Laser cutting device with material clamping structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser cutting device with a clamping structure, and relates to the technical field of sheet metal machining. Comprising two parallel rack bases, each rack base is slidably connected with a moving table, a transverse moving support is erected above the two moving tables, a connecting support is slidably connected to the upper portion of the transverse moving support, a movable support is vertically slidably connected to the front side of the connecting support, and a laser cutting head is installed at the front end of the movable support. Rigid-flexible composite self-adaptive material clamping assemblies synchronously following the laser cutting head are mounted on the left side and the right side of the movable bracket; a mounting frame is arranged between the two rack bases, a temperature control adsorption workbench assembly is movably mounted at the upper end of the mounting frame, and a self-adaptive moving position compensation assembly and a positioning detection assembly are mounted on the mounting frame. Real-time detection and automatic adjustment of clamping force are achieved through the rigid-flexible composite self-adaptive material clamping assembly, and thermal deformation active compensation is achieved through cooperation of the temperature control adsorption workbench assembly and the self-adaptive moving position compensation assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sheet metal processing technology, and more specifically to a laser cutting device with a clamping structure. Background Technology

[0002] Laser cutting is widely used in sheet metal processing of thin metal sheets due to its advantages such as high precision, high speed, and small heat-affected zone. During laser cutting, the stability of the clamping structure directly determines the cutting accuracy and product quality.

[0003] In the prior art, Chinese Patent No. CN220445393U discloses a "positioning and cutting device for sheet metal processing," which uses first and second positioning mechanisms on the lower mounting frame for positioning, and drives the laser cutting head and a single-cylinder clamping plate for clamping and cutting via a traveling mechanism on the upper mounting frame. However, the clamping structure of this device is a single-point hard contact clamping, lacking clamping force detection and buffering design. Thin sheet metal is prone to deformation due to excessive clamping force, while thick sheet metal is prone to displacement due to insufficient clamping force, and the clamping plate is prone to damaging the sheet metal surface. At the same time, the laser cutting head and the clamping mechanism move independently without follow-up clamping function, and the sheet metal is prone to warping under long strip cutting trajectories. In addition, the device does not have a thermal deformation compensation structure, and the deformation caused by thermal effects during the cutting process cannot be effectively controlled, affecting the cutting accuracy.

[0004] Another existing technology, Chinese Patent No. CN114571094B, discloses an "auxiliary device for sheet metal processing". As an external auxiliary structure of the laser cutting device, it realizes the transfer of finished products through a support base, a magnetic transfer part and a packaging part. However, it is only suitable for the transfer of circular pieces, and has poor adaptability to irregular and long strip sheet metal. In addition, it has no linkage with the cutting device and needs to be operated separately. The equipment occupies a lot of space and the processing process is complicated.

[0005] Therefore, there is currently no laser cutting device that can achieve adaptive clamping structure, linkage between clamping, cutting and thermal compensation depth, and maintain clamping stability throughout the laser cutting process. Summary of the Invention

[0006] 1. Technical problem to be solved: The purpose of this invention is to provide a laser cutting device with a clamping structure to solve the technical problems of poor adaptability of the clamping structure, lack of follow-up clamping function, lack of thermal deformation compensation, and cumbersome unloading and cleaning process in the prior art. It realizes the rigid-flexible composite adaptive clamping of the clamping structure, synchronous follow-up of the laser cutting head and the clamping component, real-time compensation for thermal deformation during the cutting process, and the linkage of the entire process of positioning-clamping-cutting-compensation-unloading.

[0007] 2. Technical Solution: To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0008] A laser cutting device with a clamping structure includes two parallel frame bases. A movable stage is slidably connected to each frame base. A horizontal moving bracket is mounted above the two movable stages. A connecting bracket is slidably connected above the horizontal moving bracket. A movable bracket is vertically slidably connected to the front side of the connecting bracket. A laser cutting head is mounted at the front end of the movable bracket. Rigid-flexible composite adaptive clamping components that move synchronously with the laser cutting head are mounted on the left and right sides of the movable bracket. A mounting frame is provided between the two frame bases, and the mounting frame is located below the laser cutting head. A temperature-controlled adsorption worktable assembly is slidably mounted on the upper end of the mounting frame via a sliding groove. An adaptive movement position compensation component for driving the temperature-controlled adsorption worktable assembly and a positioning detection component for detecting the position and temperature of the sheet metal part are mounted on the mounting frame.

