Intelligent grinding device and method based on axle production

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of columnar part grinding, and particularly discloses an intelligent grinding device and method based on axle production, the intelligent grinding device comprises a grinding piece used for grinding the outer rotation face of an axle body and a driving piece driving the axle body to rotate, and the driving piece is provided with a clamp for clamping the axle body; the device is characterized in that a limiting shaft is arranged at the end, away from the shaft body, of the driving piece, and the driving piece is arranged on the limiting shaft in a sleeving mode and allowed to slide and rotate in the axis direction of the limiting shaft; a channel is formed in the outer wall of the driving piece. Through meshing transmission of the spiral groove channel of the driving part and the driving disc, the shaft body achieves autorotation and axial sliding at the same time in the grinding process, spiral feeding motion is formed, the outer diameter deviation caused by single-side continuous extrusion is avoided, and it is guaranteed that the whole section of the shaft body is uniform in size; the driving groove of the retainer is matched with the adjusting groove, so that the distance between the polishing piece and the shaft body can be dynamically adjusted to adapt to shaft bodies with different diameters; the sliding design of the rotating frame and the assistance of the hydraulic telescopic rod simplify the feeding and discharging operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grinding technology for cylindrical parts, and more particularly to an intelligent grinding device and method based on wheel and axle production. Background Technology

[0002] The intelligent grinding device based on wheel and axle production is an intelligent grinding device used in wheel and axle production. It automatically clamps the wheel and axle using a robotic arm or multi-axis platform and uses sensors to detect its dimensions and surface defects in real time. Subsequently, the device automatically adjusts the pressure, angle, and speed of the grinding head according to a preset program or real-time feedback, and performs adaptive grinding and polishing on the outer circle, end face, and tooth groove of the wheel and axle, thereby significantly improving processing accuracy and consistency, and reducing manual intervention and dust pollution.

[0003] To grind cylindrical parts (such as axles), existing technologies typically employ centerless grinders or clamp grinders. Centerless grinders use a grinding workpiece and a support to press the part together, and a drive wheel to rotate the part to achieve grinding. Clamp grinders use a clamp to hold one or both ends of the part, causing it to rotate, and then the grinding workpiece is moved along the central axis of the part to achieve grinding.

[0004] One method of holding the parts for grinding on a grinding machine involves simply rotating the parts. A problem arises because during the grinding process, the grinding machine applies pressure to the parts, potentially causing slight eccentricity of the rotation axis. This can lead to diameter deviations at various points on cylindrical parts during the subsequent grinding process. Centerless grinding machines, by directly pressing the cylindrical parts, avoid this problem. However, for parts with bosses (such as...),... Figure 7 The left side of the central shaft 1 (this part is usually used for the connector for subsequent installation) is a part that the grinding part, base and drive wheel should avoid in this area, which requires the grinding equipment to be adapted to this type of part separately.

[0005] Therefore, a new polishing device and polishing method are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this section is to outline some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and to briefly describe some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions may be made in this section, as well as in the abstract and title of this application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of these documents; however, such simplifications or omissions should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0007] This invention provides an intelligent grinding device and method based on wheel and axle production, which can solve the problem of slight deviations in the outer diameter of various positions when grinding cylindrical parts in existing technologies. The specific solution is as follows: On one hand, this invention provides an intelligent grinding device based on wheel and axle production, including a grinding component for grinding the outer rotating surface of the axle and a driving component for driving the axle to rotate. The driving component has a clamp for holding the axle. The device is characterized in that: the end of the driving component away from the axle has a limiting shaft; the driving component is sleeved on the limiting shaft and allows the driving component to slide and rotate along the central axis of the limiting shaft; a channel is formed on the outer wall of the driving component, and the channel is spirally arranged on the driving component; the channel has a double-layer design, with both ends of the double-layer channel connected to form a closed loop; several evenly distributed interlocking pins are provided between the double-layer channel; one side of the driving component has a driving disk, and several interlocking teeth are evenly distributed around the driving disk; a rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the center of the driving disk, and one end of the rotating shaft extends into the interior of the channel; the limiting shaft can limit the sliding trajectory of the driving component, and the limiting rod and limiting sleeve guide the displacement of the driving shaft. This dual guiding mechanism reduces vibration and extends the equipment life. When the shaft and drive disk rotate, the meshing teeth and meshing pins form a meshing transmission, causing the drive component to drive the shaft to be ground to slide and rotate along the central axis of the limiting shaft. Through the meshing transmission between the spiral groove of the drive component and the drive disk, the shaft can simultaneously rotate and slide axially during grinding, forming a spiral feed motion. This avoids the outer diameter deviation caused by continuous extrusion on one side in traditional grinding, ensuring uniform dimensions throughout the shaft.

