Scale discharging device for electrochemical water treatment and control system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of scale discharging devices for water treatment, and particularly discloses a scale discharging device for electrochemical water treatment and a control system.The scale discharging device comprises a cylinder, the top of the cylinder is detachably connected with a top cover, the exterior of the cylinder is fixedly connected with a water inlet pipe, and the bottom of the cylinder is fixedly connected with a water drainage pipe; a water pumping pipe is further fixedly installed in the cylinder body, and a filter screen is fixedly connected into the cylinder body. The built-in filter screen can efficiently intercept solid impurities in circulating water and prevent the impurities from being attached to the surface of the electrode or embedded into a scale layer, the electric treatment assembly can promote directional deposition of calcium and magnesium ions on the cathode plate and prevent scale from being attached to the pipe wall of equipment, and the capacity expansion adjusting assembly can achieve rapid capacity expansion and pressure reduction of the barrel. A scale layer is stripped in a non-contact manner through a flash evaporation cavitation effect, a contact cleaning manner of scraping by a scraper is completely replaced, the damage to a polar plate coating is avoided, and the service life of an electrode is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrochemical water treatment equipment technology, and in particular to a scale removal device and control system for electrochemical water treatment. Background Technology

[0002] During industrial production, when circulating water systems operate for extended periods, calcium and magnesium ions in the water combine with bicarbonate ions to form hard, dense scale on the surfaces of pipes, heat exchangers, and electrode plates. Scale buildup leads to a significant decrease in heat exchange efficiency, a reduction in pipe cross-sectional area, and a substantial increase in energy consumption. In severe cases, it can cause pipe blockages and equipment corrosion perforation, directly impacting the continuity and safety of industrial production. Electrochemical descaling technology has emerged due to its advantages of being environmentally friendly and requiring no chemical additives. This technology uses an electric field to induce the directional deposition of calcium and magnesium ions on the cathode plate surface, forming a loose, easily peelable scale layer. This reduces scale adhesion to the equipment surface at its source, making electrochemical descaling devices the preferred solution in industrial circulating water treatment.

[0003] In existing electrochemical descaling systems, the scale layer on the cathode plate surface is mostly cleaned by manual scraping or automatic mechanical scraping. This technical solution has many intractable drawbacks:

[0004] First, scraping is a contact cleaning method. The hard contact between the scraper and the cathode plate surface can easily damage the catalytic coating on the plate surface. Once the coating is damaged, the electrochemical deposition efficiency will decrease, and the corrosion of the plate will be aggravated, which will significantly shorten the service life of the cathode plate and increase the cost of equipment replacement and maintenance.

[0005] Secondly, the timing and force of scraping with a scraper depend entirely on human experience or a preset fixed cycle, and cannot be precisely controlled according to the actual thickness of the scale. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In existing electrochemical descaling systems, the cleaning of scale on the cathode plate surface is mostly done by manual scraping or automatic mechanical scraping. This technical solution has many difficult-to-solve technical problems. This invention provides a scale removal device and control system for electrochemical water treatment.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: an electrochemical water treatment descaling device, comprising a cylinder, a top cover detachably connected to the top of the cylinder, an inlet pipe fixedly connected to the outside of the cylinder, a drain pipe fixedly connected to the bottom of the cylinder, a pumping pipe fixedly installed inside the cylinder, a filter screen fixedly connected inside the cylinder, the filter screen being located above the inlet pipe and the drain pipe, and an electrotreatment component and a capacity expansion and adjustment component also being provided inside the cylinder.

[0008] A further embodiment of the present invention is that the filter screen corresponding to the outside of the cylinder is provided with a cleaning port, and a side plate is detachably connected to the outside of the cleaning port. The electrical treatment assembly includes an insulating liner fixedly connected to the cylinder, a cathode plate and an anode plate fixedly connected to the insulating liner, and the cathode plate and anode plate are arranged alternately. The expansion adjustment assembly is a valve plate rotatably connected to the cylinder, and a sealing ring is provided on the outside of the valve plate. A motor is fixedly connected to the outside of the cylinder, and the output end of the motor is coaxially fixedly connected to the valve plate.

[0009] A further embodiment of the present invention is an electrochemical water treatment scale removal control system, the control system comprising a central integrated control module, a real-time monitoring module for total water hardness, an electrochemical directional deposition module, an online monitoring module for cathode plate scale thickness, a capacity expansion trigger drive module, a pressure and volume control module, a flash cavitation descaling module, and a scale uniformity monitoring and electric field adaptive adjustment module; the central integrated control module is a PLC control component.

[0010] A further provision of the present invention is that the real-time total hardness monitoring module for water liquid acquires the calcium ion concentration in the water liquid in real time by installing an ion-selective electrode sensor inside the cylinder. magnesium ion concentration After the ion-selective electrode sensor data is transmitted to the central integrated control module, the total hardness value is calculated using the total hardness calculation formula of the water liquid. This serves as the quantitative basis for adjusting the current density of the subsequent electrochemical deposition module and sets a scale trend warning threshold.

[0011] The formula for calculating the total hardness of water is as follows:

[0012]

[0013] in: Total hardness of water; Measured concentration of calcium ions in the aqueous solution; : Calcium ion hardness conversion factor; Measured concentration of magnesium ions in the aqueous solution; Magnesium ion hardness conversion factor;

[0014] Central integrated control module according to The current density of the electrochemical deposition module is adjusted in real time: when When the system determines the water to be of high hardness, it automatically increases the current density to 15 A / m². At that time, the current density was adjusted to 10A / m²; when At that time, the current density decreased to 5 A / m².

[0015] A further configuration of the present invention is that, based on the total hardness H value calculated by the real-time monitoring module of the total hardness of the water, the electrochemical directional deposition module sends an instruction to the DC power supply used to power the cathode plate and the anode plate by the central integrated control module, adjusts the power supply output parameters, applies a stable DC electric field to the anode plate and the cathode plate, and forms a uniform electric field distribution inside the cylinder.

[0016] A reduction reaction occurs on the surface of the cathode plate. The reaction equation is as follows:

[0017]

[0018]

[0019]

[0020] .

[0021] A further feature of the present invention is that the online monitoring module for cathode plate scale thickness forms multiple measuring points by uniformly embedding multiple first micro resistance sensors on the surface of the cathode plate, thereby monitoring the change in total resistance on the surface of the cathode plate in real time. The resistance signal is converted into a scale thickness value by using the scale thickness and the resistance correlation formula. When the thickness reaches a set threshold, an expansion trigger signal is automatically sent to the central integrated control module.

[0022] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0023]

[0024] in: Measured total resistance of the cathode plate surface; : Resistivity of scale layer on cathode plate surface; : Cathode plate length; : Effective area of ​​the cathode plate; The inherent resistance of the cathode substrate;

[0025] Formula for calculating scale thickness: The central integrated control module takes the average resistance value of the measuring points and substitutes it into the formula to calculate the real-time scale thickness. ;

[0026] when Immediately trigger the capacity expansion and descaling process; when At the same time, maintain the electrochemical deposition conditions.

[0027] A further provision of the present invention is that, after receiving the expansion trigger signal from the central integrated control module, the expansion trigger drive module automatically starts the motor to drive the valve plate to rotate around the shaft.

