Self-adaptive test loading device for applying distributed load and application
By using an adaptive test loading device, which utilizes lever arm equivalent loading and adaptive structural deformation design, the problems of uneven load distribution and loading system complexity are solved, achieving continuous load distribution and adaptive loading, thus improving the accuracy and safety of test loading.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies struggle to achieve adaptive loading during structural deformation when applying distributed loads, leading to uneven load distribution and complexity of the loading system, which affects the accuracy and reliability of test results.
An adaptive test loading device is adopted, including a loading end plate with lugs, a hinge, a fixed pulley device, a series of lever arm plates, a composite hinge device and its base and steel strands. Through equivalent loading of lever arms and adaptive design of structural deformation, a mechanical system is constructed to achieve automatic adjustment and synchronous coordination of load.
It achieves continuous load distribution and adaptive loading, improves the accuracy and efficiency of test loading, reduces system complexity and cost, is applicable to test scenarios of various structural types, and improves the scientific nature and safety of the test.
Smart Images
Figure CN121805006A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to a test loading device, and more particularly to an adaptive test loading device and its application for applying distributed loads, belonging to the field of civil engineering structural testing technology. Background Technology
[0002] Structural testing in civil engineering is a core means of verifying the mechanical properties, failure mechanisms, and service behavior of structural components. The rationality and scientific validity of load application techniques directly affect the accuracy and engineering applicability of the test results. In engineering contexts such as long and flexible structures, large-span structures, prefabricated components, and bridge deck pavement systems, structures are often subjected to spatially distributed loads, such as uniformly distributed loads, trapezoidal loads, or linearly varying loads. Therefore, accurately reproducing such distributed loads under laboratory conditions is one of the key challenges in test design.
[0003] Currently, commonly used distributed load application methods in laboratories, such as the stacking method using sandbags and counterweights, suffer from problems such as unidirectional load application, inaccurate load value control, and high labor intensity. While multi-point synchronous loading methods using multiple actuators and distribution beams can achieve hydraulic drive, the limitations of the loading plate make it difficult for the nonlinear deformation of the structure during loading to adapt and match with the loading device. Furthermore, multi-actuator coordination systems are complex, costly, and require extremely high levels of synchronous control, making it difficult to guarantee load uniformity and deformation synchronicity under large structural deformations. These traditional methods generally cannot maintain and achieve load distribution patterns and adaptive structural deformation during testing, severely impacting the accuracy and reliability of structural response testing under complex conditions.
[0004] To address the aforementioned shortcomings, there is an urgent need for a test loading system with structural flexibility, adaptive loading capability, and controllable distribution, capable of automatically coordinating the loading path during structural deformation to achieve a realistic, stable, and adjustable distributed load application technology. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the aforementioned deficiencies in the existing technology, this invention proposes an adaptive test loading device and its application for applying distributed loads, thereby solving the problems of flexibility and adaptability in the sample loading system and structural deformation process.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
[0007] An adaptive test loading device for applying distributed loads, the test loading device comprising a loading end plate with lugs, a hinge, a fixed pulley device, a series of lever arms, a composite hinge device with limit stops, its base, and steel strands.
[0008] The series of lever arm plates are a series of lever arm plates of different lengths, and each lever arm plate has a round hole and a lever arm plate pin at one end, and a contact arc surface at the other end for close contact with the loaded structure.
[0009] One end of the loading end plate with ear plate is connected to the hinge hook via a pin, and the other end is connected to an actuator via the end plate ear plate.
[0010] The fixed pulley device consists of a fixed pulley base, a fixed pulley end plate, and a series of lugs. The series of lugs are welded to the fixed pulley end plate, and the fixed pulley end plate is rigidly connected to the fixed pulley base, which is anchored to the ground. Each of the series of lugs is connected to a lug pin via a pin shaft.
[0011] The composite hinge device is rigidly attached to the base, which is anchored to the ground. The composite hinge device has limiting blocks that restrict the horizontal, vertical, and longitudinal translation of all lever arm plates, and allows the lever arm plates to rotate freely only about the circular hole on them in the height direction.
[0012] The arrangement of the series of ear plates needs to be coordinated with the lever arm plates and jointly determined by the applied load form, and ensure that each ear plate in the series of ear plates is exactly between the two lever arm plates in the vertical direction.
