Tripping surge protector based on ceramic resistor and graphite module

Abstract

The invention discloses a tripping type surge protector based on a ceramic resistor and a graphite module, and relates to the technical field of surge protectors, the tripping type surge protector comprises a self-adaptive heat conduction assembly, the self-adaptive heat conduction assembly comprises a first graphite plate, a ceramic resistor plate, a plurality of second graphite plates and a plurality of third graphite plates, the contact of the first graphite plate, the ceramic resistance plate and the second graphite plate is used for transmitting heat to the surfaces of the two spring pressing plates to release elastic force and disconnect an internal circuit, and the self-adaptive heat conduction assembly further comprises a plurality of compression springs which are used for the second graphite plate to independently float and automatically adjust the angle so as to be matched with the local inclination of the ceramic resistance plate. The second graphite plates and the ceramic resistance plate are attached in a surface contact mode, a group of second graphite plates can be attached in a surface contact mode all the time, the heat conduction performance can be improved by increasing the contact area of the second graphite plates, and the situation that heat flow is concentrated in a local area to form local hot spots due to point contact of the ceramic resistance plate in the inclination process is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of surge protector technology, specifically to a trip-type surge protector based on a ceramic resistor and a graphite module. Background Technology

[0002] A surge protector is a device used to protect electrical equipment from damage caused by transient overvoltages (such as lightning strikes and power grid switching overvoltages). It belongs to the category of emergency protection circuit devices. Surge protectors are equipped with mechanical tripping devices to isolate the device from the system when it deteriorates or overheats, preventing fires. The housing provides mechanical protection and electrical insulation and is usually made of highly flame-retardant materials. The mounting terminals connect the protected circuit and the grounding wire. The core principle of a surge protector is based on the impedance change characteristics of a nonlinear element, which is equivalent to a circuit breaker. It does not interfere with the normal operation of the equipment. After the surge subsides and the voltage returns to normal, the protector automatically returns to a high impedance state, waiting for the next action. Some protectors will trigger mechanical tripping when they detect continuous overcurrent or their own deterioration and overheating, permanently disconnecting the circuit and achieving fault isolation.

[0003] Traditional mechanical tripping typically relies on low-melting-point solder joints. The heating element is usually separate from the tripping mechanism. Heat must first be transferred to the intermediate metal electrode, then to the connecting wire, and finally to the tripping mechanism. This long path results in a slow thermal response. By the time the heating element has overheated, the tripping mechanism has not yet reached its operating temperature, leading to protection lag and increasing the risk of fire. Some surge protectors use ceramic resistors and graphite modules for thermal conduction and tripping. The graphite module is often fixed on the surface of the ceramic resistor. When surge protectors are installed in trains, due to the contact between the wheels and rails... The continuous contact generates broadband vibrations. As a rigid body, the ceramic resistor will accumulate displacement during continuous vibration, causing the whole to tilt. An angular deviation will also occur between the ceramic resistor and the graphite module. The surface contact will degenerate into line contact or even point contact. The heat flow will experience a severe contraction effect at the interface, that is, the heat flow lines are forced to squeeze through the extremely small contact point, causing the interface temperature difference to rise sharply. The heat generated by the ceramic resistor cannot be conducted away by the graphite in time, resulting in excessive internal temperature rise of the ceramic resistor, accelerating aging. The gap between the two will also increase, affecting the efficiency of subsequent heat conduction. Therefore, the circuit cannot be disconnected in time. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a trip-type surge protector based on ceramic resistors and graphite modules, in order to solve the problem mentioned in the background art that ceramic resistors and graphite modules also exhibit angular deviations, surface contacts degenerate into line contacts or even point contacts, and heat flow experiences severe contraction effects at the interface.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a trip-type surge protector based on a ceramic resistor and a graphite module, comprising;

[0006] Protective isolation seat;

[0007] A tripping housing is disposed on one side of the top of the protective isolating seat and is used to automatically disconnect the circuit to form physical isolation. The tripping housing has two spring pressure plates inside.

[0008] An adaptive heat conduction component is disposed inside the trip shell. The adaptive heat conduction component includes a first graphite plate, a ceramic resistance plate, multiple second graphite plates, and multiple third graphite plates. The contact between the first graphite plate, the ceramic resistance plate, and the second graphite plates is used to transfer heat to the surfaces of two spring pressure plates to release the elastic force and disconnect the internal circuit.

[0009] The adaptive heat conduction component also includes multiple compression springs, which allow multiple second graphite plates to move independently and automatically adjust their angles to match the local tilt of the ceramic resistance plate, so that the second graphite plates and the ceramic resistance plate are in surface contact.

[0010] The adaptive thermal conductive assembly also includes multiple movable rubber pads and two fixed silicone strips, which are used to prevent the second graphite plate from continuing to press down and directly impacting the bottom electrode, thus preventing damage.

[0011] A thermally conductive repair component is disposed inside a second graphite plate. Friction between the ceramic resistance plate and the second graphite plate causes the microcapsule layer on which the thermally conductive repair component is mounted to rupture. The repair agent inside the microcapsule layer flows out and fills the cracks that appear at the contact surface between the two.

[0012] Preferably, the adaptive heat conduction component further includes a heat transfer seat and two arc-shaped reinforcing ribs. The heat transfer seat is disposed inside the release shell, and the two arc-shaped reinforcing ribs are respectively disposed at the bottom of the heat transfer seat to support the bottom of the first graphite plate. The adaptive heat conduction component further includes a binding plate, a support frame, a support shaft, a roller, and multiple adjusting plates. The binding plate is disposed inside the release shell, and the multiple compression springs are respectively disposed at the bottom of the binding plate.

[0013] Preferably, the support frame is disposed at the bottom of the restraint plate, the support shaft is disposed inside the support frame, the roller is sleeved on one end of the support shaft, wherein one side of each of the two adjusting plates is connected to both sides of the roller, and the multiple adjusting plates are movably hinged to drive the multiple second graphite plates to move and contact the inclined ceramic resistance plate.

