Transition state hydrogen supply system with high response and high precision

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aero-engine ground tests, and provides a high-response and high-precision transition state hydrogen supply system which comprises a nitrogen gas source system for control, a hydrogen and nitrogen dual supply gas source, a hydrogen supply pressure adjusting system and a transition state multi-branch precise and rapid supply pipeline. The hydrogen supply pressure adjusting system adopts a cascade pressure stabilizing structure consisting of a main adjusting quick response explosion-proof valve, a pressure stabilizing volume and an auxiliary adjusting quick response explosion-proof valve, and outputs low-overshoot and high-response constant hydrogen supply pressure; the multi-branch supply pipeline comprises n hydrogen supply branches, each branch is composed of a high-pressure quick response pneumatic valve driven by nitrogen, a throttling orifice and an adjustable filling volume, the maximum steady-state flow is set through the throttling orifice, the hydrogen supply growth time is set through the filling volume, and independent control over the temperature rise rate and amplitude is achieved. The system is fast in response, high in precision, intrinsically safe and suitable for ground simulation tests of aero-engine temperature distortion working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aero-engine ground test technology and relates to a high-response, high-precision, and safe transitional hydrogen supply system for a temperature distortion generator. The system is suitable for simulating the temperature distortion environment caused by the intake of high-temperature gas from the engine inlet under conditions such as dense formation flight, steam catapult, mountain fire fighting, and short takeoff. Background Technology

[0002] During the research and development and verification of aero engines, it is necessary to evaluate their stability under inlet temperature distortion conditions. Such distortion is often caused by the intake of high-temperature exhaust gases during close formation flight of aircraft, steam catapult launch of aircraft carriers, firefighting operations in mountainous areas, or short takeoffs. In severe cases, it can lead to compressor stall, surge, or even engine shutdown or thermal stress damage.

[0003] To reproduce the above operating conditions, a ground simulation using a built-in combustion-type temperature distortion generator is typically employed. This device rapidly generates a high-temperature gas flow with specific temperature rise amplitude, rate of temperature rise, and spatial distribution by arranging burners within the process inlet. Hydrogen is widely used as the fuel for temperature distortion burners due to its high calorific value, wide stable combustion range, fast flame propagation speed, and clean combustion products.

[0004] However, hydrogen-based hydrogen supply systems face two major challenges:

[0005] (1) The transition state hydrogen supply needs to have both high response and high precision. The growth rate and steady-state flow rate of hydrogen supply must be precisely controlled in order to accurately reproduce the target temperature rise and temperature rise rate characteristics. (2) Hydrogen is flammable and explosive, posing a very high safety risk. System debugging and operation must avoid potential hazards such as electric sparks and leakage accumulation to ensure inherent safety.

[0006] Existing hydrogen supply systems mostly use electric proportional valves or single-stage pressure reducing structures, which have problems such as slow response (>100 ms), strong coupling between temperature rise rate and flow rate, and high risk of ignition of electronic control components, making it difficult to meet the test requirements of high dynamics, high safety, and multiple scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the problems of slow hydrogen supply response, low control precision, poor safety, and inability to independently adjust the temperature rise rate and amplitude in existing technologies, and to achieve millisecond-level rapid response to hydrogen supply to the temperature distortion generator, ±0.5% pressure stability, decoupled control of temperature rise parameters, and overall system safety, this invention discloses a high-response, high-precision transient state hydrogen supply system.

[0008] Specifically, the transition state hydrogen supply system includes a nitrogen gas source system for control, a dual supply source of hydrogen and nitrogen, a hydrogen supply pressure regulation system, and a transition state multi-branch precise and rapid supply pipeline.

[0009] The hydrogen supply pressure regulation system includes a main regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve, a pressure stabilizing volume, and a secondary regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve. The outlet of the main regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve is connected to the inlet of the pressure stabilizing volume, and the outlet of the pressure stabilizing volume is connected to the inlet of the secondary regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve. The transitional multi-branch precision rapid supply pipeline includes n hydrogen supply branches. The fluid channel of each hydrogen supply branch includes, in sequence, a manual isolation valve, a nitrogen-driven high-pressure rapid response pneumatic valve, a throttling orifice plate, a filling volume, and a hydrogen supply outlet. The high-pressure rapid response pneumatic valve is connected to the control nitrogen gas source system. The orifice plate has a fixed flow cross-sectional area for setting the maximum steady-state hydrogen supply flow rate of the branch. The volume of the filling volume is adjustable for setting the time required for hydrogen to rise from zero flow rate to the maximum steady-state hydrogen supply flow rate. The two work together to achieve independent control of the transition state hydrogen supply growth rate and amplitude.