[0008] Preferably, the spiral formed by the channel on the outer wall of the drive component is more than one turn.

[0009] Preferably, the range of movement of the drive component is configured to allow the grinding component to cover the length range of the shaft.

[0010] Preferably, a drive shaft is fixed to the side of the grinding component away from the shaft body, and a rotating frame is provided on the side of the drive shaft away from the grinding component. An adjustment groove is provided on the rotating frame, and a grinding motor is installed at one end of the drive shaft. The grinding motor drives the drive shaft and the grinding component to rotate. By having multiple grinding components revolve around the shaft body and rotate on their own axis, a wrap-around grinding is formed. Combined with the sliding range of the drive component, it covers the entire length of the shaft body, eliminating grinding blind spots.

[0011] Preferably, the rotating frame rotates around the central axis of the shaft under the drive of the revolution motor, so that the grinding part can revolve around the rotation surface of the shaft and grind the outer wall of the shaft in conjunction with the rotation of the grinding part.

[0012] Preferably, a retainer is provided on one side of the rotating frame, and the retainer is rotatably connected to the rotating frame. The retainer has a drive groove, and the distance between the two ends of the drive groove and the center of the rotating frame is the same as the distance between the two ends of the adjustment groove and the center of the rotating frame. When the retainer rotates, it drives the drive shaft to slide in the adjustment groove through the drive groove. The drive groove and the adjustment groove of the retainer cooperate to dynamically adjust the distance between the grinding part and the shaft, and adapt to shafts of different diameters. The sliding design of the rotating frame and the assistance of the hydraulic telescopic rod simplify the loading and unloading operation.

[0013] Preferably, a drive sleeve is provided on the side of the retainer away from the rotating frame and fitted onto the outer wall of the drive shaft. A limit rod is fixedly connected to the outer side of the drive sleeve, and a limit sleeve is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating frame. The limit rod and the limit sleeve are slidably connected, and the central axis of the limit rod is in the same direction as the sliding direction of the drive shaft inside the adjustment groove.

[0014] Preferably, a rotating seat is installed at the end of the rotating frame away from the shaft, the top of the rotating frame is rotatably connected to the rotating seat, and the bottom of the rotating seat can slide along the central axis of the shaft, so that the rotating frame moves closer to or away from the shaft.

[0015] Preferably, the shaft is transported to one side of the drive unit by a three-axis robotic arm, so that one end of the shaft is inserted into the clamp.

[0016] On the other hand, the present invention provides an intelligent polishing method based on wheel and axle production, employing an intelligent polishing device based on wheel and axle production as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. The shaft to be ground is clamped and fixed by the clamp on the drive unit; S2. Start the drive disk to rotate around its own axis. The meshing teeth on the drive disk rotate with the drive disk and mesh with the meshing pins between the drive component slots for transmission. S3. Through the meshing action of the biting teeth and the biting column, the driving component is driven to slide back and forth along the central axis of the limiting shaft. At the same time, the driving component drives the shaft fixed by the clamp to slide synchronously along the central axis of the limiting shaft. S4. Through the meshing action of the meshing teeth and the meshing column, the driving component is driven to rotate around the central axis of the limiting shaft. At the same time, the driving component drives the fixed shaft to rotate synchronously through the clamp. S5. During the combined motion of sliding and rotating along the central axis of the limiting shaft, the outer rotating surface of the shaft is polished using a grinding tool.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention can improve the quality and consistency of grinding: through the meshing transmission between the spiral groove of the drive component and the drive disk, the shaft can simultaneously rotate and slide axially during grinding, forming a spiral feed motion, avoiding the outer diameter deviation caused by continuous extrusion on one side in traditional grinding, and ensuring uniform dimensions throughout the shaft.

