Communication method and communication system

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a communication method and a communication system, and the method is applied to a vehicle end communication device, and comprises the steps: building a connection with a pile end communication device; performing bidirectional authentication on the vehicle end communication device and the pile end communication device to obtain a bidirectional authentication result; under the condition that the bidirectional authentication result represents that the authentication of the vehicle end communication device and the pile end communication device is passed, receiving a scheduling instruction issued by the pile end communication device; forwarding the scheduling instruction to the vehicle, and receiving response information returned by the vehicle; and sending the response information to the pile end communication device. The technical problem that the safety of communication between the vehicle and the charging pile is poor is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the fields of vehicles and communication authentication, and more specifically, to a communication method and a communication system. Background Technology

[0002] Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology is gradually becoming an important bridge for the integration of the power grid with new energy vehicles and charging piles. The core of this technology lies in the efficient, stable and secure data interaction between vehicles, charging piles and the power grid.

[0003] In existing technologies, data transmission typically relies on power lines. However, due to the complexity and volatility of the power grid, using power lines as a medium for data transmission makes the data susceptible to electromagnetic interference, signal attenuation, and other factors, which may lead to data transmission errors. Consequently, the communication between the vehicle and the charging station suffers from poor security.

[0004] There is currently no good solution to the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a communication method and a communication system to at least solve the technical problem of poor security in vehicle-charging pile communication.

[0006] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a communication method is provided, which is applied to a vehicle-side communication device deployed in a vehicle, comprising: establishing a connection with a charging pile-side communication device, wherein the charging pile-side communication device is deployed in a charging pile; performing bidirectional authentication between the vehicle-side communication device and the charging pile-side communication device to obtain a bidirectional authentication result, wherein the bidirectional authentication result is used to characterize whether the vehicle-side communication device and the charging pile-side communication device have been successfully authenticated; if the bidirectional authentication result characterizes that the vehicle-side communication device and the charging pile-side communication device have been successfully authenticated, receiving a dispatch instruction issued by the charging pile-side communication device, wherein the dispatch instruction is issued by the power grid dispatch center to the charging pile-side communication device for dispatching vehicle charging and discharging instructions, and the power grid dispatch center is deployed in the power grid; forwarding the dispatch instruction to the vehicle and receiving response information returned by the vehicle, wherein the response information is used to characterize the vehicle's execution status of the dispatch instruction; and sending the response information to the charging pile-side communication device.

[0007] Optionally, establishing a connection with the pile-end communication device includes: configuring the vehicle-end communication device based on short-range communication parameters and a communication link to obtain an initialization completion signal; broadcasting the initialization completion signal to the pile-end communication device and receiving a connection request from the pile-end communication device based on the initialization completion signal; and determining that the connection with the pile-end communication device is successful based on the connection request.

[0008] Optionally, performing two-way authentication between the vehicle-side communication device and the pile-side communication device to obtain a two-way authentication result includes: sending first authentication information to the pile-side communication device, wherein the first authentication information is used to authenticate the vehicle-side communication device through the pile-side communication device; receiving second authentication information sent by the pile-side communication device, wherein the second authentication information is sent by the pile-side communication device when the vehicle-side communication device has passed authentication; authenticating the pile-side communication device based on the second authentication information to obtain a two-way authentication result; preferably, the above method further includes: parsing the connection request sent by the pile-side communication device to obtain a first pile-side certificate of the pile-side communication device; signing the first pile-side certificate to obtain first signature information; generating first authentication information based on the first signature information and the first vehicle-side certificate of the vehicle-side communication device; preferably, authenticating the pile-side communication device based on the second authentication information to obtain a two-way authentication result includes: decrypting the second authentication information to obtain a second vehicle-side certificate of the vehicle-side communication device; and validating the second vehicle-side certificate to obtain a two-way authentication result.

[0009] Optionally, sending the response information to the pile-end communication device includes: packaging the response information according to a preset format to obtain an initial data packet; encrypting the initial data packet based on a session key to obtain an encrypted data packet, wherein the session key is negotiated with the pile-end communication device; and sending the encrypted data packet to the pile-end communication device. Preferably, sending the encrypted data packet to the pile-end communication device includes: if the encrypted data packet is larger than a preset number of bytes, fragmenting the encrypted data packet to obtain multiple fragments, and sequentially transmitting the multiple fragments to the pile-end communication device.

[0010] Optionally, the above method further includes one of the following: when the vehicle charging is detected to be complete, sending a charging completion signal to the pile terminal communication device and disconnecting the connection with the pile terminal communication device; or when receiving a stop command sent by the pile terminal communication device, disconnecting the connection with the pile terminal communication device.

[0011] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a communication method is provided, which is applied to a charging pile communication device deployed in a charging pile, comprising: establishing a connection with a vehicle-side communication device, wherein the vehicle-side communication device is deployed in a vehicle; performing bidirectional authentication between the vehicle-side communication device and the charging pile communication device to obtain a bidirectional authentication result, wherein the bidirectional authentication result is used to characterize whether the vehicle-side communication device and the charging pile communication device have been successfully authenticated; if the bidirectional authentication result characterizes that the vehicle-side communication device and the charging pile communication device have been successfully authenticated, sending a dispatching instruction to the vehicle-side communication device, wherein the dispatching instruction is an instruction issued by the power grid dispatching center to the charging pile communication device for dispatching vehicle charging and discharging, and the power grid dispatching center is deployed in the power grid; and receiving response information from the vehicle-side communication device in response to the dispatching instruction, wherein the response information characterizes the vehicle's execution status of the dispatching instruction.

[0012] Optionally, establishing a connection with the vehicle-side communication device includes: receiving an initialization completion signal broadcast by the vehicle-side communication device; and, if the vehicle-side communication device is determined based on the signal strength of the initialization completion signal, sending a connection request to the vehicle-side communication device.

[0013] Optionally, two-way authentication is performed on the vehicle-side communication device and the pile-side communication device to obtain a two-way authentication result, including: receiving first authentication information sent by the vehicle-side communication device; authenticating the vehicle-side communication device based on the first authentication information to obtain a preliminary authentication result, wherein the preliminary authentication result is used to characterize whether the pile-side communication device has successfully authenticated the vehicle-side communication device; if the preliminary authentication result indicates that the pile-side communication device has successfully authenticated the vehicle-side communication device, sending second authentication information to the vehicle-side communication device and receiving the two-way authentication result sent by the vehicle-side communication device, wherein the two-way authentication result is based on the second authentication information to characterize the pile-side communication device. The method further includes, preferably, generating a connection request based on a second pile-end certificate of the pile-end communication device before receiving the first authentication information sent by the vehicle-end communication device; sending the connection request to the vehicle-end communication device; preferably, authenticating the vehicle-end communication device based on the first authentication information to obtain a preliminary authentication result, including: parsing the first authentication information to obtain a third vehicle-end certificate of the vehicle-end communication device; verifying the validity of the third vehicle-end certificate to obtain a preliminary authentication result; preferably, the method further includes: signing the third vehicle-end certificate to obtain second signature information; generating second authentication information based on the second signature information.

