Three-river parallel flow water frying power generation flood protection method

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-river parallel flow water frying power generation flood control protection method which comprises the steps of horizontal tunnel arrangement, water diversion pipe step arrangement, ventilation window arrangement, water frying tunnel water pipe V and water tank comparison, tunnel section change, river channel centrifugal sand discharge and linear river channel sand discharge. The method comprises the following steps: arranging a sand blocking semi-water gate, comparing tunnel segmentation conditions, arranging a water inlet sand discharge pump-floating platform, and arranging a water conduit funnel, a screen and a hexagonal filter screen. The hydroelectric generation is stable in benefit; rivers are networked, and the drought and flood adjusting capacity is multiplied and far exceeds that of a water storage power station; three gorges have more time to raise the water level of the reservoir, more electricity is generated, and flood is prevented by lowering the water level; if the three gorges are attacked to break the dam, the destructive power of the flood to the downstream is reduced, namely, the attacked value of the three gorges is reduced, and the risk of being attacked is also reduced; for flood disasters, downstream flood control is helped, red envelopes can be collected, and water is most suitable for being used as the red envelopes in rainy seasons; the three gorges dam break exercise is facilitated, and controllability is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power generation and flood control protection technology, specifically a method for flood control protection of power generation in the Three Parallel Rivers area. Background Technology

[0002] The Chaoshui project normally only uses hydropower for power generation and does not change the water volume of each river in principle. In case of unexpected emergencies, the Chaoshui tunnel can be used to transfer water to adjacent rivers, diverting water to the Lancang River to reduce flooding in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The Jinsha River accounts for 1 / 6 of the Yangtze River's water volume, which can significantly reduce the Yangtze River flood disaster.

[0003] This invention is based on the special geographical conditions of the Jinsha River, Lancang River and Nujiang River flowing in parallel, which are connected by tunnels. Its uses are fourfold: (1) to use the natural elevation difference of the three rivers to make the water flow back and forth between the three rivers to achieve the purpose of flood control; (2) to regulate drought and flood, serve downstream countries, and collect water during the rainy season; (3) to use hydropower for power generation. In the area of ​​the three rivers flowing in parallel, the water can be used in conjunction with the water storage and hydropower method; (4) to reduce the loss of the Three Gorges Dam and reduce the attack value, which is conducive to the safety of the Three Gorges Dam. Therefore, we propose a flood control and protection method for the three rivers flowing in parallel to generate water. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the existing defects and provide a flood control and protection method for hydropower generation in the Three Parallel Rivers. The core content is based on the geographical conditions of the Three Parallel Rivers and proposes a hydropower generation method, (2) sand discharge method, including river centrifugal sand discharge, / tunnel inlet, flow-limiting and sand-blocking half-sluice gate / high step, / increasing the size of the tunnel inlet section to slow down the water flow and deposit sand and gravel, / using a washboard design at the end to concentrate sand and gravel, (3) tunnel and water tank, escape inclined fence, (4) floating platform of the sand discharge pump at the inlet, (5) water pipe funnel / screen, and the design of detachable insert plate, slot filter screen, etc.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a flood control protection method for hydropower generation in the Three Parallel Rivers region, including horizontal tunnels, water diversion pipe step arrangement, ventilation windows, comparison of water pipe V-channel in the hydropower tunnel, tunnel cross-section changes, centrifugal sand discharge in the river channel, sand discharge in the straight river channel, setting of sand-blocking semi-sluice gate, comparison of tunnel segmentation, setting of sand discharge pump-floating platform at the inlet, water diversion pipe funnel, screen, and hexagonal filter screen;

[0006] This method for flood control and protection during hydropower generation in the Three Parallel Rivers region includes the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Horizontal tunnel, water diversion pipe stepped layout, ventilation windows: The water trough reaches the top of the water turbine before entering the water diversion pipe through the water bucket. The water diversion pipe is connected in stepped sections. Each step of the mountain bears the weight of each section of the water diversion pipe equally. In accordance with the height of each section of the water diversion pipe, windows are opened in the valley rock wall for ventilation. This serves as a construction platform and also as an entrance and exit channel for maintenance and equipment replacement.

