Indexable turning blade for high-speed machining

Abstract

The invention discloses an indexable turning blade for high-speed machining, which belongs to the technical field of metal cutting tools and comprises a tool nose and a cutting edge. The tool nose comprises a tip rear tool face and a tip front tool face. The cutting edge comprises an edge portion flank face and an edge portion rake face. And the tip rear cutter surface is sunken inwards to form a tip groove. The tip groove is partially removed through materials, so that the tool nose forms a smaller actual cutting edge thickness, the geometric sharpness of the tool nose is improved, and the cut-in resistance and the instantaneous impact load in the initial stage of high-speed cutting are reduced. The actual contact area among the rear tool face, the machined surface and high-speed flowing cuttings is effectively reduced through the concave structure of the tip groove, and therefore friction work and friction heat are reduced. The groove in the tip provides an inflow space for cooling liquid, so that the cooling liquid can form a local flow and heat exchange area near the tool nose and directly acts on a high-temperature cutting area, the heat dissipation capacity of the tool nose is improved, and the chip temperature is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of metal cutting tool technology, specifically an indexable turning insert for high-speed machining. Background Technology

[0002] High-speed turning is an advanced metal cutting technology that typically achieves efficient material removal by increasing the workpiece or spindle speed, along with larger feed rates and depths of cut. During high-speed turning, the significantly increased cutting speed leads to a greater amount of material removed per unit time, resulting in a sharp increase in the plastic deformation and frictional work generated in the cutting zone. A large amount of heat is concentrated in the contact area between the tool, chips, and workpiece. Especially under high speed and large feed rates, the cutting heat is difficult to dissipate quickly through the chips or cooling medium, causing the temperature in the cutting zone to rise rapidly, creating extreme conditions of high temperature, high pressure, and high friction.

[0003] Under these conditions, the chips flow at high speed and continuously contact and rub against the flank face of the cutting tool, easily leading to various wear forms such as thermal softening of the tool material, flank face wear, oxidative wear, and adhesive wear. At the same time, the superposition of periodic impact loads and thermal cycling stress can easily cause the cutting edge to chip, plastic deformation, or even microcracks to spread on the flank face, thus affecting the dimensional stability and machining accuracy of the tool.

[0004] Furthermore, high temperatures can cause built-up edge formation between the cutting tool and the chips, altering the actual cutting geometry and further deteriorating the cutting conditions, resulting in increased surface roughness and decreased dimensional accuracy. For high-precision parts machining, this instability directly impacts product quality and production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an indexable turning insert for high-speed machining, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the prior art.

[0006] A type-indexable turning insert for high-speed machining is provided, comprising: The blade tip includes the rear cutting face and the front cutting face. The cutting edge includes the flank face and the rake face. The tip of the cutting edge is recessed inward to form a tip groove, which extends to the junction of the tip and the cutting edge.

[0007] As a further aspect of the present invention, it also includes a blade top surface, wherein a chip-collecting groove and a liquid-flowing groove are sequentially formed between the blade top surface, the tip rake face, and the cutting edge rake face in the radial outward direction of the blade, and in the same radial direction of the blade, the vertical distance between the liquid-flowing groove and the blade top surface is greater than the vertical distance between the chip-collecting groove and the blade top surface.

[0008] As a further aspect of the present invention: a first chip groove is formed in the area between the top surface of the cutter and the front face of the tip, and a second chip groove is formed in the area between the top surface of the cutter and the front face of the cutting edge. The vertical distance between the bottom surface of the first chip groove and the top surface of the cutter is smaller than the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the second chip groove and the top surface of the cutter.

[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention: the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the first chip groove and the top surface of the cutter is 0.2mm ≤ H1 < 0.3mm, and the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the second chip groove and the top surface of the cutter is 0.2mm < H2 ≤ 0.3mm.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention: a first liquid groove is formed in the area between the top surface of the cutter and the front cutting surface of the tip, and a second liquid groove is formed in the area between the top surface of the cutter and the front cutting surface of the cutting edge. The vertical distance between the bottom surface of the first liquid groove and the top surface of the cutter is smaller than the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the second liquid groove and the top surface of the cutter.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention: the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the first liquid tank and the top surface of the blade is 0.2mm≤H3≤0.3mm, and the vertical distance between the second liquid tank and the top surface of the blade is 0.25mm≤H4≤0.35mm.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention: the projection of the tip groove on the axial plane of the blade is arc-shaped, and the ratio of the arc chord length to the arc radius of the arc projection of the tip groove is 0.8-3.1.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention: the projection of the tip groove on the axial plane of the blade is arc-shaped, and the ratio of the arc chord length to the arc radius of the arc projection of the tip groove is 1-2.9.