[0028] A further provision of the present invention is that the pressure and volume control module monitors the changes in pressure P and volume V inside the cylinder in real time during the expansion process by installing pressure sensors and volume sensors at the top of the cylinder. The central integrated control module calculates the theoretical value of pressure change through the ideal gas law and dynamically adjusts the valve plate rotation rate to ensure that the pressure drop rate is greater than 0.02 MPa / s, thus meeting the conditions for water flash evaporation.

[0029] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0030]

[0031] Where: P: real-time pressure inside the cylinder; V: real-time volume of the cylinder; n: amount of gas inside the cylinder; R: ideal gas constant; T: temperature of the water inside the cylinder;

[0032] During the expansion and depressurization process, the cylinder is a closed space, the water temperature remains constant, the amount of gas n remains unchanged, and the pressure P is inversely proportional to the volume V. The central integrated control module calculates the target pressure P based on the target volume V, i.e. .

[0033] A further feature of the present invention is that the flash cavitation descaling module, when the internal pressure of the cylinder... Down to When the water temperature is higher than the saturated vapor pressure under the corresponding pressure, violent flash evaporation occurs on the surface of the cathode plate, generating a large number of micron-sized cavitation bubbles. The bubbles expand rapidly and invade the interface between the scale layer and the electrode plate. Subsequently, they break up rapidly during the pressure recovery phase, releasing micro-jet streams and shock waves to achieve efficient removal of the scale layer.

[0034] The central integrated control module monitors the cavitation intensity through a cavitation intensity quantification formula to ensure a balance between the stripping effect and the electrode plate protection.

[0035] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0036]

[0037] Where: I: cavitation intensity; ΔP: pressure change; Δt: pressure change time.

[0038] The present invention is further configured such that: the scale uniformity monitoring and electric field adaptive adjustment module monitors the difference in scale thickness in different areas by setting multiple second micro-resistance sensors on the surface of the cathode plate, calculates the scale uniformity coefficient, and the central integrated control module adjusts the segmented current density of the anode plate in real time to eliminate electric field distortion and achieve uniform scale deposition on the surface of the cathode plate.

[0039] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0040] ;

[0041] in: : Scale uniformity coefficient; Maximum scale thickness on the cathode plate surface; Minimum scale thickness on the cathode plate surface; Average scale thickness on the cathode plate surface;

[0042] When K>20%, the central integrated control module determines that the electric field is distorted and immediately starts the segmented current adjustment program of the anode plate: the anode plate is divided into 6 segments into 3 independent control segments. The current density of the anode segment corresponding to the thick scale area of ​​the cathode plate is reduced by 10%-15%, and the current density of the anode segment in the thin scale area is increased by 10%-15%, until K<10%.

[0043] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0044] I. In this invention, the built-in filter can efficiently intercept solid impurities in the circulating water, preventing impurities from adhering to the electrode surface or embedding in the scale layer. The electrical treatment component can promote the directional deposition of calcium and magnesium ions on the cathode plate, preventing scale from adhering to the equipment pipe wall. The expansion and adjustment component can realize rapid expansion and pressure reduction of the cylinder. Through the flash cavitation effect, the scale layer is peeled off non-contactly, completely replacing the contact cleaning method of scraping with a scraper, eliminating damage to the electrode plate coating, and extending the service life of the electrode.

[0045] Second, this invention utilizes an online scale thickness monitoring module on the cathode plate to accurately determine scale thickness, automatically triggering an expansion-scale removal process. This completely eliminates reliance on manual experience and avoids incomplete or excessive scale removal. The expansion-scale, pressure-reducing flash cavitation descaling technology removes scale in a non-contact manner, preventing damage to the cathode plate coating from scrapers and extending the plate's lifespan. The scale uniformity monitoring and electric field adaptive adjustment module can eliminate electric field distortion by adjusting the segmented current density of the anode plate, achieving uniform scale deposition on the cathode plate and preventing a vicious cycle of localized scaling. Simultaneously, the system dynamically adjusts the current density based on water hardness, improving current utilization efficiency, reducing operating energy consumption, and eliminating the need for chemical additives throughout the process, thus preventing secondary water pollution at its source. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rear view structure of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of the valve plate after it is opened in this invention;

[0050] Figure 5 This is a top view of the insulating liner in this invention.

[0051] Figure 6 This is an illustration of anode plate segmentation in other embodiments of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 7 This is a demonstration of cathode plate segmentation in other embodiments of the present invention.

[0053] The diagram is marked as follows:

[0054] 1. Cylinder body; 2. Top cover; 3. Motor; 4. Valve plate; 5. Insulating lining; 6. Anode plate; 7. Cathode plate; 8. Filter screen; 9. Water inlet pipe; 10. Drain pipe; 11. Cleaning port; 12. Pumping pipe; 13. PTFE insulating partition. Detailed Implementation

[0055] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "front", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0056] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-7 The present invention will be further described below.

[0057] To address the problems existing in the background art, this application proposes the following technical solution: an electrochemical water treatment descaling device, comprising a cylinder 1, a top cover 2 detachably connected to the top of the cylinder 1, an inlet pipe 9 fixedly connected to the outside of the cylinder 1, a drain pipe 10 fixedly connected to the bottom of the cylinder 1, a pumping pipe 12 fixedly installed inside the cylinder 1, a filter screen 8 fixedly connected inside the cylinder 1, the filter screen 8 being located above the inlet pipe 9 and the drain pipe 10, and an electrochemical treatment component and a capacity expansion and adjustment component also being provided inside the cylinder 1.

[0058] In this embodiment, the cylinder 1 serves as a treatment container, providing a closed space for water treatment, scale formation, and removal. This ensures the stability of the electrochemical reaction and flash evaporation process, preventing water leakage or intrusion of external impurities. Its rigid structure can withstand pressure changes during flash evaporation, extending the device's lifespan. The top cover 2 features a detachable design, facilitating the inspection, replacement, and maintenance of components such as the electrochemical treatment components and filter 8 within the cylinder 1 without requiring complete disassembly, significantly reducing maintenance difficulty and downtime. The inlet pipe 9 and outlet pipe 10 respectively handle water input and output, forming a water circulation path suitable for continuous water treatment. The inlet pipe 9 precisely guides the water to be treated into the cylinder 1, while the outlet pipe 10 promptly discharges the treated, qualified water, ensuring a continuous treatment process. The filter 8, positioned above the inlet and outlet pipes 10, filters out suspended impurities before the water enters the electrochemical treatment stage, preventing impurities from adhering to the surfaces of the cathode plate 7 and anode plate 6 and affecting the efficiency of the electrochemical reaction. It also prevents impurities from clogging the pipes or interfering with subsequent scale removal, laying the foundation for efficient scale removal. The electrotreatment component uses electrochemical action to concentrate the scale in the water onto the surface of the cathode plate 7, achieving directional enrichment of scale and preventing random deposition of scale inside the equipment; the capacity expansion and adjustment component provides a key volume adjustment function for subsequent flash evaporation and scale removal.

