A composite groyne device for river oxygenation and water purification

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of groynes, specifically a composite groyne device for river oxygenation and water purification. It includes a groyne body, with multiple first drainage channels penetrating the lower end of the groyne body. Above the first drainage channels are multiple second drainage channels penetrating the groyne body, the second drainage channels sloping upwards from the upstream to the downstream side. A first purification module is located on the downstream side of the groyne body, with a water-blocking plate on its downstream sidewall. The first drainage channels are connected to the bottom of the first purification module, and the upper ends of the second drainage channels are located above the first purification module. This invention can prevent stagnant water zones from forming at the bottom of the upstream side, while simultaneously increasing the oxygen content of the river water and purifying it.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of groynes, and in particular to a composite groyne device for river oxygenation and water purification. Background Technology

[0002] A groyne is a traditional river management structure. One end is located on the riverbank, and the other end extends to the center of the river channel. It is usually T-shaped with the riverbank and is used to regulate the water flow and prevent the water flow from directly eroding the riverbank, thus protecting the riverbank.

[0003] When the river water velocity is low, such as between 0.1 m / s and 0.3 m / s, the water body is relatively calm and turbulence is not easily generated. When the river water flows to the groynes, the main flow is diverted towards the center of the river by the groynes. In the area upstream of the groynes, near the riverbank and riverbed, the water flow velocity approaches zero, forming a relatively still stagnant or dead water zone. The exchange of water between this area and the main channel is very slow, and oxygen can only be replenished by slow diffusion, which is far lower than the consumption rate. The decomposition of organic matter in the riverbed sediments consumes a large amount of oxygen. Under hypoxic conditions, harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide (which smells like rotten eggs) and methane are easily produced, and nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen in the bottom sediments are released more quickly, causing secondary pollution of the water.

[0004] In addition, rivers with low flow rates naturally have lower oxygen levels. To increase oxygen levels, a method of aeration by waterfalls is commonly used. This involves constructing waterfalls of appropriate height, allowing river water to overflow from the top of the waterfall and fall downstream. However, waterfalls also present the problem of stagnant water zones at the bottom upstream.

[0005] In addition, rivers flowing through towns are affected by human activities, and the water usually carries a certain concentration of pollutants, which is not conducive to the reproduction of aquatic organisms. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a composite groyne device for river oxygenation and water purification, which can avoid the formation of stagnant water zones at the bottom of the upstream side, while increasing the oxygen content of the river water and purifying the river water.

[0007] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a composite groyne device for river oxygenation and water purification, comprising a dam body,

[0008] The lower end of the dam body is provided with multiple first drainage channels penetrating the dam body, and above the first drainage channels are multiple second drainage channels penetrating the dam body. The second drainage channels slope upward from the upstream side to the downstream side.

[0009] A first purification module is installed on the downstream side of the dam body, and a water baffle is installed on the downstream side wall of the first purification module.

[0010] The first hydrophobic channel is connected to the bottom of the first purification module, and the upper port of the second hydrophobic channel is located above the first purification module.

[0011] Furthermore, the first purification module includes a cage, and a layer of purification particles is disposed inside the cage.

[0012] Furthermore, the cage is rectangular in shape and can be detached and installed to allow for periodic flipping;

[0013] The purification particle layer includes a first particle layer and a second particle layer. The second particle layer is located below the first particle layer. The particle density of the first particle layer is greater than that of water, and the particle density of the second particle layer is less than that of water. The difference between the total weight and total buoyancy of the first particle layer is greater than the difference between the total weight and total buoyancy of the second particle layer, and the outer diameter of the first particle layer is greater than the outer diameter of the second particle layer.

[0014] A cavity is provided in the cage above the first particle layer, and the second particle layer can gradually move upward into the cavity under the action of water flow.

[0015] Furthermore, a sand collection ditch is provided in the river channel below the cage, and a sand collection trough is provided in the sand collection ditch. The bottom of the cage can be detachably installed in the sand collection trough.

