Distributed energy storage-based voltage and power stabilizing method and system for new energy power generation

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a distributed energy storage-based voltage and power stabilizing method and system for new energy power generation. The maximum power tracker is used for tracking the output voltage and current of the power generation panel to output the first direct current, the main control unit detects the first direct current in real time, and the output power of the energy storage unit is controlled based on the detection result, so that the output voltage and power of the voltage conversion unit are stabilized within the preset range; the direct current entering the inverter is stabilized, so that the alternating current output by the inverter is stabilized; when the output voltage of the power generation panel is unstable due to external reasons, the energy storage unit controlled by the main control unit outputs certain compensation power, so that stable direct-current voltage and stable power are output, stable alternating-current output of the inverter is guaranteed, and the power generation efficiency is improved. And the stable operation of the inverter and the improvement of the grid-connected quality of the new energy power generation system are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, and in particular to a method and system for stabilizing voltage and power in new energy power generation based on distributed energy storage. Background Technology

[0002] New energy power generation (such as photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation) typically produces direct current (DC), which needs to be converted into alternating current (AC) by an inverter before it can be connected to the grid or used by customer loads. The DC power generated by new energy power generation is greatly affected by the external environment (sunlight angle, shading, wind force). For example, the output voltage and power of photovoltaic panels vary greatly when the sunlight is weak in the morning and evening or when there are clouds.

[0003] Multiple (20-30) photovoltaic panels are typically connected in series with DC outputs to the DC input of a (centralized or string) inverter. Large and medium-sized inverters usually have multiple DC inputs. Each DC input needs to operate within the 500V-1500V range to ensure proper inverter circuitry operation.

[0004] The voltage and power of the inverter's DC input limit its AC output power. If the DC input voltage and power decrease or fluctuate, the inverter's AC output will also decrease or fluctuate accordingly, posing a challenge to the stability of grid-connected power. Therefore, in situations with weak sunlight or cloud cover and shading, stabilizing the DC output voltage and power of the photovoltaic panels is crucial for ensuring stable inverter output power.

[0005] Therefore, overcoming the shortcomings of the existing technology is an urgent problem to be solved in this technical field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is how to stabilize the DC output voltage and power of photovoltaic panels in order to stabilize the AC output of the inverter.

[0007] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: Firstly, a voltage and power stabilization system based on distributed energy storage for new energy power generation is provided, including a central controller and multiple intelligent control terminals. The central controller is used to communicate with each intelligent control terminal through a wide area Internet of Things. Multiple intelligent control terminals are connected in series, and the inverter is connected in series with multiple intelligent control terminals connected in series; the intelligent control terminals include a power generation board, a maximum power point tracker, an energy storage unit, a main control unit, and a voltage conversion unit; The power generation panel is connected to the maximum power point tracker (MPPT). The output of the MPPT is connected to the input of the energy storage unit and the input of the voltage conversion unit, respectively. The output of the energy storage unit is connected to the input of the voltage conversion unit. The output of the voltage conversion unit is used to connect to the input of the inverter. The maximum power tracker is used to track the output voltage and current of the power generation panel and output a first DC current; The main control unit is used to detect the first DC current in real time and control the output power of the energy storage unit based on the detection result, so that the output voltage and power of the voltage conversion unit are stabilized within a preset range.

[0008] Preferably, the intelligent control terminal further includes a wireless communication module, which is connected to the main control unit and wirelessly connected to the central controller; The wireless communication module adopts a wide-area wireless Internet of Things protocol, including at least one of WIoTa (Wide-range Internet Of Things communication protocol), NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things), or LORA (Long Range Radio).

[0009] Preferably, the intelligent control terminal further includes a battery control module, which is connected to both the main control unit and the energy storage unit. The main control unit is used to adjust the control parameters of the battery control module according to the detection results, so as to control the output power of the energy storage unit through the battery control module.

[0010] Secondly, a voltage and power stabilization method for new energy power generation based on distributed energy storage is provided, applied to the voltage and power stabilization system for new energy power generation based on distributed energy storage as described in the first aspect, including: The maximum power tracker tracks the output voltage and current of the power generation panel and outputs a first direct current. The main control unit detects the first DC current in real time and controls the output power of the energy storage unit based on the detection result, so that the output voltage and power of the voltage conversion unit are stabilized within a preset range.

[0011] Preferably, the intelligent control terminal further includes a battery control module. The main control unit detects the first DC power in real time and controls the output power of the energy storage unit based on the detection result, so that the output voltage and power of the voltage conversion unit are stabilized within a preset range, specifically including: The main control unit detects the voltage and power values ​​of the first DC power in real time and compares the detected voltage and power values ​​with a preset range; When the detected voltage value deviates from the preset range, and / or when the detected power value deviates from the preset range, the main control unit sends a power compensation command to the battery control module; The battery management module controls the energy storage unit to output or absorb corresponding compensation power according to the power compensation command; The first DC power output from the maximum power tracker and the compensation power output from the energy storage unit are input to the voltage conversion unit. The voltage conversion unit performs voltage conversion on the combined electrical energy and outputs a second DC power that is stable within the preset range.

[0012] Preferably, the method further includes: When the battery control module controls the energy storage unit to output compensation power, it prioritizes the discharge of the battery pack with the highest state of charge in the energy storage unit. When the battery control module controls the energy storage unit to absorb power for charging, it prioritizes charging the battery pack with the lowest state of charge in the energy storage unit.

[0013] Preferably, when the battery control module controls the energy storage unit to output compensation power, it prioritizes discharging the battery pack with the highest state of charge in the energy storage unit, specifically including: The battery control module synchronously collects the voltage and current across each battery pack in the micro-energy storage unit at a fixed sampling period. Based on the collected voltage and current, and combined with the battery pack temperature data, the battery state of charge of each battery pack is calculated and updated in real time to obtain the system SOC state table. The battery control module selects all available battery packs from the system SOC status table according to preset conditions, and sorts all available battery packs in descending order according to their real-time SOC values ​​to generate a priority discharge queue. The battery control module receives and parses the power compensation command from the main control unit to obtain the total compensation power value to be output. Based on the total compensation power value, the power allocation algorithm of the battery control module selects one or more battery packs with the highest real-time SOC value from the first position of the priority discharge queue for discharge.

[0014] Preferably, the method further includes: During the discharge process, the battery control module continuously monitors the changes in the real-time SOC value of all discharging battery packs. When the real-time SOC value of the discharging battery pack continues to decrease, causing the difference between its real-time SOC value and that of the subsequent battery packs in the queue to narrow to within the first set threshold, the battery control module automatically dynamically incorporates the subsequent battery packs into the current discharge cluster and redistributes the discharge power to achieve load balancing among multiple battery packs. When the SOC value of a discharging battery pack drops to the second set threshold, the battery control module degrades or removes it from the current discharge cluster and promotes the next battery pack with a higher real-time SOC value in the priority discharge queue to take over its discharge task.