[0059] In this embodiment, the filter screen 8 corresponding to the outside of the cylinder 1 is provided with a cleaning port 11. A side plate is detachably connected to the outside of the cleaning port 11. The electrical treatment component includes an insulating liner 5 fixedly connected inside the cylinder 1, a cathode plate 7 and an anode plate 6 fixedly connected inside the insulating liner 5, and the cathode plate 7 and the anode plate 6 are arranged alternately. The expansion adjustment component is a valve plate 4 rotatably connected inside the cylinder 1. A sealing ring is provided on the outside of the valve plate 4. A motor 3 is fixedly connected to the outside of the cylinder 1. The output end of the motor 3 is coaxially fixedly connected to the valve plate 4. Electric valves are installed in the water pumping pipe 12, the water inlet pipe 9 and the water outlet pipe 10.

[0060] The cleaning port 11, in conjunction with the detachable side plate, provides a convenient cleaning channel for the scale buildup on the filter screen 8. This allows for easy removal of scale without disassembling the cylinder 1, making the operation simple and efficient. It avoids the cumbersome process of traditional devices requiring shutdown and disassembly for scale removal. The insulating liner 5 effectively isolates the electrical connection between the cathode plate 7, anode plate 6, and cylinder 1, preventing current leakage that could lead to energy loss or equipment corrosion. Simultaneously, it ensures that the electrochemical reaction is concentrated between the plates, improving reaction efficiency and safety. The staggered arrangement of the cathode plate 7 and anode plate 6 increases the contact area between the plates and the water, allowing for a more complete electrochemical reaction. This ensures that scale in the water can quickly and evenly adhere to the surface of the cathode plate 7, achieving efficient scale accumulation. Compared to parallel-arranged plates, the staggered structure optimizes the electric field distribution, preventing uneven scale deposition caused by incomplete local reactions. As the core component for capacity expansion and regulation, valve plate 4 opens and closes the inner cavity of cylinder 1 and adjusts its volume through rotation. The sealing ring ensures the sealing performance of valve plate 4 when closed, preventing water leakage from affecting the expansion effect and pressure stability. Motor 3 provides precise power for the rotation of valve plate 4, enabling it to quickly rotate 90 degrees to complete the capacity expansion switch. The adjustment response is rapid, ensuring timely flash evaporation and descaling. The electric valve can precisely control the opening and closing of the inlet and outlet pipes 10. During the expansion and flash evaporation stage, the valve is closed to maintain a sealed environment inside cylinder 1, ensuring the pressure and temperature conditions required for flash evaporation. At the same time, the water input and discharge can be flexibly adjusted according to the processing progress, improving the automation and precision of the device operation.

[0061] The method of using this technical solution is as follows:

[0062] Check that the connections of the cylinder 1, top cover 2, and inlet / outlet pipes 10 are secure and leak-free; confirm that the side plate and cleaning port 11 are well sealed, and that the electric valve operates flexibly and reliably. Check that the insulating lining 5 is undamaged and free of leakage hazards; that the cathode plate 7 and anode plate 6 are clean and free of residual scale, and that the plate connections are secure. Confirm that the filter screen 8 is unblocked and undamaged, that the valve plate 4 rotates smoothly, that the sealing ring is intact, that the motor 3 operates normally, and that the circuit connection is stable.

[0063] Close and tighten the side plate of cleaning port 11 to ensure that cylinder 1 is sealed; open the electric valves on water inlet pipe 9 and drain pipe 10 to check that the water flow is smooth and there is no leakage. Connect the main power supply of the device, debug the electrical treatment components, and ensure that the electric field between the plates is stable and that the motor 3 and valve plate 4 are linked normally.

[0064] Water under pressure is supplied to the cylinder 1 through the inlet pipe 9. After being filtered by the filter screen 8, the water enters the electrode area. The electrotreatment component is activated to energize the cathode plate 7 and anode plate 6, maintaining a stable electrochemical reaction. This allows the scale to be deposited and adhered to the surface of the cathode plate 7. The treatment time is set according to the water treatment volume and the scale formation rate.

[0065] Once the set conditions are met, close the electric valves of the inlet pipe 9 and the drain pipe 10 to ensure that the cylinder 1 is sealed. Start the motor 3 to drive the valve plate 4 to rotate 90 degrees and open the upper cavity, completing rapid expansion. Utilize the flash evaporation effect to generate cavitation bubbles, achieving efficient separation of the scale layer from the cathode plate 7. The separated scale layer settles above the filter screen 8.

[0066] After the scale removal is completed, connect the water pump through the water pumping pipe 12 to extract the treated qualified water. Turn off the main power supply, open the side plate of the cleaning port 11, remove the scale layer accumulated on the surface of the filter screen 8, and close and tighten the side plate after cleaning. Start the motor 3 to drive the valve plate 4 to reset and close, open the electric valve of the water inlet pipe 9, and restore the water delivery and electrochemical treatment process.

[0067] Regularly check the cleanliness of the electrode plate surface; if stubborn scale is present, assist in cleaning to avoid affecting reaction efficiency. Regularly replace the sealing ring and inspect the valve plate 4 rotating mechanism to ensure expansion sealing and flexibility. Regularly clean the filter screen 8, check for damage, and replace damaged filter screens 8 promptly. Inspect the insulation liner 5 and the circuitry to eliminate potential leakage hazards and ensure safe equipment operation. Other possible embodiments include:

[0068] An electrochemical water treatment scale removal control system includes a central integrated control module, a real-time monitoring module for total water hardness, an electrochemical directional deposition module, an online monitoring module for cathode plate scale thickness, a capacity expansion trigger drive module, a pressure and volume control module, a flash cavitation descaling module, and a scale uniformity monitoring and electric field adaptive adjustment module; the central integrated control module is a PLC control component.

[0069] In this embodiment, the central integrated control module is specifically designed as follows:

[0070] The Siemens S7-1200 PLC is used as the core controller, integrating five major functions: data acquisition, logic operation, instruction issuance, fault early warning, and human-machine interaction, to achieve centralized control and coordinated linkage of all modules.

[0071] Core functional details:

[0072] Data acquisition layer: Real-time reception of sensor data from various modules, including water hardness, scale resistance, cylinder pressure, cavitation intensity, and scale uniformity coefficient, with a acquisition frequency of 1 time / second and a data storage period of 30 days.

[0073] Logic layer: Built-in core algorithm, substitutes sensor data into various formulas for calculation, automatically determines the system operating condition, and outputs instructions such as current density adjustment, capacity expansion trigger, and electric field adjustment.

[0074] Command sending layer: Sends control signals to actuators such as DC power supply, servo motor 3, and electric valve via RS485 bus, with a control accuracy of 0.1 level.

[0075] Fault warning layer: preset fault thresholds such as sensor open circuit, abnormal pressure, motor 3 overload. When triggered, the machine will stop immediately and issue an audible and visual alarm, while recording the fault code.

[0076] Human-computer interaction layer: Equipped with a 10-inch touch screen, supporting parameter settings such as scale thickness threshold and expansion ratio, real-time display of operating status, and historical data query.

[0077] The central integrated control module, serving as the core of the entire control system, integrates multiple key functions including data acquisition, logical operations, command issuance, fault early warning, and human-machine interaction, achieving centralized control and coordinated operation of all modules. This module can receive operational data from each functional unit in real time, and perform unified storage and processing, ensuring data integrity and traceability. Through built-in core algorithms, the module can automatically determine the system's operating condition and accurately issue various control commands, significantly reducing the need for manual intervention. Simultaneously, the preset fault early warning mechanism can promptly identify abnormal situations and trigger alarms, effectively preventing fault escalation and reducing the risk of system downtime. The accompanying human-machine interface supports parameter setting and status viewing, offering convenient and intuitive operation, improving system maintenance efficiency, and providing a solid guarantee for the stable and efficient operation of the control system.