[0016] The first drainage channel slopes downward from the upstream side to the downstream side, and the lower end of the first drainage channel is connected to the sand collection trough.

[0017] Furthermore, the bulk density of the first particle layer is 1.2-1.5 g / cm³, and the particle size is 10-25 mm; the bulk density of the second particle layer is 0.6-0.9 g / cm³, and the particle size is 5-8 mm; the volume ratio of the first particle layer to the second particle layer is 5:(2-3).

[0018] Furthermore, the first granular layer is zeolite, and the second granular layer is bioceramic.

[0019] Furthermore, a second purification module is provided downstream of the first purification module, and the height of the second purification module is lower than that of the first purification module.

[0020] Furthermore, a layer of pebbles is provided inside the second drainage channel.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. By setting a first drainage channel and a second drainage channel through the dam body, the water in the middle and lower part of the upstream side of the dam body can flow to the downstream side of the dam body through the first drainage channel and the second drainage channel, preventing the occurrence of stagnant or dead water areas on the upstream side of the dam body.

[0022] 2. The river water flowing through the first drainage channel is blocked by the water baffle and flows upward in the first purification module. The first purification module purifies the river water and reduces the pollutant content.

[0023] 3. Traditional drop dams typically involve the upper layer of river water overflowing from the top and cascading down, while the oxygen content of the middle and lower layers is usually lower than that of the upper layer. In this invention, the oxygen content of the middle and lower layers of river water upstream of the dam is even lower; that is, the oxygen content of the river water flowing through the first and second drainage channels is lower than that of the upper layer. The river water flowing through the first drainage channel enters the first purification module and flows upward, while the river water flowing through the second drainage channel falls downward. The two streams of water flowing in opposite directions mix on the surface, generating turbulence and splashes, which can promote the full entry of oxygen from the air into the river water, effectively oxygenating the low-oxygen river water. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the ecological groyne of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first purification module;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram after the implementation of the present invention;

[0027] Reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1—dam body; 2—first drainage channel; 3—second drainage channel; 4—first purification module; 41—cage body; 42—first particle layer; 43—second particle layer; 44—cavity; 45—sand collection trough; 5—water baffle; 6—second purification module; 7—pebble layer. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] This invention provides a composite groyne device for river oxygenation and water purification, suitable for low-velocity rivers with flow velocities between 0.1 m / s and 0.3 m / s, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the structure includes dam body 1, which can be constructed using conventional concrete. Dam body 1 is perpendicular to the riverbank, with one end located on the riverbank and the other end extending into the river channel. The length of dam body 1 exceeds half the width of the river channel. The height of dam body 1 is greater than the water level upstream to prevent river water from overflowing from the top of dam body 1 to the downstream side, thus fulfilling the function of the groyne in regulating water flow.

[0030] Multiple first drainage channels 2 are provided at the lower end of dam body 1, and multiple second drainage channels 3 are provided above the first drainage channels 2, sloping upwards from the upstream side to the downstream side. Steel pipes can be pre-embedded in dam body 1, with the inner holes of the steel pipes serving as either the first drainage channels 2 or the second drainage channels 3. River water in the middle and lower part of the upstream side of dam body 1 can flow along the first drainage channels 2 and the second drainage channels 3 to the downstream side of dam body 1, preventing stagnant or dead water areas from forming upstream of dam body 1.

[0031] A first purification module 4 is installed on the downstream side of the dam body 1, and a water-retaining plate 5 is installed on the downstream side wall of the first purification module 4. The first purification module 4 has functions such as adsorbing pollutants and filtering, which can reduce the pollutant content in the river water. The water-retaining plate 5 can be made of metal plate, etc., and its lower end is inserted into the bottom of the riverbank to ensure stability. At the same time, it can support the first purification module 4. The first purification module 4 is placed naturally between the dam body 1 and the water-retaining plate 5 to ensure stability and prevent it from moving due to river erosion. The top of the water-retaining plate 5 is flush with the top of the first purification module 4.