[0013] One end of the steel strand is fixed to the lever plate pin at the end of the lowest lever plate, and then it passes through the ear plate pins on the series ear plates and the lever plate pins on the series lever plates in sequence, from the lower layer to the upper layer, and finally passes out through the uppermost lever plate pin and is fixed to the hinge.
[0014] Furthermore, the circular holes on the series of lever arm plates need to be compatible with the pin joints on the composite hinge device, allowing the lever arm plates to rotate freely along the height direction of the composite hinge device at the circular holes. Limiting blocks are provided between adjacent lever arm plates, and all translational degrees of freedom of the lever arm plates are completely constrained by the limiting blocks on the composite hinge device.
[0015] Furthermore, since each lever arm plate is independent, when performing a moment balance analysis at its circular holes, if the lengths on both sides of the circular hole are inconsistent and the length of the load traction end is less than that of the load application end, then the force at the load traction end is less than that at the load application end. This conclusion can also be reached based on the lever principle. Various distributed loads can be applied equivalently by changing the lengths on both sides of the circular hole in the lever arm plate.
[0016] Furthermore, the various distributed loads are uniformly distributed loads, inverted triangular loads, and trapezoidal loads.
[0017] Furthermore, one end of the steel strand is fixed to the lever pin of the lowest lever plate, and the other end passes through the lower edge of the ear pin at the lowest ear plate of the series of ear plates and exits through the upper edge. It then passes through the lever pin at the end of the next layer of lever plates, again passing through the lower edge and exiting through the upper edge, and then through the ear pin of the next layer of the lowest ear plate, again passing through the lower edge and exiting through the upper edge. This overlapping action between the series of ear plates and the series of lever plates is repeated until the steel strand finally passes through all the ear pins and lever pins, and finally exits through the upper edge of the lever pin at the end of the highest lever plate, and is fixed to the hook. The steel strand is tightened so that all lever plates are tightly integrated.
[0018] Furthermore, the tensioned steel strand, the lever plate with lever plate pin, and the series ear plates and their ear plate pins constitute a pulley mechanism. The fixed pulley base, the fixed pulley end plate, the series ear plates, and the ear plate pins form a fixed pulley mechanism, while the lever plate with lever plate pins forms a movable pulley mechanism. The other side of the lever plate serves as the load application end, applying a distributed load to the structure.
[0019] Furthermore, the series of lever arm plates apply distributed force to the structure based on the concept of equivalent lever arm loading through a composite hinge device. Simultaneously, the lever arm plates, through their end lever arm pins, steel strands, and a series of ear plates and ear plate pins, form a pulley system. In this pulley system, the lever arm plates act as movable pulleys capable of rotational displacement. Since all lever arm plates are tensioned by steel strands and a series of ear plates, when the loaded engineering structure deforms under load, that is, the loading arc surface of the lever arm plates deforms accordingly. The composite hinge device converts the translational deformation into the rotational deformation of the lever arm pins. At this time, due to the tension of the steel strands, the deformed lever arm plate will adaptively conform to the structure, thus achieving adaptive structural deformation.
[0020] Furthermore, when a distributed load is applied to the structure, the actuator retracts to drive the loading end plate and the hinge hook. Since the steel strand is bound to the hinge hook, the actuator retracts to pull the steel strand. Due to the pulley system formed by the steel strand, the lever arm plate pin, and the series of ear plates and ear plate pins, all lever arm plates act as movable pulleys and rotate around the composite hinge device to apply load to the structure when the steel strand is taut. Due to the inherent physical properties of the steel strand and fixed pulleys under tension, the lever arm plates can displace while the load is applied. At the same time, the length of each lever arm plate in the series of lever arm plates changes linearly in terms of geometry. Therefore, by taking moment balance analysis at the opening of the series of lever arm plates, the applied load can be known, which means that the distributed load that adapts to structural deformation is applied.
[0021] An application of an adaptive test loading device for applying distributed loads, wherein the adaptive test loading device for applying distributed loads is used for test loading of engineering structures.
[0022] Furthermore, the engineering structures described include bridge structures, beam-column frame structures, shear wall structures, masonry structures, foundation pit support structures, dam structures, and marine structures.