[0078] In this embodiment, the real-time monitoring module for total hardness of the water is a core unit for adjusting the electrochemical deposition process. An ion-selective electrode sensor is installed at the outlet of the filter 8 to collect the concentration of calcium ions (Ca2+) in the water in real time. Magnesium ion (Mg2+) concentration After the ion-selective electrode sensor data is transmitted to the central integrated control module, the total hardness value is calculated using the total hardness calculation formula of the water liquid. This value serves as the quantitative basis for adjusting the current density of the subsequent electrochemical deposition module and sets a scale trend warning threshold.

[0079] The total hardness of the water is calculated as follows:

[0080]

[0081] in: Total hardness of water, in mmol / L; : Measured concentration of calcium ions in the aqueous solution, in mg / L; Calcium ion hardness conversion factor, valued at 2.5; : Measured concentration of magnesium ions in the aqueous solution, in mg / L; Magnesium ion hardness conversion factor, valued at 4.1.

[0082] Total hardness of water It is the core indicator that determines the scaling rate of cathode plate 7. The higher the value, the higher the enrichment of calcium and magnesium ions, and the faster the scaling rate on the cathode plate 7 surface. The central integrated control module... The current density of the electrochemical deposition module is adjusted in real time: when When the system determines the water to be of high hardness, it automatically increases the current density to 15 A / m². At that time, the current density was adjusted to 10A / m²; when At this point, the current density decreases to 5 A / m². Compared to existing technologies that rely on a fixed current density, this formula achieves dynamic control of electrochemical deposition, improving current efficiency by more than 30%.

[0083] In the above technical solution, the real-time total hardness monitoring module is the core basis for adjusting the electrochemical deposition operating conditions. It accurately captures key water quality indicators of the circulating water, providing reliable data support for subsequent process steps. This module can monitor water quality changes in real time and dynamically adjust the operating parameters of electrochemical deposition, avoiding the drawbacks of fixed-parameter operation, improving current utilization efficiency, and reducing energy waste. By setting a scaling trend warning threshold, the module can predict scaling risks in advance, controlling the deposition rate of calcium and magnesium ions from the source, and ensuring the stability of system operation. Furthermore, the module requires no additional chemical reagents, conforming to the concept of green and environmentally friendly operation, reducing the cost of subsequent water treatment, and laying the foundation for the efficient utilization of industrial circulating water.

[0084] In this embodiment, the electrochemical directional deposition module is the core functional unit for descaling in the system. Based on the total hardness H value calculated by the real-time monitoring module of total water hardness, the central integrated control module sends a command to the DC power supply to adjust the power supply output parameters and apply a stable DC electric field to the anode plate 6 (connected to the positive electrode) and the cathode plate 7 (connected to the negative electrode), forming a uniform electric field distribution inside the cylinder 1.

[0085] Module implementation details: The anode plate 6 uses a titanium-based lead dioxide coated electrode, and the cathode plate 7 uses a titanium-based nail dioxide coated electrode. The electrode spacing is designed to be 100mm to ensure that the electric field uniformly covers the water inside the cylinder 1. The insulating liner 5 effectively prevents the cylinder 1 from conducting electricity, ensuring that calcium and magnesium ions are only directionally deposited on the surface of the cathode plate 7.

[0086] A reduction reaction occurs on the surface of cathode plate 7. The reaction equation is as follows:

[0087]

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] ;

[0091] The resulting scale layer is a loose and porous aragonite-type calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide, which has a weak bond with the cathode plate 7, making it easy to remove after subsequent capacity expansion and pressure reduction.

[0092] In the above technical solution, the electrochemical directional deposition module is the core unit for the system to achieve descaling. By applying a stable DC electric field, it promotes the directional deposition of calcium and magnesium ions on the surface of the cathode plate 7, preventing scale formation on the equipment pipe walls and ensuring the heat exchange efficiency and service life of the equipment. The scale layer generated by this module has a loose and porous structure with weak adhesion to the cathode plate 7, creating favorable conditions for subsequent stripping operations. The entire process does not require the addition of chemical scale inhibitors or descaling agents, fundamentally avoiding secondary pollution caused by chemical agents and meeting the requirements of clean production. At the same time, the directional deposition method significantly improves the removal efficiency of calcium and magnesium ions, promotes the increase of circulating water concentration ratio, reduces the amount of fresh water replenishment, and provides a practical solution for industrial water conservation and emission reduction.

[0093] In this embodiment, the cathode plate scale thickness online monitoring module serves as the triggering unit for the capacity expansion and descaling process. Multiple first-stage micro-resistance sensors (BF350-M) are uniformly embedded on the surface of the cathode plate 7, with measuring points distributed at the top, middle, and bottom of the plate. These sensors monitor the change in total resistance on the plate surface in real time. The resistance signal is converted into a scale thickness value using the scale thickness and a resistance correlation formula. When the thickness reaches a set threshold of 50-80 μm, a capacity expansion trigger signal is automatically sent to the central integrated control module. Core formula and integrated application.

[0094] ;

[0095] in: The measured total resistance of cathode plate 7 is expressed in Ω. : Surface resistivity of scale layer on cathode plate 7, value ; 7. Length of the cathode plate, in meters (m). Effective area of ​​cathode plate 7, unit: ; : The inherent resistance of the cathode plate substrate, in Ω, is experimentally calibrated to 0.5Ω.

[0096] The scale deposited on the surface of cathode plate 7 has an insulating microcrystalline structure and its resistivity is... The total resistance of the electrode is much higher than that of the electrode substrate, therefore the total resistance of the electrode is much higher. It is positively correlated with the thickness of the scale layer.

[0097] The formula for calculating scale thickness can be obtained by transforming the formula: The central integrated control module takes the average resistance value of the three measuring points and substitutes it into the formula to calculate the real-time scale thickness. .when Immediately trigger the capacity expansion and descaling process; when At the same time, maintain the electrochemical deposition conditions.

[0098] In the above technical solution, the online monitoring module for cathode plate scale thickness enables precise monitoring of the scale state on the surface of cathode plate 7, completely eliminating the limitations of manual inspection and experience-based judgment, and effectively avoiding errors caused by manual judgment. This module can automatically trigger the descaling process when the scale reaches a suitable thickness, preventing problems such as increased electrode resistance and energy consumption caused by excessive scale thickness, and avoiding damage to the coating of cathode plate 7 caused by frequent descaling, significantly extending the service life of cathode plate 7. The module's real-time monitoring function ensures the continuity and stability of system operation, reduces downtime caused by manual inspection, and improves the efficiency of industrial production. At the same time, the precise triggering mechanism improves the targeting of the descaling process, reduces ineffective energy consumption of the system, and further optimizes operating costs.

[0099] In this embodiment, the capacity expansion trigger drive module is the power execution unit of the capacity expansion and voltage reduction process. After receiving the capacity expansion trigger signal from the central integrated control module, it automatically starts the motor 3 and drives the valve plate 4 to rotate around the shaft.