[0014] Preferably, the adaptive heat-conducting component further includes multiple bimetallic strips, one end of each of the multiple bimetallic strips being connected to one end of each of the multiple compression springs, and the other end of each of the multiple bimetallic strips being connected to the top of each of the multiple adjustment plates. Each of the multiple bimetallic strips contains an Invar alloy layer and a brass layer. When heated, the bimetallic strips expand to form a reverse arch, which is opposite to the direction of the increase in the gap between them and the ceramic resistance plate caused by thermal expansion, thus compensating for the excess gap between the ceramic resistance plate and the second graphite plate caused by temperature rise.

[0015] Preferably, the adaptive heat conduction component further includes a limiting frame, a limiting plate, two limiting blocks, and multiple adjusting strips. The limiting frame is disposed at the bottom of the support frame, the limiting plate is disposed inside the limiting frame, one side of each of the two limiting blocks is connected to both sides of the limiting plate, and one side of each of the two silicone strips is connected to the other side of each of the two limiting blocks.

[0016] Preferably, one end of each of the multiple adjustment bars is connected to the bottom of a multiple adjustment plate, and the other end of each of the multiple adjustment bars is connected to the top of a multiple third graphite plate.

[0017] Preferably, the thermally conductive repair component further includes multiple contact patterns, which are respectively formed on the bottom surface of multiple second graphite plates. The contact patterns are grid-shaped sharp points, so that when the ceramic resistor plate contacts the second graphite plate, the current is changed from being concentrated through a few points to being dispersed through countless points, thereby improving the surge resistance capability of the protector.

[0018] Preferably, both of the arc-shaped reinforcing ribs are arc-shaped and made of aluminum alloy to enhance the load-bearing capacity of the bottom of the heat transfer base.

[0019] Preferably, a junction box is provided on one side of the protective isolation seat, and multiple wiring components are inserted and connected to the top of the protective isolation seat. An inlet terminal is installed on one side of the trip shell, and the multiple wiring components are interconnected. Two outlet terminals are provided on one side of the multiple wiring components.

[0020] Preferably, a first heat-conducting plate is provided on one side of the first graphite plate, and a second heat-conducting plate is provided on the other side of the first graphite plate, with one end of each of the two outgoing terminals connected to one side of the first heat-conducting plate.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] In this invention, multiple second graphite plates adaptively adjust their angles to fit against the tilted ceramic resistance plate as it moves. The two ends of a compression spring are connected to a restraint plate and the top of an adjusting plate, respectively. The restraint plate acts as a fixing seat for the compression spring, firmly securing its upper end. The support frame, support shaft, roller, and adjusting plate form a universal floating mechanism. Simply put, it's a movable joint that allows the second graphite plates to move up and down and sway slightly left and right when subjected to force. The adjusting plate consists of two connecting plates connected by a support shaft and roller, achieving multi-directional rotation like a hinge. A rubber pad located at the bottom of the adjusting plate, made of soft rubber, acts as a buffer and increases friction, allowing the ceramic resistance plate and the second graphite plates to fit more tightly. Current and heat are transferred through the first graphite plate... The heat is transferred from the first graphite plate to the surface of the ceramic resistance plate, and then further transferred through the second and third graphite plates to the surface of the ceramic resistance plate. Each second graphite plate is tightly attached to the ceramic resistance plate, and the third graphite plate above them is also tightly attached to the second graphite plate. In this way, the heat is transferred quickly from the ceramic resistance plate to the third graphite plate without any loss. The heat in the first graphite plate, the ceramic resistance plate, the second graphite plate, and the third graphite plate will be quickly conducted to the spring pressure plate through the second heat-conducting plate. The multiple second graphite plates automatically adjust their angles to match the local tilt of the ceramic resistance plate. No matter how the ceramic resistance plate is deflected, there will always be a set of second graphite plates that can be in surface contact. The increase in the contact area between the two can improve the thermal conductivity and avoid point contact during the tilting process, which would cause the heat flow to concentrate in a local area and form a local hot spot.

[0023] In this invention, by setting a limiting frame, a limiting plate, a limiting block, and a silicone strip, it functions as a protective barrier. When the second graphite plate moves too violently or at too large an angle, it will be blocked by this barrier, ensuring that it only floats within a safe range and does not slip out. The silicone strip is made of soft silicone material and serves to provide soft contact with the rubber pad, avoiding hard collisions. It can limit the swing of the adjusting plate, preventing the adjusting plate from swinging too much and directly colliding with the electrodes inside the ceramic resistor plate, thus preventing damage to the internal components. The mechanical limit can prevent the second graphite plate from continuing to press down, preventing the second graphite plate from directly colliding with the electrodes inside the ceramic resistor plate. When impacted by the ceramic resistance plate electrode or other sensitive components, the microcapsule layer, with its polyurethane core material, generates heat through friction between the ceramic resistance plate and the second graphite plate. This heat is transferred to the surface of the microcapsule layer, reaching the melting point of the polyurethane core material, causing it to rupture. The repair agent then flows out smoothly, repairing the gap between the two and increasing the contact area between them, allowing them to continue to be in surface contact. Due to capillary action, the tung oil automatically flows into the gaps between the ceramic resistance plate and the second graphite plate that were not in contact, filling these depressions. Heat and current can be transferred through this thermally conductive oil film, ensuring the continuity of thermal and electrical conductivity. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a trip-type surge protector based on a ceramic resistor and a graphite module according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a side view of the structure of a trip-type surge protector based on a ceramic resistor and a graphite module according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a side view of a portion of the tripping housing in a tripping surge protector based on a ceramic resistor and a graphite module according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive heat conduction component in a trip-type surge protector based on ceramic resistors and graphite modules according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This invention relates to a trip-type surge protector based on a ceramic resistor and a graphite module. Figure 4 A magnified structural diagram at point A;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a partial side view of the second graphite plate in a trip-type surge protector based on a ceramic resistor and a graphite module according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 This invention relates to a trip-type surge protector based on a ceramic resistor and a graphite module. Figure 6 A magnified structural diagram at point B;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a partial side view cross-sectional diagram of the bimetallic strip in a trip-type surge protector based on a ceramic resistor and a graphite module according to the present invention.