[0008] Step 2, Comparison of water pipe and water trough in water tunnel: For the same tunnel cross-section, the cross-sectional area of ​​the water trough is larger than that of the water pipe. The water pipe method requires leaving a passage width, while the water trough method does not. The cross-sectional area of ​​the water trough is almost twice that of the water pipe method. During the peak power generation period, the water level of the water trough is close to the platform, or even above the platform. The cross-sectional area of ​​the water trough is almost four times that of the water pipe. Using the water trough, the amount of engineering work in the tunnel is greatly reduced.

[0009] Step 3, Tunnel cross-section changes: The outer contour is the water inlet, with the largest cross-section and the slowest water flow, where sediment is deposited. The middle contour is the middle section, with the longest length, and the inner contour is the end water channel, with the smallest cross-section. An inclined washboard road is set up to concentrate fine sand. At the lower left corner of the inner contour is the sand discharge channel of the washboard road.

[0010] Step 4, Centrifugal Sand Discharge in the River Channel: Utilizing the centrifugal force of the water flow in the bay, using sloping sand-discharge dams and sand-discharge barriers, sand and gravel are thrown to the opposite bank by the centrifugal force of the river water in the bay and flow downstream with the river. The larger and heavier the sand and gravel, the farther they are thrown.

[0011] Step 5, setting up a sand-blocking half-sluice gate for straight river channels: If there is no bay, a bend can be created. On the bank of a straight river channel, add a section of protruding artificial dam, which is a vertical protruding wall, to create a bend, block water and flying sand, and throw large sand and gravel to the opposite bank. During the rainy season, the water level at the inlet will rise, and the water inflow needs to be limited. Moreover, at this time, the sand content of the river water is high, so it is necessary to prevent sand and gravel from entering. Use the lower half of the half-sluice gate to raise the height of the inlet, control the flow, and incidentally intercept the sand and gravel at the bottom of the water outside the inlet.

[0012] Step 6, comparison of tunnel sections: The water-passing cross section is the largest, and the water flow V is the smallest, which is conducive to the deposition of sand and gravel. Therefore, the water intake section is the sand accumulation section. It is a series of steps from low to high, with sand accumulation pits all the way. The water flow is slow, and the sand and gravel have nowhere to get support. Climbing the steps is too high and too tiring to pass through. They fall into the sand accumulation pits along the way, rest for a few months, and then drain back into the river channel.

[0013] Step 7, Setting up the inlet sand pump-floating platform: The volume of the sand accumulation pit in the inlet section needs to be large enough to hold the amount of sand and gravel for one season. If the sand and gravel are full during the power generation season, there are ways to do so, such as using a rubber boat to carry a water pump to pump the sand and discharge it into the original river channel.

[0014] Step 8: Setting up the water inlet pipe funnel, screen, and hexagonal filter: The highest point of the screen is the central ring, which is connected to the overhead crane hook, or a dedicated hook is provided for the screen. The screen is always pulled up, so it's safe for personnel to work on it. The hexagonal filter intercepts small but heavy foreign objects, such as bolts that may fall in during maintenance. These objects sink to the bottom of the water tank and remain outside the hexagonal filter due to gravity, and can be found and cleaned when the screen is opened again. Below the screen, the hexagonal filter intercepts foreign objects and is designed with a plate / slot for easy disassembly.

[0015] Preferably, the sand removal method includes centrifugal sand removal in the river channel, tunnel inlet, flow-limiting and sand-blocking half-sluice gate / high step, increasing the size of the tunnel inlet section to slow down the water flow, depositing sand and gravel, and using a washboard design at the end to concentrate sand and gravel.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] 1. Hydropower generation provides stable income.

[0018] 2. The interconnectedness of rivers greatly enhances their ability to regulate droughts and floods, far exceeding that of hydropower stations.

[0019] 3. The Three Gorges Dam can have more time to raise the reservoir water level and generate more electricity, so it will not be necessary to lower the water level for flood control before the rainy season.

[0020] 4. Flood control and military value: If the Three Gorges Dam is attacked and collapses, the destructive power of the flood to the downstream area will decrease, which will reduce the value of the Three Gorges Dam to be attacked and thus reduce the risk of being attacked.

[0021] 5. In the face of floods, help downstream flood control and you can receive a red envelope (gift of money). This is most suitable during the rainy season, with water as the red envelope.

[0022] 6. It helps the Three Gorges Dam conduct dam failure drills, which are controllable.