[0009] Furthermore, the rigid-flexible composite adaptive clamping assembly includes clamping arms symmetrically fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the movable bracket. A rotary adjustment seat is installed at the end of the clamping arm, and a clamping small arm is fixedly connected to the other end of the rotary adjustment seat. A driving component for driving the clamping small arm to rotate is provided inside the rotary adjustment seat. An elastic buffer clamping head is installed at the end of the clamping small arm, and a clamping force closed-loop sensor is provided at the outer end of the elastic buffer clamping head.

[0010] Furthermore, the mounting bracket has a built-in through hole at its center, and two sliding grooves are provided at the upper end of the mounting bracket, with the two sliding grooves located on both sides of the built-in through hole.

[0011] Furthermore, the temperature-controlled adsorption workbench assembly includes a workbench slidably connected to the two slide grooves, with multiple magnetic adsorption blocks evenly installed on the upper end of the workbench, gaps forming between the multiple magnetic adsorption blocks, and negative pressure adsorption holes opened at the bottom of the gaps; a heat deformation compensation processing table is installed at the center of the workbench, and a temperature sensor is installed on the heat deformation compensation processing table.

[0012] Furthermore, the negative pressure adsorption hole is connected to a negative pressure generating device.

[0013] Furthermore, the adaptive movement position compensation component includes two electrically operated telescopic rods fixedly installed on one side of the mounting frame, and one electrically operated telescopic rod fixedly installed in the middle of the other side of the mounting frame.

[0014] Furthermore, the positioning detection component includes a height-adjustable gantry bracket fixedly connected to one end of the mounting frame. A crossbeam is slidably mounted on the side of the height-adjustable gantry bracket near the temperature-controlled adsorption workbench component. Two visual recognition modules and two ring-shaped supplementary lights are symmetrically mounted on the crossbeam. Multiple laser displacement sensors are mounted on the left and right edge ends of the mounting frame.

[0015] Furthermore, cable chains are installed between the mobile platform and the frame base, as well as between the connecting bracket and the transverse moving bracket.

[0016] 3. Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages: (1) Improved clamping stability and adaptability: Through the elastic buffer clamping head and clamping force closed-loop sensor of the rigid-flexible composite adaptive clamping assembly, the clamping force can be detected and automatically adjusted in real time to avoid damage to thin plates or displacement of thick plates; the rotating adjustment seat can rotate from 0 to 180° to adapt to multi-angle clamping of irregular sheet metal.

[0017] (2) Follow-up clamping to prevent warping: The rigid-flexible composite adaptive clamping component moves synchronously with the laser cutting head, and the clamping point always moves with the cutting area, effectively solving the problem of sheet metal warping under long strip cutting trajectory.

[0018] (3) Active compensation for thermal deformation: The temperature of the cutting area is detected in real time by the temperature sensor of the temperature control adsorption worktable component, and the adaptive moving position compensation component drives the worktable to make micron-level displacement adjustment to actively compensate for the thermal deformation of sheet metal and ensure cutting accuracy.

[0019] (4) Multi-source positioning improves accuracy: The positioning detection component adopts dual positioning of visual recognition module and laser displacement sensor to realize accurate recognition of sheet metal shape contour and position coordinates, providing accurate data for clamping and cutting.

[0020] (5) Composite fixing enhances stability: The magnetic adsorption block integrated on the worktable and the negative pressure adsorption hole form a composite fixing method of "magnetic attraction + negative pressure", which, together with the clamping component, achieves multi-dimensional stable clamping.

[0021] (6) Improve efficiency through full-process linkage: All components work together to achieve automated continuous operation from positioning, clamping, cutting, heat compensation to unloading, reducing manual intervention and improving processing efficiency.

[0022] It should be noted that the structures not described in this invention are not related to the design points and improvement directions of this invention, and are the same as or can be implemented using existing technologies, so they will not be elaborated here. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rigid-flexible composite adaptive clamping assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting bracket and temperature-controlled adsorption workbench assembly of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning and detection component structure of the present invention.