[0100] Motor 3 is an AC servo motor with a control accuracy of 0.1°. The output shaft of motor 3 is connected to the rotating shaft of valve plate 4 via a coupling. The central integrated control module sends pulse signals to motor 3, controlling valve plate 4 to rotate precisely 90° within 10-20 seconds, fully opening the cavity of cylinder 1 above valve plate 4. Valve plate 4 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene with an anti-corrosion coating. Sealing strips are installed on the edges of valve plate 4 to ensure the airtightness of cylinder 1 before expansion. The module is equipped with a photoelectric limit switch. When the rotation angle of valve plate 4 reaches 90°, the limit switch sends a signal, and motor 3 immediately stops running.

[0101] In the above technical solution: the expansion trigger drive module is the power execution unit for expanding the cylinder 1. It can accurately respond to the trigger signal of the central integrated control module and drive the valve plate 4 to complete the specified action. This module adopts a high-precision drive control method to ensure that the valve plate 4 rotates precisely to the set angle within a specified time, realizing the complete opening of the cylinder 1 cavity, and providing the necessary conditions for subsequent expansion and pressure reduction. The limit switch equipped in the module can effectively avoid the problem of valve plate 4 over-rotation or incomplete action, ensuring the safety and reliability of the mechanical structure operation and reducing the probability of mechanical failure.

[0102] In this embodiment, the pressure and volume control module is a key control unit for the flash cavitation effect. Pressure and volume sensors are installed at the top of the cylinder 1 to monitor the changes in pressure P and volume V inside the cylinder 1 in real time during the expansion process. The central integrated control module calculates the theoretical value of pressure change through the ideal gas law and dynamically adjusts the rotation speed of the valve plate 44 to ensure that the pressure drop rate is greater than 0.02 MPa / s, thus meeting the conditions for water flash evaporation.

[0103] in:

[0104] ;

[0105] Where: P: real-time pressure inside cylinder 1, in Pa; V: real-time volume of cylinder 1, in m³; n: amount of gaseous substance inside cylinder 1, in mol; R: ideal gas constant, valued at 8.314 J / (mol·K); T: temperature of water inside cylinder 1, in K.

[0106] During the expansion and depressurization process, cylinder 1 is a closed space, the water temperature T remains essentially constant, the amount of gas n remains unchanged, and the pressure P is inversely proportional to the volume V. The central integrated control module calculates the target pressure P based on the target volume V, i.e. By adjusting the rotation speed of valve plate 4, the pressure is ensured to drop sharply from 0.5MPa to 0.1MPa, with the pressure drop rate stabilized at 0.02-0.05MPa / s, thus improving the stability of the flash cavitation effect by 50%.

[0107] In the above technical solution, the pressure and volume control module is a key unit for ensuring the stable occurrence of the flash cavitation effect. It can monitor the pressure and volume changes inside the cylinder 1 in real time and dynamically adjust the rotation speed of the valve plate 4. This module, by precisely controlling the pressure change trend, ensures that the internal pressure of the cylinder 1 reaches the conditions required for flash cavitation, providing a stable environment for the flash cavitation of circulating water and ensuring the efficiency of cavitation bubble generation. Simultaneously, the module's control function avoids the impact of sudden pressure changes on the structure of the cylinder 1, improving the safety of equipment operation and extending the service life of the cylinder 1. Precise pressure and volume control also improves the stability of the flash cavitation effect, avoiding fluctuations in descaling effect due to parameter malfunction, laying a solid foundation for the subsequent efficient removal of scale.

[0108] In this embodiment, the flash cavitation descaling module is the core execution unit for scale removal. When the internal pressure P of the cylinder 1 suddenly drops to the target P of 0.1 MPa, the water temperature is higher than the saturated vapor pressure at the corresponding pressure, resulting in intense flash evaporation on the surface of the cathode plate 7. This generates a large number of micron-sized cavitation bubbles. These bubbles rapidly expand and invade the interface between the scale layer and the electrode plate. Subsequently, they rapidly rupture during the pressure recovery phase, releasing micro-jets and shock waves, achieving efficient scale removal. Module implementation details: The surface of the cathode plate 7 is roughened to a roughness Ra=1.6μm to promote the nucleation of cavitation bubbles in the scale gaps. The central integrated control module monitors the cavitation intensity using a cavitation intensity quantification formula to ensure a balance between the removal effect and electrode plate protection. Core formula and integrated application.

[0109] ;

[0110] Where: I: cavitation intensity, unit is MPa / s; ΔP: pressure change, unit is MPa; Δt: pressure change time, unit is s.

[0111] Cavitation intensity I is a key indicator determining the scale removal effect and electrode safety. An I value exceeding 0.05 MPa / s will damage the cathode plate coating, while an I value below 0.02 MPa / s will prevent effective scale removal. The central integrated control module calculates the value using a formula and adjusts the valve plate rotation speed in real time, precisely controlling the I value within the optimal range of 0.02-0.05 MPa / s, achieving a scale removal efficiency of over 98%.

[0112] In the above technical solution, the flash cavitation descaling module is the core execution unit for achieving scale removal. Utilizing the flash effect triggered by a sudden pressure drop, a large number of micron-sized bubbles are generated on the surface of the cathode plate 7. The force generated by the expansion and collapse of these bubbles achieves scale removal. This module employs a non-contact descaling method, avoiding damage to the coating on the cathode plate 7 surface caused by mechanical scraping, significantly extending the service life of the cathode plate 7. The bubbles act on the interface between the scale layer and the electrode plate, resulting in a thorough and uniform removal effect, effectively removing loose scale and ensuring the efficiency of subsequent electrochemical reactions on the cathode plate 7. The entire descaling process requires no chemical reagents, conforming to the concept of green environmental protection, reducing the cost of secondary pollution treatment, and improving the environmental friendliness of the system.

[0113] Alternatively, as other embodiments, without affecting the normal implementation of the above technical solutions, the following technical solutions are also included:

[0114] It also includes a corresponding scale uniformity monitoring and electric field adaptive adjustment module: by embedding two second micro resistance sensors on the surface of the cathode plate 7, the difference in scale thickness in different areas of the cathode plate 7 is monitored, the scale uniformity coefficient is calculated, and the segmented current density of the anode plate 6 is adjusted in real time by the central integrated control module to eliminate electric field distortion and achieve uniform scale deposition on the surface of the cathode plate 7, thus solving the problem of excessive local scale in the existing technology.

[0115] in:

[0116] ;

[0117] in: : Scale uniformity coefficient, in percentages (%) : Maximum scale thickness on cathode plate 7, in μm; : Minimum scale thickness on the surface of cathode plate 7, in μm; : Average scale thickness on the surface of cathode plate 7, in μm.

[0118] The uniformity coefficient K is a key indicator for evaluating the scaling state of the cathode plate 7. The smaller the K value, the more uniform the scale distribution. When K > 20%, the central integrated control module determines that there is an electric field distortion and immediately starts the segmented current adjustment program for the anode plate 6: the anode plate 6 is divided into 3 independent control segments. The current density of the anode segment corresponding to the thick scale area of ​​the cathode plate 7 is reduced by 10%-15%, and the current density of the anode segment corresponding to the thin scale area is increased by 10%-15%, until K < 10%.

[0119] The first and second miniature resistance sensors can be of the following types:

[0120] The following are applicable models: AVIC Electromechanical BF350-M miniature foil resistor sensor, Shenzhen Minchuang Electronics MF52-100K miniature NTC thermistor sensor, Shanghai Chenzhu CZ3000 miniature resistor signal sensor, or miniature thin film resistor sensor, or other publicly known applicable models, subject to actual needs.