[0018] 2. This invention enhances the adaptability of the equipment: the drive groove and adjustment groove of the cage cooperate to dynamically adjust the distance between the grinding part and the shaft, adapting to shafts of different diameters; the sliding design of the rotating frame and the assistance of the hydraulic telescopic rod simplify the loading and unloading operation.

[0019] 3. This invention can optimize grinding efficiency and coverage: multiple grinding parts revolve around the shaft and rotate on their own axis to form a wrapping grinding effect. Combined with the sliding range of the drive component, it covers the entire length of the shaft and eliminates grinding blind spots.

[0020] 4. This invention can achieve complex motion coordinated control: by linking the worm gear and worm with the first gear, the second gear and the third gear, the power of the revolution motor is diverted to the drive plate and the rotating frame, and the rotation of the shaft, feed and revolution of the grinding part are precisely coordinated.

[0021] 5. This invention can ensure operational stability: the limiting shaft can restrict the sliding trajectory of the driving component, the limiting rod and the limiting sleeve guide the displacement of the driving shaft, and the dual guiding mechanism reduces vibration and extends the service life of the equipment.

[0022] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein: Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the driving component of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the grinding part of the present invention; Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the grinding part of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the adjusting groove and the driving groove of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the driving component and fixture of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a perspective view of the shaft to be polished according to the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the revolution drive of the grinding component of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a top view of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a front view of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0024] The reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows: 1. Shaft; 2. Grinding component; 3. Drive component; 4. Limiting shaft; 5. Groove; 6. Engaging post; 7. Drive disc; 8. Engaging teeth; 9. Rotating shaft; 10. Drive shaft; 11. Rotating frame; 12. Adjusting groove; 13. Grinding motor; 14. Revolution motor; 15. Cage; 16. Drive groove; 17. Drive sleeve; 18. Limiting rod; 19. Limiting sleeve; 20. Rotating seat; 21. Hydraulic rod; 22. Clamping block; 23. Worm gear; 24. Worm; 25. First gear; 26. Second gear; 27. Third gear; 29. ​​Sliding rod; 30. Sliding sleeve; 31. Hydraulic telescopic rod. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form part of the present invention and, together with the embodiments of the present invention, serve to illustrate the principles of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1: As Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides an intelligent grinding device based on wheel and axle production, including a grinding component 2 for grinding the outer rotating surface of the shaft 1 and a driving component 3 for driving the shaft 1 to rotate. The driving component 3 has a clamp for clamping the shaft, and a limiting shaft 4 is provided at the end of the driving component 3 away from the shaft 1. The driving component 3 is sleeved on the limiting shaft 4 and allows the driving component 3 to slide and rotate along the central axis of the limiting shaft 4.

[0027] The outer wall of the drive component 3 is provided with a channel 5, which is arranged in a spiral shape on the drive component 3. The channel 5 is a double-layer design, and both ends of the double-layer channel 5 are connected to form a closed loop. There are several evenly distributed interlocking posts 6 between the double-layer channel 5. One side of the drive component 3 has a drive disk 7, and several interlocking teeth 8 are evenly distributed around the drive disk 7. A rotating shaft 9 is fixed in the middle of the drive disk 7, and one end of the rotating shaft 9 extends into the interior of the channel 5.

[0028] In the above scheme, when the rotating shaft 9 and the drive disk 7 rotate, the meshing teeth 8 and the meshing pins 6 form a meshing transmission. When the rotating disk 7 continues to rotate in one direction, the meshing teeth 8 can rotate around several meshing pins 6 in sequence, thereby driving the drive component 3 to rotate. Since the channel 5 is spiral and one end of the rotating shaft 9 is restricted to slide within the channel 5, the drive component 3 can slide along the central axis of the limiting shaft 4 while rotating.