[0014] Optionally, the above method further includes one of the following: disconnecting from the vehicle-side communication device upon receiving a charging completion signal from the vehicle-side communication device; or sending a shutdown command to the vehicle-side communication device and disconnecting from the vehicle-side communication device upon detecting a power abnormality or insulation abnormality.

[0015] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a communication system is provided, including: a vehicle-mounted communication device deployed in a vehicle, wherein the vehicle-mounted communication device is used to perform bidirectional authentication between the vehicle-mounted communication device and the pile-end communication device after establishing a connection with the pile-end communication device, and obtain a bidirectional authentication result; if the bidirectional authentication result indicates that the vehicle-mounted communication device and the pile-end communication device have successfully authenticated, the system receives a dispatch instruction issued by the pile-end communication device and forwards the dispatch instruction to the vehicle; receives response information returned by the vehicle and sends the response information to the pile-end communication device; wherein the bidirectional authentication result is used to indicate whether the vehicle-mounted communication device and the pile-end communication device have successfully authenticated, and the dispatch instruction is issued by the power grid dispatch center. The system sends instructions to the charging pile communication device to schedule vehicle charging and discharging. The power grid dispatch center, deployed within the power grid, uses response information to indicate the vehicle's execution of the dispatch instructions. The charging pile communication device, deployed within the charging pile, performs two-way authentication between the vehicle-side communication device and the charging pile communication device. Upon successful authentication, the system sends the dispatch instructions to the vehicle-side communication device and receives its response. The power grid dispatch center, also deployed within the power grid, sends dispatch instructions to the charging pile communication device and receives its response.

[0016] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a vehicle is also provided, including: a memory storing an executable program; and a processor for running the program, wherein the program executes the methods in various embodiments of this application when it runs.

[0017] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, the computer-readable storage medium including a stored executable program, wherein, when the executable program is running, it controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform the methods of various embodiments of this application.

[0018] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer program product is also provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods of various embodiments of this application.

[0019] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer program product is also provided, including a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods in various embodiments of this application.

[0020] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer program is also provided, which, when executed by a processor, implements the methods of the various embodiments of this application.

[0021] In this embodiment, after the vehicle-side communication device and the charging pile-side communication device establish a connection, they perform bidirectional authentication to obtain a bidirectional authentication result. If the bidirectional authentication result indicates that the vehicle-side communication device and the charging pile-side communication device have successfully authenticated, the device receives the dispatch instruction issued by the charging pile-side communication device, forwards the dispatch instruction to the vehicle, and receives the response information returned by the vehicle, then sends the response information to the charging pile-side communication device. This application deploys a vehicle-side communication device in the vehicle and a charging pile-side communication device in the charging pile. Through the vehicle-side communication device and the charging pile-side communication device, communication between the vehicle and the charging pile can be achieved. Based on successful bidirectional authentication, the vehicle-side communication device can securely receive and promptly forward dispatch instructions to the vehicle, and securely report the response information after the vehicle executes the dispatch instruction to the charging pile-side communication device, achieving the purpose of secure communication. This improves the technical effect of enhancing the security of vehicle-charging pile communication and solves the technical problem of poor security in vehicle-charging pile communication. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an optional communication method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an optional communication interaction architecture according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0029] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0030] According to an embodiment of this application, a method embodiment of a communication method is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0031] This embodiment provides a communication method applied to a vehicle-side communication device deployed in a vehicle. Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0032] Step S102: Establish a connection with the pile end communication device.

[0033] The communication device at the charging pile is deployed in the charging pile.

[0034] Vehicles equipped with vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication devices can interact with charging stations to achieve vehicle-to-station communication. Charging stations also have their own communication devices for communication with the V2X devices. Through this two-way interaction, data exchange between the vehicle and charging station is possible, enabling V2G collaborative operation once the charging station is connected to the power grid.

[0035] The aforementioned vehicle-to-vehicle communication device can be deployed in the vehicle to communicate with the charging pile communication device, thereby enabling the vehicle and the charging pile to form a communication link. In addition, the vehicle-to-vehicle communication device, as a bridge between the vehicle and the external charging infrastructure, also supports the realization of V2G, that is, bidirectional energy transfer between the vehicle and the power grid.

[0036] Vehicle-side communication devices may include, but are not limited to, core processing units, encryption units, BMS (Battery Management System) interfaces, and power supply units.

[0037] The core processing unit employs a dual-core microcontroller unit supporting the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) protocol. The main core has a clock speed of 50MHz to 80MHz and is used for BLE protocol stack operation and encryption calculations. The secondary core has a clock speed of 16MHz to 32MHz and focuses on BMS data acquisition. It supports AOA (Angle of Arrival) positioning, and its transmit power is adjustable from -40dBm to +8dBm. At a rate of 125kbps, the receive sensitivity is ≤-95dBm, meeting communication distance requirements of 10m to 30m.

[0038] The encryption module integrates a security chip, supports elliptic curve encryption (key length can be 256 bits) and block encryption (key length can be 128 bits), communicates with the core processing unit through the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) interface, has a data transmission rate of ≥5Mbps, and has a modification-resistant storage area for secure key storage.

[0039] The BMS interaction interface includes a CAN transceiver, which can interface with the vehicle BMS system through the Unified Diagnostic Services (UDS) protocol. The parameters that the BMS interaction interface can collect include, but are not limited to: battery state of charge (SOC) (accuracy within ±1.5%, sampling frequency 0.5Hz~2Hz), individual cell voltage (measurement range 2.5V~4.5V, accuracy ±10mV), battery pack temperature (measurement range -40℃~105℃, sampling points ≥8), and charge / discharge capacity (adjustment step size ≤2kW).

[0040] The power supply unit can use a low-dropout linear regulator with an input voltage that is compatible with the range of vehicle batteries (9V~16V), an output voltage of 3.3V±0.1V, an output current of ≥200mA, and a ripple voltage of ≤100mV, ensuring stable operation of the vehicle-side communication device.

[0041] The aforementioned pile-end communication device can be configured with 3 to 4 omnidirectional antennas (gain 1dBi to 3dBi, vertical polarization, impedance 50Ω). The pile-end communication device can be deployed in the charging pile. If deployed circumferentially on the top of the charging pile, it can achieve 360° signal coverage, and the received signal strength detection threshold can be set to -75dBm to -90dBm.

[0042] The pile-end communication device may include, but is not limited to, a multi-channel receiving array, a security processing unit, a protocol conversion module, and an energy conversion unit. The multi-channel receiving array can consist of 4 to 8 independent transceiver chips, each corresponding to an independent communication channel, supporting an adjustable broadcast scan interval of 10ms to 1s, with channel synchronization achieved through a main control chip.