[0121] The specific implementation method of current density control in 6 segments of the anode plate:

[0122] Among them, based on the scale uniformity monitoring and electric field adaptive adjustment module, through the three-level architecture of hardware segmentation modification of anode plate 6, independent power supply configuration, and PLC precise control, the differential adjustment of current density of different anode segments is realized, and the scale uniformity coefficient K of cathode plate 7 is ultimately controlled within 10%.

[0123] I. Hardware modification and supporting component configuration for the 6-segment anode plate;

[0124] 1. Anode plate with 6 segments, reference Figure 6 Exhibition design;

[0125] The anode plate 6 is vertically divided into three independent control sections: upper, middle, and lower. These sections are isolated by 2mm thick polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) insulating partitions 13 to ensure no current flow between them. The effective area of ​​each anode section perfectly matches the area of ​​the corresponding cathode plate 7 region, ensuring a targeted electric field distribution.

[0126] 2. Independent power supply and detection component configuration;

[0127] Each anode segment is equipped with an independent power supply and detection branch, the specific components of which include:

[0128] Independent DC power supply branches: All three DC power supplies are connected to the central integrated control module PLC via RS485 bus, supporting independent adjustment of current density with an adjustment accuracy of 0.1A / m².

[0129] Current detection sensor: A Hall current sensor is connected in series on each power supply branch to collect the actual output current of each anode segment in real time and feed it back to the PLC for closed-loop control.

[0130] Insulation fixing structure: Each anode section is fixed to the insulating lining 5 inside the cylinder 1 by an insulating bracket, maintaining electrical isolation from the cylinder 1 and other sections to avoid electric field interference.

[0131] 3. Matching of the seven measuring points on the cathode plate with the anode segments, refer to... Figure 7 Exhibition design;

[0132] Two second miniature resistance sensors are embedded in each of the upper, middle, and lower regions of the cathode plate 7 surface, forming six monitoring points. The average value of the data from the two monitoring points in each region is used as the basis for the control of the corresponding anode segment. The specific correspondence is as follows:

[0133] Data from measuring points on the upper section of cathode plate 7 → Current density adjustment on the upper section of anode plate 6;

[0134] Data from measuring points in the middle section of cathode plate 7 → Current density adjustment in the middle section of anode plate 6;

[0135] Data from measuring points at the lower section of cathode plate 7 → Current density adjustment at the lower section of anode plate 6;

[0136] II. Control system parameter setting and logic programming;

[0137] PLC control program: Add an anode segmented current regulation subroutine to the PLC program of the central integrated control module. This subroutine contains three core functions:

[0138] Scale uniformity coefficient calculation function: The PLC collects scale thickness data in real time from the upper, middle and lower regions of the cathode plate 7, and substitutes it into the formula. Calculate the uniformity coefficient The data acquisition frequency is 1 time per second.

[0139] Control threshold setting function: presets two key thresholds, i.e., the activation control threshold. Stop the control threshold ,when The control program will automatically start when... Stop regulating and maintain the current current density.

[0140] Current density adjustment range limiting function: Set the single adjustment range to 10%-15% to avoid sudden changes in current density that could cause violent fluctuations in the electric field. At the same time, set the upper and lower limits of current density for each segment from 5A / m² to 15A / m² to ensure safe operation.

[0141] Current density control logic rules: Based on the differences in scale thickness in different areas of the cathode plate 7, the PLC follows the principle of "thick scale areas correspond to reduced current in the anode section, and thin scale areas correspond to increased current in the anode section," and formulates the following control rules:

[0142] Step 1: Compare the scale thickness in the upper, middle, and lower regions of cathode plate 7 to determine... Maximum thickness area and Minimum thickness region.

[0143] Step 2: For The corresponding anode segment reduces the current density by 10%-15%, weakens the electric field strength in the region, and slows down the deposition rate of calcium and magnesium ions.

[0144] Step 3: [Regarding...] The corresponding anode segmentation increases the current density by 10%-15%, enhances the electric field strength in the region, and accelerates the deposition rate of calcium and magnesium ions.

[0145] Step 4: Thickness is at average value In the vicinity of the anode segment, the current current density is maintained.

[0146] III. Execution process of segmented current density control;

[0147] Data acquisition and uniformity determination: The second miniature resistance sensor on the cathode plate 7 collects the scale thickness data of each area in real time and transmits it to the central integrated control module.

[0148] The central integrated control module calculates the uniformity coefficient K. If K > 20%, the anode segment current regulation program is immediately started; if K ≤ 20%, the initial current density of each anode segment is maintained.

[0149] Control command issuance and current adjustment: Based on the comparison results of scale thickness, the central integrated control module determines the anode segment that needs adjustment and sends a current density adjustment command to the corresponding DC power supply branch.

[0150] For example, if the scale layer thickness is greatest in the upper section of cathode plate 7 and smallest in the lower section, the central integrated control module instructs the current density of the upper section of the anode to decrease by 12%, the current density of the lower section of the anode to increase by 12%, and the current density of the middle section of the anode to remain unchanged.

[0151] During the current adjustment process, the Hall current sensor provides real-time feedback on the actual current value, and the central integrated control module makes fine adjustments based on the feedback value to ensure that the current density accurately reaches the target value.

[0152] Effect verification and cycle control: After the current adjustment is completed, the system continuously monitors the change in scale thickness in each area of ​​the cathode plate 7 and recalculates the uniformity coefficient K every 5 minutes.

[0153] If the calculation result shows that K is still greater than 10%, repeat the above control steps until K < 10%, then the PLC stops control and locks the current density parameters of each anode segment.

[0154] When the system enters the next electrochemical deposition cycle, the central integrated control module automatically reads the optimal current density parameters of the previous cycle as the initial operating parameters to improve the control efficiency.

[0155] IV. Security Protection and Anomaly Handling Mechanisms;

[0156] 1. Current overload protection: When the current of a certain anode section exceeds the set upper limit of 15A / m², the central integrated control module immediately cuts off the power supply of that branch and issues an audible and visual alarm to prevent the electrode plate from being damaged by overheating due to overcurrent.

[0157] 2. Sensor fault protection: If a miniature resistance sensor in a certain area experiences an open circuit or abnormal data, the central integrated control module will automatically adjust the current density of the corresponding anode segment to the average value to ensure continuous system operation.

[0158] 3. Control Timeout Protection: If the control program runs for more than 30 minutes and K still has not dropped below 10%, the central integrated control module will determine that the system is abnormal, issue an alarm signal and record fault data to facilitate maintenance personnel to troubleshoot the problem.

[0159] In the above technical solution, the scale uniformity monitoring and electric field adaptive adjustment module is an innovative unit that enhances system stability and long-term effectiveness. It can monitor the scale distribution in different areas of the cathode plate 7 in real time and promptly detect electric field distortion problems. This module optimizes the electric field distribution by adjusting the segmented current density of the anode plate 6, achieving uniform scale deposition on the surface of the cathode plate 7 and avoiding electrode performance degradation or equipment failure caused by excessively thick local scale. Uniform scale distribution ensures balanced stress on the cathode plate 7, reducing damage caused by localized stress concentration and extending the plate's service life. Simultaneously, the adaptive adjustment of the electric field improves current utilization efficiency, reduces ineffective energy consumption, further optimizes system operating costs, and promotes the development of electrochemical descaling technology towards greater efficiency and stability.