[0029] As one possible implementation, such as Figure 2As shown, the spiral line formed by the channel 5 on the outer wall of the drive member 3 is more than one turn. In this embodiment, a full turn is shown. In actual applications, it can be multiple turns, depending on the length of the shaft 1. The sum of the spiral line pitches is the distance that the drive member 3 can move after the drive disk 7 has traveled through all the engagement pins 6. This allows the range of movement of the drive member 3 to cover the length range of the shaft 1 with the grinding member 2, avoiding omission of the grinding area.

[0030] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, a drive shaft 10 is fixedly connected to the side of the grinding part 2 away from the shaft 1. The side of the drive shaft 10 away from the grinding part 2 has a rotating frame 11, on which an adjustment groove 12 is provided. A grinding motor 13 is installed at one end of the drive shaft 10, and the grinding motor 13 drives the drive shaft 10 and the grinding part 2 to rotate. In the above scheme, the rotating frame 11 rotates around the central axis of the shaft 1 under the drive of the revolution motor 14, so that the grinding part 2 can revolve around the rotation surface of the shaft 1, and grind the outer wall of the shaft in conjunction with the rotation of the grinding part 2.

[0031] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, a retainer 15 is provided on one side of the rotating frame 11. The retainer 15 is rotatably connected to the rotating frame 11. A drive groove 16 is provided on the retainer 15. The distance between the two ends of the drive groove 16 and the center of the rotating frame 11 is the same as the distance between the two ends of the adjustment groove 12 and the center of the rotating frame 11 (e.g., ...). Figure 5 As shown, the two ends of the drive groove 16 and the adjustment groove 12 are located on diameter a and diameter b, respectively. When the cage 15 rotates, the drive shaft 10 is driven to slide in the adjustment groove 12 through the drive groove 16, thereby adjusting the distance between the grinding part 2 and the outer wall of the shaft body 1, so as to facilitate the adaptation of shaft bodies 1 with different diameters.

[0032] like Figure 4 As shown, a drive sleeve 17 is provided on the side of the retainer 15 away from the rotating frame 11 and sleeved on the outer wall of the drive shaft 10. A limit rod 18 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the drive sleeve 17, and a limit sleeve 19 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating frame 11. The limit rod 18 and the limit sleeve 19 are slidably connected. The central axis of the limit rod 18 is the same as the sliding direction of the drive shaft 10 inside the adjustment groove 12.

[0033] In the above scheme, by rotating the retainer 15, the drive shaft 10 can be slid in the adjustment groove 12 under the drive of the drive sleeve 17. As a way to drive the retainer 15, a micro motor can be set on the rotating frame 11 to drive the retainer 15 to rotate, or a telescopic component (such as an electric telescopic rod) can be set at the end of one of the limiting rods 18 to drive one of the limiting rods 18 to rotate, thereby causing the retainer 15 to rotate under the squeezing action of the drive groove 16, and then the retainer 15 drives the other drive shafts 10 to slide in the adjustment groove 12.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, a rotating seat 20 is installed at the end of the rotating frame 11 away from the shaft 1. The top of the rotating frame 11 is rotatably connected to the rotating seat 20. The rotating frame 11 is installed at a fixed point (usually the workshop floor or other immovable steel frame). The bottom of the rotating seat 20 can slide along the central axis of the shaft 1, so that the rotating frame 11 can move closer to or away from the shaft 1, thereby facilitating the loading and unloading of the shaft 1.

[0035] As one possible method for loading and unloading the shaft 1, the shaft 1 is transported to one side of the drive unit 3 by a three-axis robotic arm (not shown in the figure), so that one end of the shaft 1 is inserted into the clamp.