[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: This invention proposes an adaptive experimental loading device for applying distributed loads. Based on the core design concepts of "equivalent loading of the lever arm" and "adaptive structural deformation," the device constructs a mechanical system consisting of a lever arm plate, a composite hinge device, a fixed pulley system, and steel strands. The loading device connects the lever arm plate and the fixed pulley system via steel strands to form the "load traction end," while the lever arm plate and the composite hinge device constitute the "load application end." It can automatically adjust the loading angle and direction during structural deformation, achieving synchronous and coordinated deformation with the structure. Functionally, by adjusting the geometric parameters of the lever arm plate, it can flexibly simulate typical distribution forms such as uniformly distributed loads and trapezoidal loads, exhibiting good loading continuity and stability. In terms of engineering adaptability, the device has a simple structure, is easy to install and disassemble, and is suitable for various structural types and test scenarios, significantly improving the overall performance of the loading system in terms of test accuracy, efficiency, and engineering application, as detailed below: (1) Accurate loading of continuously distributed loads is achieved. This invention can achieve equivalent loading of various typical distribution forms such as uniformly distributed loads and trapezoidal loads by adjusting the number, geometric parameters and arrangement of each loading component. The loading process is continuous and the force flow path is clear, which can more realistically simulate the actual loading state of the engineering structure and improve the representativeness and scientificity of the structural test.
[0024] (2) Possesses adaptive structural deformation capability. By constructing a collaborative system of "load traction end" and "load application end", the present invention can automatically adjust the loading path and loading direction during structural deformation, effectively avoiding problems such as loading offset and lever arm failure, and significantly enhancing the coupling and adaptability between the loading system and the structural response.
[0025] (3) The device has a simple structure and is easy to construct and disassemble. Compared with traditional multi-point hydraulic systems or rigid loading trusses, the present invention adopts a modular component design, with a compact overall system structure and flexible connection method, which facilitates rapid deployment and repeated use in various test sites, significantly reducing installation and commissioning time and labor costs.
[0026] (4) Flexible and controllable loading form, applicable to a wide range of scenarios. This invention controls the load distribution form through an adjustable lever arm mechanism, and is applicable to various structural test scenarios such as piers, beams, slabs, bridge decks, and prefabricated nodes. It is particularly suitable for the loading requirements of structures with large deflection, large span, or nonlinear deformation, and has good versatility and applicability.
[0027] (5) Improve the stability and safety of the loading process. During the operation of the device, load path adjustment and force value transmission can be realized without a complex electrical control system. It has strong stability and anti-interference ability, reduces the system failure rate, and improves the safety of the test operation. Attached Figure Description
[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the assembled components of an adaptive test loading device for applying distributed loads according to the present invention, and its application in laboratory loading.
[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the structure and arrangement of the series of lever arm plates of the present invention.
[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the loading end plate and its hinge for connecting the actuator according to the present invention.
[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed pulley device of the present invention.
[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the composite hinge device of the present invention.
[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection and assembly of the series of lever plates, fixed pulley devices, and composite hinge devices of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0034] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-6 The present invention will be further described in detail below to facilitate a clear understanding of the invention, but these descriptions do not constitute a limitation thereof.
[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.
[0036] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. They can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. They can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0037] As attached Figure 1-6As shown, this embodiment of an adaptive test loading device for applying distributed loads, taking the application of a trapezoidal load as an example, includes a loading end plate 3 with lugs, a hinge 5, a fixed pulley device, a series of lever arms, a composite hinge device 11 with limiting blocks, its base 12, and steel strands 6. Figure 3 As shown, one end of the loading end plate 3 with ear plate is connected to the hinge hook 5 by a pin, and the other end is connected to the actuator 14 by the end plate ear plate.
[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the series of lever arm plates consists of a series of lever arm plates of different lengths. In this embodiment, seven sets of lever arm plates are designed, from top to bottom as the first lever arm plate 2-1, the second lever arm plate 2-2, the third lever arm plate 2-3, the fourth lever arm plate 2-4, the fifth lever arm plate 2-5, the sixth lever arm plate 2-6, and the seventh lever arm plate 2-7. Each lever arm plate has a circular hole and a lever arm plate pin at one end, from top to bottom as the first lever arm plate pin 10-1, the second lever arm plate pin 10-2, the third lever arm plate pin 10-3, the fourth lever arm plate pin 10-4, the fifth lever arm plate pin 10-5, the sixth lever arm plate pin 10-6, and the seventh lever arm plate pin 10-7. The other end has a contact arc surface for close contact with the structure being loaded.
