Dual-polarization time domain modulation reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface

Abstract

The invention discloses a dual-polarization time domain modulation reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface, and belongs to the technical field of microwave device communication. The problem that existing metasurface single polarization regulation has limitation is solved. Two symmetrical split ring structures are etched on the upper surface of the first dielectric layer, a variable capacitance diode is loaded at the midpoint of the two split ring structures, metal strips are arranged on the two opposite sides of each split rectangular ring to achieve connection with adjacent unit structures, the metal strips have the wire function, and the metal strips have the function of conducting wires. The variable capacitance diode is used for being connected with an external voltage source, effective control over the variable capacitance diode can be achieved by adjusting the voltage of an external power source, then continuous regulation and control over equivalent capacitance are achieved, and a wide phase tuning range is obtained. A simulation result shows that the phase regulation and control range of the electromagnetic metasurface can reach 360 degrees within the frequency range of 4-7 GHz and the frequency range of 9-10 GHz; and the amplitudes of the two frequency bands respectively reach 7.5 dB and 10 dB.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a dual-polarization time-domain modulated reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface, belonging to the field of microwave device communication technology. Background Technology

[0002] Time-domain reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurfaces are artificial electromagnetic materials that flexibly reconstruct the time-domain characteristics of electromagnetic waves by dynamically controlling the electromagnetic response of their unit structure. Leveraging their real-time control over signal amplitude, phase, and polarization, they are widely used in cutting-edge fields such as adaptive communication, intelligent detection, electromagnetic compatibility, and holographic imaging. Existing time-domain reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurfaces primarily integrate PIN diodes within their unit structure. While PIN diodes offer advantages such as fast switching speeds and simple driving circuits, their large parasitic parameters and non-ideal characteristics in on-resistance and cutoff capacitance limit the operating bandwidth and control precision of the metasurface, making it difficult to meet practical application requirements. The core requirement for time-domain reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurfaces lies in balancing wide operating bandwidth, high control precision, fast response speed, and low energy consumption. Existing single-polarization frequency band designs cannot meet the demands of modern communication and detection systems for multi-polarization and multi-functional integration, resulting in bulky devices and poor system compatibility. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention addresses the limitations of existing metasurfaces with single polarization modulation by providing a dual-polarization time-domain modulated reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention: One objective of this invention is to provide a unit cell for a dual-polarization time-domain modulated reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface, characterized in that it comprises a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer, a second metal layer, a second dielectric layer, and a third metal layer arranged horizontally from top to bottom; The first metal layer consists of two identical and symmetrically arranged open rectangular rings, and each open rectangular ring is connected to the adjacent unit on its opposite sides by metal strips. The second metal layer has the same shape as the first metal layer, and the second metal layer is rotated 90° horizontally relative to the first metal layer; Two open rectangular rings are connected by a varactor diode.

[0005] Further specifying, the third metal layer is a metal plate with dimensions p×p and a thickness of t.

[0006] Further specifying, the first dielectric layer is a dielectric plate with dimensions p×p and a thickness of h2.

[0007] Further specifying, the second dielectric layer is a dielectric plate with dimensions p×p and a thickness of h1.

[0008] Further specifying, the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are F4B dielectric boards.

[0009] Further specified, the thickness of the first metal layer, the second metal layer, and the third metal layer is all t.

[0010] Furthermore, the first metal layer, the second metal layer, and the third metal layer are made of copper.

[0011] Further defining the outer dimensions of the open rectangular ring as l1×l2 and the inner dimensions as (l1-2w2)×(l2-2w1).

[0012] Further specifying, the opening of the open rectangular ring is located at the midpoint of two mutually distant sides of the two open rectangular rings, and the opening length b is l1-2 (w 2+ l b ).

[0013] Further specifying, the width of the metal strip is w b .

[0014] Further specifying, the varactor diode is connected at the midpoint of the two adjacent sides of the two open rectangular rings.

[0015] The second objective of this invention is to provide a dual-polarized time-domain modulated reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface, specifically composed of the aforementioned units arranged periodically and interconnected.

[0016] Beneficial effects: This invention etches two symmetrical open-ring structures on the surface of the first dielectric layer and loads a varactor diode at the midpoint of the two open-ring structures. Metal strips are placed on opposite sides of each open rectangular ring to connect to adjacent unit structures. These metal strips also function as conductors for connecting to an external voltage source. By adjusting the external power supply voltage, the varactor diode can be effectively controlled, thereby achieving continuous regulation of the equivalent capacitance and obtaining a wide phase tuning range. Simulation results show that this electromagnetic metasurface has two distinct frequency bands within its operating frequency range: 4-7 GHz and 9-10 GHz. Within both the 4-7 GHz and 9-10 GHz frequency ranges, its phase can be effectively tuned, with a tuning range of up to 360°. Furthermore, the amplitude reaches 7.5 dB in the 4-7 GHz frequency range and averages 10 dB in the 9-10 GHz frequency range.