[0032] Figure 9 This is a partial bottom view of the restraint plate in a tripping surge protector based on ceramic resistors and graphite modules according to the present invention.

[0033] Figure 10 This invention relates to a trip-type surge protector based on a ceramic resistor and a graphite module. Figure 9 A magnified structural diagram at point C;

[0034] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the tripping mechanism in a tripping surge protector based on a ceramic resistor and a graphite module according to the present invention.

[0035] Figure 12 This is a side view of the tripping structure in a tripping surge protector based on a ceramic resistor and a graphite module according to the present invention.

[0036] In the diagram: 100, Protective isolation seat; 101, Wiring component; 102, Junction box; 103, Tripping shell; 104, Incoming terminal; 105, Outgoing terminal; 106, First heat-conducting plate; 107, Second heat-conducting plate; 108, Spring pressure plate; 2, Adaptive heat-conducting component; 201, Heat transfer seat; 202, Arc-shaped reinforcing rib; 203, First graphite plate; 204, Ceramic resistance plate; 205, Second graphite plate; 206, Third graphite plate; 207. 208. Restraint plate; 209. Compression spring; 210. Support frame; 211. Support shaft; 212. Roller; 213. Adjusting plate; 214. Rubber pad; 215. Limiting frame; 216. Limiting plate; 217. Limiting block; 2180. Silicone strip; 2181. Bimetallic strip; 2182. Invar alloy layer; 2183. Brass layer; 219. Adjusting strip; 301. Thermally conductive repair component; 302. Contact texture; 303. Microcapsule layer; 304. Repair agent. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] To address the problem that existing surge protectors based on ceramic resistors and graphite modules suffer from angular misalignment during operation, leading to surface contact degrading to line or even point contact and severe heat flow contraction at the interface, this invention provides a surge protector based on ceramic resistors and graphite modules. (Refer to...) Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown: including:

[0039] Protective isolation seat 100;

[0040] The tripping housing 103 is located on one side of the top of the protective isolation seat 100 and is used to automatically disconnect the circuit to form physical isolation. The tripping housing 103 has two spring pressure plates 108 inside.

[0041] The adaptive heat conduction component 2 is disposed inside the trip shell 103. The adaptive heat conduction component 2 includes a first graphite plate 203, a ceramic resistance plate 204, a plurality of second graphite plates 205 and a plurality of third graphite plates 206. The contact between the first graphite plate 203, the ceramic resistance plate 204 and the second graphite plate 205 is used to transfer heat to the surface of the two spring pressure plates 108 to release the elastic force and disconnect the internal circuit.

[0042] The adaptive heat conduction component 2 also includes multiple compression springs 208, which move multiple second graphite plates 205 to independently float and automatically adjust their angles to match the local tilt of the ceramic resistance plate 204, so that the second graphite plates 205 and the ceramic resistance plate 204 are in surface contact.

[0043] The adaptive thermal conductive assembly 2 also includes multiple movable rubber pads 213 and two fixed silicone strips 217. The silicone strips 217 are used to prevent the second graphite plate 205 from continuing to press down and directly impacting the bottom electrode, thus preventing damage.

[0044] The thermally conductive repair component 3 is disposed inside the second graphite plate 205. The friction between the ceramic resistor plate 204 and the second graphite plate 205 causes the microcapsule layer 302 installed in the thermally conductive repair component 3 to rupture, and the repair agent 303 inside the microcapsule layer 302 flows out to fill the crack that appears at the contact surface between the two.

[0045] The cable is connected to multiple connectors 101 via junction box 102. Current flows through the connectors 101 to the output terminal 105, then through the first heat-conducting plate 106 to the internal non-linear resistor, which is located inside the protective isolation seat 100. The current then flows through the second heat-conducting plate 107 to the two spring pressure plates 108, and finally out through the input terminal 104. At this time, the spring pressure plates 108 press the internal components through the tripping housing 103 to maintain circuit continuity. When the resistor deteriorates or experiences continuous overcurrent and overheating, [the following occurs]. Heat is rapidly conducted to the tripping housing 103 area through the first heat-conducting plate 106 and the second heat-conducting plate 107. The design of the heat-conducting plates ensures that heat can be transferred to the tripping mechanism. The accumulated heat causes the tripping mechanism, which is a low-melting-point solder joint, to reach the operating temperature. The spring pressure plate 108 releases its elastic force, pushing the incoming terminal 104 to move. This causes the wiring components inside the incoming terminal 104 to mechanically separate from the internal circuit, forming a physical break. At the same time, the protective isolation seat 100 ensures insulation between the breaks, completely cutting off the fault current and preventing fire.

[0046] To address the issue that angular deviation between the ceramic resistance plate 204 and the second graphite plate 205 causes surface contact to degenerate into line contact or even point contact, an adaptive heat conduction component 2 is set up. Based on the tilt of the ceramic resistance plate 204, multiple second graphite plates 205 adaptively move and adhere to the surface of the tilted ceramic resistance plate 204, allowing them to continue to maintain surface contact.