[0036] It should be noted that a three-axis robotic arm is an automated mechanical device with three independent axes of motion. Its working principle is based on the coordinated control of joint movements, precise calculation of kinematic models, and the integration of modular structures, aiming to achieve precise positioning and operation of the end effector in three-dimensional space. The following details its principles from a core perspective: Core components: triaxial structure and transmission mechanism The core structure of a three-axis robotic arm consists of three series-connected rotary / linear motion axes (the specific form varies depending on the application scenario). Through the integration of drive mechanisms (such as servo motors), transmission systems (such as gears, racks, lead screws, and belts), and mechanical frames, the independent or coordinated movement of each axis can be achieved.

[0037] The definition of an axis typically includes: a base rotation axis (rotating around a vertical axis to achieve horizontal orientation adjustment), a boom swing axis (swinging around a horizontal axis to achieve vertical height adjustment), and a forearm extension / rotation axis (rotating or linearly extending / retracting around a horizontal axis to achieve precise positioning of the end effector). In some applications, the third axis can also be a linear module (such as the three-axis robotic arm of a soil testing platform, which uses a linear module to achieve linear motion in the X / Y / Z directions).

[0038] Transmission method: Rotary shafts often employ gear drives (such as the three-stage helical gear drive of the first shaft and the differential planetary gear drive of the second / third shaft), which are characterized by large transmission ratios and compact structures. Linear axes employ screw drives (such as the screw drive mechanism of the third axis) or linear modules (such as the X / Y / Z axis linear modules of the soil testing platform) to ensure the accuracy and stability of the motion.

[0039] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the fixture includes a hydraulic rod 21 and a clamping block 22 installed on the drive unit 3 near one end of the shaft 1. The shaft 1 to be polished can be clamped by at least three centrally symmetrical hydraulic rods 21 and clamping blocks 22 approaching each other.

[0040] As one possible implementation, such as Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 As shown, a worm gear 23 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft 9, and a worm 24 is meshed and installed above the worm gear 23. A first gear 25 is fixedly connected to the end of the worm 24 away from the worm gear 23. A second gear 26 is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating frame 11 away from the shaft 1. The first gear 25 and the second gear 26 mesh with a third gear 27. The middle part of the third gear 27 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the revolution motor 14.

[0041] In the above scheme, the third gear 27 is driven to rotate by the revolution motor 14, and then the third gear 27 drives the first gear 25 and the second gear 26 to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the worm 24 and the rotating frame 11 to rotate respectively. When the worm 24 rotates, it can drive the worm wheel 23 to rotate, and then drive the drive disk 7 to rotate, so that the meshing teeth 8 on the drive disk 7 can mesh with the meshing pins 6 on the drive component 3, thereby driving the drive component 3 to rotate and reciprocate. Thus, the clamp on the drive component 3 can drive the shaft 1 to rotate and slide, and then cooperate with the grinding component 2 to grind on the shaft 1. Since the shaft 1 can rotate while sliding, it forms a spiral feeding motion state, which avoids the problem of inconsistent outer diameter of the shaft 1 at various positions caused by the grinding component 2 always pressing on the same side of the shaft 1 in the prior art. Furthermore, by having multiple grinding components 2 to completely wrap the outer wall of the shaft 1, the problems of the prior art are further avoided.

[0042] The end of the second gear 26 away from the rotating frame 11 is fixedly connected to a sliding rod 29. A sliding sleeve 30 is sleeved on the outside of the sliding rod 29, and the sliding sleeve 30 is connected to a fixed point in the workshop.

[0043] One end of the rotating seat 20 is fixedly connected to a hydraulic telescopic rod 31. The fixed end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 31 is connected to a fixed point in the workshop. The hydraulic telescopic rod 31 can drive the rotating seat 20 to move, thereby allowing the rotating frame 11 to move, thus providing clearance when the shaft 1 is unloaded or loaded.

[0044] Example 2: The technical solution of this example differs from that of Example 1 in that this example provides a solution including the following steps: S1. Initial state and material preparation: Before the device is started, the rotating frame 11 is connected to the hydraulic telescopic rod 31 through the rotating seat 20. The hydraulic telescopic rod 31 is in the extended state, so that the rotating frame 11 is away from the shaft 1 station. The driving component 3 is sleeved on the limiting shaft 4, and the initial position is close to the clamping end of the shaft 1. The rotating shaft 9 in the groove 5 is located at the spiral starting point. The grinding component 2 is installed in the adjusting groove 12 of the rotating frame 11 through the driving shaft 10. The retainer 15 is in the initial angle. The driving groove 16 corresponds to the adjusting groove 12, so that the grinding component 2 and the outer wall of the shaft 1 are reserved with an initial distance.