[0032] The first drainage channel 2 is connected to the bottom of the first purification module 4. River water entering the bottom of the first purification module 4 through the first drainage channel 2 is blocked by the baffle plate 5 and flows upward, so that the river water can flow fully through the first purification module 4, thereby purifying the river water.

[0033] The upper port of the second drainage channel 3 is located above the first purification module 4. The upper port of the second drainage channel 3 is lower than the water level upstream of the dam body 1, and the water level downstream of the dam body 1 is located between the upper port of the second drainage channel 3 and the top surface of the first purification module 4. The oxygen content of the river water in the middle and lower layers upstream of the dam body 1 is even lower, that is, the oxygen content of the river water passing through the first drainage channel 2 and the second drainage channel 3 is lower than that of the upper layer of river water. The river water flowing through the first drainage channel 2 enters the first purification module 4 and flows upward, while the river water flowing through the second drainage channel 3 falls downward. The two streams of water flowing in opposite directions mix on the water surface, generating turbulence and splashes, which can promote the full entry of oxygen from the air into the river water, achieving effective oxygenation of the low-oxygen river water.

[0034] The first purification module 4 can be any existing water purification facility with adsorption and filtration functions. Preferably, the first purification module 4 includes a cage 41, inside which a purification particle layer is installed. The cage 41 can be woven from steel wire or steel bars, and its top, bottom, and side walls have holes to ensure that river water can enter and exit the cage 41. The particle size of the purification particle layer is larger than the diameter of the holes in the cage 41 to prevent the purification particle layer from moving out of the cage 41 through the holes. The purification particle layer uses a porous material on its surface, which can adsorb pollutants in the river water, and a biofilm can also be formed on its surface. Through the growth of microorganisms, pollutants are decomposed, improving the purification effect. This modular purification equipment facilitates installation, disassembly, cleaning, and replacement.

[0035] Using granular layers to purify water is currently the lowest-cost and most widely used ecological restoration method. However, it is generally plagued by the problem of granular layers being easily clogged by sediment, requiring frequent cleaning. Furthermore, the lower and middle layers of river water have low oxygen levels, which are suitable for the growth of anaerobic and anoxic microorganisms but not for aerobic microorganisms. Traditional granular purification layers can only perform anaerobic treatment and are insufficient for aerobic treatment, resulting in inadequate pollutant removal.

[0036] To reduce maintenance frequency while enabling aerobic treatment, the cage 41 of this invention is rectangular and detachable for periodic turning.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, the purification particle layer includes a first particle layer 42 and a second particle layer 43. The second particle layer 43 is located below the first particle layer 42. The particle density of the first particle layer 42 is greater than that of water, while the particle density of the second particle layer 43 is less than that of water. Particle density refers to the density of a single particle. The difference between the total weight and total buoyancy of the first particle layer 42 is greater than the difference between the total weight and total buoyancy of the second particle layer 43, and the outer diameter of the first particle layer 42 is greater than the outer diameter of the second particle layer 43.

[0038] A cavity 44 is provided inside the cage 41 above the first particle layer 42. Under the action of water flow, the second particle layer 43 can gradually move upward to the cavity 44.

[0039] When adding the purification particle layer to the cage 41, first add the second particle layer 43 and shake it evenly, then add the first particle layer 42, leaving a cavity 44 with a height of 4-10cm above the first particle layer 42. Then, place the cage 41 between the dam 1 and the baffle plate 5. Since the difference between the total weight and total buoyancy of the second particle layer 43 is less than the difference between the total weight and total buoyancy of the first particle layer 42, the second particle layer 43 can remain stable at the bottom of the cage 41 immediately after installation and will not float. However, since the density of each second particle layer 43 is less than the density of water, the second particle layer 43 (density less than water) has its own buoyancy and is subjected to the upward flow of river water, which generates a continuous upward thrust on the second particle layer 43. At the same time, the two work together, and the particles of each second particle layer 43 will gradually move upward and eventually float to the top of the inner cavity of the cage 41. The outer diameter of the first particle layer 42 is larger than the outer diameter of the second particle layer 43, which helps to reduce the resistance when the second particle layer 43 floats upward.