[0024] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 1. Frame base; 11. Moving table; 2. Lateral moving bracket; 21. Connecting bracket; 22. Movable bracket; 3. Laser cutting head; 4. Rigid-flexible composite adaptive clamping assembly; 41. Clamping arm; 42. Rotary adjustment seat; 43. Clamping forearm; 44. Elastic buffer clamping head; 45. Clamping force closed-loop sensor; 5. Mounting bracket; 51. Internal through hole; 52. Slide groove; 6. Temperature-controlled adsorption workbench assembly; 61. Workbench; 62. Magnetic adsorption block; 63. Gap; 64. Heat deformation compensation processing table; 65. Temperature sensor; 7. Adaptive movement position compensation component; 71. Electric telescopic pole one; 72. Electric telescopic pole two; 8. Positioning detection component; 81. Gantry bracket; 82. Horizontal frame; 83. Visual recognition module; 84. Ring fill light; 85. Laser displacement sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. These embodiments are based on the technical solution of the present invention and provide detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures; however, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Example 1

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a laser cutting device with a clamping structure, including two parallel frame bases 1. The frame bases 1 are welded from high-strength steel and have shock-absorbing pads at the bottom to ensure the stability of the equipment operation. Each frame base 1 is slidably connected to a moving stage 11 via a linear guide rail. The moving stage 11 is driven by a servo motor through a ball screw and can achieve longitudinal (Y-axis) movement.

[0027] A horizontal moving support 2 is mounted above the two moving platforms 11. The horizontal moving support 2 is a rectangular frame structure with linear guide rails on its crossbeams. A connecting support 21 is slidably connected above the horizontal moving support 2. The connecting support 21 is driven by a servo motor and can move horizontally (X-axis). A linear guide rail is vertically mounted on the front side of the connecting support 21, and a movable support 22 is slidably connected to it via a slider. The movable support 22 is driven by a servo motor and can move vertically (Z-axis). The above multi-axis moving structures together constitute a three-dimensional motion platform.

[0028] The front end of the movable bracket 22 is fixedly mounted with a laser cutting head 3 by bolts. The laser cutting head 3 is connected to a fiber laser generator, a focusing module and an auxiliary gas supply system for performing cutting operations.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, rigid-flexible composite adaptive clamping assemblies 4 are symmetrically installed on the left and right sides of the movable support 22. These assemblies move synchronously with the laser cutting head 3, i.e., they move synchronously with the movable support 22. The rigid-flexible composite adaptive clamping assembly 4 includes a clamping arm 41, which is fixed to the side of the movable support 22. A rotary adjustment seat 42 is installed at its end, containing a built-in servo motor that allows for 0-180° horizontal rotation. A clamping arm 43 is fixedly connected to the other end of the rotary adjustment seat 42. The clamping angle of the clamping arm 43 can be adjusted via the rotary adjustment seat 42 to accommodate sheet metal edges with different contours. An elastic buffer clamping head 44 is installed at the end of the clamping arm 43. The clamping surface of the elastic buffer clamping head 44 is covered with a high-temperature resistant silicone layer, and a spring buffer is embedded inside to buffer the clamping force and increase friction. A clamping force closed-loop sensor 45 is embedded in the outer end of the elastic buffer clamping head 44 to detect the clamping force in real time and feed it back to the control system.

[0030] like Figure 2-3 As shown, a mounting bracket 5 is provided between the two frame bases 1, and the mounting bracket 5 is located below the laser cutting head 3. A rectangular internal through hole 51 is provided in the center of the mounting bracket 5 to accommodate the equipment below and collect residue. Two parallel sliding grooves 52 are provided at the upper end of the mounting bracket 5, and the two sliding grooves 52 are located on both sides of the internal through hole 51.

[0031] The temperature-controlled adsorption workbench assembly 6 is movably mounted on the upper end of the mounting frame 5. Specifically, the workbench 61 is slidably connected to two slide grooves 52 via a slider, allowing it to move within the range of the slide grooves 52. Multiple magnetic adsorption blocks 62 are evenly installed on the upper end of the workbench 61. These magnetic adsorption blocks 62 are made of neodymium iron boron permanent magnets and are used to adsorb and fix ferromagnetic sheet metal parts. Gaps 63 are formed between the multiple magnetic adsorption blocks 62, and negative pressure adsorption holes are opened at the bottom of the gaps 63. These negative pressure adsorption holes are connected to a negative pressure generating device (such as a vacuum pump) via pipelines, used to adsorb non-ferromagnetic sheet metal parts or for auxiliary fixation. A heat deformation compensation processing table 64 is bolted to the center of the workbench 61. The heat deformation compensation processing table 64 is made of a high-temperature resistant metal plate, and a temperature sensor 65 is embedded in its center for real-time monitoring of the temperature of the cutting area.