[0014] As a further aspect of the present invention: the projection of the tip groove on the axial plane of the blade is arc-shaped, and the ratio of the arc chord length to the arc radius of the arc projection of the tip groove is 1.2-2.7.

[0015] As a further aspect of the present invention: the arc chord length of the arc projection of the pointed groove is 0.3mm-0.4mm, and the arc radius of the arc projection of the pointed groove is 0.15mm-0.25mm.

[0016] As a further aspect of the present invention: an angle of α degrees is formed between the tip flank face and the tip rake face, and an angle of β degrees is formed between the cutting edge flank face and the cutting edge rake face, where α < β.

[0017] As a further aspect of the present invention: the angle between the tip back face and the tip front face is α < 90°, and the angle between the cutting edge back face and the cutting edge front face is β > 90°.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The tip groove creates a localized thinning and structural partitioning geometry in the tool tip region. This structure, through localized material removal, results in a smaller actual cutting edge thickness at the tool tip, thereby improving the geometric sharpness of the tool tip and reducing the cutting resistance and instantaneous impact load in the initial stage of high-speed cutting.

[0019] 2. The recessed structure of the tip groove effectively reduces the actual contact area between the back face, the machined surface, and the high-speed flowing chips, transforming the original large-area surface contact into local edge contact, thereby reducing the generation of frictional work and frictional heat.

[0020] 3. The groove at the tip provides space for the coolant to flow in, allowing the coolant to form a local flow and heat exchange zone near the cutting tip, directly acting on the high-temperature cutting zone, improving the heat dissipation capacity of the cutting tip and reducing the chip temperature.

[0021] 4. Since the tip groove only extends to the junction of the tip flank face and the cutting edge flank face, it does not weaken the entire flank face structure. Therefore, while improving the sharpness of the tool tip and the friction reduction and heat dissipation performance, it retains the structural strength of the cutting edge body, achieving a structural balance between local performance optimization and overall strength maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this drawing or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this drawing. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a planar structural diagram of the turning tool of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the turning tool of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of region A in the middle; Figure 4 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of region B in the middle; Figure 5 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the structure of the EE; Figure 6 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the structure of FF.

[0024] In the figure: 1. Tool tip; 11. Tip flank face; 12. Tip rake face; 13. Tip groove; 2. Cutting edge; 21. Cutting edge flank face; 22. Cutting edge rake face; 3. Tool top face; 4. Chip groove; 41. First chip groove; 42. Second chip groove; 5. Fluid flow groove; 51. First fluid groove; 52. Second fluid groove. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application is described and illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments provided in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0026] Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are merely some examples or embodiments of this application. Those skilled in the art can apply this application to other similar scenarios based on these drawings without any inventive effort. Furthermore, it is understood that although the efforts made in this development process may be complex and lengthy, for those skilled in the art related to the content disclosed in this application, any changes to design, manufacturing, or production based on the technical content disclosed in this application are merely conventional technical means and should not be construed as insufficient disclosure of the content of this application.

[0027] However, there may be instances where unnecessary detailed descriptions are omitted. For example, detailed descriptions of well-known matters or repetitive descriptions of essentially the same structures may be omitted. This is to avoid unnecessarily lengthy descriptions and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings and the following description are provided to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand this application and are not intended to limit the subject matter of the claims.

[0028] Please see Figures 1-2 As shown in the illustration, in this embodiment of the invention, an indexable turning insert for high-speed machining includes a tool tip 1 and a cutting edge 2. The tool tip 1 includes a pointed flank face 11 and a pointed rake face 12. The cutting edge 2 includes a cutting edge flank face 21 and a cutting edge rake face 22. The pointed flank face 11 is recessed inward to form a pointed groove 13, which extends to the junction of the pointed flank face 11 and the cutting edge flank face 21.