[0045] During loading, the movable end support of the three-axis robotic arm lifts the shaft 1 and moves it along the X / Y / Z axes to the side of the drive component 3, so that one end of the shaft 1 is aligned with the fixture; the hydraulic rod 21 extends synchronously, and the clamping block 22 clamps the end of the shaft 1 symmetrically, completing the positioning.

[0046] S2, Rotation and helical feed drive of shaft 1: Power input and distribution: The revolution motor 14 starts, and the output shaft drives the third gear 27 to rotate; the third gear 27 simultaneously meshes with the first gear 25 and the second gear 26 to achieve power distribution; Among them, branch one (power of drive disk 7): the first gear 25 drives the worm 24 to rotate, the worm 24 meshes with the worm wheel 23 (the worm wheel 23 is fixed at the end of the rotating shaft 9), thereby driving the rotating shaft 9 and drive disk 7 to rotate; Branch 2 (Revolutionary power of rotating frame 11): The second gear 26 directly drives the rotating frame 11 to revolve around the central axis of shaft 1.

[0047] Rotation and axial sliding of drive component 3 (achieved through helical feed): When the drive disc 7 rotates, the meshing teeth 8 around it engage with the meshing pins 6 in the groove 5 on the outer wall of the drive component 3 in sequence. Because the groove 5 is a double-layer spiral closed-loop design, when the meshing teeth 8 go around the meshing pins 6 along the spiral line, on the one hand, the friction force drives the drive component 3 to rotate around its own central axis (so that the shaft 1 clamped by the fixture rotates synchronously). On the other hand, because the rotating shaft 9 is restricted to sliding in the groove 5, the drive component 3 slides axially along the central axis of the limiting shaft 4 while rotating. Finally, the shaft 1 forms a compound motion of "rotation + axial spiral feed" (similar to the spiral trajectory of screwing in a screw), avoiding the continuous squeezing on one side caused by the static shaft 1 in traditional grinding, and ensuring that the outer diameter of the entire section is uniform.

[0048] Motion range control: The helical pitch of the groove 5 determines the sliding distance of the drive component 3. This distance must cover the length of the shaft 1 to be polished to ensure that no area is missed.

[0049] S3, Multi-dimensional grinding action of grinding part 2 (enveloping collaborative grinding): The coordination of revolution and rotation: Revolution: Driven by the second gear 26, the rotating frame 11 makes a circular motion around the central axis of the shaft 1, driving all the grinding parts 2 to revolve around the rotating surface of the shaft 1; Rotation: The grinding motor 13 on the back of each grinding part 2 is started, and the grinding part 2 is driven to rotate at high speed through the drive shaft 10 to achieve cutting of the outer wall of the shaft 1.

[0050] Synergistic effect: Multiple grinding parts 2 revolve around the shaft 1 and rotate on their own axis, forming a "dynamic wrapping" grinding process that covers the entire circumference of the shaft 1 and eliminates one-sided wear.

[0051] Dynamic adjustment of radial pitch (to adapt to different shaft diameters): When it is necessary to adapt to shafts of different diameters 1, the retainer 15 is driven to rotate around the connection point between it and the rotating frame 11 by a micro motor (or the telescopic part at the end of the limiting rod 18); The drive groove 16 on the retainer 15 rotates together with it, and the contour of the drive groove 16 forces the drive shaft 10 to slide radially in the adjustment groove 12 of the rotating frame 11 (the distance between the two ends of the adjustment groove 12 and the center of the rotating frame 11 is the same as the distance between the two ends of the drive groove 16, ensuring the stability of the sliding trajectory). When the drive shaft 10 slides, the displacement is guided by the sliding connection between the limit rod 18 and the limit sleeve 19 (the central axis of the limit rod 18 is consistent with the sliding direction of the drive shaft 10), and finally the distance between the grinding part 2 and the outer wall of the shaft body 1 is adjusted.