[0010] Furthermore, the main regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve, the pressure stabilizing volume, and the secondary regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve are arranged sequentially along the gas flow direction to form a cascade pressure regulation path of main valve-buffer volume-secondary valve, which is used to accurately and quickly supply the transition state multi-branch pipeline with a constant hydrogen supply pressure with low overshoot and high response.

[0011] Furthermore, both the main regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve and the auxiliary regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve are pneumatically driven normally closed switching valves, with a pilot driving gas source provided by the control nitrogen gas source system. Their response time from receiving the opening signal to the fully open state does not exceed 50ms.

[0012] Furthermore, during the process of establishing the set pressure, the pressure overshoot of the hydrogen supply pressure regulation system does not exceed 1%, and the steady-state pressure fluctuation range does not exceed ±0.5% of the set value.

[0013] Furthermore, the hydrogen supply pressure regulation system also includes a high-precision, high-response flow meter and a temperature sensor disposed between the main regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve and the pressure stabilizing volume, as well as a one-way valve, a vent valve, and a first safety valve disposed on the outlet side of the secondary regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve; the high-precision, high-response flow meter monitors the hydrogen supply flow rate in real time, the temperature sensor monitors the gas temperature, the one-way valve prevents gas backflow, the vent valve performs emergency pressure relief, and the first safety valve provides overpressure protection.

[0014] Furthermore, each of the hydrogen supply branches also includes a first pressure sensor disposed between the orifice plate and the filling volume for real-time monitoring of the hydrogen supply pressure of the branch.

[0015] Furthermore, the orifice plate is a replaceable component, and the maximum steady-state hydrogen supply flow rate of the corresponding hydrogen supply branch can be set by replacing orifice plates with different orifice diameters. The size of the filling volume is adjusted by a mechanical adjustment mechanism or modular volume unit, so that the hydrogen supply flow rate of the corresponding hydrogen supply branch increases from zero to the maximum flow rate; wherein, the maximum steady-state hydrogen supply flow rate is determined by the orifice diameter of the throttling orifice plate, and the hydrogen supply growth rate is determined by the volume of the filling volume.

[0016] Furthermore, the n hydrogen supply branches of the transition state multi-branch precision rapid supply pipeline are configured with independent control opening sequence, and the time deviation between any two hydrogen supply branches opening synchronously does not exceed 40ms, so as to simulate the transition state condition of multi-sector non-uniform temperature distortion in the combustion chamber of an aero-engine.

[0017] Furthermore, the nitrogen gas source system for control includes a nitrogen storage tank, a first filter, a first pressure reducing valve, a second pressure reducing valve, and a main nitrogen supply valve; after being reduced by the first pressure reducing valve, the nitrogen serves as the pilot drive gas source for all pneumatic valves, and after being reduced by the second pressure reducing valve, it serves as the purging and inerting gas source for purging the hydrogen supply branch and inerting the system, so as to simulate the temperature distortion of different transition state scenarios at the inlet of the aero-engine.

[0018] Furthermore, the dual hydrogen and nitrogen supply source includes a commissioning nitrogen interface, a test hydrogen interface, a first manual valve, and a sixth manual valve. The commissioning nitrogen interface is connected to the hydrogen supply pressure regulation system via the first manual valve, and the test hydrogen interface is connected to the hydrogen supply pressure regulation system via the sixth manual valve. By controlling the opening of the first or sixth manual valve, a safe switch between the commissioning and testing phases is achieved. This invention discloses a high-response, high-precision transitional hydrogen supply system.

[0019] Based on the design concept of "safety drive + cascade voltage regulation + decoupling control", this invention proposes a high-response, high-precision transition state hydrogen supply system: On the one hand, nitrogen-driven pneumatic valves are used to replace electronic control components, eliminating the risk of electrical sparks at the source; On the other hand, a cascade pressure stabilization structure of "main regulating explosion-proof valve - pressure stabilizing volume - secondary regulating explosion-proof valve" is constructed to balance rapid response and pressure stability. Thirdly, a combination of "throttling orifice plate and adjustable filling volume" is introduced into each hydrogen supply branch to decouple the maximum flow rate (amplitude) of hydrogen supply from the growth time (rate), thereby achieving independent and precise control of temperature rise characteristics.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects that the present invention can achieve include at least the following: 1. The entire system has no electric actuators, and all fast valves are driven by inert nitrogen, completely avoiding the risk of combustion and explosion caused by electrical components in a hydrogen environment; it also supports nitrogen / hydrogen dual-mode switching, and nitrogen is used throughout the commissioning phase to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment.