[0029] The tip groove 13 firstly reduces the thickness of the solid material at the tool tip 1 in terms of geometry, making the tool tip 1 locally form a relatively thin area, thereby improving the geometric sharpness of the tool tip 1. The sharper the tool tip 1, the smaller the plastic deformation resistance that needs to be overcome in the initial contact stage of high-speed cutting, the lower the peak cutting force, and the more effectively the instantaneous effect of high-speed impact load on the tool tip 1 can be reduced.

[0030] Meanwhile, the recessed structure of the tip groove 13 reduces the actual contact area between the tip flank face 11 and the machined surface, as well as the high-speed chips. Under high-speed turning conditions, there is continuous sliding friction between the flank face and the chips; the larger the friction area, the higher the frictional work and frictional heat. By forming the tip groove 13, the contact is changed from surface contact to local edge contact, effectively reducing the generation of frictional heat.

[0031] Furthermore, the tip groove 13 structure provides inflow space for the coolant, allowing it to form a localized stagnation or circulation zone near the cutting edge 1, thereby enhancing the heat transfer efficiency of the cutting edge 1 area. After entering the tip groove 13, the coolant can directly act on the contact area between the high-temperature chips and the cutting edge 1, reducing the chip temperature and inhibiting built-up edge formation. The presence of the groove also increases the effective heat dissipation area on the surface of the cutting edge 1, improving convective heat dissipation capacity.

[0032] More importantly, the tip groove 13 only extends to the junction of the tip flank face 11 and the cutting edge flank face 21, and does not extend to the entire cutting edge area. This achieves friction reduction and heat dissipation optimization of the tip 1 while preserving the complete solid structure of the cutting edge flank face 21, ensuring the overall load-bearing strength of the cutting edge 2, and avoiding the risk of chipping due to excessive material weakening.

[0033] Specifically, the insert also includes a tip surface 3. In the radially outward direction of the insert, a chip groove 4 and a fluid flow groove 5 are sequentially formed between the tip surface 3, the tip rake face 12, and the cutting edge rake face 22. In high-speed machining, chips form extremely quickly; if they cannot be curled and discharged in time, they easily accumulate or undergo secondary cutting. The chip groove 4 primarily controls the direction and curling shape of the chips. The presence of the chip groove 4 alters the local geometry of the rake face, causing controlled bending of the chips as they flow out, reducing the frictional area between the chips and the tip surface 3, thereby reducing heat accumulation.

[0034] Furthermore, the coolant is introduced into the tool tip 1 and cutting edge 2 areas through the coolant channel 5, simultaneously carrying away heat from the tool tip 1, cutting edge 2, and chips. In the same radial direction of the insert, the vertical distance between the coolant channel 5 and the tool top surface 3 is greater than the vertical distance between the chip-collecting groove 4 and the tool top surface 3. The greater depth of the coolant channel 5 primarily serves the function of coolant delivery. The larger vertical distance ensures that the coolant can avoid chips, forming a more stable fluid channel, allowing the coolant to maintain an effective supply even with chip accumulation.

[0035] Furthermore, through the layered design of chip containment and liquid flow, the chip removal function and the cooling function are independent yet coordinated, thereby maintaining the geometric stability of the cutting tool under the extreme heat load conditions of high-speed machining.

[0036] In one embodiment, see Figures 1-4 As shown, the chip groove 4 forms a first chip groove 41 in the area between the top surface 3 and the tip rake face 12, and a second chip groove 42 in the area between the top surface 3 and the cutting edge rake face 22. The vertical distance between the bottom surface of the first chip groove 41 and the top surface 3 is less than the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the second chip groove 42 and the top surface 3. The first chip groove 41 is shallower and the second chip groove 42 is deeper. This differentiated structural design is based on the actual working conditions where different areas of the blade bear different loads and thermal loads.

[0037] Specifically, the tip region 1, due to its participation in the initial cutting contact, bears a large impact load. Therefore, the first chip groove 41 is set relatively shallow to retain more solid material, improve the structural rigidity of the tip region 1, and prevent local collapse or breakage due to excessive groove depth. Meanwhile, the cutting edge region bears the continuous main cutting action, generating a large number of continuous chips. Therefore, the second chip groove 42 is set relatively deep to provide more sufficient chip space, prevent chip accumulation from compressing the cutting edge, and reduce cutting resistance fluctuations.

