or equal to 3; the depth zeroing step is executed immediately after determining that the final depth zero point has been reached.

[0016] Preferably, in the measurement execution step, the count value of the depth counter is updated by accumulating or subtracting based on the pulse signal generated by the encoder coaxially connected to the ratchet roller.

[0017] Preferably, the method further includes a cycle end step: after completing the data acquisition of all preset measurement depth points, the positive engagement drive step is executed to raise the inclinometer probe and stop it at the depth zero point calibrated by the zero-position sensor, so as to wait for the start of the next measurement cycle.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. By employing a positive meshing transmission system consisting of a flat cable with positioning holes and a ratchet roller with driving serrations, the traditional friction transmission method is completely replaced. This forced meshing relationship, similar to chain drive, eliminates slippage caused by wet, muddy, or load-changing cables from a physical structure perspective. It ensures that the rotation angle of the drive wheel strictly corresponds to the displacement of the cable, improving the depth repeatability positioning accuracy from centimeter-level in traditional solutions to millimeter-level.

[0020] 2. By installing a physical zero-point sensor at the inclinometer inlet and performing a zero-point calibration operation at the beginning of each measurement cycle, the depth counter is forcibly reset to zero. This mechanism effectively eliminates long-term cumulative errors that may be caused by factors such as the elastic elongation of the cable, thermal expansion and contraction, and mechanical clearances, ensuring that each measurement is based on an absolute and uniform physical reference point, thereby improving the reliability and consistency of long-term monitoring data.

[0021] 3. The positive meshing transmission principle does not rely on the friction coefficient between the contact surfaces, and therefore is unaffected by environmental pollutants such as rainwater and mud. Even in harsh field conditions such as wetness and mud, the system can still reliably drive the inclinometer probe to rise and fall, maintaining high-precision positioning capabilities, demonstrating environmental adaptability and operational reliability far superior to traditional friction transmission solutions. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is an overall structural block diagram of the high-precision lifting and positioning system for an automatic inclinometer provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ground drive unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the meshing relationship between the ratchet roller and the flat cable provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the high-precision lifting and positioning method for an automatic inclinometer provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a detailed flowchart of the zero-position calibration steps provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of an automatic inclinometer provided by a background technology or comparative embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] Please see Figures 1 to 3 This embodiment provides an automated lifting and control device for a deep borehole geological displacement monitoring system. This solution is used to precisely lift and position a clinometer probe 102 within a pre-embedded underground clinometer tube to perform automated deep horizontal displacement monitoring. The overall architecture of the solution includes a ground drive unit 101 located on the ground, a downhole sensing unit (i.e., the clinometer probe 102) operating within the clinometer tube, and a transmission medium connecting the two, namely a flat cable 103.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the inclinometer probe 102 can be designed as a modular, integrated monitoring device, specifically including the following functional modules:

[0033] Horizontal displacement monitoring module: Built-in high-precision MEMS accelerometer or servo accelerometer for measuring the tilt angle of the tube.

[0034] Layered Settlement Monitoring Module: In this embodiment, one or more magnetic rings (or magnetic settlement markers) are pre-installed on the outer wall of the pre-embedded inclinometer tube, based on the geological soil layer distribution. These magnetic rings can undergo vertical displacement synchronously with the compression or expansion of the surrounding soil layers. Correspondingly, a magnetic sensor (such as a reed switch or Hall element) is integrated inside the inclinometer probe 102. When the positive engagement drive unit of this invention drives the probe past the magnetic ring position, the magnetic sensor is triggered. Because the driving method of this invention eliminates cable slippage error, the magnetic ring trigger depth recorded by the controller is extremely accurate. By comparing the magnetic ring depth data at different times, the layered settlement of each soil layer can be calculated.

[0035] Water level monitoring module: A high-precision pressure water level sensor is integrated at the bottom or side of the probe to monitor changes in groundwater level or pore water pressure in the observation well in real time, providing hydrological parameters for geological disaster analysis.