[0021] 2. The response time of the pneumatic valve is ≤40ms. The cascade pressure regulation structure makes the pressure overshoot ≤1% and the steady-state fluctuation ≤±0.5%, which is far superior to the traditional single-stage pressure reducing or proportional valve system (typically response >100ms, overshoot >5%), meeting the requirements of millisecond-level temperature rise simulation.

[0022] 3. By changing the orifice plate to set the maximum hydrogen supply flow rate (corresponding to the temperature rise amplitude), and by adjusting the filling volume to set the hydrogen supply rise time of 0.01 to 5 seconds (corresponding to the temperature rise rate), the two do not affect each other, and can flexibly reproduce a wide range of temperature distortion conditions. However, due to the strong coupling between flow rate and rate, the existing system is difficult to achieve such accurate simulation.

[0023] 4. n hydrogen supply branches (e.g., n=6) can be independently programmed and synchronously activated with a deviation of ≤40ms. This can realistically reproduce the non-uniform high-temperature air intake in space under scenarios such as dense formation flight and short takeoff, providing a high-fidelity test environment for engine stability assessment.

[0024] 5. The system has a high degree of integration and strong reliability. The nitrogen gas source system for control provides both pilot gas and purging inerting gas, sharing the same storage tank and pipelines, reducing the number of valves by about 30% and lowering leakage points and failure rates. Combined with multiple safety protections (safety valves, vent valves, check valves, and real-time monitoring), it forms a closed-loop safety assurance system. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is an architectural diagram of the high-response, high-precision transition state hydrogen supply system of the present invention; The system includes: 1. Control nitrogen supply system; 11. Nitrogen storage tank; 12. First pressure sensor; 13. Third manual valve; 14. First filter; 15. First pressure reducing valve; 16. Second pressure sensor; 17. Second safety valve; 18. Fourth manual valve; 19. Second pressure reducing valve; 110. Sixth pressure sensor; 111. Third safety valve; 112. Fifth manual valve; 113. Main nitrogen supply valve. 2. Dual supply of hydrogen and nitrogen; 21. Debugging nitrogen interface; 22. Third pressure sensor; 23. Sixth manual valve; 24. Test hydrogen interface; 25. Fourth pressure sensor; 26. First manual valve; 27. Seventh manual valve; 28. Main hydrogen supply valve; 29. ​​Seventh pressure sensor; 3. Hydrogen supply pressure regulation system; 31. Second filter; 32. Main regulating fast response explosion-proof valve; 33. Fifth pressure sensor; 34. Temperature sensor; 35. Flow meter; 36. Check valve; 37. Vent valve; 38. First safety valve; 39. Pressure stabilizing volume; 310. Secondary regulating fast response explosion-proof valve; 4. Transitional multi-branch precise and rapid supply pipeline; 41. Manual isolation valve; 42. High-pressure fast-response pneumatic valve; 43. Orifice plate; 44. Pressure sensor; 45. Filling volume; 46. Hydrogen supply outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. This application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this application. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features of the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] To address the challenges of precise control over the transitional temperature rise, rate of temperature rise, temperature rise range, and intensity of temperature distortion in temperature-distorted hydrogen generators, and to ensure hydrogen safety, this invention discloses a high-response, high-precision transitional hydrogen supply system. This system is designed based on the concept of "safety drive + cascade voltage regulation + decoupled control." Specifically, a nitrogen-driven pneumatic valve replaces electronic control components, eliminating the risk of electrical sparks at the source. A cascade voltage regulation structure of "main regulating explosion-proof valve – stabilizing volume – secondary regulating explosion-proof valve" is constructed, balancing rapid response and pressure stability. A combination of "throttling orifice plate and adjustable filling volume" is introduced into each hydrogen supply branch to decouple the maximum flow rate (amplitude) and growth time (rate) of the supplied hydrogen, achieving independent and precise control of the temperature rise characteristics.

[0030] Specifically, such as Figure 1As shown, the transition state hydrogen supply system includes a control nitrogen gas source system 1, a dual supply gas source for hydrogen and nitrogen 2, a hydrogen supply pressure regulation system 3, and a transition state multi-branch precise and rapid supply pipeline 4.