[0047] Preferably, the specific working process of the adaptive heat conduction component 2 is as follows: Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, the adaptive heat conduction assembly 2 also includes a heat transfer seat 201 and two arc-shaped reinforcing ribs 202. The heat transfer seat 201 is disposed inside the trip shell 103, and the two arc-shaped reinforcing ribs 202 are respectively disposed at the bottom of the heat transfer seat 201 to support the bottom of the first graphite plate 203. The adaptive heat conduction assembly 2 also includes a binding plate 207, a support frame 209, a support shaft 210, a roller 211, and multiple adjusting plates 212. The binding plate 207 is disposed inside the trip shell 103, multiple compression springs 208 are respectively disposed at the bottom of the binding plate 207, the support frame 209 is disposed at the bottom of the binding plate 207, and the support shaft 210 is disposed at the bottom of the support frame 207. Inside the frame 209, the roller 211 is sleeved on one end of the support shaft 210. One side of the two adjusting plates 212 is connected to the two sides of the roller 211 respectively. The multiple adjusting plates 212 are movably hinged to drive the multiple second graphite plates 205 to move and contact the inclined ceramic resistance plate 204. One end of the multiple adjusting strips 219 is connected to the bottom of the multiple adjusting plates 212 respectively, and the other end of the multiple adjusting strips 219 is connected to the top of the multiple third graphite plates 206 respectively. The two arc-shaped reinforcing ribs 202 are arc-shaped and made of aluminum alloy to enhance the load-bearing capacity of the bottom of the heat transfer seat 201.

[0048] A heat transfer base 201 is fixedly installed inside the trip shell 103. Two arc-shaped reinforcing ribs 202 are fixedly installed at the bottom of the heat transfer base 201. A first graphite plate 203 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the ceramic resistance plate 204. Multiple second graphite plates 205 are movably installed at the top of the ceramic resistance plate 204. Multiple third graphite plates 206 are fixedly installed at the top of the second graphite plates 205. A restraint plate 207 is fixedly installed inside the trip shell 103. Multiple compression springs 208 are fixedly installed at the bottom of the restraint plate 207. Multiple bimetallic strips 2180 are fixedly installed at one end of the compression springs 208. A support frame 209 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the restraint plate 207. A support shaft 210... The roller 211 is movably sleeved on one end of the support shaft 210 and is fixedly installed inside the support frame 209. One side of two adjusting plates 212 is fixedly connected to the two sides of the roller 211, and one side of the other two adjusting plates 212 is movably hinged to one side of two of the adjusting plates 212. Multiple rubber pads 213 are fixedly installed at the bottom of the adjusting plates 212. The limiting frame 214 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the support frame 209. The limiting plate 215 is fixedly installed inside the limiting frame 214. One side of two limiting blocks 216 is fixedly connected to the two sides of the limiting plate 215, and one side of two silicone strips 217 is fixedly connected to one side of the two limiting blocks 216.

[0049] When the protective isolator 100 is installed on the train, due to the high speed of the train, the protective isolator 100 will also shake. Therefore, the tripping housing 103 inside it will also shake. The ceramic resistance plate 204 is located inside the tripping housing 103 and will shake with the shaking of the tripping housing 103, causing the ceramic resistance plate 204 to tilt. This divides the overall second graphite plate 205 into multiple pieces. The multiple second graphite plates 205 can be movably installed on the top of the ceramic resistance plate 204. When the ceramic resistance plate 204 tilts and moves, the multiple second graphite plates 205 adaptively adjust their angles to fit against the tilted ceramic resistance plate 204. The two ends of the compression spring 208 are respectively connected to the top of the restraint plate 207 and the adjusting plate 212. The restraint plate 207 acts as a fixing seat for the compression spring 208, firmly securing the upper end of the compression spring 208. The support frame 209, support shaft 210, roller 211, and adjusting plate 212 form a universal floating mechanism. Simply put, it is a movable joint that allows the second graphite plate 205 to move up and down and swing slightly left and right when subjected to force. The adjusting plate 212 consists of two connecting plates connected by the support shaft 210 and roller 211, achieving a hinge-like multi-directional rotation capability. The rubber pad 213 is located at the bottom of the adjusting plate 212. Because it is made of rubber, it is relatively soft and serves to cushion and increase friction, allowing the ceramic resistance plate 204 to fit more tightly with the second graphite plate 205. The current and heat are transferred through the first graphite plate 205. The force is transmitted from graphite plate 203 to the surface of ceramic resistor plate 204, and then further transmitted through second graphite plate 205 and third graphite plate 206 to the surface of ceramic resistor plate 204. When ceramic resistor plate 204 tilts, the force is transmitted to the second graphite plate 205. Because ceramic resistor plate 204 is tilted, the downward pressure on each of the second graphite plates 205 is different. The second graphite plate 205 that is under greater pressure will compress the compression spring 208 above it, and through the adjustment plate 212 and roller 211 joint below, it will tilt slightly downward or to the side, always ensuring that its bottom surface is perfectly in contact with the tilted surface of ceramic resistor plate 204. Each second graphite plate 205 is tightly attached to ceramic resistor plate 204, and the third graphite plate above them... Plate 206 is tightly pressed against the second graphite plate 205, allowing heat to be transferred quickly and without loss from the ceramic resistance plate 204 to the third graphite plate 206. The heat from the first graphite plate 203, ceramic resistance plate 204, second graphite plate 205, and third graphite plate 206 is rapidly conducted to the spring pressure plate 108 via the second heat-conducting plate 107. Multiple second graphite plates 205 automatically adjust their angles to match the local tilt of the ceramic resistance plate 204. Regardless of how the ceramic resistance plate 204 deflects, there will always be a set of second graphite plates 205 in surface contact. This increased contact area improves thermal conductivity and prevents point contact during the tilting process, which would otherwise concentrate heat in localized areas and create hot spots.This can easily accelerate the aging of the trip shell 103 and the protector shell. Multiple second graphite plates 205 can disperse the heat conduction path, ensuring uniform heat distribution. Each second graphite plate 205 conducts heat independently, preventing heat accumulation in a single channel. This upgrades single-channel heat conduction to multi-channel parallel heat conduction, reducing heat flux density, decreasing thermal stress on the ceramic resistance plate 204, and extending its lifespan. Each second graphite plate 205 and third graphite plate 206 floats independently, absorbing and buffering vibration energy. The small gaps between multiple plates allow relative movement, preventing stress concentration and transforming the rigid connection into a flexible one. Each second graphite plate 205 can independently adjust its height and angle, forming a stepped contact surface. Regardless of the orientation of the ceramic resistance plate 204, the multiple second graphite plates 205 can always dynamically adjust to a matching contact surface.