[0036] AI visual inspection module: A wide-angle camera and a ring light are integrated on the top of the probe or at a specific location. During the lifting and lowering process, the camera continuously takes pictures or records videos of the inner wall of the inclinometer tube. The image data is transmitted at high speed to the ground controller 111 via optical fiber or copper wire in the flat cable 103.

[0037] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the ground drive unit 101 is the power and control core of the entire system, and it is typically installed on a concrete base at the inclinometer inlet. In one specific embodiment, the ground drive unit 101 includes a controller 111, a drive motor 112, an encoder 113, and a ratchet roller 114. The controller 111 can be a microcontroller (MCU) or a programmable logic controller (PLC), serving as the system's control center, responsible for executing lifting logic, processing sensor signals, and data communication. The system also includes a power supply module to power the controller 111 and the drive motor 112, among other electrical components. In a preferred embodiment, the drive motor 112 is a NEMA 34 stepper motor, connected to the ratchet roller 114 via a precision planetary gearbox with a reduction ratio of 20:1, to provide sufficient torque and finer motion control. The encoder 113 is coaxially linked to the output shaft of the drive motor 112, generating pulse signals proportional to the motor's rotation angle for the controller 111 to perform depth counting. To ensure the levelness and alignment accuracy of the installation, the entire frame of the ground drive unit 101 can be mounted on a three-axis leveling base.

[0038] One of the core innovations of this embodiment lies in the transmission method. The transmission medium is a specially designed flat cable 103, one end of which is mechanically connected to the inclinometer probe 102, and the other end is wound around the ratchet roller 114 of the ground drive unit 101. Figure 3As shown, the flat cable 103 has multiple equally spaced positioning holes 131 along its length. Correspondingly, the circumferential surface of the ratchet roller 114 is provided with multiple drive teeth 141 that are adapted to the positioning holes 131. When the drive motor 112 drives the ratchet roller 114 to rotate, the drive teeth 141 will sequentially and forcibly engage with the positioning holes 131 of the flat cable 103, forming a positive meshing transmission. This transmission method is similar to the relationship between a sprocket and a chain, eliminating the possibility of slippage from a physical structure perspective.

[0039] To ensure high precision and strength in transmission, the structure and parameters of the flat cable 103 have been optimized. In this embodiment, the flat cable 103 is a multi-core steel wire reinforced polyurethane flat optical cable with an overall width of 20 mm and a thickness of 4 mm. Two symmetrical 1.5 mm diameter 304 stainless steel wire ropes are pre-embedded inside the cable as a load-bearing skeleton, resulting in a tensile strength greater than 2000 N and a breaking strength greater than 250 kg. The positioning holes 131 of the cable are preferably circular holes of 5 mm to 6 mm, and the center-to-center distance (i.e., pitch) of the holes is strictly controlled to 20.0 mm. These positioning holes are through holes, penetrating both the outer polyurethane sheath layer and the inner steel wire rope load-bearing layer, ensuring that the drive tooth 141 can directly mesh with the high-strength steel core layer to transmit force, avoiding minor transmission errors that may be introduced due to deformation of the sheath layer under pressure.

[0040] In conjunction with the flat cable 103, the ratchet roller 114 is made of 7075 aluminum alloy by CNC machining to ensure dimensional accuracy and mechanical strength. The roller has 12 drive convex teeth 141, with a tooth width of 5.8 mm and a tooth height of 3.5 mm. The drive convex teeth 141 and the positioning holes 131 form a clearance fit, with a preferred single-sided clearance of 0.1 mm, ensuring smooth engagement while minimizing transmission backlash. To ensure smooth simultaneous engagement of multiple teeth throughout the entire stroke, the cable pitch... The center-to-center distance between adjacent drive teeth on the drum (drum pitch) Strict tolerance requirements need to be met. In this embodiment, the tolerance relationship is defined by the following formula: .