[0015] Preferably, when the battery control module controls the energy storage unit to absorb power for charging, it prioritizes charging the battery pack with the lowest state of charge in the energy storage unit, specifically including: The battery control module sorts the selected rechargeable battery packs in ascending order according to their real-time SOC values ​​to form a priority charging queue. The battery pack with the lowest real-time SOC value is located at the head of the queue and has the highest charging priority. The battery control module receives and parses the power compensation command from the main control unit to determine the total charging power to be absorbed. The charging management algorithm of the battery control module starts from the head of the priority charging queue and allocates the total charging power to one or more battery packs with the lowest real-time SOC value for charging.

[0016] Preferably, the method further includes: During the charging process, the battery control module continuously monitors the real-time SOC value changes of all battery packs that are being charged. When the real-time SOC value of a battery pack being charged in the priority charging queue rises to within a third set threshold difference from the average real-time SOC value of the subsequent battery packs in the queue, one or more battery packs following the battery pack being charged in the priority charging queue are automatically dynamically incorporated into the current charging cluster, and the charging current is redistributed to achieve synchronous and balanced charging of multiple battery packs with low real-time SOC values. When the real-time SOC value of the battery pack being charged is higher than a preset percentage of the average real-time SOC value of the subsequent battery packs, the battery control module will degrade or remove it from the priority charging queue and concentrate the charging resources on the remaining battery packs with lower real-time SOC values ​​in the queue for charging.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention uses a maximum power point tracker to track the output voltage and current of a power generation panel to output a first direct current (DC). The main control unit detects this first DC current in real time and controls the output power of the energy storage unit based on the detection results. This ensures that the output voltage and power of the voltage conversion unit are stabilized within a preset range, thus stabilizing the DC current entering the inverter and consequently stabilizing the AC output of the inverter. When the output voltage of the power generation panel becomes unstable due to external factors, the energy storage unit controlled by the main control unit outputs a certain amount of compensation power, thereby outputting a stable DC voltage and stable power. This ensures a stable AC output from the inverter, which is beneficial for the stable operation of the inverter and the improvement of the grid connection quality of the new energy power generation system. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a voltage and power stabilization system for new energy power generation based on distributed energy storage, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent control terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a voltage and power stabilization method for new energy power generation based on distributed energy storage, provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a voltage and power stabilization method for new energy power generation based on distributed energy storage, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the control process for charging and discharging an energy storage unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the control process for discharging an energy storage unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the control process for charging an energy storage unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure for controlling the charging or discharging of each battery pack in an energy storage unit, provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a signaling diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention for compensating for insufficient power generation by a battery pack; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of signaling when a battery pack absorbs excess power generation, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0021] Unless the context otherwise requires, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprising" is interpreted as openly inclusive, meaning "including, but not limited to." In the description of the specification, terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "exemplary embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" are intended to indicate that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic associated with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this disclosure. The illustrative representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics mentioned may be included in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples; that is, although they may be incorporated into embodiments or examples using the above terms for reasons such as order and position, it does not limit them to be incorporated in combination by a single embodiment or example.

[0022] In the description of this invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of embodiments of this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. Furthermore, for example, the description may use the prefix "A" or "B" to describe the same type of nouns as two independent entities. In this case, the corresponding features defined with "A" and "B" are used only to distinguish between similar entities and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features.

[0023] In describing some embodiments, the terms "coupled," "coupled," and "connected," and their derivative expressions, may be used. For example, the term "connected" may be used in describing some embodiments to indicate that two or more components have direct physical or electrical contact with each other. Similarly, the term "coupled" may be used in describing some embodiments to indicate that two or more components have direct physical or electrical contact. However, the terms "connected" or "coupled" may also refer to two or more components that do not have direct contact with each other but still cooperate or interact with each other, such as "optical coupling," "wireless connection," etc. The embodiments disclosed herein are not necessarily limited to the scope of this invention.

[0024] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0025] Example 1: The direct current (DC) generated by new energy power generation (such as photovoltaic and wind power) is greatly affected by the external environment (sunlight angle, shading, wind force). For example, the output voltage and power of photovoltaic panels vary significantly in the early morning and late evening when sunlight is weak or when there are clouds. When the voltage and power of the generated DC power vary significantly, it will affect the DC input of the inverter in the energy storage inverter system, further affecting the AC output of the inverter, and ultimately affecting the stability of the entire new energy power generation system.

[0026] To address the aforementioned issues, taking the energy storage inverter system in photovoltaic power generation as an example, this embodiment proposes a voltage and power stabilization system for new energy power generation based on distributed energy storage. In one embodiment, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the system includes a central controller and multiple intelligent control terminals. The central controller communicates with each intelligent control terminal via a wide-area Internet of Things (IoT). Multiple intelligent control terminals are connected in series, and an inverter is connected in series with these terminals. Each intelligent control terminal includes a generator board, a maximum power point tracker (MPPT), an energy storage unit, a main control unit, and a voltage conversion unit (DC-DC converter). The generator board is connected to the MPPT, and the output of the MPPT is connected to the input of the energy storage unit and the input of the voltage conversion unit. The output of the energy storage unit is connected to the input of the voltage conversion unit. The output of the voltage conversion unit is connected to the input of the inverter.

[0027] The maximum power tracker is used to track the output voltage and current of the power generation panel and output a first DC current; the main control unit is used to detect the first DC current in real time and control the output power of the energy storage unit based on the detection result, so that the output voltage and power of the voltage conversion unit are stabilized within a preset range.

[0028] The central controller communicates with multiple intelligent control terminals via a wide-area Internet of Things (IoT) and is responsible for monitoring the operating status of all intelligent control terminals in real time and issuing control commands accordingly. For example, it sets the voltage stability range based on preset conditions (such as weather forecasts, power grid commands, and inverter input DC parameter requirements). Multiple intelligent control terminals are connected in series to form a DC power supply main circuit, which is then connected in series with the inverter's input terminal. The inverter is responsible for converting DC to AC, and its stable operation depends entirely on the stable DC output from the intelligent control terminals.

[0029] In one embodiment, each intelligent control terminal integrates a power generation panel, a maximum power point tracker (MPPT), an energy storage unit, a main control unit, and a voltage conversion unit. The power generation panel converts solar energy into direct current (DC), which is then directly input to the MPPT. The MPPT dynamically adjusts load parameters by real-time monitoring of the voltage and current output by the power generation panel, using algorithms such as the perturbation-observation method to ensure the panel always operates at its maximum power point, thus outputting the highest-power DC output. The MPPT addresses the problem in traditional systems where photovoltaic panels deviate from their optimal power generation state due to environmental changes; however, the initial DC output still fluctuates and remains unstable depending on sunlight intensity.