[0040] In this invention, each second particle layer 43 requires no additional power and can move slowly upward under the action of low-velocity river water, thus solving the following problems:

[0041] 1. In traditional methods, the particles are fixed in position. When some gaps become blocked, without external force to clear the blockage, the blockage will persist, and the amount of silt and sand accumulating will increase. In this invention, the second particle layer 43 moves automatically, changing its position. This movement of the second particle layer 43 inevitably pushes the first particle layer 42 to change position. As the positions of the first and second particle layers 42 and 43 change, the silt and sand blocking the gaps loosens and moves downwards, thus automatically clearing the blockage. This invention significantly reduces maintenance frequency. When most of the second particle layer 43 has moved to the top of the inner cavity of the cage 41, this state is maintained for a period of time. Then, the cage 41 is flipped over, so that the second particle layer 43 is once again below the first particle layer 42, allowing the process to continue.

[0042] 2. In traditional systems, the particles are in fixed positions. After a period of operation, preferential flow paths develop within the particles, meaning most of the river water moves along a few fixed paths, leaving the remaining areas as stagnant zones. In this invention, the automatic movement of the second particle layer 43 drives the movement of the first particle layer 42, achieving a rearrangement of the particles. This disrupts the distribution of preferential flow paths, forcing the water flow to seek new paths, allowing the entire particle layer to contact the flowing river water more evenly, thus improving the utilization rate of the particle layer.

[0043] 3. When the second particle layer 43 moves to the top of the inner cavity of the cage 41, it is close to the water surface. The micropores on the surface of the second particle layer 43 can absorb oxygen or river water with high oxygen content, creating an aerobic environment that is conducive to the growth of aerobic microorganisms. After the cage 41 is turned over, the second particle layer 43 with high oxygen content is located at the bottom of the cage 41, which can also maintain the growth and reproduction of aerobic microorganisms for a certain period of time, thus performing aerobic treatment on the river water and improving the treatment effect.

[0044] Since the river water inside the cage 41 is from the bottom of the upstream side of the dam 1, its solid impurities are usually dense silt and sand. As the second particle layer 43 moves upward, the silt and sand gradually settle to the bottom of the cage 41. Furthermore, the silt and sand in the river water also tend to accumulate at the bottom of the upstream side of the dam 1, causing blockage of the first drainage channel 2. To solve this problem, in this invention, a sand collection ditch is provided on the bottom wall of the river channel below the cage 41, and a sand collection trough 45 is provided within the sand collection ditch. The bottom of the cage 41 is detachably installed in the sand collection trough 45. The first drainage channel 2 slopes downward from the upstream side to the downstream side, and the lower end of the first drainage channel 2 is connected to the sand collection trough 45.

[0045] In this invention, a feasible implementation is as follows: the particle density of the first particle layer 42 is 1.2-1.5 g / cm³, and the particle size is 10-25 mm; the particle density of the second particle layer 43 is 0.6-0.9 g / cm³, and the particle size is 5-8 mm; the volume ratio of the first particle layer 42 to the second particle layer 43 is 5:(2-3). Specifically, the first particle layer 42 is made of zeolite, and the second particle layer 43 is made of bioceramic, specifically hollow bioceramic. Nitrogen-doped carbon material can be loaded onto the bioceramic. When the particles of the second particle layer 43 float to the top of the cage 41, the nitrogen-doped carbon material adsorbs and activates oxygen molecules, generating active oxygen species (such as singlet oxygen¹O₂); when the particles of the second particle layer 43 are turned over and carried into the bottom anoxic zone, these active oxygen species are slowly released, providing dissolved oxygen to the lower water body, and simultaneously oxidizing and degrading organic pollutants.