[0031] The hydrogen supply pressure regulating system 3 includes a main regulating fast response explosion-proof valve 32, a pressure stabilizing volume 39, and a secondary regulating fast response explosion-proof valve 310. The outlet of the main regulating fast response explosion-proof valve 32 is connected to the inlet of the pressure stabilizing volume 39, and the outlet of the pressure stabilizing volume 39 is connected to the inlet of the secondary regulating fast response explosion-proof valve 310. The transitional multi-branch precision rapid supply pipeline 4 includes n hydrogen supply branches. The fluid channel of each hydrogen supply branch includes, in sequence, a manual isolation valve 41, a nitrogen-driven high-pressure rapid response pneumatic valve 42, a throttling orifice plate 43, a filling volume 45, and a hydrogen supply outlet 46. The high-pressure rapid response pneumatic valve 42 is connected to the control nitrogen gas source system 1. The orifice plate 43 has a fixed flow cross-sectional area for setting the maximum steady-state hydrogen supply flow rate of the branch. The volume of the filling volume 45 is adjustable for setting the time required for hydrogen to rise from zero flow rate to the maximum steady-state hydrogen supply flow rate. The two work together to achieve independent control of the transition state hydrogen supply growth rate and amplitude.

[0032] The gas supply system of this invention provides independent or synchronous hydrogen supply through n (e.g., 6) hydrogen supply branches, covering a wide range of applications. The system can precisely adjust the hydrogen supply growth rate during the transition phase and accurately control the hydrogen flow rate. It utilizes nitrogen for system debugging and purging, and hydrogen for formal testing, ensuring high safety and low debugging costs. This system meets the requirements for rapid supply and precise control of the temperature distortion generator during the transition phase, as well as safe operation.

[0033] In one embodiment of the nitrogen gas source system 1 for control, such as Figure 1 As shown, the nitrogen gas supply system 1 for control serves as the pilot aerodynamic gas source for the high-pressure fast-response pneumatic valves, efficiently controlling the opening and closing of the pneumatic valves and avoiding the safety impact of sparks generated by solenoid valves on hydrogen use. It mainly includes a nitrogen storage tank 11, a first filter 14, a first pressure reducing valve 15, a second pressure reducing valve 19, and a main nitrogen supply valve 113. Nitrogen, after being reduced in pressure by the first pressure reducing valve 15, serves as the pilot drive gas source for all pneumatic valves. After being reduced in pressure by the second pressure reducing valve 19, it serves as the purging and inerting gas source for purging the hydrogen supply branch and inerting the system, simulating temperature distortion in different transitional scenarios at the aero-engine inlet. Furthermore, as... Figure 1 As shown, it also includes a first pressure sensor 12, a third manual valve 13, a second pressure sensor 16, a second safety valve 17, a fourth manual valve 18, a sixth pressure sensor 110, a third safety valve 111, and a fifth manual valve 112.

[0034] More specifically, the control nitrogen supply system 1 serves two purposes: firstly, as the pilot pneumatic power source for the high-pressure fast-response pneumatic valves, and secondly, as the control gas for purging the pipeline to prevent an explosion caused by the mixing of oxygen and hydrogen. In the control nitrogen supply system 1, the nitrogen in the nitrogen storage tank 11 is divided into two streams after passing through the third manual valve 13 and the first filter 14. The first stream of nitrogen is supplied to the high-pressure fast-response pneumatic valves 42 and the vent valve 37 by the first pressure reducing valve 15 to reduce the nitrogen pressure to 5.0–5.5 MPa. The main nitrogen supply valve 113 and the main hydrogen supply valve 28 serve as the pilot gas source for the high-pressure pneumatic valves. A second safety valve 17 is installed on the pilot gas supply pipeline to quickly vent the nitrogen in the pipeline in case of an abnormality, ensuring experimental safety. The second stream of nitrogen is then purged through the fourth manual valve 18 and the second pressure reducing valve 19. After the pressure is reduced to 2-5 MPa, clean nitrogen is supplied to the main pipeline through the fifth manual valve 112 and the main pipeline nitrogen supply valve 113 to purge the main pipeline, emptying the air and nitrogen in the main pipeline to ensure test safety. A third safety valve 111 is installed on the purging nitrogen pipeline, which can quickly release the nitrogen in the pipeline when there is an abnormality in the purging nitrogen pipeline to ensure test safety. The first pressure sensor 12 monitors, records and alarms the outlet pressure of the nitrogen storage tank 11, the second pressure sensor 16 monitors, records and alarms the pilot gas pipeline pressure, and the second pressure sensor 16 monitors, records and alarms the purging nitrogen pipeline pressure.

[0035] By combining the pilot pneumatic power source for the high-pressure fast-response pneumatic valve and the purging nitrogen source for the hydrogen supply pipeline into a single nitrogen source system 1, the number of valves and system size are reduced, resulting in high control precision and safe operation.