[0043] The security processing unit can integrate hardware security modules that meet functional safety standards, supporting encryption algorithms such as Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and block ciphers. The security processing unit can have a built-in true random number generator, a high level of physical protection for the key storage area, and can also communicate with the main control unit via Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C), with an encryption operation response time ≤20ms.

[0044] Protocol conversion modules can include, but are not limited to, power line communication (PLC) and Ethernet units. The PLC unit supports multiple transmission protocols, with a transmission rate ≥1Mbps, is compatible with low-voltage distribution networks (220V / 380V, 50Hz), and its anti-interference capability meets preset standards. The Ethernet unit supports 10 / 100Mbps adaptive rates and can communicate with the power grid dispatch center via Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP).

[0045] The energy conversion unit is equipped with a bidirectional DC / DC converter with an input voltage range of 200V~450V, an output voltage adjustment range of 50V~500V, a rated power of 50kW~150kW, and an energy conversion efficiency of ≥95% (load rate range of 30%~100%). It can receive power adjustment commands via CAN bus with a response time of ≤30ms.

[0046] In one optional embodiment, the vehicle-mounted communication device can broadcast a Bluetooth signal. After the charging pile-mounted communication device scans the Bluetooth signal, it initiates a pairing request. This pairing request may include, but is not limited to, the charging pile's equipment and parameters. Thus, upon receiving the pairing request, the vehicle-mounted communication device can prompt the user to confirm the connection, or automatically connect. After confirmation, the vehicle-mounted communication device and the charging pile-mounted communication device are successfully connected.

[0047] In another alternative embodiment, the vehicle-mounted communication device can establish a wireless connection with the charging pile communication device via a router, cellular network, or satellite communication. For example, the vehicle-mounted communication device can utilize a wireless router or gateway installed at the charging location as a relay point to establish a wireless connection with the charging pile communication device.

[0048] Step S104: Perform two-way authentication on the vehicle-end communication device and the pile-end communication device to obtain the two-way authentication result.

[0049] The two-way authentication result is used to characterize whether the vehicle-side communication device and the pile-side communication device have been successfully authenticated.

[0050] The aforementioned two-way authentication is a security mechanism that ensures both communicating parties verify each other's identity. The result of two-way authentication can be either successful or unsuccessful. Successful two-way authentication means that both parties have confirmed each other as legitimate and trustworthy entities, allowing the vehicle-side communication device and the pile-side communication device to securely exchange data in subsequent communications.

[0051] In one optional embodiment, the vehicle-mounted communication device and the pile-mounted communication device can exchange their respective digital certificates to mutually verify the digital certificates, thereby obtaining a two-way authentication result. The digital certificate can be an electronic document issued by a third party. Two-way authentication based on digital certificates ensures the information security between the vehicle-mounted communication device and the pile-mounted communication device, and has higher security compared to one-way authentication or direct connection without authentication.

[0052] In another alternative embodiment, the vehicle-mounted communication device and the pile-end communication device can be connected to a blockchain network to achieve two-way authentication. Nodes in the blockchain network are used to authenticate the vehicle-mounted communication device and the pile-end communication device.

[0053] Step S106: If the two-way authentication result indicates that the vehicle-side communication device and the pile-side communication device have been successfully authenticated, the dispatch instruction issued by the pile-side communication device is received.

[0054] The dispatching instructions are issued by the power grid dispatching center to the pile-end communication device to dispatch vehicle charging and discharging instructions. The power grid dispatching center is deployed in the power grid.

[0055] The aforementioned dispatch instructions can refer to the instructions issued by the power grid dispatch center to the communication device at the charging pile end to control the charging and discharging behavior of vehicles, thereby balancing power supply and demand and reducing pressure on the power grid. Dispatch instructions may include, but are not limited to, parameters such as charging time, charging power, and discharging instructions.

[0056] The power grid dispatch center can be a module deployed within the power grid for communication and dispatching with multiple vehicles or charging piles in V2G aggregation. The power grid dispatch center can issue dispatch commands to control charging piles and vehicles, and it can also receive data reported by the charging pile communication devices, such as charging pile load.

[0057] Receiving dispatch instructions from the charging station's communication device without two-way authentication may result in receiving forged instructions or instructions from other charging stations. Receiving incorrect instructions could lead to improper charging and discharging of the vehicle, such as overcharging or over-discharging, which could damage the battery. Furthermore, if the dispatch instruction includes information such as time and price, sending incorrect pricing could negatively impact the user experience.

[0058] Therefore, in this embodiment of the application, when two-way authentication is successful, the dispatching instructions issued by the pile-end communication device are received. This ensures that the transmission of dispatching instructions is carried out under secure conditions, avoids attacks from other devices, and also ensures the security of executing dispatching instructions.

[0059] Step S108: Forward the dispatch instruction to the vehicle and receive the response information returned by the vehicle.

[0060] The response information is used to characterize the execution status of vehicle dispatch instructions.

[0061] The response information described above is the vehicle's feedback to the dispatch command. This response information may include, but is not limited to, the vehicle's status or result in executing the dispatch command. The response information can be determined from data collected by the vehicle's battery management system or other sensors.

[0062] After receiving a dispatch instruction, the vehicle-side communication device can forward it to the vehicle, enabling the vehicle to perform charging and discharging operations based on the instruction. The vehicle can convert the dispatch instruction into control signals or parameters to instruct it to start or stop charging and discharging, adjust the charging and discharging power, etc. After executing the dispatch instruction, the vehicle can feed back the status to the vehicle-side communication device, which then reports the response information to the charging pile-side communication device.

[0063] Step S110: Send the response information to the pile end communication device.

[0064] In one optional embodiment, the vehicle-mounted communication device can send response information to the pile-end communication device via Bluetooth. The vehicle-mounted communication device can package the response information into data packets and use key encryption to ensure the security of the response information transmission. Bluetooth transmission enables real-time communication for timely reporting of vehicle performance.

[0065] In another alternative embodiment, the response information can be sent to the pile-end communication device via a router or cellular network. For example, the vehicle-mounted communication device can send the response information to a server via a cellular network, and the server can then forward the response information to the pile-end communication device.

[0066] In this embodiment, after the vehicle-side communication device and the charging pile-side communication device establish a connection, they perform bidirectional authentication to obtain a bidirectional authentication result. If the bidirectional authentication result indicates that the vehicle-side communication device and the charging pile-side communication device have successfully authenticated, the device receives the dispatch instruction issued by the charging pile-side communication device, forwards the dispatch instruction to the vehicle, and receives the response information returned by the vehicle, then sends the response information to the charging pile-side communication device. This application deploys a vehicle-side communication device in the vehicle and a charging pile-side communication device in the charging pile. Through the vehicle-side communication device and the charging pile-side communication device, communication between the vehicle and the charging pile can be achieved. Based on successful bidirectional authentication, the vehicle-side communication device can securely receive and promptly forward dispatch instructions to the vehicle, and securely report the response information after the vehicle executes the dispatch instruction to the charging pile-side communication device, achieving the purpose of secure communication. This improves the technical effect of enhancing the security of vehicle-charging pile communication and solves the technical problem of poor security in vehicle-charging pile communication.