[0050] Preferably, the specific working process of the adaptive heat conduction component 2 is as follows: Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the adaptive heat conduction component 2 also includes multiple bimetallic strips 2180. One end of each bimetallic strip 2180 is connected to one end of each compression spring 208, and the other end of each bimetallic strip 2180 is connected to the top of each adjustment plate 212. The adaptive heat conduction component 2 also includes a limiting frame 214, a limiting plate 215, two limiting blocks 216, and multiple adjustment strips 219. The limiting frame 214 is located at the bottom of the support frame 209, the limiting plate 215 is located inside the limiting frame 214, one side of each of the two limiting blocks 216 is connected to both sides of the limiting plate 215, and one side of each of the two silicone strips 217 is connected to the other side of each of the two limiting blocks 216.

[0051] The limiting frame 214, limiting plate 215, limiting block 216, and silicone strip 217 act as a guardrail. When the second graphite plate 205 moves too violently or at too large an angle, it will be blocked by this guardrail, ensuring that it only floats within a safe range and will not slide off the side. The silicone strip 217 is made of silicone material, which is soft. The silicone strip 217 serves to make soft contact with the rubber pad 213 to avoid hard collisions. It can limit the swing of the adjusting plate 212 to prevent the adjusting plate 212 from swinging too much and directly colliding with the electrodes in the ceramic resistance plate 204, thus preventing damage to the internal components. The mechanical limit can prevent the second graphite plate 205 from continuing to press down and prevent the second graphite plate 205 from directly hitting the electrodes of the ceramic resistance plate 204 or other sensitive parts.

[0052] Preferred, according to Figure 8As shown, each of the multiple bimetallic strips 2180 contains an Invar alloy layer 2181 and a brass layer 2182. When heated, the bimetallic strips 2180 expand, forming a reverse arch, which increases the gap between them and the ceramic resistance plate 204 in the opposite direction of thermal expansion. This compensates for the excess gap between the ceramic resistance plate 204 and the second graphite plate 205 caused by temperature rise. The Invar alloy layer 2181 is a passive layer with low expansion, while the brass layer 2182 is an active layer with high expansion, capable of producing a bending effect. At room temperature, the bimetallic strips 2180 are flat. The edges of the bimetallic strips 2180 are supported on the adjusting plate 212, and the center is in contact with the compression spring 208. Therefore, when the temperature of the third graphite plate 206 rises, the brass layer 2182 expands more than the passive layer. This difference in expansion generates a torque, forcing the center of the bimetallic strip 2180 to arch upwards. This structure upgrades the originally passive elastic support to a more dynamic one. The preload compensation mechanism, capable of sensing temperature and actively adjusting, causes thermal expansion in the ceramic resistance plate 204, the second graphite plate 205, the third graphite plate 206, and the first graphite plate 203 when the temperature rises. This expansion often leads to an increase in the relative distance between the contact interfaces, or a decrease in preload due to the softening of the compression spring 208, thereby increasing the contact resistance and generating more heat. The bimetallic strip 2180, after being heated, arches in the opposite direction to the increase in gap caused by thermal expansion. It actively pushes the compression spring 208 upward, which is equivalent to producing a negative thermal expansion coefficient in addition to the thermal expansion of the material itself. This compensates for the excess gap caused by the temperature rise and makes up for the decrease in the elasticity of the compression spring 208. With the compensation of the bimetallic strip 2180, the compression spring 208 does not need to provide excessive preload at room temperature, only needing to ensure basic contact. This allows the compression spring 208 to work at a lower stress level for a long time, improving its fatigue resistance.

[0053] It should be noted that the thrust generated by the bimetallic strip 2180 is greater than the elastic force increment of the compression spring 208 after the displacement compensation. The center of the bimetallic strip 2180 and the compression spring 208 are in spherical contact to ensure that the pressure is transmitted vertically and to avoid eccentric loading.

[0054] To address the issue of the gap between the ceramic resistance plate 204 and the second graphite plate 205 widening and affecting subsequent heat conduction efficiency, a heat conduction repair component 3 is installed. During the friction process between the two, the outflowing repair agent 303 repairs the gap.

[0055] Preferably, the specific working process of the thermally conductive repair component 3 is as follows: Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, the thermally conductive repair component 3 also includes multiple contact patterns 301. The multiple contact patterns 301 are respectively opened on the bottom surface of multiple second graphite plates 205. The contact patterns 301 are grid-shaped sharp points, so that when the ceramic resistor plate 204 contacts the second graphite plate 205, the current is changed from being concentrated through a few points to being dispersed through countless points, which is used to improve the surge resistance capability of the protector.

[0056] The surface of the ceramic resistor plate 204 forms an oxide layer in the air, which attracts dust. These contaminants form an insulating layer, increasing the initial contact resistance. Under the pressure of the compression spring 208, the contact grooves 301 generate pressure. The peaks of the contact grooves 301 can pierce and squeeze the oxide layer and contaminants on the surface of the ceramic resistor plate 204, achieving a metallic interlock and forming a low-resistance conductive channel. During repeated surge impacts or long-term wear, wear debris will be generated on the contact surface. The contact surface refers to the ceramic resistor plate 204 and the second graphite plate 205. The contact surface is a completely smooth plane. These wear debris have nowhere to go and will accumulate between the interfaces, leading to increased contact resistance and even forming local arcs. The grooves can act as chip collection grooves. The particles generated by wear can be pushed into these grooves, thereby ensuring that the raised tips of the grooves always remain clean and in close contact, maintaining the conductive area of ​​the ceramic resistor plate 204 and the second graphite plate 205.

[0057] These textures can also make contact simultaneously, so that the current changes from being concentrated through a few points to being dispersed through countless points, making the current distribution more uniform, reducing local hot spots, and improving the overall current carrying capacity of the ceramic resistance plate 204, the second graphite plate 205, and the third graphite plate 206.