[0041] Through the aforementioned positive meshing structure, a defined physical relationship is established between the probe's lowering depth and the number of teeth driven by the motor. Specifically, the system calculates the depth based on this relationship, that is, it determines the probe's displacement based on the product of the number of teeth rotated by the ratchet roller and the cable pitch. In a preferred embodiment, the above calculation logic is implemented using the following formula:

[0042]

[0043] in, This indicates the lowering depth of the inclinometer probe 102. This indicates the number of drive teeth 141 that have rotated through the ratchet roller 114. This indicates the pitch of the positioning hole 131 of the flat cable 103 (20.0 mm in this embodiment). This depth calculation method based on physical counting has a physical resolution of pitch for a single displacement. That is, 20 millimeters. With the stepper motor's microstepping drive technology, the actual displacement resolution can reach 1 millimeter.

[0044] Another core innovation of this embodiment lies in the periodic depth zero-position self-calibration mechanism. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the system has a zero-position sensor 104 fixedly installed at the inclinometer tube opening, and a corresponding trigger 105 positioned on the upper part of the inclinometer probe 102 (e.g., at the neck position where it connects to the cable). In this embodiment, the zero-position sensor 104 is preferably a normally open Hall effect sensor, which is encapsulated and fixed at the tube flange with its sensing surface facing inwards. The trigger 105 is a high-strength neodymium iron boron permanent magnet ring with a specially configured magnetic field direction. When the inclinometer probe 102 is raised to a preset zero point, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet ring triggers the Hall effect sensor, causing a clear jump in its output level, thereby generating a precise depth zero-position calibration signal. Upon receiving this signal, the controller 111 forcibly resets its internal depth counter to zero.

[0045] In addition, to ensure the inclinometer probe 102 operates smoothly within the tube and maintains cable tension, a lead counterweight is suspended at the end of the flat cable 103, preferably with a mass 1.5 times that of the inclinometer probe 102. The inclinometer probe 102 and the flat cable 103 are connected via a current-collecting ring type rotary joint (i.e., an anti-torsion slip ring joint). This joint has multiple conductive slip rings (e.g., 4 gold-to-gold contacts) inside, which, while ensuring reliable signal transmission, allows the probe to rotate freely relative to the cable, thereby releasing the torsional stress generated during cable winding and preventing the probe from getting stuck or derailing in the guide groove of the inclinometer tube due to excessive torque.

[0046] Through the above structural design, the system of this embodiment demonstrates significant advantages in functional verification experiments. In a comparative test, for a 50-meter deep well logging operation, after 50 reciprocating rises and falls, the depth repeatability error of the positive meshing scheme in this embodiment was only ±2mm (mainly affected by the thermal expansion and contraction of the cable), while the error of the traditional friction wheel drive scheme was as high as ±25mm (due to cumulative slippage). In a load slippage test simulating probe jamming, the friction wheel of the traditional scheme slipped directly, causing the motor to idle and the depth counter to completely fail; while the scheme of this embodiment would cause the stepper motor to lose steps and trigger an alarm due to excessive load, and the depth counter would lock before losing steps, preventing the generation of false depth data. In the humid environment adaptability test under rain conditions, the traditional scheme could not raise the probe due to the decrease in the friction coefficient, while this embodiment was completely unaffected by the water film and worked normally. These data strongly demonstrate the significant improvement of this technical solution in terms of high precision and high reliability.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] Please see Figure 4 and Figure 5 This embodiment provides an automated lifting and control method for a deep-hole geological displacement monitoring system. This method aims to fully leverage the advantages of positive meshing transmission and zero-position calibration hardware through precise control logic.

[0049] The method includes the following main steps:

[0050] Step S401: Positive engagement drive step. Controller 111 controls drive motor 112 to drive ratchet roller 114 to rotate. Drive teeth 141 on ratchet roller 114 are forcibly engaged with positioning holes 131 on flat cable 103, thereby precisely driving inclinometer probe 102 connected to flat cable 103 to rise or fall inside inclinometer tube in a non-slip positive engagement manner.