[0052] Anti-deviation and stability assurance: The sliding of the driving component 3 is guided by the central axis of the limiting shaft 4 to avoid deflection; The radial sliding of the drive shaft 10 is constrained by the contours of the adjustment groove 12 and the drive groove 16, and is guided by the linear guides of the limit rod 18 and the limit sleeve 19, ensuring that the grinding part 2 is always aligned with the shaft 1.

[0053] S4. Avoidance and material unloading reset: After grinding is completed, the orbital motor 14 stops, and all moving parts are braked; the hydraulic telescopic rod 31 retracts, driving the rotating seat 20 and rotating frame 11 to move away from the shaft 1, making room for unloading; the hydraulic rod 21 retracts, and the clamping block 22 releases the shaft 1; the three-axis robotic arm lifts the shaft 1 again and moves it out of the workstation, completing the unloading. The device returns to its initial state, waiting for the next round of operation.

[0054] In the above scheme, the spiral feed and the wrapping grinding are coordinated: the "rotation + spiral feed" motion of the shaft 1 and the "revolution + rotation" motion of the grinding part 2 are carried out synchronously, so that the grinding pressure is evenly distributed throughout the entire spiral trajectory of the shaft 1, solving the problems of "single-sided extrusion outer diameter deviation" and "local missed grinding" in traditional grinding.

[0055] In summary, this invention, through the meshing transmission between the helical groove 5 of the driving component 3 and the driving disk 7, enables the shaft 1 to simultaneously rotate and slide axially during grinding, forming a helical feed motion. This avoids the outer diameter deviation caused by continuous unilateral extrusion in traditional grinding, ensuring uniform dimensions throughout the shaft 1. The driving groove 16 of the retainer 15 cooperates with the adjusting groove 12 to dynamically adjust the distance between the grinding component 2 and the shaft 1, adapting to shafts of different diameters. The sliding design of the rotating frame 11 and the hydraulic telescopic rod 31 simplify loading and unloading operations. Multiple grinding components 2 surround the shaft... The shaft 1 revolves and rotates, forming a wrap-around grinding process. Combined with the sliding range of the drive component 3, it covers the entire length of the shaft, eliminating grinding blind spots. Through the linkage of the worm gear 23 and worm 24 with the first gear 25, the second gear 26 and the third gear 27, the power of the revolving motor 14 is distributed to the drive disk 7 and the rotating frame 11, precisely coordinating the rotation and feed of the shaft 1 and the revolution of the grinding component 2. The limiting shaft 4 can limit the sliding trajectory of the drive component 3, and the limiting rod 18 and the limiting sleeve 19 guide the displacement of the drive shaft 10. The dual guiding mechanism reduces vibration and extends the service life of the equipment.

[0056] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0057] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0058] Definitions: Parallelism: The parallelism defined in this application is not limited to absolute parallelism. This definition of parallelism can be understood as basic parallelism. It allows for situations where the parallelism is not absolute due to factors such as assembly tolerance, design tolerance, and structural flatness. It also allows for errors within a small angular range, such as within 10 degrees of assembly error. These can all be considered as parallel relationships.

[0059] Perpendicularity: The perpendicularity defined in this application is not limited to an absolute perpendicular intersection (with an included angle of 90 degrees). It is permissible for non-absolute perpendicular intersections caused by factors such as assembly tolerances, design tolerances, and structural flatness. It is permissible for errors within a small angular range, such as an assembly error range of 80 to 100 degrees, which can all be understood as a perpendicular relationship.

[0060] The term "multiple" in this article refers to two or more. The term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.

[0061] The devices or elements referred to in the embodiments of this application or implied herein must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise precisely specified.