[0032] like Figure 3 As shown, the adaptive movement position compensation component 7 is mounted on the mounting frame 5 and is used to drive the worktable 61 to make micro-displacement adjustments in the direction of the slide groove 52. Specifically, two electric telescopic rods 71 ​​are fixedly mounted on one side of the mounting frame 5, and the movable ends of the two electric telescopic rods 71 ​​are fixedly connected to one side of the worktable 61; an electric telescopic rod 72 is fixedly mounted in the middle of the other side of the mounting frame 5, and the movable end of the electric telescopic rod 72 is fixedly connected to the other side of the worktable 61. The three electric telescopic rods work together to realize the micro-movement and deflection adjustment of the worktable 61 in the horizontal plane, and the movement accuracy can reach the micrometer level.

[0033] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 As shown, the positioning detection component 8 is mounted on the mounting frame 5. Specifically, a height-adjustable gantry bracket 81 is fixedly connected to one end of the mounting frame 5. The height of the crossbeam of the gantry bracket 81 is adjustable to accommodate sheet metal of different thicknesses. A crossbeam 82 is slidably mounted on the side of the gantry bracket 81 near the temperature-controlled adsorption worktable component 6. The crossbeam 82 can move laterally on the gantry bracket 81. Two vision recognition modules 83 and two ring lights 84 are symmetrically mounted on the crossbeam 82. The vision recognition modules 83 use industrial cameras to identify the shape, contour, and cut position of the sheet metal. The ring lights 84 are used to provide uniform illumination. Multiple laser displacement sensors 85 are mounted on the left and right edge ends of the mounting frame 5. In this embodiment, four are mounted on each side to detect the position coordinates and thickness of the sheet metal.

[0034] Cable chains are installed between the moving platform 11 and the frame base 1, as well as between the connecting bracket 21 and the transverse moving bracket 2, to protect the follow-up cables and air pipes and prevent them from getting tangled and damaged during movement.

[0035] Work process The working process of this embodiment is as follows: 1. Loading and Positioning: The sheet metal to be processed is conveyed to the worktable 61 by an external loading mechanism. The positioning detection component 8 is activated, the laser displacement sensor 85 detects the edge coordinates of the sheet metal, and the vision recognition module 83 acquires the image of the sheet metal and identifies its shape and contour. The central controller receives the above data and calculates the precise pose of the sheet metal.

[0036] 2. Adaptive Clamping: Based on positioning data, the central controller plans the clamping position and clamping force threshold. The rigid-flexible composite adaptive clamping assembly 4 operates as follows: the rotating adjustment seat 42 drives the clamping arm 43 to rotate to a preset angle, and the clamping arm 41 descends with the movable bracket 22, causing the elastic buffer clamping head 44 to contact the edge of the sheet metal. The clamping force closed-loop sensor 45 detects the clamping force in real time, stopping the downward pressure when the preset threshold is reached, thus achieving adaptive clamping. Simultaneously, the magnetic adsorption block 62 adsorbs ferromagnetic sheet metal, and the negative pressure adsorption hole activates to adsorb non-ferromagnetic sheet metal, forming a multi-layered composite fixation.

[0037] 3. Follow-up cutting: The central controller plans the cutting trajectory based on the kerf data extracted by the vision recognition module 83. The moving stage 11, connecting bracket 21, and movable bracket 22 work together to drive the laser cutting head 3 and the rigid-flexible composite adaptive clamping assembly 4 to move synchronously and cut along the planned trajectory.

[0038] 4. Thermal Deformation Compensation: During the cutting process, temperature sensor 65 monitors the temperature change of the thermal deformation compensation processing table 64 in real time. The central controller has a built-in thermal deformation algorithm that calculates the theoretical thermal deformation amount in real time based on the temperature data. When the deformation amount exceeds the preset threshold, the adaptive moving position compensation component 7 controls the movement of the electric telescopic rod 71 and the electric telescopic rod 72, driving the worktable 61 to make micron-level displacement adjustments. This compensates for thermal deformation by moving the sheet metal parts, ensuring that the cutting trajectory coincides with the actual position.