[0030] In one embodiment, the charging and discharging state of the energy storage unit is controlled by the main control unit. For example, when the sunlight is strong (such as at noon) and the voltage and power of the first DC power exceed the stable range, the main control unit controls the energy storage unit to absorb and store excess electrical energy. When the sunlight weakens (such as in the morning or evening, or when the clouds block the light) and the voltage and power of the first DC power are lower than the stable range, the main control unit controls the energy storage unit to release the stored electrical energy to make up for the power gap, ensuring that the total electrical energy entering the subsequent voltage conversion unit is always in a stable range, and avoiding instantaneous fluctuations from directly affecting the DC output.

[0031] After being buffered by the energy storage unit, the electrical energy needs to be processed by the voltage conversion unit. The voltage conversion unit uses DC-DC conversion technology (to boost or buck the voltage as needed) to convert the mixed electrical energy into DC power with voltage and power completely stable within a preset range. Then, through the series connection of multiple intelligent control terminals (such as 10 intelligent control terminals connected in series, that is, the output of the corresponding voltage conversion unit is connected in series, and the other end is connected to the inverter), a stable DC power that meets the input requirements of the inverter is finally formed.

[0032] In order for each intelligent control terminal to communicate with the central controller, in one embodiment, reference is made to... Figure 2 The intelligent control terminal further includes a wireless communication module, which is connected to the main control unit and wirelessly connected to the central controller. The wireless communication module adopts a wide-area wireless Internet of Things protocol, including at least one of WIoTa, NB-IoT, or LoRa. In one embodiment, the preset range is determined by one of the following methods: pre-stored locally on the intelligent control terminal, or distributed to the intelligent control terminal by the central controller via the wireless communication module. The central controller receives operating data reported from multiple intelligent control terminals, the operating data including at least the measurement data of the maximum power tracker and the battery power of the energy storage unit. The central controller generates and distributes the preset range for different intelligent control terminals based on weather forecasts, grid dispatch instructions, or inverter operating requirements.

[0033] In order to control the charging and discharging of each energy storage unit, in one embodiment, reference is made to... Figure 2 The intelligent control terminal further includes a battery control module, which is connected to both the main control unit and the energy storage unit. The main control unit is used to adjust the control parameters of the battery control module according to the detection results, so as to control the output power of the energy storage unit through the battery control module.

[0034] In one embodiment, the energy storage unit has three operating modes for charging and discharging. The first operating mode involves the following: when the power generated by the power generation panel exceeds the power required for stable output by the main control unit (e.g., at midday when sunlight is strong and the power generation capacity of the power generation panel reaches its peak, the local output power command issued by the central controller may be set at a lower value due to limited grid absorption capacity). In one embodiment, the power generation panel outputs a large amount of electrical energy, which, after being tracked by the maximum power point tracker (MPPT), outputs a high-power first DC current. The main control unit detects in real time that the power of this first DC current is far higher than the power value required to maintain stable output. The main control unit immediately issues a command to the battery management system (BMS), and the first DC current output by the MPPT is split into two paths: one path is used to meet the preset stable output power requirement, and the other path, with excess electrical energy, is directed to the energy storage unit. Under the coordinated control of the voltage conversion unit, this excess electrical energy does not push up the output voltage but is efficiently converted into a voltage and current suitable for charging the battery pack, thus charging the energy storage unit.

[0035] In one embodiment, the second operating mode includes: when the power generated by the power generation panel is less than the power that the main control unit needs to output stably, such as in the early morning or late evening, on cloudy days, or when the main control unit detects insufficient power output from the MPPT, it controls the energy storage unit to discharge through the battery control module. The output electrical energy and the insufficient electrical energy output from the MPPT are combined into the voltage conversion unit, which combines and converts the two electrical energy streams to output stable DC power.

[0036] In one embodiment, the third operating mode includes: when the power generated by the power generation panel is approximately equal to (±5W) the power required for stable output by the main control unit, such as on a sunny day with stable sunlight. In this case, the electrical energy generated by the power generation panel just meets the requirements for stable output. The main control unit does not activate the charging and discharging function of the energy storage unit. The electrical energy output by the MPPT is directly and stably output after appropriate voltage conversion by the voltage conversion unit. At this time, the energy storage unit is in a standby state, neither consuming nor replenishing energy. The charging and discharging methods of each battery pack in the energy storage unit will be described in detail below.

[0037] It is worth noting that the voltage and power stabilization system for new energy power generation based on distributed energy storage in the above embodiments is used as an example in the application of energy storage inverter system. That is, the voltage and power stabilization system for new energy power generation based on distributed energy storage outputs a stable DC to enable the inverter to output a stable AC. In other embodiments, the voltage and power stabilization system for new energy power generation based on distributed energy storage can also be applied to scenarios where only a stable DC output is required. More specific details will not be explained in this embodiment.

[0038] In summary, this embodiment uses a maximum power point tracker to track the output voltage and current of the power generation panel to output a first DC power. The main control unit detects the first DC power in real time and controls the output power of the energy storage unit based on the detection results, so that the output voltage and power of the voltage conversion unit are stabilized within a preset range. This stabilizes the DC power entering the inverter, thereby stabilizing the AC power output by the inverter. This embodiment can compensate for unstable output voltage of the power generation panel due to external factors by having the energy storage unit controlled by the main control unit output a certain amount of power, thereby outputting a stable DC voltage and stable power, ensuring stable AC output of the inverter, which is beneficial to the stable operation of the inverter and the improvement of grid connection quality of the new energy power generation system.

[0039] Example 2: This embodiment proposes a voltage and power stabilization method for new energy power generation based on distributed energy storage. In one embodiment, such as... Figure 3 As shown, it includes: Step 101: The maximum power tracker tracks the output voltage and current of the power generation panel and outputs a first DC current.

[0040] Among them, the first DC power is the most efficient DC power, but because the intensity of sunlight changes in real time (such as when clouds pass by and the sunlight suddenly dims), the first DC power still fluctuates. Although MPPT can quickly track the new maximum power point, the voltage and power corresponding to the new maximum power point will still change with the environment, and cannot directly meet the inverter's requirements for stable input.

[0041] Step 102: The main control unit detects the first DC power in real time and controls the output power of the energy storage unit based on the detection result, so that the output voltage and power of the voltage conversion unit are stabilized within a preset range.

[0042] The main control unit collects key parameters of the first DC power supply (voltage, current, and power values) in real time and uses them inversely with the preset output range of the voltage conversion unit to determine whether the current power needs adjustment. By controlling the absorption or replenishment of the energy storage unit, the power entering the voltage conversion unit is stabilized within the required input range. The voltage conversion unit then uses DC-DC conversion technology (boosting or bucking the voltage as needed, correcting minor fluctuations) to ultimately output power that fully conforms to the preset range, directly meeting the inverter's stable input requirements.