[0058] During the tilting and shaking of the ceramic resistance plate 204, multiple second graphite plates 205 also tilt and shake, resulting in repeated friction between the two. As the friction continues, the microcapsule layer 302 is gradually worn thinner. When the wear depth reaches the location of the microcapsule layer 302, it is exposed and ruptures, releasing the repair agent 303, which is tung oil. The tung oil gradually flows into the gaps between the ceramic resistance plate 204 and the second graphite plates 205, forming a lubricating film, reducing the coefficient of friction, and minimizing further wear. The microcapsule layer 302 is a polyurethane core material. Friction between the resistive plate 204 and the second graphite plate 205 generates heat, which is then transferred to the surface of the microcapsule layer 302. Once the heat reaches the melting point of the polyurethane core material, the layer ruptures, and the repair agent 303 flows out smoothly. After the gap between the two is repaired, the contact area between the ceramic resistive plate 204 and the second graphite plate 205 is increased, allowing them to continue to be in surface contact. Due to capillary action, the tung oil will automatically flow into the gaps between the ceramic resistive plate 204 and the second graphite plate 205 that were not in contact, filling these depressions. Heat and current can be transferred through this oil film with good thermal conductivity, ensuring the continuity of thermal and electrical conduction.

[0059] Preferred, according to Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, a junction box 102 is provided on one side of the protective isolation base 100, and multiple wiring components 101 are inserted and connected to the top of the protective isolation base 100. An inlet terminal 104 is installed on one side of the trip shell 103. The multiple wiring components 101 are interconnected. Two outlet terminals 105 are provided on one side of the multiple wiring components 101. A first heat-conducting plate 106 is provided on one side of the first graphite plate 203, and a second heat-conducting plate 107 is provided on the other side of the first graphite plate 203. One end of each of the two outlet terminals 105 is connected to one side of the first heat-conducting plate 106. The junction box 102 is fixedly inserted and connected to one side of the protective isolation base 100, and the multiple wiring components 101 are fixedly inserted and connected to the top of the protective isolation base 100.