[0067] Optionally, establishing a connection with the pile-end communication device includes: configuring the vehicle-end communication device based on short-range communication parameters and a communication link to obtain an initialization completion signal; broadcasting the initialization completion signal to the pile-end communication device and receiving a connection request from the pile-end communication device based on the initialization completion signal; and determining that the connection with the pile-end communication device is successful based on the connection request.

[0068] In one optional embodiment, after the vehicle-mounted communication device is started, it can be initialized according to preset communication parameters (such as Bluetooth communication parameters, service identifier, broadcast interval, etc.) and communication links (such as Bluetooth channel, transmit power, etc.). This configuration process ensures that the vehicle-mounted communication device can broadcast correctly and is ready to receive signals from the pile-end communication device. The initialization completion signal is a sign that the vehicle-mounted communication device has entered a normal working state. The vehicle-mounted communication device can broadcast the initialization completion signal to the surrounding environment (such as the pile-end communication device) to facilitate subsequent data transmission. The generation of the initialization completion signal indicates that the vehicle-mounted communication device is ready to communicate. Furthermore, the use of short-range communication parameters by the vehicle-mounted communication device can reduce communication power consumption.

[0069] Then, the vehicle-side communication device can broadcast an initialization completion signal to the pile-side communication device, indicating that the vehicle-side communication device has completed configuration and is in a connect-ready state. Upon receiving this broadcast signal, the pile-side communication device can parse the information contained in the initialization completion signal and, based on the parsing result, send a connection request to the vehicle-side communication device. If the vehicle-side communication device receives the connection request from the pile-side communication device based on the initialization completion signal, it can determine that the connection between the two devices has been successful. This means that both are ready for bidirectional data transmission and can begin executing scheduling commands, uploading status data, and other operations.

[0070] The vehicle-mounted communication device facilitates connection establishment by actively broadcasting an initialization completion signal. Not only does the vehicle send an initialization completion signal, but the connection request from the pile also serves as an acknowledgment signal, indicating that the pile has accepted the vehicle's broadcast information and is ready to establish a connection with the vehicle-mounted communication device. Furthermore, the connection request may also include the pile's certificate to ensure timely two-way authentication after the connection is established.

[0071] Optionally, two-way authentication is performed on the vehicle-side communication device and the pile-side communication device to obtain a two-way authentication result, including: sending first authentication information to the pile-side communication device, wherein the first authentication information is used to authenticate the vehicle-side communication device through the pile-side communication device; receiving second authentication information sent by the pile-side communication device, wherein the second authentication information is sent by the pile-side communication device when the vehicle-side communication device has passed authentication; and authenticating the pile-side communication device based on the second authentication information to obtain a two-way authentication result.

[0072] In one optional embodiment, for two-way authentication, the vehicle-side communication device can send first authentication information representing its identity to the charging pile communication device, enabling the charging pile communication device to authenticate the vehicle-side communication device. The first authentication information may include, but is not limited to, the vehicle-side communication device's certificate, encryption information, and authentication validity period. The charging pile communication device uses the first authentication information to ensure the authenticity of information from the vehicle, preventing other vehicles from accessing the charging pile and performing erroneous operations, such as data modification. If the first authentication information is successfully authenticated, the charging pile communication device can establish trust in the vehicle-side communication device, providing security for subsequent data transmission.

[0073] After the vehicle-mounted communication device successfully authenticates the first authentication information, it can receive the second authentication information sent by the pile-end communication device. This allows the vehicle-mounted communication device to verify the identity of the pile-end communication device using the second authentication information, further enhancing system security. The second authentication information may include the pile-end communication device's certificate, encryption information, authentication validity period, etc.

[0074] The vehicle-side communication device authenticates the pile-side communication device using the second authentication information, confirming its legitimacy and avoiding potential security threats. After the pile-side communication device completes its authentication, the vehicle-side communication device also authenticates the pile-side communication device, ensuring a closed loop of two-way authentication and guaranteeing that communication between the two parties is based on mutual trust. Only after both parties have verified each other's legitimacy can two-way authentication be considered successful. Then, encrypted data transmission can begin between the vehicle-side and pile-side communication devices, ensuring the security of subsequent communication content.

[0075] Preferably, the above method further includes: parsing the connection request sent by the pile-end communication device to obtain the first pile-end certificate of the pile-end communication device; signing the first pile-end certificate to obtain first signature information; and generating first authentication information based on the first signature information and the first vehicle-end certificate of the vehicle-end communication device.

[0076] In one optional embodiment, when the vehicle-mounted communication device receives a connection request from the pile-end communication device, it can extract the digital certificate information of the pile-end communication device, i.e., the first pile-end certificate, from the connection request. Using the connection request indicating a successful connection saves the interaction process of two-way authentication. Then, the first pile-end certificate is signed to obtain first signature information. The signing process is actually the encryption of the first pile-end certificate with a private key, ensuring the integrity of the first pile-end certificate. The genuine first vehicle-mounted certificate and the first signature information are then combined to obtain first authentication information, which is sent to the pile-end communication device for authentication of the vehicle-mounted communication device. Successful verification of the first authentication information is a prerequisite for establishing secure communication; subsequent encrypted data transmission will only proceed after both parties have confirmed the legitimacy of the other.

[0077] Preferably, the pile-end communication device is authenticated based on the second authentication information to obtain a two-way authentication result, including: decrypting the second authentication information to obtain a second vehicle-end certificate for the vehicle-end communication device; and verifying the validity of the second vehicle-end certificate to obtain a two-way authentication result.

[0078] In one optional embodiment, after receiving the second authentication information from the pile-end communication device, the vehicle-end communication device can decrypt it using a shared encryption key or its own public key to obtain the vehicle-end certificate returned by the pile-end communication device. By authenticating the second vehicle-end certificate returned by the pile-end communication device, the final two-way authentication result can be determined. Validating the second vehicle-end certificate may involve verifying whether the certificate is valid, authentic, or whether the keys match. Verifying the second vehicle-end certificate can ensure that the digital certificate of the vehicle-end communication device used by the pile-end communication device is valid. Since the pile-end communication device sends the second authentication information to the vehicle-end second authentication information only after completing the authentication of the vehicle-end communication device, the authentication result of the vehicle-end communication device on the second vehicle-end certificate can be used as the final two-way authentication result. If the two-way authentication is successful, it means that both communicating parties have successfully verified the other party's identity and the validity of the certificate.