[0023] 7. There are emergency water diversion projects that help raise the water level of the Three Gorges Dam before the rainy season. With the same amount of water, more electricity can be generated, with an average annual increase of 1 billion kW of electricity. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a flood control and protection method for hydroelectric power generation in three parallel rivers according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal tunnel, water pipe step arrangement, and ventilation windows in this invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram comparing the water pipe and water tank in the water-burning tunnel of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in the tunnel cross-section in this invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of centrifugal sand removal in the river channel according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the straight river channel sand discharge and sand-blocking semi-sluice gate in this invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram comparing the segmentation of the tunnel in this invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the setup of the inlet sand pump-floating platform in this invention;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the water inlet pipe funnel, screen, and hexagonal filter screen in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] As attached Figure 1-9 As shown, a flood control and protection method for hydropower generation in the Three Parallel Rivers region:

[0037] Taking 3 rivers, 1 group, and 4 tunnels as an example, the sequence is A→B→C→B→A.

[0038] As attached Figure 2 In the middle: the design of the steps of the Chaoshui Tunnel on the left, the three-view diagram of the Sanjiang Chaoshui in the middle, and the cross-section of the Sanjiang Chaoshui on the right. (1) Top view of the Sanjiang, (2) Cross-section of the Sanjiang, (3) Mountain, (4) Horizontal tunnel, (5) Water diversion pipe funnel and step-shaped arrangement of water diversion pipe, (6) Water turbine, (7) Flood control collection pool / drainage pipe, (8) Flood control gate, (9) Ventilation openings / platforms of each step.

[0039] The water flows from the top of the turbine into the water pipe, which is then connected in stepped sections. Each step of the mountain bears the weight of its respective section of the water pipe.

[0040] To coordinate with the height of each section of the water pipe, windows were opened in the river valley rock wall for ventilation, serving as a construction platform and also as an inlet / outlet channel for maintenance and equipment replacement.

[0041] The valley has windows, and the water level is high during the rainy season. Will the river water enter the cave factory through the ventilation windows? Therefore, (1) windows are opened above the safe water level, (2) the ventilation window passage descends with a large slope to the outside and rises higher as it goes in, so that small floods cannot enter, (3) water gates are installed in the ventilation windows to deal with high water levels, (4) a water collection pool is set up in the passage, and a drainage pipe is added to the bottom of the pool to drain water to the lowest height of the factory, and then drained by a drainage pump or gravity pipe.

[0042] As attached Figure 3 In the middle: (2) Water trough type, (3) Left and right water inlet pipes, (4) Pedestrian platform, which can be disassembled, (5) Platform inclined support, (6) Tunnel top crane / track, (7) Crane / lifting device, (8) Platform central column, (9) Sand discharge trough / pipe on one side of the water trough, (10) Tunnel wall steps.

[0043] Tunnel water intake pipe V-water channel: 1: For the same tunnel cross-section, the water channel has a larger water passage cross-section than the water intake pipe. The water pipe method requires leaving a passage width, while the water channel method does not. The water passage cross-sectional area is almost twice that of the water pipe method. During peak power generation, the water level in the water channel is close to the platform, or even above the platform. The water passage area is almost four times that of the water pipe. Using the water channel, the tunnel reduces a lot of engineering work.

[0044] 2: Water pipes are expensive, requiring rust prevention, protection against river sand abrasion to the inner walls, pipe welding, and maintenance / replacement. — Water tanks don't have these problems; the tunnel rock doesn't cause wear or rust.

[0045] 3: Water pipes require a tracked vehicle to be installed on the top of the tunnel. The materials and dimensions of the water pipes will be heavy, and the vehicle itself will also be heavy. The water trough method, even if a vehicle is required, has simple requirements.

[0046] 4. Water pipes in the tunnel are inconvenient for maintenance work, and the platform needs to be easily disassembled and temporarily opened, which is quite troublesome. The water tank is visible, facilitating inspection. Inflatable boats can be used when there is water, and the platform on the tunnel roof is walkable. During the dry season, the tunnel is dry, but vehicles can still drive through.

[0047] 5. Facilitates sand removal: Sand and gravel can damage the turbine, necessitating their separation. The sealed space in the water inlet pipe hinders sand and gravel separation. —The water tank inlet can have a larger opening, resulting in a slower water velocity, which facilitates sand and gravel deposition. Sand and gravel are then discharged outside the tunnel nearby. The inclined washboard at the end is designed to separate the finest sand from the water.