[0060] Working Principle: A surge protector is a device used to protect electrical equipment from transient overvoltages such as lightning strikes and power grid switching overvoltages. It belongs to the category of emergency protection circuit devices. Surge protectors are equipped with a mechanical tripping device to isolate the device from the system when it deteriorates or overheats, preventing fire. Its housing provides mechanical protection and electrical insulation, typically made of highly flame-retardant materials. The mounting terminals connect the protected circuit and the grounding wire. The core principle of a surge protector is based on the impedance change characteristics of a non-linear element, acting like a circuit breaker without interfering with normal equipment operation. After the surge subsides and the voltage returns to normal, the protector automatically returns to a high-impedance state, waiting for the next action. Some protectors will trigger when they detect continuous overcurrent or self-deterioration / overheating. Mechanical tripping permanently disconnects the circuit, achieving fault isolation. Traditional mechanical tripping typically relies on low-melting-point solder joints. The heating element is usually separate from the tripping mechanism. Heat must first be transferred to the intermediate metal electrode, then to the connecting wire, and finally to the tripping mechanism. This process is a long path, leading to a slow thermal response. When the heating element has overheated, the tripping mechanism has not yet reached its operating temperature, resulting in protection lag and increasing the risk of fire. Some surge protectors use ceramic resistors and graphite modules for thermal conduction and tripping. The graphite module is often fixed on the surface of the ceramic resistor. When surge protectors are installed in trains, the continuous contact between the wheels and rails generates broadband vibrations. As a rigid body, the ceramic resistor will displace during continuous vibration. Accumulated heat causes overall tilting, resulting in angular deviation between the ceramic resistor and the graphite module. Surface contact degenerates into line contact or even point contact, causing severe heat flow contraction at the interface. Heat flow lines are forced to squeeze through extremely small contact points, leading to a sudden increase in interface temperature. The heat generated by the ceramic resistor cannot be dissipated through the graphite in time, causing excessive internal temperature rise in the ceramic resistor, accelerating aging. The gap between the two also widens, affecting subsequent heat conduction efficiency. Therefore, the circuit cannot be disconnected in time. The cable is connected to the interior of multiple connectors 101 through the junction box 102. Current flows through the multiple connectors 101 into the output terminal 105, and then continues through the first heat-conducting plate 106 into the internal nonlinear resistor sheet, which is located in the protective isolation seat 10. Within 0, the heat is conducted through the second heat-conducting plate 107 to the two spring pressure plates 108, and finally flows out through the input terminal 104. At this time, the spring pressure plates 108 press the internal components through the trip shell 103 to keep the circuit unobstructed. When the resistor deteriorates or continuously overheats due to overcurrent, the heat is quickly conducted to the area of ​​the trip shell 103 through the first heat-conducting plate 106 and the second heat-conducting plate 107. The design of the heat-conducting plates ensures that the heat can be transferred to the tripping mechanism. The accumulated heat causes the tripping mechanism, which has a low melting point solder joint, to reach the operating temperature. After this temperature is reached, the spring pressure plate 108 releases its elastic force, pushing the input terminal 104 to move, causing the wiring components inside the input terminal 104 to mechanically separate from the internal circuit, forming a physical break. At the same time, the protective isolation seat 100 ensures insulation between the breaks.To completely cut off the fault current and prevent fire, when the protective isolator 100 is installed on the train, due to the high speed of the train, the protective isolator 100 will also shake. Therefore, the tripping shell 103 inside it will also shake. The ceramic resistance plate 204 is located inside the tripping shell 103, and it shakes with the shaking of the tripping shell 103, causing the ceramic resistance plate 204 to tilt. This divides the entire second graphite plate 205 into multiple pieces. The multiple second graphite plates 205 can be movably installed on the top of the ceramic resistance plate 204. When the ceramic resistance plate 204 tilts and moves, the multiple second graphite plates 205 adaptively adjust their angles to fit against the tilted ceramic resistance plate 204. The two ends of the compression spring 208 are respectively connected to the restraint plate 2. 07 and the top of the adjusting plate 212, the restraint plate 207 is equivalent to the fixing seat of the compression spring 208, firmly fixing the upper end of the compression spring 208. The support frame 209, support shaft 210, roller 211 and adjusting plate 212 are a universal floating mechanism. Simply put, it is a movable joint that allows the second graphite plate 205 to move up and down and swing slightly left and right when subjected to force. The adjusting plate 212 consists of two connecting plates connected by the support shaft 210 and roller 211, realizing a hinge-like multi-directional rotation capability. The rubber pad 213 is located at the bottom of the adjusting plate 212. Because it is made of rubber, it is relatively soft and plays a role in buffering and increasing friction, allowing the ceramic resistor plate 204 to fit more tightly with the second graphite plate 205, and the current... Heat is transferred from the first graphite plate 203 to the surface of the ceramic resistance plate 204, and then further through the second graphite plate 205 and the third graphite plate 206 to the surface of the ceramic resistance plate 204. When the ceramic resistance plate 204 tilts, it transfers force to the second graphite plates 205. Because the ceramic resistance plate 204 is tilted, the downward pressure on each of the second graphite plates 205 is different. The second graphite plate 205 under greater pressure will compress the compression spring 208 above it, and through the adjustment plate 212 and roller 211 joint below, it will tilt slightly downward or to the side, always ensuring that its bottom surface is perfectly in contact with the tilted surface of the ceramic resistance plate 204. Each second graphite plate 205 is tightly attached to the ceramic resistance plate 204, and the third graphite plate 206 above them... The third graphite plate 206 is tightly pressed against the second graphite plate 205, allowing heat to be transferred quickly and without loss from the ceramic resistance plate 204 to the third graphite plate 206. The heat from the first graphite plate 203, ceramic resistance plate 204, second graphite plate 205, and third graphite plate 206 is rapidly conducted to the spring pressure plate 108 via the second heat-conducting plate 107. The multiple second graphite plates 205 automatically adjust their angles to match the local tilt of the ceramic resistance plate 204. Regardless of how the ceramic resistance plate 204 deflects, there will always be a set of second graphite plates 205 in surface contact. This increased contact area improves thermal conductivity and prevents point contact during the tilting process, which would otherwise concentrate heat in localized areas and create hot spots.This can easily accelerate the aging of the trip shell 103 and the protector shell. Multiple second graphite plates 205 can disperse the heat conduction path, and the heat flow is evenly distributed. Each second graphite plate 205 conducts heat independently, avoiding heat accumulation in a single channel. This upgrades single-channel heat conduction to multi-channel parallel heat conduction, reducing heat flux density, decreasing the thermal stress of the ceramic resistance plate 204, and extending its lifespan. Each second graphite plate 205 and third graphite plate 206 floats independently, which can absorb and buffer vibration energy. The small gaps between multiple plates allow relative movement, avoiding stress concentration and changing the rigid connection between the two to a flexible connection. Each second graphite plate 205 can independently adjust its height and angle to form a stepped contact surface. No matter how the posture of the ceramic resistance plate 204 changes, multiple second graphite plates 205 can maintain their contact surface. 5. The system can dynamically adjust to find a matching contact surface. The limit frame 214, limit plate 215, limit block 216, and silicone strip 217 act as a guardrail. When the second graphite plate 205 moves too violently or at too large an angle, it will be blocked by this guardrail, ensuring that it only floats within a safe range and does not slip off. The silicone strip 217 is made of soft silicone material and serves to make soft contact with the rubber pad 213, avoiding hard collisions. It can limit the swing of the adjustment plate 212, preventing the adjustment plate 212 from swinging too much and directly colliding with the electrodes inside the ceramic resistor plate 204, which could damage the internal components. The mechanical limit can prevent the second graphite plate 205 from continuing to press down and prevent the second graphite plate 205 from directly impacting the ceramic resistor plate 204. When the ceramic resistance plate 204 electrode or other sensitive components are struck, the ceramic resistance plate 204, the second graphite plate 205, the third graphite plate 206, and the first graphite plate 203 will all undergo thermal expansion. This expansion often leads to an increase in the relative distance between the contact interfaces, or a decrease in the preload due to the softening of the compression spring 208, thereby increasing the contact resistance and generating more heat. The bimetallic strip 2180, after being heated, arches upwards in the opposite direction to the increase in gap caused by thermal expansion. It actively pushes the compression spring 208 upwards, effectively producing a negative coefficient of thermal expansion in addition to the thermal expansion of the material itself. This compensates for the excess gap caused by the temperature rise and makes up for the decrease in the elasticity of the compression spring 208. With the compensation of the bimetallic strip 2180, the compression... Spring 208 does not require excessive preload at room temperature; ensuring basic contact is sufficient. This allows compression spring 208 to operate at a low stress level for extended periods, improving fatigue resistance. During the tilting and swaying of ceramic resistance plate 204, multiple second graphite plates 205 also tilt and sway, resulting in repeated friction. As friction continues, the microcapsule layer 302 is gradually worn thin. When the wear depth reaches the location of the microcapsule layer 302, it is exposed and ruptures, releasing the repair agent 303, which is tung oil. The tung oil gradually flows into the gaps between the ceramic resistance plate 204 and the second graphite plates 205, forming a lubricating film, reducing the coefficient of friction, and minimizing further wear. The microcapsule layer 302 is a polyurethane core material.Friction between the ceramic resistance plate 204 and the second graphite plate 205 generates heat, which is transferred to the surface of the microcapsule layer 302. Once the heat reaches the melting point of the polyurethane core material, the microcapsule layer ruptures, allowing the repair agent 303 to flow out smoothly. This repairs the gap between the two materials, increasing the contact area between them and ensuring continued surface contact. Due to capillary action, the tung oil automatically flows into the uncontacted gaps between the ceramic resistance plate 204 and the second graphite plate 205, filling these depressions. Heat and current can be transferred through this thermally conductive oil film, ensuring the continuity of thermal and electrical conductivity.