[0039] like Figure 6 As shown, the fixed pulley device consists of a fixed pulley base 9, a fixed pulley end plate 7, and a series of ear plates. The series of ear plates are welded to the fixed pulley end plate 7, and the fixed pulley end plate 7 is rigidly connected to the fixed pulley base 9, which is anchored to the ground. Each of the series of ear plates is connected to an ear plate pin 8 via a pin shaft. In this embodiment, there are 6 sets of ear plates in the series, which are, from top to bottom, the first ear plate 4-1, the second ear plate 4-2, the third ear plate 4-3, the fourth ear plate 4-4, the fifth ear plate 4-5, and the sixth ear plate 4-6.
[0040] like Figure 5 As shown, the composite hinge device 11 is rigidly attached to the base 12, which is anchored to the ground. The composite hinge device 11 has limiting blocks 13 that restrict the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical translation of all lever arm plates 2, allowing the lever arm plates 2 to rotate freely only about the openings in the circular holes along the height direction. Specifically, in this embodiment, the circular holes on the series of lever arm plates need to be compatible with the pin joints on the composite hinge device 11, allowing the lever arm plates to rotate freely along the openings in the circular holes along the height direction of the composite hinge device 11. Limiting blocks 13 are provided between adjacent lever arm plates, completely constraining all translational degrees of freedom of the lever arm plates by the limiting blocks 13 on the composite hinge device 11.
[0041] In this embodiment, the arrangement of the series of ear plates needs to be coordinated with the lever arm plate and jointly determined by the applied load form, and ensure that each ear plate in the series of ear plates is exactly between the two lever arm plates in the vertical direction.
[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, one end of the steel strand 6 is fixed to the lever plate pin at the end of the lowest lever plate, and then it passes in a crisscross pattern around the ear plate pins 8 on the series ear plates and the lever plate pins 10 on the series lever plates, from the lower layer to the upper layer, and finally exits through the uppermost lever plate pin and is fixed to the hinge hook 5. Specifically, as... Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, one end of the steel strand 6 is fixed to the seventh lever plate pin 10-7 of the seventh lever plate 2-7 at the lowest edge. The other end passes through the lower edge of the ear plate pin 8 at the sixth ear plate 4-6 at the lowest edge of the series ear plates, and exits through the upper edge. Then it passes through the lever plate pin at the end of the sixth lever plate 2-6 above, and again passes through the lower edge and exits through the upper edge. Then it passes through the ear plate pin 8 of the fifth ear plate 4-5 above the lowest ear plate, passing through the lower edge and exiting through the upper edge. This overlapping action between the series ear plates and the series lever plates is repeated until the steel strand 6 finally passes through all the ear plate pins and lever plate pins, and finally exits through the upper edge of the first lever plate pin 10-1 at the end of the first lever plate 2-1 at the highest edge, and is fixed to the hinge hook 5. The steel strand 6 is tightened so that all the lever plates are tightly integrated. The tensioned steel strand 6, along with the lever plate and pin, forms a pulley system with a series of ear plates and their pins. The fixed pulley base 9, fixed pulley end plate 7, series of ear plates, and ear plate pins form a fixed pulley system, while the lever plate with the pins forms a movable pulley system. The other side of the lever plate serves as the load application end, applying a distributed load to the structure.
[0043] In this embodiment, since each lever arm plate is independent, when performing a torque balance analysis at its circular holes, if the lengths on both sides of the circular hole are inconsistent and the length of the load traction end is less than that of the load application end, it can be concluded that the force at the load traction end is less than that at the load application end. This conclusion can also be obtained based on the lever principle. Various distributed loads can be applied equivalently by changing the lengths on both sides of the circular hole in the lever arm plate.