[0046] The first drainage channel 2 is inclined, allowing sediment from the bottom of the upstream side of the dam body 1 to enter the sand collection trough 45, preventing sediment from accumulating at the bottom of the upstream side of the dam body 1 and making cleaning difficult. Simultaneously, sediment in the cage body 41 can also flow downwards into the sand collection trough 45, preventing sediment from accumulating at the bottom of the cage body 41. Only periodic cleaning of the sediment in the sand collection trough 45 is required. The sand collection trough 45 is detachable; during cleaning, the entire sand collection trough 45 is removed and the sediment is cleaned. Alternatively, a sand pump can be used to extract the sediment from the sand collection trough 45.

[0047] To improve the purification effect, a second purification module 6 is installed downstream of the first purification module 4, and the height of the second purification module 6 is lower than that of the first purification module 4. The second purification module 6 can also be a wire cage filled with conventional filter media. In addition, a removable aquatic plant planting tray can be installed on the top of the second purification module 6 for planting aquatic organisms adapted to the local environment.

[0048] The second drainage channel 3 is equipped with a pebble layer 7, which has a certain filtration effect and can also provide a place for microbial films to attach and decompose pollutants in the river water.

[0049] This invention allows for the installation of multiple alternating groynes within a river channel, such as... Figure 3 As shown, this improves the purification effect.

[0050] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite groyne device for river oxygenation and water purification, comprising a dam body (1), characterized in that: The lower end of the dam body (1) is provided with a plurality of first drainage channels (2) penetrating the dam body (1), and above the first drainage channels (2) are a plurality of second drainage channels (3) penetrating the dam body (1). The second drainage channels (3) slope upward from the upstream side to the downstream side. A first purification module (4) is provided on the downstream side of the dam body (1), and a water baffle (5) is provided on the downstream side wall of the first purification module (4). The first hydrophobic channel (2) is connected to the bottom of the first purification module (4), and the upper port of the second hydrophobic channel (3) is located above the first purification module (4); The first purification module (4) includes a cage (41), and a purification particle layer is provided inside the cage (41); The cage (41) is rectangular and can be disassembled and installed to allow for periodic flipping. The purification particle layer includes a first particle layer (42) and a second particle layer (43). The second particle layer (43) is located below the first particle layer (42). The particle density of the first particle layer (42) is greater than that of water, and the particle density of the second particle layer (43) is less than that of water. The difference between the total gravity and total buoyancy of the first particle layer (42) is greater than the difference between the total gravity and total buoyancy of the second particle layer (43), and the outer diameter of the first particle layer (42) is greater than the outer diameter of the second particle layer (43). A cavity (44) is provided in the cage (41) above the first particle layer (42). Under the action of water flow, the second particle layer (43) can gradually move upward to the cavity (44).

2. The combined groyne device for river oxygenation and water purification as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A sand collection ditch is provided in the river channel below the cage (41), and a sand collection trough (45) is provided in the sand collection ditch. The bottom of the cage (41) can be detachably installed in the sand collection trough (45). The first drainage channel (2) slopes downward from the upstream side to the downstream side, and the lower end of the first drainage channel (2) is connected to the sand collection trough (45).

3. The river oxygenation and water purification composite dike device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first particle layer (42) has a particle density of 1.2-1.5 g / cm³ and a particle size of 10-25 mm; the second particle layer (43) has a particle density of 0.6-0.9 g / cm³ and a particle size of 5-8 mm; the volume ratio of the first particle layer (42) to the second particle layer (43) is 5:(2-3).

4. The combined groyne device for river oxygenation and water purification as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first granular layer (42) is zeolite, and the second granular layer (43) is bioceramic.

5. The combined groyne device for river oxygenation and water purification as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A second purification module (6) is provided on the downstream side of the first purification module (4), and the height of the second purification module (6) is lower than that of the first purification module (4).

6. The combined groyne device for river oxygenation and water purification as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The second drainage channel (3) is provided with a pebble layer (7).

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