[0160] The usage method of this embodiment is as follows:

[0161] Before starting the system, a comprehensive equipment inspection must be completed. First, confirm that the top cover 2 of the cylinder 1 is securely sealed, and that there are no leaks in the connection between the water inlet pipe 9 and the drain pipe 10 on the outside of the cylinder 1. At the same time, check that the electric valves on the drain pipe 10 and the water inlet pipe 9 are functioning normally. Then, check whether the side plate of the cleaning port 11 on the side of the cylinder 1 is installed in place to avoid water leakage.

[0162] Next, the core components inside the cylinder 1 were inspected to confirm that the filter screen 8 was securely installed and free of blockages, that the cathode plate 7 and anode plate 6 were arranged in an alternating pattern, and that there was no obvious damage or residual dirt on the surface of the plates. At the same time, the connection between the valve plate 4 and the motor 3 was checked to ensure it was secure, and that the sealing ring on the surface of the valve plate 4 was undamaged.

[0163] After completing the hardware check, start the central integrated control module and check the connection status of each sensor and controller to ensure that the ion selective electrode sensor, miniature resistance sensor, pressure sensor and volume sensor can all provide normal feedback signals, and that the servo motor 3, DC power supply and other actuators respond normally.

[0164] After completing the preparation work, open the electric valve of the water inlet pipe 9, and the water to be treated and under certain pressure is transported into the cylinder 1 through the water inlet pipe 9. When the water flows through the filter screen 8 inside the cylinder 1, solid impurities in the water will be intercepted by the filter screen 8, preventing impurities from adhering to the surface of the cathode plate 7 and anode plate 6, and preventing impurities from embedding into the scale layer formed later, which would affect the subsequent stripping effect.

[0165] During this process, the central integrated control module monitors the pressure difference across the filter screen 8 in real time. If an abnormal increase in pressure difference occurs, the system will automatically initiate a backwashing procedure to ensure stable filtration performance. After water filtration is complete, the inlet pipe 9 valve remains open to maintain the normal liquid level inside the cylinder 1.

[0166] After the water pretreatment is completed, the real-time monitoring module for total water hardness starts to operate. It collects relevant ion indicators in the water through ion-selective electrode sensors. The collected data is transmitted to the central integrated control module, which determines the current water quality status and adjusts the operating parameters of the electrochemical directional deposition module accordingly.

[0167] The DC power supply is then activated, applying a stable DC electric field to the anode plate 6 and cathode plate 7. The insulating liner 5 inside the cylinder 1 prevents the cylinder 1 from participating in the electrode reaction, ensuring that the electric field acts only on the water between the anode and cathode plates 6. Under the action of the electric field, relevant ions in the water undergo a reduction reaction on the surface of the cathode plate 7, generating a loose and porous scale layer. This scale layer has a weak bond with the cathode plate 7, facilitating subsequent stripping.

[0168] After a scale layer forms on the surface of the cathode plate 7, the online monitoring module for the scale layer thickness of the cathode plate starts to work. Through the first miniature resistance sensor embedded on the surface of the cathode plate 7, it monitors the resistance change of the plate surface in real time and converts the resistance signal into scale layer thickness data.

[0169] The central integrated control module continuously receives thickness monitoring data. When the scale thickness reaches a preset threshold, the system automatically triggers the expansion and descaling process, sending a start signal to the expansion trigger drive module. If the scale thickness does not reach the threshold, the system maintains the electrochemical deposition condition and continues ion-oriented deposition.

[0170] After receiving the start signal, the expansion trigger drive module automatically starts the motor 3. The motor 3 drives the valve plate 4 to rotate around the shaft until the valve plate 4 rotates to the specified angle, which fully opens the inner cavity of the cylinder 1 above the valve plate 4, thus completing the rapid expansion of the volume of the cylinder 1.

[0171] During the expansion process, the pressure and volume control module monitors the pressure and volume changes inside the cylinder 1 in real time through pressure and volume sensors. The central integrated control module dynamically adjusts the rotation speed of the valve plate 4 based on the monitoring data to ensure that the pressure inside the cylinder 1 reaches the conditions required for flash evaporation.

[0172] When the pressure inside the cylinder 1 drops to the target value, the water undergoes violent flash evaporation on the surface of the cathode plate 7, generating a large number of micron-sized cavitation bubbles. The bubbles rapidly expand and penetrate the interface between the scale layer and the cathode plate 7, and then rapidly rupture during the pressure recovery phase, releasing microjets and shock waves to efficiently peel off the scale layer on the surface of the cathode plate 7.

[0173] During this process, the central integrated control module monitors the cavitation intensity to ensure the stripping effect while avoiding damage to the surface coating of the cathode plate 7 due to excessive cavitation intensity.

[0174] Throughout the electrochemical deposition and descaling process, the scale uniformity monitoring and electric field adaptive adjustment module runs continuously. Through the miniature resistance sensor on the surface of the cathode plate 7, it monitors the difference in scale thickness in different areas of the plate and calculates the scale uniformity index.

[0175] If the system determines that there is electric field distortion or uneven scale distribution, the central integrated control module will start the segmented current adjustment program of anode plate 6 to adjust the current density of different segments of anode plate 6, thereby optimizing the electric field distribution in cylinder 1, promoting uniform scale deposition on the surface of cathode plate 7, and avoiding excessive local scale buildup that could affect system operating efficiency.

[0176] After the scale layer is peeled off, the scale particles will accumulate on top of the filter screen 8. After completing one descaling process, close the electric valves of the inlet pipe 9 and the drain pipe 10 to stop the system operation, open the side plate of the cleaning port 11 on the side of the cylinder 1, and clean the scale particles accumulated on the surface of the filter screen 8.

[0177] In summary, the present invention provides an online monitoring module for scale thickness on the cathode plate. By embedding a miniature resistance sensor on the surface of the cathode plate 7 and combining resistance and thickness correlation calculations, the system can achieve real-time and accurate monitoring of scale thickness. The system can automatically trigger the capacity expansion and descaling process according to a preset threshold, completely eliminating reliance on manual experience, significantly reducing errors in judging the timing of descaling, avoiding equipment failures caused by incomplete or excessive descaling, and extending the service life of the cathode plate 7.

[0178] This invention is equipped with a pressure and volume control module. It collects data inside the cylinder in real time through pressure and volume sensors, calculates the theoretical value of pressure change by combining the ideal gas law, and dynamically adjusts the rotation speed of valve plate 4 to ensure that the rate of pressure drop inside the cylinder is stable within a reasonable range, meets the critical conditions for flash evaporation of circulating water, ensures uniform generation and collapse of cavitation bubbles, improves the efficiency and stability of scale removal, and avoids fluctuations in descaling effect due to parameter malfunction.

[0179] This invention uses a central integrated control module as its core, linking a real-time water hardness monitoring module and an electrochemical directional deposition module. It can dynamically adjust the current density according to changes in the hardness of the circulating water. In high-hardness water, the current density is increased to accelerate ion deposition, while in low-hardness water, the current density is reduced to decrease energy consumption. This achieves intelligent adaptation to the system's operating conditions, significantly improving current utilization efficiency and reducing overall operating energy consumption.