[0043] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, step 102 specifically includes: Step 1021: The main control unit detects the voltage and power values ​​of the first DC power in real time and compares the detected voltage and power values ​​with a preset range.

[0044] The main control unit collects the voltage and power values ​​of the first DC current multiple times per second using voltage and current sensors, and compares them with the preset range in real time.

[0045] Step 1022: When the detected voltage value deviates from the preset range, and / or the detected power value deviates from the preset range, the main control unit sends a power compensation command to the battery control module.

[0046] When a voltage or power deviation from a preset range is detected, the main control unit calculates the required compensation amount based on the degree of deviation and sends a power compensation command to the battery management module.

[0047] In one embodiment, for example, if the detected value is 19V and 65W (lower than the preset 20V-22V and 70W-80W): it is calculated that output compensation is needed, that is, the voltage needs to be increased by 1V, and the corresponding power needs to be supplemented by 5W. Therefore, a command is issued to control the energy storage unit to output 5W of power. If the detected value is 23V and 85W, which is higher than the preset range, it is calculated that power needs to be absorbed, that is, the voltage needs to be reduced by 1V, and the corresponding power needs to be absorbed by 5W. Therefore, a command is issued to control the energy storage unit to absorb 5W of power.

[0048] Step 1023: The battery management module controls the energy storage unit to output or absorb corresponding compensation power according to the power compensation command.

[0049] The battery management module receives the power compensation command and then controls the charging and discharging circuit switch of the energy storage unit (such as a lithium battery pack) to adjust the charging and discharging current, thereby achieving precise power compensation.

[0050] For example, upon receiving a 5W output command: the BMS closes the discharge circuit of the energy storage unit and controls the discharge current (e.g., for a 12V energy storage unit, when it needs to output 5W power, the current = 5W ÷ 12V ≈ 0.42A) to supplement the main circuit with 5W power.

[0051] For example, when receiving a 5W charge, the BMS closes the charging circuit of the energy storage unit and controls the charging current (e.g., for the same 12V energy storage unit, when absorbing 5W of power, the current = 5W ÷ 12V ≈ 0.42A), and extracts 5W of power from the main circuit for storage.

[0052] Step 1024: The first DC power output from the maximum power tracker and the compensation power output from the energy storage unit are input to the voltage conversion unit. The voltage conversion unit performs voltage conversion on the combined electrical energy and outputs a second DC power that is stable within the preset range.

[0053] After compensation, the first DC power and the compensation power of the energy storage unit converge (power superposition) at the input of the voltage conversion unit, and then are processed by DC-DC conversion technology to finally output a second DC power whose voltage and power are completely stable within the preset range.

[0054] For example, the original first DC power is 19V, 65W, plus the energy storage unit outputs 5W, and the total power after combining is 70W. The voltage is boosted to 20V by the conversion unit, and the second DC power of 20V and 70W is output (in line with the preset range). The original first DC power is 23V, 85W. The energy storage unit absorbs 5W, and the total power after the current is combined is 80W. The voltage is stepped down to 22V by the conversion unit, and the output is 22V, 80W second DC power (within the preset range).

[0055] In summary, this embodiment, through real-time response (typically completed in milliseconds), can quickly compensate even if the first DC power fluctuates drastically due to sudden changes in sunlight (such as dropping from 85W to 65W within 1 second), ensuring that the final output remains stable within the preset range, thus fundamentally solving the volatility problem of photovoltaic power generation.

[0056] In the above scheme, each battery pack in the energy storage unit needs to be charged and discharged. Furthermore, when the weather changes frequently throughout the day (e.g., alternating between cloudy and sunny), the battery packs will repeatedly engage in charging and discharging. For each battery pack in the energy storage unit, if a single battery pack is simultaneously charging and discharging for an extended period, it will significantly impact its lifespan. To address this issue, in one embodiment, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the method further includes: Step 201: When the battery control module controls the energy storage unit to output compensation power, it prioritizes the discharge of the battery pack with the highest state of charge in the energy storage unit.

[0057] In particular, battery packs with excessively low state of charge (SOC) (e.g., below 20%) are prone to sulfation of the plates and shortened lifespan if frequently discharged. Therefore, prioritizing the use of high SOC batteries can reduce the risk of deep discharge in any particular battery pack. If low SOC batteries are used preferentially for a long period, the SOC difference between battery packs will become increasingly larger (some over-discharged, some idle). Prioritizing the use of high SOC batteries can gradually narrow the gap and avoid the extreme situation where one pack is fully charged and idle, while another is operating at a low charge.

[0058] In one embodiment, when the energy storage unit needs to output compensation power (such as when photovoltaic power generation is insufficient and electrical energy needs to be released to supplement it), the battery management module will first detect the state of charge of all battery packs and prioritize the group (or several groups) with the highest SOC for discharge.

[0059] For example, assuming the energy storage unit contains three battery packs with SOCs of 80%, 60%, and 40% respectively, when a 10W compensation power output is required, the battery pack with an SOC of 80% will be discharged first, rather than allowing all three battery packs to discharge simultaneously or randomly selecting one battery pack to discharge.

[0060] Step 202: When the battery control module controls the energy storage unit to absorb power for charging, it prioritizes charging the battery pack with the lowest state of charge in the energy storage unit.

[0061] Specifically, when the energy storage unit needs to absorb power (such as when there is excess photovoltaic power and energy needs to be stored), the battery management module also detects the SOC of all battery packs and prioritizes charging the pack (or packs) with the lowest SOC. For example, taking the above three battery packs (SOC=80%, 60%, 40%) as an example, when absorbing 10W of power is required, the battery pack with SOC=40% will be charged first, rather than the charging amount will be evenly distributed.

[0062] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, step 201 specifically includes: Step 2011: The battery control module synchronously collects the voltage and current at both ends of each battery pack in the micro energy storage unit at a fixed sampling period.

[0063] The battery control module synchronously collects the voltage across all battery packs in the energy storage unit (e.g., 12V±0.5V for a single battery pack) and the real-time current (positive during discharge and negative during charging) at fixed intervals (e.g., once every 100 milliseconds) through voltage and current sensors.

[0064] Step 2012: Based on the collected voltage and current, and combined with the battery pack temperature data, calculate and update the state of charge of each battery pack in real time to obtain the system SOC state table.

[0065] Based on the collected voltage and current, combined with the real-time temperature data of each battery pack (obtained through temperature sensors), the real-time SOC value of each battery pack is calculated using an SOC algorithm (such as ampere-hour integration method + open circuit voltage correction), and updated to the system SOC status table (the table contains information such as battery pack number, real-time SOC value, temperature, and health status).