[0048] — A walkway was carved out of the side rock of the tunnel, leading to a pedestrian platform at the top of the tunnel.

[0049] —If a walking passage is excavated on the sidewall of the tunnel, and a overhead crane is added to the tunnel ceiling, could we consider eliminating the need for platforms and pillars, thereby reducing the tunnel cross-section and the amount of work required?

[0050] As attached Figure 4In Figure (1), the tunnel cross-sections are compared. The outer contour is the inlet, with the largest cross-section and the slowest water flow, where sediment is deposited. The middle contour is the middle section, with the longest length. The inner contour is the end water channel, with the smallest cross-section. A sloping washboard road is designed to concentrate fine sand. At the lower left corner of the inner contour is the sand discharge channel of the washboard road, as shown in Figure (4).

[0051] As the cross-section S decreases, the water velocity V increases.

[0052] Figure (2) shows a double inlet. If the inlet is too large, a double inlet can be used. The partition wall between the two inlets leaves an opening that connects the left and right sides. The lower part of the opening is at the same height as the tunnel, and the upper part is higher than the highest designed water level of the tunnel, ensuring that the rubber boat can move left and right. In tunnel engineering, this is called a cross tunnel.

[0053] Figure (3) shows the connecting window between the two inlet openings, a horizontal opening.

[0054] Figure (4) shows the sand drain pipe / water trough at the end of the corrugated road.

[0055] Figure (5) shows the pedestrian passages on both sides at the end of the tunnel, which can replace the pedestrian platform.

[0056] The tunnel further reduces its cross-section in the corrugated road section to accelerate water flow and facilitate sand removal. The upper part is the same as the middle section of the tunnel, while the lower part reduces the height and width of the water channel. The narrowed section serves as a sidewalk passage.

[0057] As attached Figure 5 In the middle: Figure (1) shows the riverbed plane. By utilizing the centrifugal force of the water flow in the bay, the sand and gravel are thrown to the opposite bank by the centrifugal force of the river water in the bay and flow downstream with the river water. The larger and heavier the sand and gravel, the farther it is thrown.

[0058] Figure (2) Washboard sand dam.

[0059] Figure (3) Screenshot of the washboard sand dam. The sand dam platform has sloping washboards. The raised edges are like speed bumps and isolation strips. Compared to going over the washboard isolation strip, it is easier for the sand and gravel to move forward along the washboards. The sand and gravel are washed by the water flow and enter the river channel along the washboards, leaving the inlet.

[0060] Figure (4) shows the water inlet, located after the sediment discharge dam.

[0061] As attached Figure 6 In the case of a straight river with no bay, a bend can be created by adding a protruding artificial dam on the bank. This dam, a vertically protruding wall, creates a bend, blocking water and sand, and throwing large sand and gravel to the opposite bank.

[0062] Figure (1) River channel plan, Figure (2) River inlet screenshot,

[0063] Figure (3) shows a convex dam (vertical outward convex wall), which only needs to form a local water flow bend.

[0064] Figure (4) shows a concave shape on the opposite bank. An artificial convex dam was added to the side of the inlet, which narrowed the river channel. Therefore, a concave shape was dug on the opposite bank to make up for the width of the river channel.

[0065] Figure (5) shows a high step at the water inlet. Sand and gravel need to climb the high step to enter the tunnel. The larger the sand and gravel, the more difficult it is to climb the high step and enter the tunnel.

[0066] Figure (6) shows a side view of a half-sluice gate for sand control. The half-sluice gate is used to limit the amount of water entering the gate and block sand and gravel. During the rainy season, the flood level is high, so raising the water level at the inlet is equivalent to raising the threshold for sand and gravel to enter the gate.

[0067] Figure (7) Front view of the sand-blocking half-sluice gate, showing a common gate lifting structure.

[0068] The intake features a semi-sluice gate and a high-step design. During the rainy season, the water level at the intake will rise, and the water flow needs to be limited. Moreover, at this time, the river water has a high sand content, so it is necessary to prevent sand and gravel from entering. The lower half of the semi-sluice gate raises the height of the intake, controls the flow, and incidentally intercepts sand and gravel from the bottom of the water outside the intake tunnel.