[0038] In one specific embodiment, the first chip groove 41 and the second chip groove 42 form a smooth transition in structure, eliminating abrupt steps between the tool tip 1 region and the cutting edge 2 region. Firstly, by setting a smooth transition structure, a continuous curved surface or gentle slope connection is formed between the two chip grooves, effectively dispersing the load transmission path, reducing the stress concentration factor, and improving the overall impact resistance and thermal fatigue resistance of the cutting tool. This continuous transition structure helps delay crack propagation and enhances the structural stability of the tool under high-speed, high-frequency impact conditions.

[0039] Secondly, the gradient structure formed by the first chip groove 41 and the second chip groove 42 is equivalent to constructing a directional guiding surface. Since the first chip groove 41 is located in the tool tip 1 region and is relatively shallow, while the second chip groove 42 gradually deepens, the smooth transition between the two forms a guiding trend that expands from the center to both sides, causing the coolant to flow along the chip groove surface towards the cutting edges 2 on both sides. This flow trend is beneficial for pushing the chips outward through the liquid flow.

[0040] Secondly, the chip's movement on the rake face is affected by geometry. A smoothly transitioning chip groove structure prevents chips from getting stuck or bouncing due to abrupt geometric changes during sliding; instead, the chips smoothly curl along a continuous curved surface and are discharged to both sides. Combined with the flow trend created by the coolant, this further reduces the frictional resistance between the chip and the tool face, making the chip discharge process more stable, thereby reducing secondary cutting and chip buildup.

[0041] In one specific embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the first chip groove 41 and the top surface of the tool 3 is 0.2mm ≤ H1 < 0.3mm, and the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the second chip groove 42 and the top surface of the tool 3 is 0.2mm < H2 ≤ 0.3mm. This design, by specifying the vertical distance from the bottom surface of the first chip groove 41 and the second chip groove 42 to the top surface of the tool 3, controls the chip groove depth between 0.2mm and 0.3mm, thus creating a differentiated setting for the first chip groove 41 and the second chip groove 42 within this range.

[0042] During high-speed turning, chips form rapidly and have high kinetic energy. If the chip groove depth is too shallow, it cannot effectively change the chip's flow trajectory, causing the chip to slide along the rake face over a large area, leading to increased friction and heat accumulation. If the chip groove depth is too large, it will significantly weaken the effective load-bearing section of the insert, reduce bending strength and impact resistance, and increase the risk of chipping.

[0043] By controlling the depths of the first chip groove 41 and the second chip groove 42, the chip groove depth is matched with the thickness of the cutting layer in common high-speed machining. This provides a moderate bending constraint on the chips, causing them to curl in a controlled manner and be discharged to both sides, without weakening the structural strength of the tool tip 1 and cutting edge 2 regions due to excessive material removal. At the same time, the first chip groove 41 and the second chip groove 42 still form a slight gradient difference within this range, maintaining a relatively high solid thickness in the tool tip 1 region to enhance impact resistance, while the cutting edge 2 region provides a slightly larger chip space to meet the chip removal requirements of the continuous main cutting stage.

[0044] In one embodiment, see Figures 1-4 As shown, the liquid flow groove 5 forms a first liquid groove 51 in the area between the top surface 3 of the blade and the front cutting surface 12 of the tip, and forms a second liquid groove 52 in the area between the top surface 3 of the blade and the front cutting surface 22 of the cutting edge. The vertical distance between the bottom surface of the first liquid groove 51 and the top surface 3 of the blade is less than the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the second liquid groove 52 and the top surface 3 of the blade.

[0045] During high-speed turning, the tool tip 1 region first contacts the workpiece material and forms the initial cutting zone. This region experiences rapid temperature rise and high heat concentration, but its cross-sectional area is relatively small. If the cooling structure is too deep, it will weaken the strength of the tool tip 1. Therefore, setting the first liquid groove 51 to a relatively shallow structure can provide an entry channel for the coolant while ensuring the material thickness and impact resistance of the tool tip 1 region. This allows the coolant to form a close-fitting flow or local stagnation near the tool tip 1, thereby quickly removing the heat generated in the initial cutting zone and suppressing the rise of the temperature peak.