[0062] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. An intelligent grinding device based on wheel and axle production, comprising a grinding component for grinding the outer rotating surface of the axle and a driving component for driving the axle to rotate, the driving component having a clamp for holding the axle, characterized in that: The end of the drive component away from the shaft has a limiting shaft. The drive component is sleeved on the limiting shaft and allows the drive component to slide and rotate along the central axis of the limiting shaft. The outer wall of the drive component has a channel, which is spirally arranged on the drive component. The channel has a double-layer design, and both ends of the double-layer channel are connected to form a closed loop. There are several evenly distributed interlocking pins between the double-layer channel. One side of the drive component has a drive disk, and several interlocking teeth are evenly distributed around the drive disk. A rotating shaft is fixed in the middle of the drive disk, and one end of the rotating shaft extends into the interior of the channel. When the rotating shaft and drive disc rotate, the meshing teeth and meshing pins form a meshing transmission, causing the drive component to drive the shaft to be ground to slide and rotate along the central axis of the limiting shaft.

2. The intelligent grinding device based on wheel and axle production as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral formed by the channel on the outer wall of the drive component is more than one turn.

3. The intelligent grinding device based on wheel and axle production as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The range of movement of the drive component is configured to allow the grinding component to cover the length range of the shaft.

4. The intelligent grinding device based on wheel and axle production as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A drive shaft is fixed to the side of the grinding part away from the shaft body. The side of the drive shaft away from the grinding part has a rotating frame with an adjustment groove. A grinding motor is installed at one end of the drive shaft, and the grinding motor drives the drive shaft and the grinding part to rotate.

5. The intelligent grinding device based on wheel and axle production as described in claim 4, characterized in that: Driven by a revolution motor, the rotating frame rotates around the central axis of the shaft, allowing the grinding parts to revolve along the rotational surface of the shaft. In conjunction with the rotation of the grinding parts, the outer wall of the shaft is ground.

6. The intelligent grinding device based on wheel and axle production as described in claim 4, characterized in that: A retainer is provided on one side of the rotating frame. The retainer is rotatably connected to the rotating frame. A drive groove is provided on the retainer. The distance between the two ends of the drive groove and the center of the rotating frame is the same as the distance between the two ends of the adjustment groove and the center of the rotating frame. When the retainer rotates, it drives the drive shaft to slide in the adjustment groove through the drive groove.

7. The intelligent grinding device based on wheel and axle production as described in claim 6, characterized in that: A drive sleeve is provided on the side of the cage away from the rotating frame and fitted onto the outer wall of the drive shaft. A limit rod is fixed to the outer side of the drive sleeve, and a limit sleeve is fixed to the outer wall of the rotating frame. The limit rod is slidably connected to the limit sleeve, and the central axis of the limit rod is in the same direction as the sliding direction of the drive shaft inside the adjustment groove.

8. The intelligent grinding device based on wheel and axle production as described in claim 4, characterized in that: A rotating seat is installed at the end of the rotating frame away from the shaft. The top of the rotating frame is rotatably connected to the top of the rotating seat. The bottom of the rotating seat can slide along the central axis of the shaft, allowing the rotating frame to move closer to or away from the shaft.

9. The intelligent grinding device based on wheel and axle production as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The shaft is transported to one side of the drive unit by a three-axis robotic arm, so that one end of the shaft is inserted into the clamp.

10. A smart grinding method based on wheel and axle production, employing the smart grinding device based on wheel and axle production as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The shaft to be ground is clamped and fixed by the clamp on the drive unit; S2. Start the drive disk to rotate around its own axis. The meshing teeth on the drive disk rotate with the drive disk and mesh with the meshing pins between the drive component slots for transmission. S3. Through the meshing action of the biting teeth and the biting column, the driving component is driven to slide back and forth along the central axis of the limiting shaft. At the same time, the driving component drives the shaft fixed by the clamp to slide synchronously along the central axis of the limiting shaft. S4. Through the meshing action of the meshing teeth and the meshing column, the driving component is driven to rotate around the central axis of the limiting shaft. At the same time, the driving component drives the fixed shaft to rotate synchronously through the clamp. S5. During the combined motion of sliding and rotating along the central axis of the limiting shaft, the outer rotating surface of the shaft is polished using a grinding tool.

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