[0044] The series of lever arm plates apply distributed force to the structure based on the concept of equivalent lever arm loading through the composite hinge device 11. Simultaneously, the lever arm plates, through their end lever arm pins, steel strands 6, and a series of ear plates and ear plate pins, form a pulley system. In this pulley system, the lever arm plates act as movable pulleys capable of rotational displacement. Since all lever arm plates are tensioned by the steel strands 6 and the series of ear plates, when the loaded engineering structure deforms under load, that is, the loading arc surface of the lever arm plates deforms accordingly. The composite hinge device 11 converts the translational deformation into the rotational deformation of the lever arm pins. At this time, due to the tensioning effect of the steel strands 6, the deformed lever arm plate will adaptively conform to the structure, thus achieving adaptive structural deformation.
[0045] When a distributed load is applied to the structure, the actuator retracts, driving the loading end plate 3 and the hinge hook 5. Since the steel strand 6 is bound to the hinge hook 5, the actuator retracts, pulling the steel strand. Due to the pulley system formed by the steel strand 6, the lever arm plate pin 10 on the lever arm plate, and the series of ear plates and ear plate pins, when the steel strand 6 is taut, all lever arm plates act as movable pulleys and rotate around the composite hinge device 11 to apply load to the structure. Due to the inherent physical properties of the steel strand 6 and the fixed pulleys under tension, the lever arm plates can displace while the load is applied. At the same time, the length of each lever arm plate in the series of lever arm plates changes linearly in terms of geometry. Therefore, by taking moment balance analysis at the opening of the series of lever arm plates, the applied load can be known, which means that the distributed load that adapts to structural deformation is applied.
[0046] Example 2 In this embodiment, the various distributed loads are uniformly distributed loads, and the other structural components and connection methods are the same as in Embodiment 1, and will not be described in detail here.
[0047] Example 3 In this embodiment, the various distributed loads are inverted triangular loads, and the other structural components and connection methods are the same as in Embodiment 1, and will not be described in detail here.
[0048] Example 4 This embodiment describes an application of an adaptive test loading device for applying distributed loads. This device is used for test loading of engineering structures. Specifically, the engineering structures can be bridge structures, beam-column frame structures, shear wall structures, masonry structures, foundation pit support structures, dam structures, and marine structures, etc., with a wide range of applications.
[0049] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute any limitation on the structure of the present invention. The arrangement and quantity of the present invention are not limited to this example and can be optimized according to actual engineering conditions. Any modifications, equivalent changes, and decorations made to the above embodiments based on the technical principles of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. An adaptive test loading device for applying distributed loads, characterized in that: The test loading device includes a loading end plate (3) with ear plates, a hinge (5), a fixed pulley device, a series of lever plates, a composite hinge device (11) with limit blocks and its base (12) and steel strands (6). The series of lever arm plates are a series of lever arm plates of different lengths, and each lever arm plate has a round hole and a lever arm plate pin at one end, and a contact arc surface at the other end for close contact with the loaded structure. One end of the loading end plate (3) with ear plate is connected to the hinge (5) by a pin, and the other end is connected to an actuator by the end plate ear plate. The fixed pulley device consists of a fixed pulley base (9), a fixed pulley end plate (7), and a series of ear plates. The series of ear plates are welded to the fixed pulley end plate (7), which is rigidly connected to the fixed pulley base (9). The fixed pulley base (9) is anchored to the ground. Each of the series of ear plates is connected to an ear plate pin (8) by a pin shaft. The composite hinge device (11) is rigidly connected to the base (12), which is anchored to the ground. The composite hinge device (11) has a limiting block (13) that restricts the horizontal, vertical and longitudinal translation of all lever arm plates (2), and allows the lever arm plates (2) to rotate freely only around the opening in the circular hole in the height direction. The arrangement of the series of ear plates needs to be coordinated with the lever arm plates and jointly determined by the applied load form, and ensure that each ear plate in the series of ear plates is exactly between the two lever arm plates in the vertical direction. One end of the steel strand (6) is fixed to the lever plate pin at the end of the lowest lever plate, and then it passes through the ear plate pin (8) on the series ear plate and the lever plate pin (10) on the series lever plate in sequence, from the lower layer to the upper layer, and finally passes out through the uppermost lever plate pin and is fixed to the hinge (5).