[0036] In one embodiment of the dual-supply gas source 2, such as Figure 1 As shown, the dual-supply gas source 2 for hydrogen and nitrogen provides gas through both nitrogen and hydrogen sources. During static commissioning, a commissioning nitrogen source is used to debug the transitional hydrogen supply and precise control system, avoiding safety issues and increased commissioning costs associated with using hydrogen for static commissioning. Furthermore, using nitrogen for commissioning allows for the purging of air from the pipeline, improving the safety of hydrogen use. It mainly includes a commissioning nitrogen interface 21, a test hydrogen interface 24, a first manual valve 26, and a sixth manual valve 23. The commissioning nitrogen interface 21 is connected to the hydrogen supply pressure regulation system 3 via the first manual valve 26, and the test hydrogen interface 24 is connected to the hydrogen supply pressure regulation system 3 via the sixth manual valve 23. By controlling the opening of the first manual valve 26 or the sixth manual valve 23, a safe switch between the commissioning and testing phases is achieved. In addition, it includes a third pressure sensor 22, a sixth manual valve 23, a fourth pressure sensor 25, and a seventh manual valve 27.

[0037] In practice, nitrogen is used as the commissioning nitrogen source before hydrogen is used for hydrogen supply system commissioning. This avoids safety issues associated with using hydrogen for commissioning and also avoids increasing commissioning costs. Nitrogen from the commissioning nitrogen source is supplied to the hydrogen supply pressure regulating system 3 via the sixth manual valve 23 and the main hydrogen supply valve 28, replacing hydrogen for system commissioning. During formal testing, hydrogen is supplied to the hydrogen supply pressure regulating system 3 via the first manual valve 26 and the main hydrogen supply valve 28. The seventh manual valve 27 can vent residual nitrogen and hydrogen in the pipeline during commissioning and testing, ensuring test safety. The third pressure sensor 22 monitors, records, and alarms the pressure of the commissioning nitrogen source; the fourth pressure sensor 25 monitors, records, and alarms the pressure of the hydrogen source; and the seventh pressure sensor 29 monitors the nitrogen or hydrogen supplied to the hydrogen supply pressure regulating system 3, ensuring test safety.

[0038] In one embodiment of the hydrogen supply pressure regulation system 3, the hydrogen supply pressure regulation system 3 adopts a parallel main and auxiliary high-precision pressure regulation scheme. The main hydrogen supply system performs main regulation, and the auxiliary hydrogen supply system performs temperature and pressure fine regulation. It accurately controls the supply pressure of the multi-branch precise and rapid supply pipeline 4 in the transition state, so as to achieve high-precision, high-response rate, and low overshoot hydrogen supply in the transition state. The hydrogen supply pressure regulation realizes the precise adjustment of the hydrogen supply flow rate, and the temperature rise is precisely controlled by the hydrogen supply flow rate.

[0039] By arranging the main regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve 32, the pressure stabilizing volume 39, and the secondary regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve 310 sequentially along the gas flow direction, a cascade pressure regulation path of main valve-buffer volume-secondary valve is formed, which is used to output a constant hydrogen supply pressure with low overshoot and high response to the transition state multi-branch precise and rapid supply pipeline 4.

[0040] Furthermore, both the main regulating fast response explosion-proof valve 32 and the secondary regulating fast response explosion-proof valve 310 are pneumatically driven normally closed switching valves, with a pilot driving gas source provided by the control nitrogen gas source system 1, and their response time from receiving the opening signal to the fully open state does not exceed 50ms.

[0041] Furthermore, during the process of establishing the set pressure, the pressure overshoot of the hydrogen supply pressure regulation system 3 does not exceed 1%, and the steady-state pressure fluctuation range does not exceed ±0.5% of the set value.

[0042] Furthermore, such as Figure 1As shown, the hydrogen supply pressure regulation system 3 also includes a high-precision, high-response flow meter 35 and a temperature sensor 34 disposed between the main regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve 32 and the pressure stabilizing volume 39, as well as a one-way valve 36, a vent valve 37, and a first safety valve 38 disposed on the outlet side of the secondary regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve 310; the high-precision, high-response flow meter 35 monitors the hydrogen supply flow in real time, the temperature sensor 34 monitors the gas temperature, the one-way valve 36 prevents gas backflow, the vent valve 37 can manually vent the hydrogen and nitrogen in the pipeline for emergency pressure relief in case of system abnormality, and the first safety valve 38 provides overpressure protection.