[0069] A semi-sluice gate resembles the door of a duck shed. Since domesticated ducks are too fat to fly, a door about half a person's height is sufficient. A semi-sluice gate uses tracks on both sides, with a high step outside the opening. If it is perpendicular to the wall, the step is relatively high, such as 2 meters. This allows for adjustment of the semi-sluice gate's height to select the appropriate water inflow.

[0070] The large gravel makes it difficult enough to climb over the half-sluice gate, let alone get over the high steps.

[0071] As attached Figure 7 In the middle: Figure A: Side view, Figure B: Top view.

[0072] Figure (1) shows the inlet section, where the cross-section is the largest and the flow rate V is the smallest, which is conducive to the deposition of sand and gravel. Therefore, the inlet section is the sand accumulation section. It is a series of steps from low to high, with sand accumulation pits all the way. The water flow is slow, and the sand and gravel have nowhere to get support. Climbing the steps is too high and too tiring to pass through. They fall into the sand accumulation pits along the way, rest for a few months, and then drain back into the river channel.

[0073] The middle section of Figure (2) is the longest and simplest, and the shortest in the figure.

[0074] Figure (3) shows the inclined washboard road at the end, which separates the fine sand from the bottom of the water. 1% of the sand discharge water flows from the sand discharge trough to the sand discharge pipe and into the river water, bypassing the water turbine.

[0075] Figure (4) shows the sand accumulation pit in the water intake section.

[0076] Figure (5) shows the side chamber of the inlet section, which can store accumulated sand and is also the location of the sand discharge pump.

[0077] Figure (6) shows the sand discharge trough / pipe at the end of the washboard road. At the outlet section of the sand discharge trough, a sand discharge water pipe is arranged. The sand discharge trough leaves an opening at the end to connect the pipe. The sand discharge water flow rate is adjusted according to the sand content.

[0078] Figure (7) shows the water intake pipe. Figure (8) shows the water turbine. Figure (9) shows the connecting pipe between the water intake pipes.

[0079] Figure (10) Water tank diversion gate.

[0080] Figure (11) Sloping fence, at the end of the washboard road → set up a sloping fence to intercept people who fall into the water, rubber boats, etc. The sloping fence is also a ladder so that people who fall into the water can climb up.

[0081] A fence is installed at the end of the water tank (to prevent people from falling into the water) → several small water tanks are divided, and a water gate is installed in each water tank → water bucket (with a screen) → water inlet pipe → water turbine, and the water inlet pipes are connected to each other.

[0082] The screen on the water hopper is to intercept some trash, such as mineral water bottles and plastic bags.

[0083] While cleaning the garbage through the water hopper screen, the water turbine can continue to generate electricity. Water from the adjacent water pipe can be borrowed through the connecting pipe to continue generating electricity. Garbage may need to be cleaned frequently, so we can't let such a small thing cause frequent water and power outages.

[0084] As attached Figure 8 In the middle section, the volume of the sand accumulation pit needs to be large enough to hold the amount of sand and gravel for one season. If the sand and gravel are full during the power generation season, there are ways to deal with it, such as using a rubber boat to carry a water pump to pump the sand and discharge it into the original river channel.

[0085] Fixed sand pump scheme: Submersible pumps can be used for sand pumping. If the sand pump needs to be placed on the water surface, it is also possible: 1. Buoyancy platform: A side chamber is opened at the water inlet. The sand pump is dedicated to this platform and is fixed to a steel plate welded buoyancy platform. Rubber hoses are used for the inlet and outlet pipes. In coordination with the rise and fall of the lifting platform, several ropes are used to fix the float box to the tunnel wall. As for the height, depending on different water levels, there are 2 or 3 rope heights to choose from in the tunnel. 2. Fixed platform: A side chamber is opened at the water inlet. The height of the side chamber is based on the maximum flood level. A fixed platform is set up to install the fixed sand pump.

[0086] Views of the buoyancy platform for the sand pump: Figure A: Top view of the buoyancy platform; Figure B: Side view of the buoyancy platform.

[0087] C: Floating platform height change diagram. The height of the buoyancy platform changes with the water level. With two ropes for tethering, the platform height adjustment range can easily exceed 10m, which is sufficient for changes in river water level.

[0088] (1) Floating platform, (2) Sand pump, (3) Inlet pipe, (4) Drain pipe, (5) Platform gap, for the inlet pipe, for easy fixing. (6) Platform outer buoy, which helps stabilize the platform and increases the lever arm to prevent capsizing. (7) Rope, (8) Rope mooring point on the tunnel wall, (9) Column, which can be set up in the side chamber and the rope is fixed to the column.