[0039] 5. Unloading and Cleaning: After cutting, the laser cutting head 3 and the clamping assembly are reset. The magnetic adsorption block 62 is demagnetized, the negative pressure adsorption hole stops, and the rigid-flexible composite adaptive clamping assembly 4 is released. The external unloading mechanism removes the finished product. Residue on the worktable 61 can be sucked into the collection device through the negative pressure adsorption hole or cleaned by the external cleaning mechanism. Example 2

[0040] As another embodiment, unlike embodiment 1, the rigid-flexible composite adaptive clamping assembly 4 of this embodiment can be set in multiple sets, for example, two sets are set on each of the left and right sides of the movable bracket 22 to form a four-point clamping, which is suitable for larger or heavier sheet metal parts. Example 3

[0041] As another embodiment, unlike embodiment 1, the negative pressure adsorption hole in this embodiment can adopt a zoned control design, that is, the negative pressure adsorption hole on the workbench 61 is divided into multiple independent control areas, and the negative pressure of the corresponding area is automatically opened according to the sheet metal size to improve the adsorption efficiency.

[0042] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of specific implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser cutting device with a clamping structure, comprising two parallel frame bases (1), characterized in that, Each of the frame bases (1) is slidably connected to a moving stage (11). A horizontal moving bracket (2) is mounted above the two moving stages (11). A connecting bracket (21) is slidably connected above the horizontal moving bracket (2). A movable bracket (22) is vertically slidably connected to the front side of the connecting bracket (21). A laser cutting head (3) is installed at the front end of the movable bracket (22). Rigid-flexible composite adaptive clamping components (4) that move synchronously with the laser cutting head (3) are installed on the left and right sides of the movable bracket (22). A mounting frame (5) is provided between the two frame bases (1). The mounting frame (5) is located below the laser cutting head (3). A temperature-controlled adsorption worktable assembly (6) is slidably mounted on the upper end of the mounting frame (5) through a sliding groove (52). An adaptive moving position compensation component (7) for driving the temperature-controlled adsorption worktable assembly (6) and a positioning detection component (8) for detecting the position and temperature of sheet metal parts are installed on the mounting frame (5).

2. The laser cutting device with a clamping structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rigid-flexible composite adaptive clamping assembly (4) includes clamping arms (41) symmetrically fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the movable bracket (22). A rotary adjustment seat (42) is installed at the end of the clamping arm (41). A clamping small arm (43) is fixedly connected to the other end of the rotary adjustment seat (42). A driving component for driving the clamping small arm (43) to rotate is provided inside the rotary adjustment seat (42). An elastic buffer clamping head (44) is installed at the end of the clamping small arm (43). A clamping force closed-loop sensor (45) is provided at the outer end of the elastic buffer clamping head (44).

3. The laser cutting device with a clamping structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting bracket (5) has a built-in through hole (51) in the center and two sliding grooves (52) at the upper end of the mounting bracket (5), with the two sliding grooves (52) located on both sides of the built-in through hole (51).

4. A laser cutting device with a clamping structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The temperature-controlled adsorption workbench assembly (6) includes a workbench (61) slidably connected to two slide grooves (52). Multiple magnetic adsorption blocks (62) are evenly installed on the upper end of the workbench (61). A gap (63) is formed between the multiple magnetic adsorption blocks (62). A negative pressure adsorption hole is opened at the bottom of the gap (63). A heat deformation compensation processing table (64) is installed at the center of the workbench (61). A temperature sensor (65) is installed on the heat deformation compensation processing table (64).

5. A laser cutting device with a clamping structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The negative pressure adsorption hole is connected to a negative pressure generating device.

6. A laser cutting device with a clamping structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive movement position compensation component (7) includes two electric telescopic rods (71) fixedly installed on one side of the mounting frame (5), and one electric telescopic rod (72) fixedly installed in the middle of the other side of the mounting frame (5).

7. A laser cutting device with a clamping structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning detection component (8) includes a height-adjustable gantry bracket (81) fixedly connected to one end of the mounting frame (5). A crossbeam (82) is slidably installed on the side of the height-adjustable gantry bracket (81) near the temperature-controlled adsorption workbench component (6). Two visual recognition modules (83) and two ring lights (84) are symmetrically installed on the crossbeam (82). Multiple laser displacement sensors (85) are installed on the left and right edge ends of the mounting frame (5).

8. A laser cutting device with a clamping structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Cable chains are installed between the mobile platform (11) and the frame base (1), and between the connecting bracket (21) and the transverse moving bracket (2).

Images