[0043] In specific implementation, nitrogen and hydrogen supplied by the dual-supply gas source 2 pass through the second filter 31 and the main regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve 32 into the main hydrogen supply system. The main regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve 32 can quickly regulate the pressure of hydrogen or nitrogen in the main gas line, ensuring stable pressure supplied by the hydrogen supply pressure regulation system 3 to the transition state multi-branch precise and rapid supply pipeline 4. By adjusting the hydrogen supply pressure, the hydrogen supply flow rate is precisely adjusted. Temperature sensors 34 are installed on the main hydrogen supply system pipeline to monitor the temperature. When the temperature rises abnormally, the nitrogen and hydrogen in the pipeline can be quickly vented through the first safety valve 38. The hydrogen supply system uses a high-precision, high-response flow meter 35 to measure the hydrogen supply flow rate growth rate and the hydrogen supply flow rate. A one-way valve 36 prevents hydrogen and air from flowing back into the main pipeline, causing safety issues. When the main hydrogen supply system malfunctions, nitrogen and hydrogen in the pipeline can be manually and quickly vented via a vent valve 37. The pressure stabilizing volume 39 and the secondary regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve 310 are connected to the main hydrogen supply system. A fifth pressure sensor 33 is installed at the connection point. By reading the data from the fifth pressure sensor 33, the pressure of the main hydrogen supply system is finely adjusted in conjunction with the main regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve 32 to ensure the stability of the main pipeline pressure during transition states. The main regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve 32 and the secondary regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve 310 are explosion-proof, and their electrical signals will not affect the hydrogen in the pipeline. The hydrogen supply pressure regulating system 3 reduces the pressure of the dual hydrogen and nitrogen supply sources 2 and then supplies the nitrogen and hydrogen at stable pressure to the transition state multi-branch precise and rapid supply pipeline 4 to ensure the stability of the hydrogen supply flow rate. The hydrogen supply pressure regulation system 3 adopts a parallel main and auxiliary high-precision pressure regulation scheme (main regulation fast-response explosion-proof valve 32 and pressure stabilizing volume 39). When the transitional multi-branch precision rapid supply pipeline 4 requires a large flow of hydrogen, the main regulation pipeline can quickly adjust the opening through the main regulation fast-response explosion-proof valve 32 to ensure the pressure stability of the hydrogen supply pressure regulation system 3. The auxiliary regulation pipeline cooperates with the main regulation pipeline to regulate the pressure, improving the control accuracy and stability of the main pipeline. The pressure stabilizing volume 39 stores a certain volume of hydrogen. When the transitional multi-branch precision rapid supply pipeline 4 requires a large flow of hydrogen, and the response rate of the main regulation pipeline through the main regulation fast-response explosion-proof valve 32 is lagging, the hydrogen filled in the pressure stabilizing volume 39 can be quickly replenished to the main regulation pipeline, reducing the overshoot of the system. At the same time, the auxiliary regulation fast-response explosion-proof valve 310 can cooperate to regulate the pressure of the hydrogen supply pressure regulation system 3, improving the pressure regulation accuracy and response rate. Through the parallel main and auxiliary high-precision pressure regulation scheme, high-precision, high-response rate, and low-overshoot transitional hydrogen supply can be achieved.

[0044] In one embodiment of the transitional multi-branch precision rapid supply pipeline 4, such as Figure 1As shown, each of the hydrogen supply branches also includes a first pressure sensor 44 disposed between the orifice plate 43 and the filling volume 45, for real-time monitoring of the branch hydrogen supply pressure. The orifice plate 43 is a replaceable component; by replacing orifice plates 43 with different orifice diameters, the maximum steady-state hydrogen supply flow rate of the corresponding hydrogen supply branch can be set.

[0045] The volume of the filling volume 45 is adjusted by a mechanical adjustment mechanism or modular volume unit to increase the hydrogen supply flow rate of the corresponding hydrogen supply branch from zero to the maximum flow rate. The increase time can be controlled within the range of 0.01 seconds to 5 seconds; wherein, the maximum steady-state hydrogen supply flow rate is determined by the orifice diameter of the throttling orifice plate 43, and the hydrogen supply growth rate is determined by the volume of the filling volume 45.

[0046] Furthermore, the n hydrogen supply branches of the transition state multi-branch precision and rapid supply pipeline 4 are configured with independent control opening sequence, and the time deviation between any two hydrogen supply branches opening synchronously does not exceed 40ms, so as to simulate the transition state condition of multi-sector non-uniform temperature distortion in the combustion chamber of an aero-engine.