[0051] Step S402: Zero-point calibration step. At the beginning of each automated measurement cycle, the system first performs zero-point calibration. Controller 111 executes step S401, driving the inclinometer probe 102 to rise towards the inclinometer tube opening until the trigger 105 (permanent magnet ring) on ​​the inclinometer probe 102 enters the sensing range of the zero-point sensor 104 (Hall sensor) installed at the tube opening and triggers it.

[0052] To obtain a highly repeatable zero-point location, the zero-point calibration step S402 can be further refined as follows: Figure 5 The three-stage precision positioning process is shown below:

[0053] Step S501: High-speed inclinometer search step. Controller 111 drives inclinometer probe 102 upward at a relatively high first preset speed (e.g., 50 mm / s) to quickly locate the sensing area of ​​the zero-position sensor. Controller 111 continuously monitors the signal of zero-position sensor 104, and immediately proceeds to the next step once the first trigger signal is detected (e.g., signal level changes from low to high).

[0054] Step S502: Low-speed downward super-sub step. After detecting the trigger signal, the controller 111 immediately reverses the rotation direction of the drive motor 112, driving the inclinometer probe 102 downward a short preset distance (e.g., 5 mm) at a lower second preset speed (e.g., 10 mm / s). The purpose of this step is to completely remove the trigger element 105 from the sensing range of the zero-position sensor 104, eliminating the overshoot and sensor hysteresis effects caused by high-speed movement, and preparing for final precise positioning.

[0055] Step S503: Precision stator raising step. Controller 111 reverses the drive direction again, driving the inclinometer probe 102 slowly upward at a very low third preset speed (e.g., 2 mm / s). During this process, controller 111 performs high-frequency sampling and digital filtering on the output signal of the zero-position sensor 104. When a trigger signal is stably detected, controller 111 immediately stops the motor and defines the current position as the final, high-precision depth zero point.

[0056] To achieve microsecond-level determination at the electronic level, the "stability detection" logic in the precise stator step S503 can be further specified: the controller 111 continuously acquires the output signal voltage value of the zero-position sensor 104 at a sampling frequency of not less than 1 kHz. The controller 111 internally stores a trigger voltage threshold. (e.g., 2.5 volts). When controller 111 detects continuous... The voltage values ​​at each sampling point are consistently greater than (or less than, depending on the sensor logic) the trigger voltage threshold. Only then is it determined that the inclinometer probe 102 has accurately reached the final depth zero point. Among these, This is an integer used for image stabilization, typically with a value greater than or equal to 3. This digital signal processing method, based on threshold crossing and multi-point confirmation, effectively avoids false triggering caused by electrical noise or mechanical vibration.

[0057] Step S403: Depth zeroing step. Once the controller 111 has reached the final depth zero point according to the logic determination in step S402, it immediately performs a depth zeroing operation, forcibly resetting the count value of the counter or register storing the depth value to zero.

[0058] Step S404: Measurement Execution Step. After zeroing the depth, the system begins the formal measurement operation. Controller 111 executes step S401, driving the inclinometer probe 102 to descend deeper into the inclinometer tube. During the descent, controller 111 increments and updates the depth counter based on the pulse signal generated by encoder 113, which is coaxially connected to ratchet roller 114, thereby tracking the probe's depth in real time. When the depth counter value reaches one or more preset measurement depth points, controller 111 pauses the probe's movement and triggers the tilt sensor inside the inclinometer probe 102 to acquire data.

[0059] - Collect tilt angle and water level data, and store them in conjunction with the current precise depth value;

[0060] - Collect stratified settlement signals. If a magnetic ring signal is detected, record the current high-precision absolute position of the encoder as the settlement reference.