[0089] As attached Figure 9 Image A: Screen, water inlet pipe, funnel cutaway, hexagonal filter screen.

[0090] Figure B: Top view of the screen. Figure C: Hexagonal inner filter screen.

[0091] Figure (1) Lifting device: The highest point of the screen is the central ring, which is connected to the overhead crane hook. Alternatively, a dedicated hook can be provided for the screen, which is used to continuously lift the screen, ensuring safety even when personnel are working. It is sturdy enough.

[0092] Figure (2): At the top of the screen, multiple radial steel bars extend from the central ring along the radial direction to provide support. They droop slightly like the suspension cables of a suspension bridge to the bottom circle of the screen.

[0093] The arc-shaped tangent in Figure (3) is the upper layer of steel mesh on the screen.

[0094] Figure (4) Hexagonal filter screen. Inside the water hopper, below the screen, outside the inlet pipe.

[0095] The hexagonal filter screen intercepts small but heavy foreign objects, such as bolts that may fall in during maintenance. These objects may sink to the bottom of the water tank and remain outside the hexagonal filter screen due to gravity, and can be found and cleaned the next time the screen is opened.

[0096] Figure (5) shows a top view of the hexagonal filter screen with a slot design, consisting of 12 pieces at 6 corners for easy assembly and disassembly.

[0097] Below the sieve, a hexagonal filter intercepts foreign objects. For easy disassembly, it uses a plate / slot design. The hexagon has 12 sides and uses 12 plates. The height of the plate slots is almost the same as the sieve, making it impossible for the plates to detach due to lack of upward space.

[0098] The inner screen under the water funnel has a hexagonal star design; it should be noted that this shape is to increase the water flow area.

[0099] The tunnel's water-channel design not only allows for a large water flow but also facilitates staff inspections by rubber boat, as well as passenger and vehicle access during the dry season.

[0100] Figure (6) Water inlet. Figure (7) Pedestrian safety railing at the edge of the water tank.

[0101] This invention compares water-frying and water storage methods under the condition of satisfying the water-frying requirement in the Three Parallel Rivers section:

[0102] (1) The amount of work involved in water diversion and dam construction will be much smaller, while the amount of work involved in tunnel construction will be much larger.

[0103] (2) Comparison of head difference: For a reservoir-type hydropower station, the dam is 10m high, but the usable head may only be 5m. For a river-type hydropower station, which utilizes the natural head difference, the height difference between the two rivers may be 200m or 300m, requiring only one tunnel.

[0104] For hydroelectric power generation, the drop depends on the dam height, while for flood control, the dam is built using the mountains between the two rivers. The size of the drop is not directly related to the scale of the project; it mainly depends on the natural elevation difference between the two rivers.

[0105] (3) Utilizing the natural drop, there is no need to build a dam, which takes up less land, has less environmental impact, and requires fewer immigrants.

[0106] (4) Storage capacity / flood control capacity: Water storage reservoirs only have a buffer function for flood control, and there is dead storage capacity that cannot be used. Water storage does not require storage capacity, the dead storage capacity is 0, and water storage is equivalent to an infinite storage capacity.

[0107] The goal is to minimize water storage and dam construction, and instead utilize the natural drop in elevation of adjacent rivers to generate electricity.

[0108] When flood control is needed, the adjacent river is used as a reservoir to resist floods.

[0109] (5) Flood control response speed: The Three Gorges is a water storage reservoir. The flood control method is to free up the reservoir capacity in advance, from the maximum capacity to the minimum capacity, which takes about 3 to 7 days.

[0110] (6) Resistance to damage: The Three Gorges gravity dam is more than 100 meters wide at the bottom. The dam is built on mountains. The width of the mountains between the Jinsha River and the Lancang River is at least 66 km, which is definitely stronger than the Three Gorges.