[0047] In specific implementation, taking the first hydrogen supply branch as an example, the hydrogen at a stable pressure supplied by the hydrogen supply pressure regulation system 3 is supplied to the high-pressure fast-response pneumatic valve 42 through the third safety valve 111. The high-pressure fast-response pneumatic valve 42 can be fully opened within 40ms, instantly supplying hydrogen at a fixed pressure to the orifice plate 43. The orifice plate 43 throttles the hydrogen, making the instantaneous critical flow rate of hydrogen fixed, and supplying the fixed flow rate of hydrogen to the filling volume 45. The time for the fixed flow rate of hydrogen to fill the filling volume 45 from zero is the time for the hydrogen supply rate to increase from zero to the maximum. By adjusting the volume of the filling volume 45, the time for the hydrogen supply rate to increase from zero to the maximum can be adjusted, and the hydrogen supply growth rate in the transition state can be precisely adjusted to achieve the adjustment of the temperature distortion and temperature rise rate. After the filling volume 45 is full, the hydrogen supply flow rate of the precise fast supply pipeline is the flow rate of the orifice plate 43. By controlling the supply pressure of the precise fast supply pipeline and the area of ​​the orifice plate 43, the maximum steady-state hydrogen supply flow rate can be adjusted to achieve the control of temperature distortion and temperature rise.

[0048] The transient multi-branch precise and rapid hydrogen supply pipeline 4 of this invention uses a combination of "high-pressure fast-response pneumatic valve 42 + orifice plate 43 + filling volume 45" to precisely adjust the hydrogen supply growth rate during the transient state. The high-pressure fast-response pneumatic valve 42 can fully open within 40ms, instantly supplying hydrogen at a fixed pressure to the orifice plate 43. The orifice plate 43 throttles the hydrogen, fixing the instantaneous critical flow rate of hydrogen, and supplying the filling volume 45 with a fixed flow rate of hydrogen. The time it takes for the fixed flow rate of hydrogen to fill the filling volume 45 from zero is the time it takes for the hydrogen supply rate to increase from zero to its maximum. By adjusting the volume of the filling volume 45, the time it takes for the hydrogen supply rate to increase from zero to its maximum can be adjusted, thus precisely adjusting the hydrogen supply growth rate during the transient state and achieving adjustment of the temperature distortion and temperature rise rate.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects that the present invention can achieve include at least the following: 1. The entire system has no electric actuators, and all fast valves are driven by inert nitrogen, completely avoiding the risk of combustion and explosion caused by electrical components in a hydrogen environment; it also supports nitrogen / hydrogen dual-mode switching, and nitrogen is used throughout the commissioning phase to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment.

[0050] 2. The response time of the pneumatic valve is ≤40ms. The cascade pressure regulation structure makes the pressure overshoot ≤1% and the steady-state fluctuation ≤±0.5%, which is far superior to the traditional single-stage pressure reducing or proportional valve system (typically response >100ms, overshoot >5%), meeting the requirements of millisecond-level temperature rise simulation.

[0051] 3. By changing the orifice plate to set the maximum hydrogen supply flow rate (corresponding to the temperature rise amplitude), and by adjusting the filling volume to set the hydrogen supply rise time of 0.01 to 5 seconds (corresponding to the temperature rise rate), the two do not affect each other, and can flexibly reproduce a wide range of temperature distortion conditions. However, due to the strong coupling between flow rate and rate, the existing system is difficult to achieve such accurate simulation.

[0052] 4. n hydrogen supply branches (e.g., n=6) can be independently programmed and synchronously activated with a deviation of ≤40ms. This can realistically reproduce the non-uniform high-temperature air intake in space under scenarios such as dense formation flight and short takeoff, providing a high-fidelity test environment for engine stability assessment.

[0053] 5. The system has a high degree of integration and strong reliability. The nitrogen gas source system for control provides both pilot gas and purging inerting gas, sharing the same storage tank and pipelines, reducing the number of valves by about 30% and lowering leakage points and failure rates. Combined with multiple safety protections (safety valves, vent valves, check valves, and real-time monitoring), it forms a closed-loop safety assurance system.

[0054] Obviously, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the embodiments of the present invention can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-response, high-precision transition-state hydrogen supply system, characterized in that, It includes a nitrogen gas source system for control (1), a dual supply gas source of hydrogen and nitrogen (2), a hydrogen supply pressure regulation system (3), and a transition state multi-branch precision and rapid supply pipeline (4). The hydrogen supply pressure regulation system (3) includes a main regulating fast response explosion-proof valve (32), a pressure stabilizing volume (39), and a secondary regulating fast response explosion-proof valve (310). The outlet of the main regulating fast response explosion-proof valve (32) is connected to the inlet of the pressure stabilizing volume (39), and the outlet of the pressure stabilizing volume (39) is connected to the inlet of the secondary regulating fast response explosion-proof valve (310). The transitional multi-branch precision rapid supply pipeline (4) includes n hydrogen supply branches. The fluid channel of each hydrogen supply branch includes a manual isolation valve (41), a nitrogen-driven high-pressure rapid response pneumatic valve (42), a throttling orifice plate (43), a filling volume (45), and a hydrogen supply outlet (46). The high-pressure rapid response pneumatic valve (42) is connected to the control nitrogen gas source system (1). The orifice plate (43) has a fixed flow cross-sectional area for setting the maximum steady-state hydrogen supply flow rate of the branch. The volume of the filling volume (45) is adjustable for setting the time required for hydrogen to rise from zero flow rate to the maximum steady-state hydrogen supply flow rate. The two work together to achieve independent control of the transition state hydrogen supply growth rate and amplitude.