[0066] Step 2013: The battery control module selects all available battery packs from the system SOC status table according to preset conditions, and sorts all available battery packs in descending order according to their real-time SOC values ​​to generate a priority discharge queue.

[0067] The battery control module selects available battery packs from the system's SOC status table based on preset conditions (such as SOC ≥ 20%, temperature between 0-45℃, and no fault alarms), and then sorts them from high to low according to the real-time SOC value to form a priority discharge queue.

[0068] Step 2014: The battery control module receives and parses the power compensation command from the main control unit to obtain the total compensation power value to be output. Based on the total compensation power value, the power allocation algorithm of the battery control module selects one or more battery packs with the highest real-time SOC value from the first position of the priority discharge queue for discharge.

[0069] The battery control module parses the power compensation command from the main control unit (e.g., if a total compensation power of 150W is required), calculates the number of battery packs to be called through the power allocation algorithm, and selects them starting from the first position of the priority discharge queue until the total power requirement is met.

[0070] In one embodiment, the power allocation logic includes: the maximum discharge power of a single battery pack is limited (e.g., the maximum discharge power of a single pack is 100W, determined by the battery capacity and discharge rate); if the total compensation power is less than or equal to the maximum discharge power of a single pack, only the battery pack at the head of the queue is called; if the total compensation power is greater than the maximum discharge power of a single pack, the subsequent battery packs in the queue are called sequentially until the sum of the total power meets the requirements.

[0071] In one embodiment, during the discharge process, the battery control module continuously monitors the changes in the real-time SOC value of all discharging battery packs. When the real-time SOC value of a discharging battery pack continues to decrease, causing the difference between its real-time SOC value and that of subsequent battery packs in the queue to narrow to within a first set threshold, the battery control module automatically dynamically incorporates the subsequent battery packs into the current discharge cluster and redistributes the discharge power to achieve load balancing among multiple battery packs.

[0072] As the SOC of the discharging battery pack continues to decrease, the difference between its SOC and that of the next battery pack in the priority discharge queue narrows to a first set threshold (e.g., 5%, which can be adjusted according to battery characteristics). The battery control module automatically adds subsequent battery packs in the queue to the current discharge cluster and redistributes the total discharge power, allowing multiple battery packs to share the load.

[0073] For example, initially, group A (SOC 85%) discharges alone, handling a total power of 100W. The next group in the queue is group B (SOC 70%), with a difference of 15% (>5% threshold). After discharging for a period of time, group A's SOC drops to 72%, while group B remains at 70%, reducing the difference to 2% (<5% threshold). At this point, group B is added to the discharge cluster, and the total power of 100W is redistributed, with 50W for group A and 50W for group B, preventing group A from continuously discharging alone and causing a rapid drop in SOC. This scheme prevents individual battery packs from aging rapidly due to prolonged high-load discharge, while maintaining a relatively balanced SOC across multiple battery packs, reducing the pressure of subsequent adjustments.

[0074] In one embodiment, when the SOC value of a discharging battery pack drops to a second set threshold, the battery control module degrades or removes it from the current discharge cluster and promotes the next battery pack with a higher real-time SOC value in the priority discharge queue to take over its discharge task.

[0075] In one embodiment, when the SOC of a discharging battery pack continuously drops to a second preset threshold (e.g., 20%, a safety baseline to avoid over-discharge), the battery control module immediately removes the battery pack from the discharge cluster (stops its discharge) and selects the next battery pack with the highest SOC from the priority discharge queue to take over its discharge task, while redistributing the remaining total power.

[0076] For example, groups A (72%) and B (70%) discharge together, with a total power of 100W. After continuous discharge, the SOC of group A drops to 20% (reaching the second set threshold), and group B drops to 65%. The next group in the queue is group C (SOC 50%). At this point, group A is removed (discharge stops), and group C is added to the cluster. The total power of 100W is redistributed as 60W for group B and 40W for group C, ensuring stable total power output. This scheme fundamentally prevents battery damage caused by over-discharge (such as plate sulfation and permanent capacity decay), while ensuring uninterrupted discharge through rapid replacement, thus meeting power compensation requirements.

[0077] In one embodiment, such as Figure 7 As shown, step 202 specifically includes: Step 2021: The battery control module sorts the selected rechargeable battery packs in ascending order according to their real-time SOC values ​​to form a priority charging queue. The battery pack with the lowest real-time SOC value is located at the head of the queue and has the highest charging priority.

[0078] The battery control module selects rechargeable battery packs from all battery packs (which must meet preset conditions, such as SOC≤80%, temperature between 0-45℃, and no charging faults). Then, it sorts these rechargeable battery packs from low to high according to their real-time SOC values ​​to form a priority charging queue. The battery pack with the lowest SOC is placed at the front of the queue and receives the highest charging priority.

[0079] Step 2022: The battery control module receives and parses the power compensation command from the main control unit to determine the total charging power to be absorbed. The charging management algorithm of the battery control module starts from the head of the priority charging queue and allocates the total charging power to one or more battery packs with the lowest real-time SOC value for charging.

[0080] The battery control module parses the power compensation command from the main control unit (e.g., if a total charging power of 200W is required), calculates which battery packs need to be charged using the charging management algorithm, and allocates the total charging power to the battery pack with the lowest SOC starting from the head of the priority charging queue, until the total power requirement is met.

[0081] In one embodiment, the specific charging power allocation logic includes: The maximum charging power of a single battery pack is limited (e.g., the maximum charging power of a single pack is 100W, which is determined by the battery capacity and charging rate to avoid damage to the battery by high-current fast charging); if the total charging power is less than or equal to the maximum charging power of a single pack, only the battery pack at the head of the queue is charged; if the total charging power is greater than the maximum charging power of a single pack, the power is allocated to the subsequent battery packs in the queue in turn until the sum of the total charging power meets the requirements.

[0082] For example, if the total charging power requirement is 150W and the maximum charging power of a single group is 100W: the first 30% SOC battery group in the queue is charged with 100W first, and the remaining 50W is allocated to the second 50% SOC battery group in the queue. In the end, the two groups are charged with 100W and 50W respectively, for a total power of 150W. If the total charging power requirement is 80W: only the first 30% SOC battery group in the queue needs to be charged with 80W, and there is no need to charge the other battery groups.

[0083] In one embodiment, during the charging process, the battery control module continuously monitors the real-time SOC value changes of all battery packs being charged. When the real-time SOC value of a battery pack being charged in the priority charging queue rises to within a third set threshold difference from the average real-time SOC value of subsequent battery packs in the queue, one or more battery packs following the battery pack being charged in the priority charging queue are automatically dynamically incorporated into the current charging cluster, and the charging current is redistributed to achieve synchronous and balanced charging of multiple battery packs with low real-time SOC values.