[0061] - Acquire visual image data. The controller 111 or the backend server has a built-in AI intelligent analysis algorithm (such as edge detection and shape recognition algorithms based on convolutional neural networks CNN). This algorithm processes the acquired pipe wall images to identify features such as pipe wall extrusion deformation, cracks, and misalignment; and reconstructs a 3D morphological model of the inside of the inclinometer tube by stitching together multiple image sequences. The pipe shape obtained by AI analysis is cross-validated with the displacement curve calculated by the tilt sensor, which greatly improves the reliability of the monitoring results and solves the blind spot of traditional inclinometers that "only know the data but not the shape".

[0062] After the data collection is completed, continue descending to the next depth point until all preset points have been measured.

[0063] Step S405: End of Cycle. After completing data acquisition at all preset depth points within a measurement cycle, the controller 111 executes step S401 again, raising the inclinometer probe 102 from its deepest point and finally stopping it at the depth zero point calibrated by the zero-position sensor 104. The probe remains in this position, awaiting the start command for the next measurement cycle. By retracting the probe to a fixed physical zero point, both the probe is protected, and the foundation for rapid start-up and accuracy assurance for the next measurement is laid.

[0064] Example 3

[0065] Please see Figure 6 The figure illustrates an installation diagram of an automatic inclinometer for understanding the background of this invention. The system mainly consists of a main unit, transmission structure, motor, etc. on the surface, and an inclinometer pipe, inclinometer sensor, and accessories underground.

[0066] On the surface, a concrete base provides a stable foundation for the entire device. Above the base, the power and control assembly, protected by a shield, is mounted. A drive belt extends from the surface transmission structure to the bottom of the inclinometer pipe. The inclinometer sensor and accessories are fixed to the drive belt and move up and down within the pipe as the belt moves. A counterweight is placed at the bottom of the drive belt to maintain tension and prevent it from slackening or becoming entangled downhole.

[0067] Figure 6 The enlarged detailed view on the right shows the specific structure of the inclinometer sensor and its accessories. From top to bottom, the assembly includes an upper connecting section, an upper guide wheel assembly, the sensor body, and a lower guide wheel assembly. The upper connecting section, 150 mm long, connects to the drive belt, with a connection hole diameter of Φ12 mm. The overall width of the assembly is 33 mm. The upper and lower guide wheels are used for stable sliding within the internal guide grooves of the inclinometer tube, with a maximum unfolded outer width of 83.7 mm. The figure also marks some key length dimensions, such as the overall length of the assembly (561.5 mm) and the wheelbase between the centers of the upper and lower guide wheels (266.5 mm). This structure relies on the friction between the drive belt and the ground drive wheel for propulsion; as described in the background section, this can easily lead to inaccurate depth positioning due to slippage and other issues.

[0068] It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and improvements based on the technical solutions and concepts of the present invention, but all such changes and improvements will fall within the protection scope of the present invention. For example, the specific type of zero-position sensor is not limited to a Hall sensor, but can also be other sensor types capable of non-contact high-precision positioning such as photoelectric switches and magnetostrictive sensors; the shape of the positioning hole on the flat cable is not limited to a circle or a circle, but can be other shapes that facilitate engagement. These equivalent substitutions or modifications should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automated lifting and control device for a deep-hole geological displacement monitoring system, used to lift and lower a clinometer probe inside a clinometer tube, characterized in that, include: The inclinometer probe; A flat cable, one end of which is connected to the inclinometer probe, has multiple equally spaced positioning holes along its length. A ground drive unit is disposed at the inlet of the inclinometer tube. The ground drive unit includes a ratchet roller, and the circumferential surface of the ratchet roller is provided with a plurality of drive teeth that are adapted to the positioning hole. The drive teeth are forcibly engaged with the positioning hole to drive the flat cable to move the inclinometer probe up and down in a positive meshing transmission manner. A zero-position sensor is fixedly installed at the inlet of the inclinometer tube; as well as A trigger, located on the upper part of the inclinometer probe, is configured to trigger the zero-position sensor when the inclinometer probe is raised to the nozzle to generate a depth zero-position calibration signal.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flat cable is a steel-core flat optical cable, which includes a steel core layer for bearing tensile force and an insulating sheath layer covering the outside of the steel core layer; the positioning hole is a through hole that penetrates both the insulating sheath layer and the steel core layer, so as to enable the driving tooth to directly mesh with the steel core layer to transmit force.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The positioning hole is circular in shape, and the driving tooth is a cylindrical tooth adapted to the positioning hole; the center distance between two adjacent positioning holes on the flat cable is defined as the cable pitch. The center-to-center distance between two adjacent driving teeth on the ratchet roller is defined as the roller pitch. The cable pitch With the roller pitch Satisfying the relation: .