[0017] In summary, this application achieves dynamic reconstruction of electromagnetic parameters in two independent polarization frequency bands simultaneously through innovative unit topology and multi-dimensional control mechanism, resulting in a time-domain reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface with multiple frequency bands and multiple polarizations. This overcomes the limitations of traditional metasurfaces with single polarization control, improves the applicable scenarios of time-domain reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurfaces in practical applications, and provides a new technical path for solving the functional integration problem in multi-frequency band and multi-polarization scenarios. It is expected to promote the development of adaptive electromagnetic systems towards miniaturization, high performance, and multi-functional integration. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the dual-polarization time-domain modulation reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface unit provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A top view of the dual-polarization time-domain modulation reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface unit provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A side view of the dual-polarization time-domain modulation reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface unit provided by the present invention; Figure 4 The simulation results of the phase characteristics of the dual-polarization time-domain modulated reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface provided in Example 1 are shown in the figure. Figure 5 The simulation results of the amplitude characteristics of the dual-polarization time-domain modulated reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface provided in Example 1 are shown in the figure. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0020] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods. Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, methods, and instruments used are all conventional materials, reagents, methods, and instruments in the art, and can be obtained commercially by those skilled in the art.

[0021] Example 1: The dual-polarization time-domain modulation reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface unit provided in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1-3 As shown, it includes a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer, a second metal layer, a second dielectric layer, and a third metal layer arranged horizontally from top to bottom.

[0022] The first metal layer consists of two identical and symmetrically arranged open rectangular rings, with each open rectangular ring connected to an adjacent unit on its opposite sides by metal strips. The outer dimensions of each open rectangular ring are l1 × l2, and the inner dimensions are (l1 - 2w2) × (l2 - 2w1). The openings of the open rectangular rings are located at the midpoint of the two mutually distant sides of the two open rectangular rings, with an opening length b of l1 - 2(w1 - 2w2) × (l1 - 2w2) × (l2 - 2w1). 2+ l b The width of the metal strip is w. b Two open rectangular rings are connected by varactor diodes, which are connected at the midpoints of two adjacent sides of the two open rectangular rings. The second metal layer has the same shape as the first metal layer, but is rotated 90° horizontally relative to the first metal layer.

[0023] The first, second, and third metal layers are made of copper with a conductivity of 5.96 × 10⁻⁶. 7 S / m, thickness t. The third metal layer has dimensions p×p.

[0024] The first dielectric layer is an F4B dielectric substrate with dimensions p×p and a thickness of h2. The second dielectric layer is an F4B dielectric substrate with dimensions p×p and a thickness of h1. The dielectric constant of the F4B dielectric substrate is 3.5, and the loss tangent is 0.001.

[0025] The structural parameters of the aforementioned dual-polarization time-domain modulated reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface unit are set as follows: p=8 mm, w b = 0.1 mm, w1= 0.5 mm, w2= 0.5 mm, l b = 2 mm, l1 = 5.5 mm, l2 = 3 mm, t = 0.018 mm, h1 = 2 mm, h2 = 0.254 mm. The varactor diode model is FPC-05F-20PH20.

[0026] Based on the above structural parameters and material properties, the simulation results of this electromagnetic metasurface are as follows: Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown. By Figure 4 As can be seen, its phase can be effectively modulated in the 4-7 GHz frequency range and the 9-10 GHz frequency range, with a modulation range of up to 360°. Furthermore, by... Figure 5 The simulation results of the amplitude characteristics shown show that the electromagnetic metasurface achieves an amplitude of 7.5 dB in the 4-7 GHz frequency range and an average of 10 dB in the 9-10 GHz frequency range. The dual-polarization design expands the working range of the metasurface and proves that the proposed electromagnetic metasurface has the advantage of high f amplitude control.

[0027] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A unit of dual-polarized time-domain modulated reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface, characterized in that, The first metal layer, the first dielectric layer, the second metal layer, the second dielectric layer and the third metal layer are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The first metal layer is composed of two open rectangular rings which are symmetrical and have the same shape, and the opposite sides of each open rectangular ring are connected with adjacent units by metal strips. The second metal layer has the same shape as the first metal layer, and the second metal layer is horizontally rotated by 90° relative to the first metal layer. The two open rectangular rings are connected by a varactor.

2. The unit of claim 1, wherein, The third metal layer is a metal plate with a size of p×p and a thickness of t.

3. The unit of claim 1, wherein, The first dielectric layer is a dielectric plate with a size of p×p and a thickness of h2, and the second dielectric layer is a dielectric plate with a size of p×p and a thickness of h1.

4. The unit of claim 1, wherein, The first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are F4B dielectric plates.

5. The unit of claim 1, wherein, The thicknesses of the first metal layer, the second metal layer and the third metal layer are all t.

6. The unit of claim 1, wherein, The first metal layer, the second metal layer and the third metal layer are made of copper.

7. The unit of claim 1, wherein, The outer dimension of the open rectangular ring is l1xl2, and the inner dimension is (l1-2w2)x(l2-2w1); the width of the metal strip is w b .

8. The unit of claim 7, wherein, The opening of the open rectangular ring is located in the middle of two sides of the open rectangular ring which are far away from each other, and the opening length b is l1-2(w 2+ l b ).

9. The unit of claim 1, wherein, The varactor is connected at the midpoint of the two adjacent sides of the two open rectangular rings.

10. A dual-polarized time-domain modulated reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurface, characterized in that, The units according to any one of claims 1-8 are arranged in a period and connected with each other.

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