[0079] Optionally, sending the response information to the pile-end communication device includes: packaging the response information according to a preset format to obtain an initial data packet; encrypting the initial data packet based on a session key to obtain an encrypted data packet, wherein the session key is negotiated with the pile-end communication device; and sending the encrypted data packet to the pile-end communication device.

[0080] In one optional embodiment, after completing a series of operations, such as authentication and status updates, the vehicle-mounted communication device needs to convert the results or specific instructions into electronic data, organize them according to a preset communication protocol or format, and form an initial data packet to facilitate data transmission and parsing by the receiver. Response information is packaged according to a preset format to facilitate sending and avoid communication errors caused by inconsistent formats or data corruption.

[0081] Then, the vehicle-mounted communication device can use the session key to encrypt the initial data packet, generating an encrypted data packet to protect the security of transmitted data, prevent loss during transmission, and ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the response information. The session key can be pre-negotiated and determined between the vehicle-mounted communication device and the pile-end communication device, and is used for data encryption and decryption during the communication session between the two parties. After the vehicle-mounted communication device sends the encrypted data packet to the pile-end communication device, the pile-end communication device can decrypt it based on the same session key, ensuring that the pile-end communication device can receive secure response information and maintain the security and efficiency of the communication channel.

[0082] Preferably, sending the encrypted data packet to the pile-end communication device includes: if the encrypted data packet is larger than a preset number of bytes, processing the encrypted data packet into multiple fragments, and transmitting the multiple fragments to the pile-end communication device in sequence.

[0083] In one optional embodiment, before sending encrypted data packets, the vehicle-mounted communication device can select an appropriate transmission strategy based on the data packet size and network conditions to avoid unnecessary data retransmissions and improve communication efficiency and success rate. For example, Bluetooth or other short-range wireless communication protocols may have limitations on the amount of data transmitted in a single transmission; fragmentation processing allows data transmission to meet the requirements of these protocols. For instance, it can check whether the data packet exceeds the maximum transmission byte limit. If it exceeds a preset byte limit, the pile-end communication device may have difficulty receiving the entire packet at once; therefore, fragmentation processing can be performed to adapt to transmission requirements. That is, the vehicle-mounted communication device can segment encrypted data packets, i.e., fragmentation processing, breaking them down into multiple smaller data packets, each not exceeding a preset maximum byte size. Large data packets are decomposed into smaller fragments for sequential transmission via Bluetooth or other communication protocols, ensuring efficient data transmission. Furthermore, data transmission is easier to manage after fragmentation processing. If a fragment encounters a problem during transmission, that fragment can be retransmitted instead of retransmitting the entire data packet, reducing resource waste. The vehicle-mounted communication device can send multiple fragmented data packets sequentially to the pile-end communication device until all fragments have been transmitted, ensuring that the pile-end communication device receives complete data. Sequential transmission of fragments ensures that the pile-end communication device can correctly reassemble the original data, maintaining data integrity. Furthermore, each fragment can carry a sequence number or identifier, allowing the pile-end communication device to detect missing or out-of-order fragments upon reception and request retransmission if necessary. In addition, fragmented transmission improves data transmission reliability under poor network conditions, ensuring that critical information is accurately conveyed.

[0084] Optionally, the above method further includes one of the following: when the vehicle charging is detected to be complete, sending a charging completion signal to the pile terminal communication device and disconnecting the connection with the pile terminal communication device; or when receiving a stop command sent by the pile terminal communication device, disconnecting the connection with the pile terminal communication device.

[0085] In one optional embodiment, the vehicle-side communication module can continuously monitor the vehicle's charging status to promptly notify the charging pile and the power grid dispatch center when charging is complete, informing them of the end of the charging process so that appropriate settlement or scheduling adjustments can be made. For example, the vehicle-side communication device can encapsulate the charging completion status into a charging completion signal and send it to the charging pile communication device via Bluetooth or wired network communication to inform the charging pile that the vehicle no longer needs to charge. Timely disconnection of the charging pile communication device allows the charging pile to release charging points for other vehicles needing charging, improving the allocation of charging resources, reducing communication activity, and protecting communication channel resources so that other vehicles can access the system.

[0086] In another alternative embodiment, the vehicle-side communication module can also disconnect upon receiving a shutdown command. The charging pile communication device may send a shutdown command to the vehicle-side device due to grid load demands, emergencies, or preset conditions, requiring the vehicle-side communication device to immediately stop the charging process. The transmission of shutdown commands can play a crucial protective role in situations of grid overload or safety risks. Disconnection based on shutdown commands can be a solution for responding to grid dispatching needs or handling abnormal situations, thereby protecting system safety and improving resource utilization efficiency.

[0087] This embodiment also provides a communication method applied to a charging pile-end communication device, which is deployed in a charging pile. Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0088] Step S202: Establish a connection with the vehicle-side communication device.

[0089] The vehicle-to-vehicle communication device is deployed in the vehicle.

[0090] Step S204: Perform two-way authentication on the vehicle-end communication device and the pile-end communication device to obtain the two-way authentication result.

[0091] The two-way authentication result is used to characterize whether the vehicle-side communication device and the pile-side communication device have been successfully authenticated.

[0092] Step S206: If the two-way authentication result indicates that the vehicle-side communication device and the pile-side communication device have been successfully authenticated, the dispatch instruction is sent to the vehicle-side communication device.

[0093] Among them, the dispatching instruction is issued by the power grid dispatching center to the pile-end communication device to dispatch vehicle charging and discharging instructions. The power grid dispatching center is deployed in the power grid.

[0094] After successful two-way authentication, the charging pile communication device can send dispatch instructions from the power grid dispatch center to the vehicle communication device to control vehicle charging and discharging, or send electricity price information to the vehicle. Dispatching vehicle charging and discharging can be used to balance the power grid load. For example, more electric vehicles can be dispatched to charge during off-peak electricity periods. Alternatively, based on the real-time demand of the power grid, the charging and discharging of vehicles participating in V2G can be coordinated, improving the flexibility of vehicle interaction.

[0095] Step S208: Receive response information from the vehicle-side communication device in response to the dispatch command.

[0096] The response information is used to characterize the execution status of vehicle dispatch instructions.

[0097] The pile-end communication device can receive feedback from the vehicle-end communication device in response to dispatch commands via short-range communication protocols or cellular networks. The response information includes the results of the vehicle's execution of the dispatch commands, such as changes in charging / discharging status and updates to the battery's state of charge. By receiving the response information, it is possible to monitor whether the vehicle is correctly executing charging / discharging operations according to the dispatch commands. Furthermore, the response information can be fed back to the power grid dispatch center, allowing the power grid to understand the dispatching effect and make further decisions or adjustments.