[0084] Specifically, when the SOC of the battery pack being charged continues to rise, and the gap between it and the average SOC of the subsequent uncharged battery packs in the priority charging queue narrows to a third preset threshold (e.g., 5%, which can be adjusted according to battery characteristics), the battery control module automatically incorporates one or more subsequent battery packs with lower SOCs into the current charging cluster, reallocates the total charging current (or power), and allows multiple low-SOC battery packs to charge synchronously.

[0085] For example, in the initial state, in the priority charging queue, group A (SOC 30%) is charging at 100W, and the subsequent uncharged battery groups are group B (40%) and group C (45%). The subsequent average is (40%+45%)÷2=42.5%, and the difference between group A and the average is 12.5% ​​(>5% threshold). After charging for a period of time, the SOC of group A rises to 38%, and the subsequent average is still 42.5%, and the difference narrows to 4.5% (<5% threshold). At this time, group B (40%) is included in the charging cluster, and the total charging power (assuming it is still 100W) is redistributed to group A at 50W and group B at 50W, so that the two are charged synchronously.

[0086] In one embodiment, when the real-time SOC value of the battery pack being charged is higher than a preset percentage of the average real-time SOC value of the subsequent battery packs, the battery control module will degrade or remove it from the priority charging queue and concentrate the charging resources on the remaining battery packs with lower real-time SOC values ​​in the queue for charging.

[0087] In one embodiment, when the SOC of a charging battery pack continues to rise and exceeds a preset percentage (e.g., 10%, i.e., the current battery pack's SOC > the average of subsequent uncharged battery packs in the priority charging queue) of the preset charging queue, the battery control module removes the battery pack from the charging cluster (stops charging) and centrally allocates its originally allocated charging resources (current or power) to battery packs with lower remaining SOCs in the queue.

[0088] In one embodiment, for example, continuing the previous example, Group A (38%) and Group B (40%) are charged at 50W, with a total power of 100W. The SOC of Group C, which is not charged afterward, is 45%, and the subsequent average is 45%. After continuous charging, the SOC of Group A rises to 50%, Group B rises to 48%, and Group C remains at 45%. At this point, the SOC of Group A (50%) is 5% higher than the subsequent average (45%), but has not reached the 10% threshold, so charging continues. After charging for a period of time, the SOC of Group A rises to 60%, Group B rises to 55%, and Group C remains at 45%. The SOC of Group A at 60% is 15% higher than the subsequent average 45% (>10% threshold). At this point, Group A is removed (charging stops), and its 50W charging power is allocated to Groups B and C, becoming 70W for Group B and 30W for Group C (the total power is still 100W), concentrating resources to charge the battery pack with the lower SOC. The above solution can prevent a battery pack from reaching an excessively high SOC (approaching the risk of overcharging) due to prolonged charging, while simultaneously allocating resources to low-SOC battery packs that need more power, thus avoiding the inefficient state of high-SOC battery packs occupying resources and low-SOC battery packs charging slowly.

[0089] In summary, regarding the charging and discharging strategies for the battery packs described above, to further illustrate how to allocate the charging or discharging of each battery pack, in one embodiment, as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the original energy storage unit is disassembled into three (or more) independent battery packs (first battery pack, second battery pack, and third battery pack). Each battery pack corresponds to an independent charge / discharge control link (e.g., the first battery pack corresponds to the first photovoltaic charging switch), and a power supply switch is set at the discharge end (e.g., the first battery pack corresponds to the first power supply switch). All switches are uniformly controlled by the main control unit and battery control module of the intelligent control terminal, realizing independent charge / discharge management of a single battery pack. Each battery pack is equipped with an independent power sensor (e.g., the first power sensor, the second power sensor, and the third power sensor) to collect the remaining power data of the battery pack in real time and upload it to the main control unit. In this scheme, the number of battery packs can be three or even more as mentioned in this scheme, and should not be limited to using only three battery packs.

[0090] In one embodiment, the first DC power output from the power grid tracked by the maximum power tracker is affected by light intensity (such as weak light in the morning and evening, cloud cover, and strong sunlight at noon), resulting in drastic fluctuations in voltage and power. If the fluctuating first DC power is directly input into the inverter after voltage conversion, the AC voltage / frequency output of the inverter will be unstable, failing to meet the power requirements of the base station equipment. Taking a smart control terminal as an example, the charging and discharging control of three independent battery packs in the energy storage unit can be used to compensate for the discharge of the first DC power to smooth out fluctuations caused by insufficient first DC power, and to absorb and smooth out fluctuations caused by excessive first DC power during charging, ensuring the stability of the DC power input to the inverter, and thus ensuring the stability of the inverter's AC output. At the same time, completely depleting the battery before recharging will accelerate battery aging, reduce the number of charge-discharge cycles, and may also cause the battery voltage to be too low, triggering the protection mechanism and requiring repair. It may also affect the battery's performance and capacity. Frequent deep charge-discharge (such as 0%-100%) will consume the number of cycles faster, while shallow charge-discharge (such as 10%-80%) can extend the total lifespan. Therefore, based on the above scheme, the preferred control scheme can specifically include: The first power sensor (SOC sensor 1), the second power sensor (SOC sensor 2), and the third power sensor (SOC sensor 3) monitor the power status of the first battery pack, the second battery pack, and the third battery pack, respectively.

[0091] In one embodiment, when sunlight intensity decreases (e.g., in the early morning or late evening, or when clouds pass by), the initial DC power drops sharply. If directly input to the inverter, this will result in insufficient DC input power, leading to unstable AC output voltage. In this case, battery discharge compensation is needed to fill the power gap, stabilizing the total DC power input to the inverter within the rated range and ensuring the inverter's AC output meets standards. Specific implementation steps include: In one embodiment, such as Figure 9 As shown, the main control unit monitors the power of the first DC power supply in real time, and simultaneously collects the remaining power of the three battery packs through the first, second, and third power sensors, filtering out the usable discharge battery packs with a SOC ≥ 10%. For example, if the detected SOCs of the three battery packs are: Group 1 70%, Group 2 10%, and Group 3 8%, Group 1 (70%) and Group 2 (10%) are selected as usable discharge battery packs, while Group 3 (8%) < 10% is disabled.

[0092] The main control unit sorts available battery packs in descending order of SOC (first pack 70% > second pack 10%), prioritizing the closing of power switches for high SOC battery packs to output compensation power, which is then superimposed on the first DC power and input to the voltage conversion unit. For example, closing the first power switch for the first battery pack results in a 400W compensation power output, which is superimposed on the 600W of the first DC power, for a total power of 1000W, stabilizing the input voltage conversion unit. At this time, the first battery pack only performs discharge compensation and is not connected to the generator for charging, avoiding the shortening of its lifespan by simultaneous charging and discharging.