[0046] Designing the second liquid tank 52 to be deeper than the first liquid tank 51 creates a larger fluid channel cross-section, which helps to increase the coolant flow rate and velocity, resulting in a stronger convective heat transfer effect in the cutting edge region. The deeper second liquid tank 52 can also form a stable streamline structure under the impact of high-speed coolant, allowing the coolant to diffuse outward along the bottom of the tank, increasing the coverage area of ​​the cutting edge region.

[0047] Therefore, this differentiated liquid tank depth design enables regional distribution of cooling capacity and control of flow direction, which enhances the heat dissipation efficiency of the cutting edge while ensuring the strength of the tool tip 1, thereby improving the thermal stability and service life of the tool under high-speed machining conditions.

[0048] In one specific embodiment, the first liquid groove 51 and the second liquid groove 52 form a smooth transition in structure, so that there is no abrupt step between the tip 1 region and the cutting edge 2 region. First, by setting a smooth transition structure, a continuous curved surface or gentle slope connection is formed between the two liquid grooves, which can effectively disperse the load transmission path, reduce the stress concentration factor, and improve the overall impact resistance and thermal fatigue resistance of the cutting tool.

[0049] In one specific embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the first liquid tank 51 and the top surface of the blade 3 is 0.2mm≤H3≤0.3mm, and the vertical distance between the second liquid tank 52 and the top surface of the blade 3 is 0.25mm≤H4≤0.35mm.

[0050] During high-speed turning, the instantaneous temperature in the cutting zone can rise rapidly, and the coolant is often injected into the tool area at high pressure and high speed. If the coolant groove is too shallow, the coolant will have difficulty forming a stable adhesion flow on the tool surface and will easily overflow after impact, failing to effectively enter the cutting contact area. If the coolant groove is too deep, it may create a decrease in flow velocity or local stagnation zones, reducing heat exchange efficiency and weakening the effective load-bearing cross section of the cutting tool, thus affecting structural strength.

[0051] By controlling the depth of the first liquid groove 51, the tip 1 area has sufficient space for coolant introduction without reducing its impact resistance due to excessive material weakening, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the initial cutting zone while ensuring the strength of the tip 1.

[0052] Meanwhile, by controlling the depth of the second coolant tank 52, a larger coolant channel cross-section is achieved in the cutting edge region. Since the cutting edge bears the continuous main cutting load and generates more heat, appropriately increasing the tank depth helps to improve coolant flow rate and velocity, resulting in stronger convective heat transfer in the cutting edge region. This range ensures that the coolant forms a relatively stable wall-attached flow state within the tank, enhancing the contact area between the fluid and the blade surface, improving heat exchange efficiency, without causing fluid dead zones or reduced structural strength due to excessive depth.

[0053] Furthermore, the first coolant groove 51 and the second coolant groove 52 form a gradient relationship from shallow to deep in terms of their numerical range, allowing the coolant to naturally expand towards the cutting edge 2 on both sides after flowing into the tool tip 1, creating a stable flow trend. This gradual structure helps the coolant cover the entire cutting area, reducing local temperature differences and minimizing thermal fatigue cracks caused by excessive thermal gradients. Simultaneously, the stable flow of coolant within the grooves also forms a liquid film between the chip and the rake face, reducing the coefficient of friction and mitigating adhesive wear and oxidative wear.

[0054] In one embodiment, see Figure 5 As shown, the projection of the tip groove 13 onto the axial plane of the blade is arc-shaped, and the ratio of the arc chord length b to the arc radius R of the arc projection of the tip groove 13 is 0.8-3.1.

[0055] First, if the tip groove 13 adopts a broken line or angled transition structure, under the cyclic impact load and thermal cycling stress generated by high-speed cutting, stress concentration is easily formed at the sharp corner, becoming a microcrack initiation source, which in turn leads to chipping or crack propagation. Designing the groove as an arc shape, so that the bottom and sidewalls of the groove form a continuous and smooth curved surface transition, can effectively reduce the stress concentration factor, make the cutting load evenly distributed along the arc surface, thereby improving the impact resistance and thermal fatigue resistance of the tool tip 1.