2. The adaptive test loading device for applying distributed loads according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circular holes on the series lever arm plates need to be adapted to the pin joints on the composite hinge device (11). The lever arm plates can rotate freely along the height direction of the composite hinge device (11) at the circular holes. Limiting blocks are provided between adjacent lever arm plates, and all translational degrees of freedom of the lever arm plates are completely constrained by the limiting blocks on the composite hinge device (11).
3. The adaptive test loading device for applying distributed loads according to claim 2, characterized in that: Since each lever arm plate is independent, when performing a moment balance analysis at its circular hole, if the lengths on both sides of the circular hole are inconsistent and the length of the load traction end is less than that of the load application end, then the force at the load traction end is less than that at the load application end. This conclusion can also be reached based on the lever principle. Various distributed loads can be applied equivalently by changing the lengths on both sides of the circular hole in the lever arm plate.
4. The adaptive test loading device for applying distributed loads according to claim 3, characterized in that: The various distributed loads mentioned are uniformly distributed loads, inverted triangular loads, and trapezoidal loads.
5. An adaptive test loading device for applying distributed loads according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the steel strand (6) is fixed to the lever pin of the lowest lever plate. The other end is inserted through the lower edge of the lever pin at the lowest ear plate of the series ear plates and exited through the upper edge. Then it is inserted through the lever pin at the end of the next layer of lever plates, and again inserted through the lower edge and exited through the upper edge. Then it is inserted through the lever pin of the next layer of the lowest ear plate, and again inserted through the lower edge and exited through the upper edge. This overlapping action between the series ear plates and the series lever plates is repeated until the steel strand (6) finally passes through all the ear pins and lever pins, and finally exits through the upper edge of the lever pin at the end of the highest lever plate and is fixed to the hook (5). The steel strand (6) is tightened so that all lever plates are tightly integrated.
6. An adaptive test loading device for applying distributed loads according to claim 5, characterized in that: The tensioned steel strand (6) forms a pulley system with a lever plate pin, a series of ear plates and ear plate pins. The fixed pulley base (9), the fixed pulley end plate (7), the series of ear plates and ear plate pins form a fixed pulley system, while the lever plate with lever plate pins forms a movable pulley system. The other side of the lever plate serves as the load application end to apply a distributed load to the structure.
7. An adaptive test loading device for applying distributed loads according to claim 5, characterized in that: The series of lever arm plates apply distributed force to the structure based on the concept of equivalent lever arm loading through the composite hinge device (11). On the other hand, the lever arm plates form a pulley system with the steel strand (6) and the series of ear plates and ear plate pins at their ends. In this pulley system, the lever arm plates are movable pulleys that can rotate. Since all the lever arm plates are tightened by the steel strand (6) and the series of ear plates, when the loaded engineering structure deforms under the load, that is, the loading arc surface of the lever arm plates deforms accordingly. The composite hinge device (11) converts the translational deformation into the rotational deformation of the lever arm plate pins. At this time, due to the tightening effect of the steel strand (6), the deformed lever arm plates will adaptively fit the structure, that is, adaptive structural deformation is realized.
8. According to claim 1 7. An adaptive test loading device for applying distributed loads as described in any one of the claims, characterized in that: When a distributed load is applied to the structure, the actuator retracts to drive the loading end plate (3) and the hinge (5). Since the steel strand (6) is bound to the hinge (5), the actuator retracts to pull the steel strand. Due to the pulley system formed by the steel strand (6), the lever plate pin (10) on the lever plate, and the series ear plates and ear plate pins, all lever plates act as moving pulleys and rotate around the composite hinge device (11) to apply load to the structure when the steel strand (6) is taut. Due to the inherent physical properties of the steel strand (6) and the fixed pulley in the tensile state, the lever plate can be displaced while the load is applied. At the same time, the length of each lever plate in the series of lever plates changes linearly in terms of geometry. Therefore, the applied load can be known by taking the moment balance analysis at the opening of the series of lever plates in turn. That is, the application of the distributed load that adapts to the structural deformation is realized.
9. A device according to claim 1 7. An application of any one of the adaptive test loading devices for applying distributed loads, characterized in that: The adaptive test loading device for applying distributed loads is used for test loading of engineering structures.
10. An application of the adaptive test loading device for applying distributed loads according to claim 9, characterized in that: The engineering structures include bridge structures, beam-column frame structures, shear wall structures, masonry structures, foundation pit support structures, dam structures, and marine structures.