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The zero-position sensor is a Hall effect sensor, which is encapsulated and fixed to the inner or outer wall of the inclinometer tube opening; the trigger is a permanent magnet, which is fixed to the housing of the inclinometer probe, and the magnetic field direction of the permanent magnet is configured to cause a jump in the output level of the Hall effect sensor when the inclinometer probe reaches a preset zero point.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ground drive unit also includes a drive motor, an encoder linked to the output shaft of the drive motor, and a controller; the drive motor is used to drive the ratchet roller to rotate; the controller is electrically connected to the drive motor, the encoder, and the zero-position sensor, and is used to control the start, stop, and speed of the drive motor, and to receive the counting signal from the encoder and the depth zero-position calibration signal from the zero-position sensor.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inclinometer probe also integrates a water level sensor, a settlement sensor, and a vision module; the settlement sensor is configured to work with the magnetic marker on the inclinometer tube to monitor stratified settlement, and the controller is configured to use AI algorithms to process the images acquired by the vision module to analyze the shape of the inclinometer tube.

7. An automated lifting and control method for a deep-hole geological displacement monitoring system, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: In the positive engagement drive step, the ratchet roller in the ground drive unit rotates, causing the drive teeth on the ratchet roller to engage with the positioning holes on the flat cable, thereby driving the inclinometer probe connected to the flat cable to rise and fall in the inclinometer tube in a positive engagement manner. The zero-position calibration step involves executing the positive engagement drive step at the beginning of each measurement cycle to lift the inclinometer probe toward the inclinometer tube opening until the trigger on the inclinometer probe triggers the zero-position sensor installed at the tube opening. The depth zeroing step, in response to the triggering of the zero-position sensor, resets the count value of the depth counter to zero; The measurement execution step involves executing the positive engagement drive step to lower the inclinometer probe deeper into the inclinometer tube, and accurately positioning the inclinometer probe at one or more preset measurement depth points based on the count value of the depth counter for data acquisition.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The zero-position calibration step specifically includes: In the high-speed child-finding step, the inclinometer probe is driven to move upward at a first preset speed until the controller in the ground drive unit detects the trigger signal of the zero-position sensor for the first time. In the low-speed super-step, after detecting the trigger signal, the driving direction is immediately reversed, and the inclinometer probe is driven to move downward a preset small distance at a second preset speed, so that the trigger element is out of the sensing range of the zero-position sensor. After the precise stator step, the drive direction is reversed again, and the inclinometer probe is driven upward at a third preset speed lower than the first preset speed until the trigger signal of the zero-position sensor is detected again stably, and the position at this time is defined as the final depth zero point.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the precise stator mounting step, the controller continuously acquires the output signal voltage value of the zero-position sensor at a sampling frequency of not less than 1 kHz; the controller internally stores a trigger voltage threshold. ; When the controller detects a continuous The voltage values ​​at each sampling point are consistently greater than the trigger voltage threshold. At that time, it is determined that the inclinometer probe has reached the final depth zero point, wherein It is an integer greater than or equal to 3; the depth zeroing step is executed immediately after determining that the final depth zero point has been reached.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the measurement execution step, the depth counter's count value is updated by accumulating or subtracting based on the pulse signal generated by the encoder coaxially connected to the ratchet roller.

Images