[0111] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A flood control and protection method for hydropower generation in the Three Parallel Rivers region, including horizontal tunnels, water diversion pipe step arrangement, ventilation windows, comparison of water pipe V-channel in the hydropower tunnel, tunnel cross-section changes, centrifugal sand discharge in the river channel, sand discharge in the straight river channel, setting of sand-blocking semi-sluice gate, comparison of tunnel segmentation, setting of sand discharge pump-floating platform at the inlet, water diversion pipe funnel, screen, and hexagonal filter screen; This method for flood control and protection during hydropower generation in the Three Parallel Rivers region includes the following steps: Step 1: Horizontal tunnel, water diversion pipe stepped layout, ventilation windows: The water trough reaches the top of the water turbine before entering the water diversion pipe through the water bucket. The water diversion pipe is connected in stepped sections. Each step of the mountain bears the weight of each section of the water diversion pipe equally. In accordance with the height of each section of the water diversion pipe, windows are opened in the valley rock wall for ventilation. This serves as a construction platform and also as an entrance and exit channel for maintenance and equipment replacement. Step 2, Comparison of water pipe and water trough in water tunnel: For the same tunnel cross-section, the cross-sectional area of ​​the water trough is larger than that of the water pipe. The water pipe method requires leaving a passage width, while the water trough method does not. The cross-sectional area of ​​the water trough is almost twice that of the water pipe method. During the peak power generation period, the water level of the water trough is close to the platform, or even above the platform. The cross-sectional area of ​​the water trough is almost four times that of the water pipe. Using the water trough, the amount of engineering work in the tunnel is greatly reduced. Step 3, Tunnel cross-section changes: The outer contour is the water inlet, with the largest cross-section and the slowest water flow, where sediment is deposited. The middle contour is the middle section, with the longest length, and the inner contour is the end water channel, with the smallest cross-section. An inclined washboard road is set up to concentrate fine sand. At the lower left corner of the inner contour is the sand discharge channel of the washboard road. Step 4, Centrifugal Sand Discharge in the River Channel: Utilizing the centrifugal force of the water flow in the bay, using sloping sand-discharge dams and sand-discharge barriers, sand and gravel are thrown to the opposite bank by the centrifugal force of the river water in the bay and flow downstream with the river. The larger and heavier the sand and gravel, the farther they are thrown. Step 5, setting up a sand-blocking half-sluice gate for straight river channels: If there is no bay, a bend can be created. On the bank of a straight river channel, add a section of protruding artificial dam, which is a vertical protruding wall, to create a bend, block water and flying sand, and throw large sand and gravel to the opposite bank. During the rainy season, the water level at the inlet will rise, and the water inflow needs to be limited. Moreover, at this time, the sand content of the river water is high, so it is necessary to prevent sand and gravel from entering. Use the lower half of the half-sluice gate to raise the height of the inlet, control the flow, and incidentally intercept the sand and gravel at the bottom of the water outside the inlet. Step 6, comparison of tunnel sections: The water-passing cross section is the largest, and the water flow V is the smallest, which is conducive to the deposition of sand and gravel. Therefore, the water intake section is the sand accumulation section. It is a series of steps from low to high, with sand accumulation pits all the way. The water flow is slow, and the sand and gravel have nowhere to get support. Climbing the steps is too high and too tiring to pass through. They fall into the sand accumulation pits along the way, rest for a few months, and then drain back into the river channel. Step 7, Setting up the inlet sand pump-floating platform: The volume of the sand accumulation pit in the inlet section needs to be large enough to hold the amount of sand and gravel for one season. If the sand and gravel are full during the power generation season, there are ways to do so, such as using a rubber boat to carry a water pump to pump the sand and discharge it into the original river channel. Step 8: Setting up the water inlet pipe funnel, screen, and hexagonal filter: The highest point of the screen is the central ring, which is connected to the overhead crane hook, or a dedicated hook is provided for the screen. The screen is always pulled up, so it's safe to use even when personnel are working on it. The hexagonal filter intercepts small but heavy foreign objects, such as bolts that may fall in during maintenance. These objects sink to the bottom of the water tank and remain outside the hexagonal filter due to gravity, and can be found and cleaned when the screen is opened again. Below the screen, the hexagonal filter intercepts foreign objects and is designed with a plate / slot for easy disassembly.

2. The flood control and protection method for hydropower generation in the Three Parallel Rivers region according to claim 1, characterized in that... The sand removal methods include centrifugal sand removal in river channels, tunnel inlets, flow-limiting and sand-blocking semi-sluice gates / high steps, increasing the size of the tunnel inlet section to slow down the water flow, depositing sand and gravel, and using a washboard design at the end to concentrate sand and gravel.

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