[0180] This invention incorporates a scale uniformity monitoring and electric field adaptive adjustment module. By using multi-point sensors to monitor the scale thickness differences in different areas of the cathode plate 7 and calculate the scale uniformity coefficient, the system automatically adjusts the segmented current density of the anode plate 6 when electric field distortion is detected. This optimizes the electric field distribution within the cylinder, promotes uniform scale deposition on the surface of the cathode plate 7, avoids electrode performance degradation caused by excessive local scale buildup, further extends the service life of the electrode plate, and improves the long-term operational stability of the system.

[0181] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0182] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, the scope of the invention will be defined by the appended claims and their equivalents by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A scale removal device for electrochemical water treatment, characterized in that, The device includes a cylinder (1), a top cover (2) is detachably connected to the top of the cylinder (1), an inlet pipe (9) is fixedly connected to the outside of the cylinder (1), a drain pipe (10) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cylinder (1), a pumping pipe (12) is also fixedly installed in the cylinder (1), a filter screen (8) is fixedly connected inside the cylinder (1), the filter screen (8) is located above the inlet pipe (9) and the drain pipe (10), and an electrical treatment component and a capacity adjustment component are also provided inside the cylinder (1).

2. The scale removal device for electrochemical water treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filter screen (8) corresponding to the outside of the cylinder (1) is provided with a cleaning port (11). A side plate is detachably connected to the outside of the cleaning port (11). The electrical treatment component includes an insulating liner (5) fixedly connected inside the cylinder (1), a cathode plate (7) and an anode plate (6) fixedly connected inside the insulating liner (5). The cathode plate (7) and the anode plate (6) are arranged alternately. The expansion adjustment component is a valve plate (4) rotatably connected inside the cylinder (1). A sealing ring is provided on the outside of the valve plate (4). A motor (3) is fixedly connected to the outside of the cylinder (1). The output end of the motor (3) is coaxially fixedly connected to the valve plate (4).

3. A scale removal control system for electrochemical water treatment, characterized in that, The electrochemical water treatment descaling device according to claim 2 includes a control system comprising a central integrated control module, a real-time monitoring module for total water hardness, an electrochemical directional deposition module, an online monitoring module for cathode plate scale thickness, a capacity expansion trigger drive module, a pressure and volume control module, a flash cavitation descaling module, and a scale uniformity monitoring and electric field adaptive adjustment module; the central integrated control module is a PLC control component.

4. The scale removal control system for electrochemical water treatment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The real-time monitoring module for total hardness of the water liquid collects the calcium ion concentration in the water liquid in real time by installing an ion-selective electrode sensor inside the cylinder (1). magnesium ion concentration After the ion-selective electrode sensor data is transmitted to the central integrated control module, the total hardness value is calculated using the total hardness calculation formula of the water liquid. This serves as the quantitative basis for adjusting the current density of the subsequent electrochemical deposition module and sets a scale trend warning threshold. The formula for calculating the total hardness of water is as follows: in: Total hardness of water; Measured concentration of calcium ions in the aqueous solution; : Calcium ion hardness conversion factor; Measured concentration of magnesium ions in the aqueous solution; Magnesium ion hardness conversion factor; Central integrated control module according to The current density of the electrochemical deposition module is adjusted in real time: when When the system determines the water to be of high hardness, it automatically increases the current density to 15 A / m². At that time, the current density was adjusted to 10A / m²; when At that time, the current density decreased to 5 A / m².

5. A scale removal control system for electrochemical water treatment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The electrochemical directional deposition module, based on the total hardness H value calculated by the real-time monitoring module of total water hardness, sends an instruction from the central integrated control module to the DC power supply used to power the cathode plate (7) and anode plate (6), adjusts the power supply output parameters, applies a stable DC electric field to the anode plate (6) and cathode plate (7), and forms a uniform electric field distribution inside the cylinder (1). A reduction reaction occurs on the surface of the cathode plate (7), and the reaction equation is as follows: 。 6. The scale removal control system for electrochemical water treatment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The online monitoring module for scale thickness of the cathode plate (7) forms multiple measuring points by uniformly embedding multiple first micro resistance sensors on the surface of the cathode plate (7), and monitors the change of total resistance on the surface of the plate in real time. The resistance signal is converted into scale thickness value by the scale thickness and the resistance correlation formula. When the thickness reaches the set threshold, the module automatically sends an expansion trigger signal to the central integrated control module. The calculation formula is as follows: in: Measured total resistance of cathode plate (7) surface; : Surface resistivity of scale layer on cathode plate (7); : Cathode plate (7) plate length; : Cathode plate (7) Effective area of ​​the plate; The inherent resistance of the cathode plate (7) substrate; Formula for calculating scale thickness: The central integrated control module takes the average resistance value of the measuring points and substitutes it into the formula to calculate the real-time scale thickness. ; when Immediately trigger the capacity expansion and descaling process; when At the same time, maintain the electrochemical deposition conditions.

7. A scale removal control system for electrochemical water treatment according to claim 6, characterized in that, After receiving the expansion trigger signal from the central integrated control module, the expansion trigger drive module automatically starts the motor (3) to drive the valve plate (4) to rotate around the shaft.

8. A scale removal control system for electrochemical water treatment according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pressure and volume control module monitors the changes in pressure P and volume V inside the cylinder (1) in real time during the expansion process by installing pressure and volume sensors at the top inside the cylinder (1). The central integrated control module calculates the theoretical value of pressure change through the ideal gas state equation and dynamically adjusts the rotation speed of the valve plate (4). The calculation formula is as follows: Where: P: real-time pressure inside cylinder (1); V: real-time volume of cylinder (1); n: amount of gas inside cylinder (1); R: ideal gas constant; T: temperature of water inside cylinder (1); During the expansion and depressurization process, the cylinder (1) is a closed space, the water temperature remains constant, the amount of gas n remains unchanged, and the pressure P is inversely proportional to the volume V. The central integrated control module calculates the target pressure P based on the target volume V, i.e. .

9. A scale removal control system for electrochemical water treatment according to claim 8, characterized in that, The flash cavitation descaling module operates when the internal pressure of the cylinder (1) is... Down to When the water temperature is higher than the saturated vapor pressure under the corresponding pressure, violent flash evaporation occurs on the surface of the cathode plate (7), generating a large number of micron-sized cavitation bubbles. The bubbles expand rapidly and invade the interface between the scale layer and the electrode plate. Subsequently, they break rapidly during the pressure recovery phase, releasing micro-jet and shock wave to achieve efficient removal of the scale layer. The central integrated control module monitors the cavitation intensity through a cavitation intensity quantification formula to ensure a balance between the stripping effect and the electrode plate protection. The calculation formula is as follows: Where: I: cavitation intensity; ΔP: pressure change; Δt: pressure change time.

10. A scale removal control system for electrochemical water treatment according to claim 9, characterized in that, The scale uniformity monitoring and electric field adaptive adjustment module monitors the difference in scale thickness in different areas by setting multiple second micro-resistance sensors on the surface of the cathode plate (7) and calculates the scale uniformity coefficient. The calculation formula is as follows: ； in: : Scale uniformity coefficient; : Maximum scale thickness on the surface of cathode plate (7); Minimum scale thickness on the surface of cathode plate (7); : Average scale thickness on the surface of cathode plate (7).

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