[0098] This embodiment applies a communication method to a charging pile-end communication device, enabling efficient and secure two-way communication between the charging pile and the vehicle. After establishing a connection between the charging pile-end communication device and the vehicle-end communication device, two-way authentication is performed to ensure the legitimacy of both parties and the security of data transmission. Upon successful authentication, the charging pile-end communication device can send received grid dispatch instructions to the vehicle-end communication device to guide the vehicle in charging and discharging operations according to grid demand. The vehicle-end device provides real-time feedback on the response information to the dispatch instructions, such as charging / discharging progress and battery status, to monitor the vehicle's response and make corresponding adjustments.

[0099] Optionally, establishing a connection with the vehicle-side communication device includes: receiving an initialization completion signal broadcast by the vehicle-side communication device; and, if the vehicle-side communication device is determined based on the signal strength of the initialization completion signal, sending a connection request to the vehicle-side communication device.

[0100] In one optional embodiment, the pile-end communication device listens to the broadcast signal emitted by the vehicle-end communication device. The initialization completion signal indicates that the initialization process of the vehicle-end communication device has been completed, at which point the vehicle-end communication device is ready to receive connection requests and conduct subsequent communication. If the initialization completion signal is received, the pile-end communication device can send a connection request to the vehicle-end communication device without additional time to wait or inquire about the status of the vehicle-end communication device.

[0101] Then, the pile-end communication device can determine the vehicle-end communication device broadcasting the initialization completion signal by measuring its strength. Signal strength reflects the broadcast distance and communication quality. It can also be used to determine the relative distance between the vehicle-end and pile-end communication devices. If the vehicle-end communication device is identified, the pile-end communication device can send a connection request to it, facilitating the establishment of a bidirectional communication link.

[0102] Optionally, two-way authentication is performed on the vehicle-side communication device and the pile-side communication device to obtain a two-way authentication result, including: receiving first authentication information sent by the vehicle-side communication device; authenticating the vehicle-side communication device based on the first authentication information to obtain a preliminary authentication result, wherein the preliminary authentication result is used to characterize whether the pile-side communication device has successfully authenticated the vehicle-side communication device; if the preliminary authentication result characterizes that the pile-side communication device has successfully authenticated the vehicle-side communication device, sending second authentication information to the vehicle-side communication device and receiving the two-way authentication result sent by the vehicle-side communication device, wherein the two-way authentication result is obtained by authenticating the pile-side communication device based on the second authentication information.

[0103] In one optional embodiment, before the two-way communication between the vehicle and the charging pile begins, the charging pile communication device can receive first authentication information sent by the vehicle-side communication device via a cellular network or short-range communication protocol to authenticate the vehicle-side communication device. This first authentication information may include, but is not limited to, the vehicle-side digital certificate and public key. Therefore, the charging pile communication device can authenticate the vehicle-side communication device based on the first authentication information to obtain a preliminary authentication result, such as by using a built-in security mechanism (e.g., a certificate management system) to verify the first authentication information of the vehicle-side communication device. Alternatively, the first authentication information can be sent to the cloud for authentication via the cloud.

[0104] After successful authentication of the vehicle-side communication device, a second authentication message can be sent to it for authentication by the vehicle-side communication device. The vehicle-side communication device, after authenticating the second authentication message, returns a two-way authentication result as the conclusion of the two-way authentication. The vehicle-side communication device completes the authentication of the charging pile communication device by responding to the second authentication message. The two-way authentication result not only verifies the identities of both the vehicle-side and charging pile communication devices, but also, through the interactive mechanism, allows both parties to confirm each other's true identities, thereby enhancing the security of the entire communication system. If two-way authentication is successful, the vehicle-side and charging pile communication devices can initiate an encrypted communication session to exchange data, such as charging commands and battery status.

[0105] Preferably, before receiving the first authentication information sent by the vehicle-side communication device, the method further includes: generating a connection request based on the second pile-end certificate of the pile-end communication device; and sending the connection request to the vehicle-side communication device.

[0106] In an alternative embodiment, before the pile-end communication device initiates a connection request to the vehicle-end communication device, the pile-end communication device may use a genuine second pile-end certificate to generate an encrypted and verified connection request for the vehicle-end communication device to verify the identity of the pile-end communication device and to indicate that the two parties can communicate with each other.

[0107] After generating a connection request, the pile-end communication device can send the connection request to the vehicle-end communication device via Bluetooth Low Energy or other appropriate wireless communication technologies. The connection request may include, but is not limited to, a second pile-end certificate, negotiation information on communication parameters such as the selection of encryption algorithms and initial exchange data of session keys, in order to initiate a communication session with the vehicle-end communication device.

[0108] Sending a connection request signifies that communication can be initiated between the vehicle-mounted communication device and the pile-mounted communication device, and can also be used to indicate the start of a two-way authentication process. That is, after receiving the connection request, the vehicle-mounted communication device can respond with its initial authentication information so that the pile-mounted communication device can authenticate the vehicle-mounted communication device.

[0109] Preferably, the vehicle-side communication device is authenticated based on the first authentication information to obtain a preliminary authentication result, including: parsing the first authentication information to obtain a third vehicle-side certificate of the vehicle-side communication device; and verifying the validity of the third vehicle-side certificate to obtain a preliminary authentication result.

[0110] In one optional embodiment, the vehicle-mounted communication device authenticates the first authentication information. First, it parses the first authentication information to obtain a third vehicle-mounted certificate, and then authenticates the validity of the third vehicle-mounted certificate, such as verifying its signature and validity period, to obtain a preliminary authentication result. It checks whether the third vehicle-mounted certificate is within its validity period to avoid using expired certificates for communication. Furthermore, by verifying the digital signature of the third vehicle-mounted certificate, it can be confirmed that the certificate information has not been modified during transmission.

[0111] Preferably, the above method further includes: signing the third vehicle-side certificate to obtain second signature information; and generating second authentication information based on the second signature information.

[0112] In one optional embodiment, the pile-end communication device can use its private key to sign the third vehicle-end certificate submitted by the vehicle-end communication device, generating second signature information. Based on this second signature information, second authentication information can be generated to facilitate authentication of the pile-end communication device by the vehicle-end communication device. Encryption ensures the integrity and reliability of data transmission.

[0113] Optionally, the above method further includes one of the following: disconnecting from the vehicle-side communication device upon receiving a charging completion signal from the vehicle-side communication device; or sending a shutdown command to the vehicle-side communication device and disconnecting from the vehicle-side communication device upon detecting a power abnormality or insulation abnormality.

[0114] In one optional embodiment, if a charging completion signal is received from the vehicle-side communication device, indicating that charging is complete, the connection with the vehicle-side communication device can be disconnected to promptly release charging and communication resources. Timely disconnection also reduces the risk of unauthorized access and enhances the security of the communication network.