[0056] Secondly, the ratio of chord length to radius directly determines the relative relationship between the opening width and the depth of the arc-shaped recess. When the ratio is controlled within the range of 0.8-3.1, it ensures that the groove has sufficient recess depth, thereby reducing the contact area between the tip flank 11 and the chip or machined surface, reducing frictional heat and wear, while also preventing the overall strength of the tool tip 1 from being affected by excessively large or small curvature. If the ratio is too small, it indicates a large radius and a gentle curvature, limiting the effect of the groove in reducing the contact area; if the ratio is too large, the curvature is too steep, which may weaken the local material thickness of the tool tip 1 and reduce its chipping resistance. Therefore, this ratio range reflects an optimized design that balances sharpness enhancement with strength maintenance.

[0057] Furthermore, from a heat dissipation and cooling perspective, the pointed groove 13 increases the effective surface area of ​​the blade tip 1 region and forms a curved structure that facilitates coolant adhesion and flow. After entering the groove, the coolant can form a continuous flow path along the arc surface, enhancing convective heat transfer efficiency. At the same time, the bottom of the arc does not form a sharp stagnant area, which helps to avoid local stagnation of coolant and improves heat dissipation uniformity.

[0058] In one specific embodiment, the ratio of the arc chord length to the arc radius of the arc projection of the tip groove 13 is preferably 1.2-2.7.

[0059] In one specific embodiment, the arc chord length b of the arc projection of the tip groove 13 is 0.3mm-0.4mm, and the arc radius R of the arc projection of the tip groove 13 is 0.15mm-0.25mm.

[0060] First, the arc chord length of 0.3mm-0.4mm determines the unfolded width of the tip groove 13 on the flank face, creating a localized material reduction zone in the tip 1 area. This width range is sufficient to reduce the actual contact bandwidth between the tip flank face 11 and the machined surface, thereby reducing the friction area, without expanding to affect the overall load-bearing cross-section of the cutting edge flank face 21. If the chord length is less than 0.3mm, the reduction effect of the tip groove 13 on the contact area is limited, and the friction reduction and cooling effects are not significant; if the chord length is greater than 0.4mm, it may lead to excessive removal of solid material in the tip 1 area, reducing impact resistance.

[0061] Secondly, considering the limitation of the arc radius of 0.15mm-0.25mm, this radius determines the curvature of the bottom of the tip groove 13. A smaller radius can create a more obvious concave effect, thereby enhancing the friction reduction and flow guiding capabilities. However, if the radius is too small, the curvature will be too steep, easily causing local stress concentration and weakening the thickness of the tip 1 section. Controlling the radius between 0.15mm and 0.25mm allows the groove curvature to effectively change the local geometry of the tip 1 while maintaining the smoothness of the arc transition, thus achieving uniform stress distribution under high-speed impact loads and reducing the risk of crack initiation.

[0062] Furthermore, this size range allows the tip groove 13 to form an appropriate volume space, facilitating coolant entry and wall-adhering flow within the groove. The chord length of 0.3mm-0.4mm, combined with a radius of 0.15mm-0.25mm, ensures that the tip groove 13 has sufficient opening area for coolant entry without creating excessively deep stagnant areas, thus promoting continuous flushing and heat exchange of the cutter tip 1 area by the coolant. This reduces the temperature rise of the cutter tip 1, inhibits built-up edge formation, and slows down oxidative and adhesive wear.

[0063] In one embodiment, see Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the tip rake face 11 and the tip flank face 12 form a small angle α, making the tool tip 1 section relatively sharp. During high-speed turning, the tool tip 1 first contacts the workpiece material, forming the initial cutting zone. The smaller angle α increases the sharpness of the tool tip 1, reduces the initial cutting resistance, decreases the peak cutting force, and reduces the plastic deformation of chips in the tool tip 1 region, thereby reducing frictional heat and cutting heat accumulation and improving the temperature rise conditions of the tool tip 1.