[0093] When the SOC of the first battery pack drops to 10%, the main control unit immediately disconnects its first power supply switch to stop discharging. If the first DC power is still insufficient (e.g., still 600W), the second power supply switch of the second battery pack is closed, and the second battery pack continues to output 400W of compensation power to ensure that the total power of the input voltage conversion unit is always stable at 1000W and the inverter AC output remains stable at 220V / 50Hz.

[0094] In one embodiment, such as Figure 10 As shown, when the light intensity suddenly increases (such as direct midday sunlight or cloud cover dissipation), the initial DC power becomes excessive (e.g., increasing from the rated 1000W to 1500W). If this power is directly input to the inverter, it will cause the inverter's DC input power to overload, and its output AC voltage may increase from 220V to 240V and the frequency from 50Hz to 52Hz, exceeding the tolerance range of the base station equipment. In this case, the excess power needs to be absorbed and stored by the battery pack to stabilize the total DC power input to the inverter at 1000W, ensuring stable AC output from the inverter. Specific implementation steps include: The main control unit monitors the power of the first DC power supply in real time (confirming excess power: current 1500W - rated 1000W = 500W excess), and simultaneously collects the SOC of the three battery packs through the power sensor, filtering out usable rechargeable battery packs with SOC ≤ 80%. For example, if the detected SOCs of the three battery packs are: first group 10% (just finished discharging), second group 75%, and third group 85%, the first group (10%) and the second group (75%) are filtered out as usable rechargeable battery packs, while the third group (85% > 80%) is disabled.

[0095] The main control unit sorts available battery packs in ascending order of SOC (first group 10% < second group 75%), prioritizing the closing of the photovoltaic charging switch for the lower SOC battery pack, and storing the excess power of the first DC current into the lower SOC battery pack. For example, when the first photovoltaic charging switch of the first battery pack is closed, the first battery pack absorbs 500W of excess power (of the first 1500W DC current, 1000W is input to the inverter, and 500W charges the first battery pack); at this time, the first battery pack only performs charging absorption and does not connect to the inverter for discharge.

[0096] When the first battery pack's SOC reaches 80% (the upper limit to avoid overcharging), the main control unit immediately disconnects the first photoelectric charging switch to stop charging. If the first DC power still has more than 500W of excess power, the second photoelectric charging switch of the second battery pack is closed, and the second battery pack continues to absorb the more than 500W of excess power until the first DC power drops to 1000W (no excess), or all available battery packs are charged to 80%, always ensuring that the DC power input to the inverter is stable, thereby ensuring that its AC output meets the standards.

[0097] In summary, by compensating for insufficient power during battery discharge and absorbing excess power during charging, the power fluctuations of the initial DC power are directly mitigated, ensuring stable DC power / voltage input to the inverter. This prevents abnormal AC output from the inverter at the source and perfectly matches the stable power requirements of base station equipment. Furthermore, each battery pack performs only one task at a time—either discharge compensation or charge absorption (e.g., not discharging while charging, or not charging while discharging)—solving the core problem of significantly shortened battery life caused by simultaneous charging and discharging.

[0098] Example 3: In conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, there is also a preferred extension scheme. For application scenarios with multiple battery packs, in addition to satisfying the above-mentioned charging and discharging strategies, the main control unit also has the ability to manage the charging and discharging balance of multiple battery cells within each battery pack. That is, for a single battery pack, during charging and discharging, the charging and discharging efficiency between battery cells will differ due to factors such as performance differences, differences in the aging degree of conductive interfaces, and differences in impedance matching among its multiple battery cells. In this case, the charging and discharging balance between battery cells within a single battery pack during operation must also be managed by the main control unit. Therefore, in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, there is also a preferred implementation: In step 301, the main control unit monitors the charge-discharge balance between multiple battery cells in each battery pack within its jurisdiction, and dynamically generates a combined discharge strategy between battery packs based on the most recent charge-discharge balance difference between battery cells.

[0099] In step 302, during the compensation discharge process of the first battery pack, when the main control unit detects that the power loss of the i-th battery cell in the first battery pack is less than 10%, while the power loss of other battery cells in the first battery pack is still more than 30%, the combined discharge strategy analysis is initiated.

[0100] In step 303, the main control unit first analyzes the j-th battery group, which is currently disconnected from the first battery group and can provide supplementary discharge. If the j-th battery group is connected in series with the first battery group, the main control unit controls the first battery group to disconnect its i-th battery cell and establishes a series connection between the battery cell with the highest energy storage saturation in the j-th battery group and the first battery group. At this time, the other battery cells in the j-th battery group are disconnected. Specifically, when the remaining charge of the discharging battery cell in the j-th battery group falls below the third-ranked battery cell in the j-th battery group, or when the remaining charge of the discharging battery cell in the j-th battery group differs from the remaining charge of the original second-ranked battery cell by 20%-30%, the j-th battery group switches its charging battery cell to the battery cell with the highest remaining charge.

[0101] It should be noted that in actual situations, the number of battery cells that experience a drop in remaining power is not necessarily limited to the i-th battery cell; it could be two or more. In this case, following the logic of step 303, the j-th battery group will select its own battery cells from its own battery cells to supplement power, matching the number of battery cells in the first battery group that need to be disconnected.

[0102] In step 304, the battery cells that were disconnected from the discharge process in step 303 are switched to the solar charging process. This establishes a first battery pack equalization discharge process assisted by the j-th battery pack.

[0103] In step 305, while other battery cells in the first battery pack are still discharging, and the i-th battery cell is being charged independently, a target charging value is calculated based on the difference between the previous discharge rate of the i-th battery cell and the discharge rates of the other battery cells in the first battery pack. Furthermore, after the i-th battery cell is charged to the target charging value, the j-th battery pack is disconnected, and the i-th battery cell is recharged, thereby ensuring that the first battery pack is effectively and evenly discharged until the end. This provides a more stable working environment for the charging process throughout the entire system.

[0104] In step 306, after the first battery pack completes the discharge process in step 305, it will switch to the charging process as a whole. At this time, the main control unit will update the combination of the first battery pack and the jth battery pack as described above, based on the charging and discharging health status of the battery cells in each battery pack in the previous round.

[0105] In summary, the above steps, by dynamically monitoring and managing the charge-discharge balance of each battery cell within a multi-battery pack, can promptly activate a combined discharge strategy when performance differences among battery cells within a single battery pack lead to varying charge-discharge efficiencies. This strategy utilizes suitable battery cells from other battery packs connected in series to supplement power, while simultaneously switching degraded battery cells to a charging state. Once these cells reach their target charge value, they are restored to use. Finally, the battery pack combinations are updated based on the charge-discharge health status. This effectively solves the problem of unbalanced charge-discharge caused by differences in battery cell performance and interface aging, ensuring the stability and efficiency of the entire system's charge-discharge process and extending the overall lifespan of the battery pack.