[0115] In another alternative embodiment, since abnormal power can damage the charging pile and the vehicle's charging and discharging equipment, the charging pile communication device can immediately send a stop command to the vehicle communication device when it detects abnormal power (such as power fluctuations exceeding the safe range) or insulation abnormalities (such as insulation resistance below the safe threshold, which may lead to electric shock or short circuit) during the charging process. This command instructs the vehicle to stop charging and promptly disconnects the connection with the vehicle communication device to prevent a safety accident from occurring.

[0116] The technical solution proposed in this application will be described below with reference to an optional embodiment. This application proposes a two-way communication method, including a connection establishment process, a data interaction process, and multi-device collaborative scheduling.

[0117] Specifically, the connection establishment process involves establishing a connection, authentication, and session encryption.

[0118] After an electric vehicle connects to a charging station, the vehicle's Bluetooth module broadcasts a Bluetooth signal containing the vehicle's identifier, such as the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). The charging station's Bluetooth gateway uses AOA (Angle of Arrival) positioning technology (with a positioning accuracy ≤1m) to identify the vehicle's location and initiate a connection.

[0119] Identity authentication can be performed based on preset standards. The charging station sends an authentication request to the vehicle. The vehicle responds with its built-in private key, and the charging station verifies the validity of the digital certificate through a security authentication center. Once authentication is successful, an encrypted communication link is established. The communication link can use 256-bit encryption, and the session key can be dynamically generated using an ECC key exchange algorithm, with a key lifespan of ≤24 hours.

[0120] The data interaction process includes defining a dedicated V2G data frame format, setting up a bidirectional data transmission mechanism for uplink / downlink, and transmitting data fragments of ultra-large data.

[0121] Multi-device collaborative scheduling can avoid signal conflicts between devices through dynamic time slot allocation, match charging and discharging power requirements in real time through BLE communication, and dynamically adjust communication priorities based on grid load.

[0122] like Figure 3As shown, an optional communication method is illustrated, which includes stages such as initialization, discovery and location, two-way authentication, establishing an encrypted link, data interaction, and disconnection.

[0123] Specifically, the initialization phase can be completed within 3 seconds of power-on. The vehicle-side initialization process may include the following: BLE parameter configuration, setting the broadcast interval to 200ms~1000ms, customizing the Universally Unique Identifier (UUID), and the broadcast data packet may contain a unique device identifier fragment. Performing a self-test of the national cryptographic chip, completing key pair generation and device certificate validity verification; if the certificate is not registered, generating a certificate request. And BMS communication link testing, sending a UDS diagnostic request frame, receiving a response frame to verify normal communication, and then entering standby mode. Finally, broadcasting an initialization completion signal to the charging pile; the data frame may contain the device type identifier and status code.

[0124] The initialization process at the pile end can include the following: Multi-channel BLE module calibration, i.e., consistent calibration of the receiving sensitivity of each channel, with deviation controlled within ±3dBm. A connection is established with the security certification center to synchronize the device certificate list, locally cache certificate hash values, and the synchronization cycle is adjustable from 0.5h to 2h. The protocol conversion unit in the pile end communication device is configured with parameters; the PLC module is set to a baud rate of 4800bps~9600bps, and the Ethernet module is configured with network parameters such as Internet address, subnet mask, and gateway. The energy conversion unit is pre-started, and the output voltage is set to the grid matching value (e.g., 380V), entering standby mode.

[0125] The discovery, location, and two-way authentication phases can be completed within 500ms. Device discovery and location may involve the charging station's BLE gateway continuously scanning the vehicle's broadcast signals, calculating the vehicle's location by analyzing the signal strength differences received from multiple antennas (with a location accuracy ≤1.5m), determining the corresponding charging parking space, and then the gateway sending a connection request to the target vehicle. The request frame contains a summary of the charging station's certificate (≥20 bytes in length).

[0126] Implementing two-way authentication allows the vehicle-side terminal to sign the terminal certificate digest using its local private key after receiving a request, and then return the vehicle-side certificate and signature information. The terminal verifies the validity of the vehicle-side certificate (checking the integrity of the certificate chain, its validity period, and the legality of the device identifier). If the local cache is not found, it initiates online verification with the security authentication center. Then, the terminal signs the vehicle-side certificate digest using its local private key and returns it, completing the terminal certificate verification process.

[0127] Establishing an encrypted link can be achieved through the following steps: A shared key is generated using the ECC key exchange algorithm, and both parties generate temporary key pairs and exchange public keys. Then, a session key is derived based on the shared key, with a key length of 128 bits to 256 bits and a key lifespan of ≤24 hours. Finally, the link validity is verified by encrypting test data packets; after confirming successful decryption, the data exchange phase begins.

[0128] The data interaction phase operates in real time and can include downlink command transmission and uplink data acquisition. Large-size data transmission can be used during data interaction. For example, data exceeding the single-frame capacity (≥200 bytes) (such as battery diagnostic reports) can be fragmented, with each fragment having a valid data length ≤190 bytes and including a fragment number and a total fragment count identifier. The Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) protocol is used for fragmented transmission. Each fragment is sent awaiting an acknowledgment signal; if no acknowledgment signal is received within a timeout period, the fragment is retransmitted, with a retransmission limit of ≤3 times. After receiving all fragments, the receiving end performs reassembly verification. Upon successful verification, a complete data acknowledgment is returned.

[0129] Downlink command transmission may involve the power grid → pile → vehicle. After receiving the power grid dispatch command via the protocol, the pile terminal can include parameters such as charging / discharging power and duration. The dispatch command is converted into a custom BLE data frame format, which can include, but is not limited to, device type (0x02), data type (0x0A), and valid parameters (power value represented by a 16-bit integer, duration represented by a 32-bit integer). Then, the data frame is encrypted using a symmetric encryption algorithm. If block encryption mode is used, the initial vector is randomly generated and updated every frame. After the vehicle terminal decrypts and parses the command, it can send charging / discharging control signals to the BMS via the UDS protocol, and return confirmation information after execution.

[0130] Uplink data acquisition may involve a path from vehicle to charging pile to the power grid. The vehicle collects BMS status data at preset intervals (100ms~500ms), packages it into valid data segments (length ≤ 128 bytes), and then assembles BLE data frames. The data frame format may include, but is not limited to, device type (0x01), data type (0x0B), valid data, and a checksum. An anomaly trigger mechanism is set up: when the battery temperature is detected to be >65℃, voltage >4.3V, or voltage <2.7V, an emergency report is triggered with a response time ≤50ms, and the data type identifier can be 0x0D. After receiving the data, the charging pile decrypts it, converts it to Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) format, and uploads it to the power grid dispatch center. The upload cycle is consistent with the data acquisition cycle.

[0131] The disconnection phase may involve both normal disconnection procedures and exception handling procedures.