[0061] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A trip-type surge protector based on a ceramic resistor and a graphite module, characterized in that, include: Protective isolation seat (100); The tripping housing (103) is located on one side of the top of the protective isolation seat (100) and is used to automatically disconnect the circuit to form physical isolation. The tripping housing (103) has two spring pressure plates (108) inside. An adaptive heat-conducting component (2) is disposed inside the trip shell (103). The adaptive heat-conducting component (2) includes a first graphite plate (203), a ceramic resistance plate (204), a plurality of second graphite plates (205) and a plurality of third graphite plates (206). The contact between the first graphite plate (203), the ceramic resistance plate (204) and the second graphite plates (205) is used to transfer heat to the surface of two spring pressure plates (108) to release the elastic force and disconnect the internal circuit. The adaptive heat conduction component (2) also includes multiple compression springs (208) to move multiple second graphite plates (205), which are used for the independent floating of the second graphite plates (205) to automatically adjust their angles to match the local tilt of the ceramic resistance plate (204), so that the second graphite plates (205) and the ceramic resistance plate (204) are in surface contact. The adaptive heat-conducting assembly (2) also includes multiple movable rubber pads (213) and two fixed silicone strips (217), the silicone strips being used to prevent the second graphite plate (205) from continuing to press down and directly impacting the bottom electrode, thus preventing damage. The thermally conductive repair component (3) is disposed inside the second graphite plate (205). The ceramic resistor plate (204) rubs against the second graphite plate (205), causing the microcapsule layer (302) installed in the thermally conductive repair component (3) to rupture. The repair agent (303) inside the microcapsule layer (302) flows out to fill the crack that appears at the contact surface between the two.

2. The trip-type surge protector based on ceramic resistors and graphite modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive heat conduction component (2) further includes a heat transfer seat (201) and two arc-shaped reinforcing ribs (202). The heat transfer seat (201) is located inside the release shell (103). The two arc-shaped reinforcing ribs (202) are respectively located at the bottom of the heat transfer seat (201) to support the bottom of the first graphite plate (203). The adaptive heat conduction component (2) further includes a binding plate (207), a support frame (209), a support shaft (210), a roller (211), and multiple adjusting plates (212). The binding plate (207) is located inside the release shell (103), and multiple compression springs (208) are respectively located at the bottom of the binding plate (207).

3. The trip-type surge protector based on ceramic resistors and graphite modules according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support frame (209) is located at the bottom of the binding plate (207), the support shaft (210) is located inside the support frame (209), the roller (211) is sleeved on one end of the support shaft (210), and one side of the two adjustment plates (212) is connected to the two sides of the roller (211) respectively. The multiple adjustment plates (212) are movably hinged to each other to drive the multiple second graphite plates (205) to move and contact the inclined ceramic resistance plate (204).

4. The trip-type surge protector based on ceramic resistors and graphite modules according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adaptive heat-conducting component (2) also includes multiple bimetallic strips (2180). One end of each of the multiple bimetallic strips (2180) is connected to one end of each of the multiple compression springs (208), and the other end of each of the multiple bimetallic strips (2180) is connected to the top of each of the multiple adjustment plates (212). Each of the multiple bimetallic strips (2180) has an Invar alloy layer (2181) and a brass layer (2182). When heated, the bimetallic strips (2180) expand to form a reverse arch, so that the gap between them and the ceramic resistance plate (204) increases in the opposite direction, thus compensating for the excess gap between the ceramic resistance plate (204) and the second graphite plate (205) caused by the temperature rise.

5. The trip-type surge protector based on ceramic resistors and graphite modules according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adaptive heat conduction component (2) also includes a limiting frame (214), a limiting plate (215), two limiting blocks (216) and multiple adjusting strips (219). The limiting frame (214) is located at the bottom of the support frame (209), the limiting plate (215) is located inside the limiting frame (214), one side of the two limiting blocks (216) is connected to both sides of the limiting plate (215), and one side of the two silicone strips (217) is connected to the other side of the two limiting blocks (216).

6. The trip-type surge protector based on ceramic resistors and graphite modules according to claim 5, characterized in that: One end of each of the multiple adjustment strips (219) is connected to the bottom of a multiple adjustment plate (212), and the other end of each of the multiple adjustment strips (219) is connected to the top of a multiple third graphite plate (206).

7. The trip-type surge protector based on ceramic resistors and graphite modules according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thermally conductive repair component (3) also includes multiple contact patterns (301), which are respectively opened on the bottom surface of multiple second graphite plates (205). The contact patterns (301) are grid-shaped sharp points, so that when the ceramic resistor plate (204) contacts the second graphite plate (205), the current is changed from concentrated through a few points to dispersed through countless points, which is used to improve the surge resistance of the protector.

8. The trip-type surge protector based on ceramic resistors and graphite modules according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both of the aforementioned arc-shaped reinforcing ribs (202) are arc-shaped and made of aluminum alloy to enhance the load-bearing capacity of the bottom of the heat transfer base (201).

9. The trip-type surge protector based on ceramic resistors and graphite modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: A junction box (102) is provided on one side of the protective isolation seat (100), and multiple wiring components (101) are inserted and connected to the top of the protective isolation seat (100). An inlet terminal (104) is installed on one side of the trip shell (103). The multiple wiring components (101) are interconnected, and two outlet terminals (105) are provided on one side of the multiple wiring components (101).

10. The trip-type surge protector based on ceramic resistors and graphite modules according to claim 9, characterized in that: A first heat-conducting plate (106) is provided on one side of the first graphite plate (203), and a second heat-conducting plate (107) is provided on the other side of the first graphite plate (203). One end of each of the two outgoing terminals (105) is connected to one side of the first heat-conducting plate (106).

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