[0064] The large angle β between the flank face 21 and the rake face 22 of the cutting edge increases the thickness of the cutting edge section. During the main cutting stage, the cutting edge is subjected to continuous cutting force and frictional heat. The large β angle increases the thickness of the cutting edge material, enhances its resistance to bending, impact and thermal fatigue, reduces the risk of chipping and plastic deformation, and ensures long-term stable cutting.

[0065] Therefore, the geometric relationship of α < β achieves the functional zoning of tip sharpness and edge strength. This gradient angle design also improves the chip removal path, allowing chips to first form controlled curls in the tip 1 region and then smoothly slide to both sides of the edge, reducing the probability of chip accumulation and built-up edge formation.

[0066] In one specific embodiment, the angle between the tip flank face 11 and the tip rake face 12 is α < 90°, and the angle between the cutting edge flank face 21 and the cutting edge rake face 22 is β > 90°.

[0067] For the tool tip region 1, α < 90° makes the tool tip have an acute angle structure. This acute angle geometry can significantly improve the sharpness of the tool tip 1 in cutting the workpiece during high-speed cutting, and reduce the initial cutting resistance and the peak instantaneous cutting force. The acute angle tool tip 1 helps to concentrate cutting heat in the tool tip region 1, and with the tip groove 13 and chip groove 4, heat can be quickly discharged through chips and coolant, reducing local overheating of the tool tip 1, reducing plastic deformation and wear rate, thereby improving the stability and durability of the tool tip 1 in high-speed cutting.

[0068] For the cutting edge region, β > 90° results in an obtuse angle structure, increasing the thickness and cross-sectional material content of the cutting edge 2, thereby improving the insert's ability to withstand continuous cutting forces, frictional heat, and cyclic impact loads. The obtuse angle structure helps to disperse cutting forces and thermal stress, reducing the risk of plastic deformation and chipping of the cutting edge, and improving the wear resistance and service life of the insert during the main cutting stage.

[0069] In one specific embodiment, the tip rear face 11 and the cutting edge rear face 21 have a smooth transition, and the tip front face 12 and the cutting edge front face 22 have a smooth transition.

[0070] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments with the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of this application are included in the technical scope of this application. Furthermore, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other ways of constructing by combining some of the constituent elements of the embodiments, without departing from the spirit of this application, are also included in the scope of this application.

Claims

1. An indexable turning tool for high-speed machining, characterized in that, include: The blade tip (1) includes a rear cutting face (11) and a front cutting face (12). The cutting edge (2) includes a back face (21) and a front face (22). The tip back face (11) is recessed inward to form a tip groove (13), which extends to the junction of the tip back face (11) and the cutting edge back face (21).

2. The indexable turning insert for high-speed machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a blade top surface (3). In the radial outward direction of the blade, a chip groove (4) and a liquid flow groove (5) are formed sequentially between the blade top surface (3), the tip rake face (12), and the cutting edge rake face (22). In the same radial direction of the blade, the vertical distance between the liquid flow groove (5) and the blade top surface (3) is greater than the vertical distance between the chip groove (4) and the blade top surface (3).

3. The indexable turning insert for high-speed machining according to claim 2, characterized in that, The chip groove (4) is located in the area between the top surface (3) of the cutter and the front face (12) of the tip to form a first chip groove (41). The chip groove (4) is located in the area between the top surface (3) of the cutter and the front face (22) of the cutting edge to form a second chip groove (42). The vertical distance between the bottom surface of the first chip groove (41) and the top surface (3) of the cutter is smaller than the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the second chip groove (42) and the top surface (3) of the cutter.

4. The indexable turning insert for high-speed machining according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vertical distance between the bottom surface of the first chip groove (41) and the top surface of the cutter (3) is 0.2mm≤H1<0.3mm, and the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the second chip groove (42) and the top surface of the cutter (3) is 0.2mm 90°.

5. The indexable turning insert for high-speed machining according to claim 2, characterized in that, ​ 6. The indexable turning insert for high-speed machining according to claim 5, characterized in that, ​ 7. The indexable turning insert for high-speed machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, ​ 8. The indexable turning insert for high-speed machining according to claim 7, characterized in that, ​ 9. The indexable turning insert for high-speed machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, ​ 10. A type-indexable turning insert for high-speed machining according to claim 9, characterized in that, ​

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