[0106] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A voltage and power stabilization system for new energy power generation based on distributed energy storage, characterized in that, It includes a central controller and multiple intelligent control terminals. The central controller is used to communicate with each intelligent control terminal through a wide area Internet of Things. Multiple intelligent control terminals are connected in series, and the inverter is connected in series with multiple intelligent control terminals connected in series; the intelligent control terminals include a power generation board, a maximum power point tracker, an energy storage unit, a main control unit, and a voltage conversion unit; The power generation panel is connected to the maximum power point tracker (MPPT). The output of the MPPT is connected to the input of the energy storage unit and the input of the voltage conversion unit, respectively. The output of the energy storage unit is connected to the input of the voltage conversion unit. The output of the voltage conversion unit is used to connect to the input of the inverter. The maximum power tracker is used to track the output voltage and current of the power generation panel and output a first DC current; The main control unit is used to detect the first DC current in real time and control the output power of the energy storage unit based on the detection result, so that the output voltage and power of the voltage conversion unit are stabilized within a preset range.

2. The new energy power generation system based on distributed energy storage with stable voltage and power according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control terminal also includes a wireless communication module, which is connected to the main control unit and wirelessly connected to the central controller. The wireless communication module adopts a wide-area wireless Internet of Things protocol, including at least one of WIoTa, NB-IoT or LoRa.

3. The new energy power generation system based on distributed energy storage with stable voltage and power according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control terminal also includes a battery control module, which is connected to both the main control unit and the energy storage unit. The main control unit is used to adjust the control parameters of the battery control module according to the detection results, so as to control the output power of the energy storage unit through the battery control module.

4. A method for stabilizing voltage and power in new energy power generation based on distributed energy storage, characterized in that, Applied to the voltage and power stabilization system for new energy power generation based on distributed energy storage as described in any one of claims 1-3, comprising: The maximum power tracker tracks the output voltage and current of the power generation panel and outputs a first direct current. The main control unit detects the first DC current in real time and controls the output power of the energy storage unit based on the detection result, so that the output voltage and power of the voltage conversion unit are stabilized within a preset range.

5. The voltage and power stabilization method for new energy power generation based on distributed energy storage according to claim 4, characterized in that, The intelligent control terminal also includes a battery control module. The main control unit detects the first DC power in real time and controls the output power of the energy storage unit based on the detection result, so that the output voltage and power of the voltage conversion unit are stabilized within a preset range, specifically including: The main control unit detects the voltage and power values ​​of the first DC power in real time and compares the detected voltage and power values ​​with a preset range; When the detected voltage value deviates from the preset range, and / or when the detected power value deviates from the preset range, the main control unit sends a power compensation command to the battery control module; The battery management module controls the energy storage unit to output or absorb corresponding compensation power according to the power compensation command; The first DC power output from the maximum power tracker and the compensation power output from the energy storage unit are input to the voltage conversion unit. The voltage conversion unit performs voltage conversion on the combined electrical energy and outputs a second DC power that is stable within the preset range.

6. The voltage and power stabilization method for new energy power generation based on distributed energy storage according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the battery control module controls the energy storage unit to output compensation power, it prioritizes the discharge of the battery pack with the highest state of charge in the energy storage unit. When the battery control module controls the energy storage unit to absorb power for charging, it prioritizes charging the battery pack with the lowest state of charge in the energy storage unit.

7. The voltage and power stabilization method for new energy power generation based on distributed energy storage according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the battery control module controls the energy storage unit to output compensation power, it prioritizes the discharge of the battery pack with the highest state of charge in the energy storage unit, specifically including: The battery control module synchronously collects the voltage and current across each battery pack in the micro-energy storage unit at a fixed sampling period. Based on the collected voltage and current, and combined with the battery pack temperature data, the battery state of charge of each battery pack is calculated and updated in real time to obtain the system SOC state table. The battery control module selects all available battery packs from the system SOC status table according to preset conditions, and sorts all available battery packs in descending order according to their real-time SOC values ​​to generate a priority discharge queue. The battery control module receives and parses the power compensation command from the main control unit to obtain the total compensation power value to be output. Based on the total compensation power value, the power allocation algorithm of the battery control module selects one or more battery packs with the highest real-time SOC value from the first position of the priority discharge queue for discharge.

8. The voltage and power stabilization method for new energy power generation based on distributed energy storage according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: During the discharge process, the battery control module continuously monitors the changes in the real-time SOC value of all discharging battery packs. When the real-time SOC value of the discharging battery pack continues to decrease, causing the difference between its real-time SOC value and that of the subsequent battery packs in the queue to narrow to within the first set threshold, the battery control module automatically dynamically incorporates the subsequent battery packs into the current discharge cluster and redistributes the discharge power to achieve load balancing among multiple battery packs. When the SOC value of a discharging battery pack drops to the second set threshold, the battery control module degrades or removes it from the current discharge cluster and promotes the next battery pack with a higher real-time SOC value in the priority discharge queue to take over its discharge task.

9. The voltage and power stabilization method for new energy power generation based on distributed energy storage according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the battery control module controls the energy storage unit to absorb power for charging, it prioritizes charging the battery pack with the lowest state of charge in the energy storage unit, specifically including: The battery control module sorts the selected rechargeable battery packs in ascending order according to their real-time SOC values ​​to form a priority charging queue. The battery pack with the lowest real-time SOC value is located at the head of the queue and has the highest charging priority. The battery control module receives and parses the power compensation command from the main control unit to determine the total charging power to be absorbed. The charging management algorithm of the battery control module starts from the head of the priority charging queue and allocates the total charging power to one or more battery packs with the lowest real-time SOC value for charging.

10. The voltage and power stabilization method for new energy power generation based on distributed energy storage according to claim 9, characterized in that, The method further includes: During the charging process, the battery control module continuously monitors the real-time SOC value changes of all battery packs that are being charged. When the real-time SOC value of a battery pack being charged in the priority charging queue rises to within a third set threshold difference from the average real-time SOC value of the subsequent battery packs in the queue, one or more battery packs following the battery pack being charged in the priority charging queue are automatically dynamically incorporated into the current charging cluster, and the charging current is redistributed to achieve synchronous and balanced charging of multiple battery packs with low real-time SOC values. When the real-time SOC value of the battery pack being charged is higher than a preset percentage of the average real-time SOC value of the subsequent battery packs, the battery control module will degrade or remove it from the priority charging queue and concentrate the charging resources on the remaining battery packs with lower real-time SOC values ​​in the queue for charging.

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