2. The high-response, high-precision transition-state hydrogen supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main regulating fast response explosion-proof valve (32), the pressure stabilizing volume (39), and the secondary regulating fast response explosion-proof valve (310) are arranged sequentially along the gas flow direction to form a cascade pressure regulation path of main valve-buffer volume-secondary valve, which is used to output a constant hydrogen supply pressure with low overshoot and high response to the transition state multi-branch precise and rapid supply pipeline (4).

3. The high-response, high-precision transition-state hydrogen supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the main regulating fast response explosion-proof valve (32) and the secondary regulating fast response explosion-proof valve (310) are pneumatically driven normally closed switching valves, with pilot driving gas provided by the control nitrogen gas source system (1), and their response time from receiving the opening signal to the fully open state does not exceed 50ms.

4. The high-response, high-precision transition-state hydrogen supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the process of establishing the set pressure, the pressure overshoot of the hydrogen supply pressure regulation system (3) shall not exceed 1%, and the steady-state pressure fluctuation range shall not exceed ±0.5% of the set value.

5. The high-response, high-precision transition-state hydrogen supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen supply pressure regulation system (3) also includes a high-precision high-response flow meter (35) and a temperature sensor (34) disposed between the main regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve (32) and the pressure stabilizing volume (39), as well as a one-way valve (36), a vent valve (37) and a first safety valve (38) disposed on the outlet side of the secondary regulating fast-response explosion-proof valve (310); the high-precision high-response flow meter (35) monitors the hydrogen supply flow in real time, the temperature sensor (34) monitors the gas temperature, the one-way valve (36) prevents gas backflow, the vent valve (37) performs emergency pressure relief, and the first safety valve (38) provides overpressure protection.

6. The high-response, high-precision transition-state hydrogen supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the hydrogen supply branches also includes a first pressure sensor (44) disposed between the orifice plate (43) and the filling volume (45) for real-time monitoring of the hydrogen supply pressure of the branch.

7. The high-response, high-precision transition-state hydrogen supply system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The orifice plate (43) is a replaceable component. By replacing the orifice plate (43) with different orifice diameters, the maximum steady-state hydrogen supply flow rate of the corresponding hydrogen supply branch can be set. The volume of the filling volume (45) is adjusted by a mechanical adjustment mechanism or a modular volume unit to increase the hydrogen supply flow rate of the corresponding hydrogen supply branch from zero to the maximum flow rate; wherein, the maximum steady-state hydrogen supply flow rate is determined by the orifice diameter of the throttling orifice plate (43), and the hydrogen supply growth rate is determined by the volume of the filling volume (45).

8. The high-response, high-precision transition-state hydrogen supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The n hydrogen supply branches of the transition state multi-branch precision and rapid supply pipeline (4) are configured with independent control opening sequence, and the time deviation between any two hydrogen supply branches opening synchronously does not exceed 40ms, so as to simulate the transition state condition of multi-sector non-uniform temperature distortion in the combustion chamber of an aero-engine.

9. The high-response, high-precision transition-state hydrogen supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nitrogen gas source system (1) for control includes a nitrogen storage tank (11), a first filter (14), a first pressure reducing valve (15), a second pressure reducing valve (19), and a main nitrogen supply valve (113). After being reduced in pressure by the first pressure reducing valve (15), the nitrogen is used as the pilot drive gas source for all pneumatic valves. After being reduced in pressure by the second pressure reducing valve (19), the nitrogen is used as the purging and inerting gas source for purging the hydrogen supply branch and inerting the system to simulate the temperature distortion of different transition state scenarios at the inlet of the aero-engine.

10. The high-response, high-precision transition-state hydrogen supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual hydrogen and nitrogen supply source (2) includes a debugging nitrogen interface (21), a test hydrogen interface (24), a first manual valve (26), and a sixth manual valve (23). The debugging nitrogen interface (21) is connected to the hydrogen supply pressure regulation system (3) through the first manual valve (26), and the test hydrogen interface (24) is connected to the hydrogen supply pressure regulation system (3) through the sixth manual valve (23). By controlling the first manual valve (26) or the sixth manual valve (23) to open, a safe switch between the debugging stage and the test stage can be performed.

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