[0132] The normal disconnection process is as follows: The vehicle sends a charging / discharging completion signal (data type 0x0D, valid data 0x04), the charging pile reclaims the session key (deletes the current session key and records the key usage log), the transaction data is uploaded (the charging pile encrypts and uploads data such as charging / discharging amount (accuracy 0.01kWh), time, and cost to the power grid, and sends a disconnection confirmation after the upload is completed), and the link is closed (the vehicle / charging pile BLE module stops data transmission and resumes broadcast state).

[0133] The anomaly handling process may include the following: When a weak signal is detected, such as a BLE signal strength ≤ -80dBm, the pile terminal automatically increases the transmission power to +8dBm, and the vehicle terminal activates the signal amplification mode. If the signal remains weak for 10 seconds, a reconnection is triggered. When authentication fails, such as after three consecutive authentication failures, the pile terminal locks the device VIN code or pile number and reports the anomaly to the safety certification center (data type 0x0D, valid data 0x05, lock time 1 hour). Safety alarm handling is also implemented; if an overload (>120kW) or insulation abnormality (insulation resistance <500Ω) is detected, the pile terminal immediately sends an emergency stop command (data type 0x0A, valid data 0x00) and simultaneously cuts off the bidirectional DC-DC module output.

[0134] In addition, it can enable multi-device collaboration, such as concurrent connection management, energy scheduling, and communication priority control.

[0135] Concurrent connection management may involve a dynamic time slot allocation mechanism, allocating 20ms to 50ms independent time slots to each access device. The time slot period is dynamically adjusted according to the number of concurrent devices (e.g., period ≤ 400ms for 8 devices), as well as time slot conflict detection and adjustment. For example, when the signal overlap of devices is detected to be > 70%, the time slot offset of the conflicting devices is automatically adjusted (offset 10ms to 20ms).

[0136] Energy dispatch may involve calculating the total charging power (P1) and total discharging power (P2) of connected vehicles every 100ms to 200ms at the charging pile end to implement power balance control. For example, when P1 ≤ P2, energy is transferred internally through a bidirectional DC / DC module, and the grid interaction power P3 = P2 - P1. When P1 > P2, the grid supplementary power P3 = P1 - P2. Energy dispatch may also involve low-power mode switching. For example, when the grid interaction power < 5kW, the PLC communication module is turned off, and BLE local communication is maintained.

[0137] Communication priority control can be achieved by setting the receiving of grid load rate data at the pile end every 5 seconds. When the load rate is ≥85%, priority can be set, such as discharging commands having higher priority than safety alarms, safety alarms having higher priority than charging data, and charging data having higher priority than diagnostic data. High-priority data can preempt low-priority time slots, and the transmission delay time of low-priority data is ≤200ms.

[0138] This embodiment also provides a communication system that can be used to perform the above-described communication method. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the communication system includes:

[0139] The vehicle-side communication device 401 is deployed in the vehicle. After establishing a connection with the pile-side communication device, the vehicle-side communication device performs bidirectional authentication between the vehicle-side communication device and the pile-side communication device to obtain a bidirectional authentication result. If the bidirectional authentication result indicates that the vehicle-side communication device and the pile-side communication device have successfully authenticated, the vehicle-side communication device receives the dispatch instruction issued by the pile-side communication device and forwards the dispatch instruction to the vehicle. The vehicle-side communication device receives the response information returned by the vehicle and sends the response information to the pile-side communication device. The bidirectional authentication result is used to indicate whether the vehicle-side communication device and the pile-side communication device have successfully authenticated. The dispatch instruction is issued by the power grid dispatch center to the pile-side communication device to dispatch the vehicle's charging and discharging. The power grid dispatch center is deployed in the power grid. The response information is used to indicate the vehicle's execution status of the dispatch instruction.

[0140] The charging pile communication device 402 is deployed in the charging pile. The charging pile communication device is used to perform two-way authentication between the vehicle-end communication device and the charging pile communication device, obtain the two-way authentication result, and send the dispatch command to the vehicle-end communication device when the two-way authentication result indicates that the vehicle-end communication device and the charging pile communication device have been successfully authenticated, and receive the response information fed back by the vehicle-end communication device in response to the dispatch command.

[0141] The power grid dispatch center 403 is deployed in the power grid to send dispatch instructions to the pile-end communication device and receive response information sent by the pile-end communication device.

[0142] This communication system comprises a vehicle-side communication module, a charging pile-side communication device, and a power grid dispatch center. The vehicle-side communication device can perform two-way authentication after connecting to the charging pile-side communication device. Upon successful two-way authentication, the power grid dispatch center can send dispatch commands to the vehicle-side communication module via the charging pile-side communication device, enabling remote control of vehicle charging and discharging. After receiving the dispatch command, the vehicle-side communication device forwards it to the vehicle. The vehicle executes the corresponding command and, upon completion, reports the execution status back to the charging pile-side communication device via its own vehicle-side communication device. This achieves efficient and secure communication between the vehicle, the charging pile, and the power grid, improving data transmission performance. The introduction of a two-way authentication mechanism enhances the security of the communication system, ensuring the accuracy of power grid dispatching and the security of vehicle information.

[0143] The technical solution proposed in this application will be described below with reference to an optional embodiment. This application proposes a communication architecture, including: a vehicle-side communication module, a pile-side BLE gateway, a security authentication center, and a power grid dispatch interface.

[0144] Specifically, the vehicle-side communication module supports AOA positioning technology and national cryptographic algorithms for encryption. It can interface with the onboard BMS system via the UDS protocol to collect real-time data such as battery SOC, temperature, and charging / discharging capacity. The charging station-side BLE gateway can include a multi-channel BLE receiver module, a security chip, a PLC, and an Ethernet conversion unit to achieve protocol conversion between BLE signals and grid dispatch signals. The security certification center can deploy a certificate management system to issue digital certificates for devices, supporting multiple encryption algorithms. The grid dispatch interface can interface with the grid dispatch center via the open charging station protocol to transmit dispatch data such as load commands and electricity price signals.

[0145] The security authentication center can be deployed using a cloud server cluster. Server configurations should include at least 8 processors, 16GB of RAM, and 400GB of SSD storage. A high-availability architecture based on containerization technology should be implemented, achieving a service availability of ≥99.95%. The certificate management system can employ a three-tier certificate architecture. Certificates may include, but are not limited to, fields such as unique device identifiers, validity periods, and signature algorithms. A key management service should be used, employing hardware encryption machines to protect certificate private keys. Private key access requires multi-factor authentication, and operation logs should be retained for at least one year.

[0146] like Figure 5 The diagram illustrates a communication interaction architecture, which includes a pile-end communication device and a vehicle-end communication device. The pile-end communication device and the vehicle-end communication device communicate via Bluetooth, such as Bluetooth Low Energy. The pile-end communication device may include a Bluetooth gateway and a protocol conversion unit, while the vehicle-end communication device may include a communication interface, an encryption module, and an information processing unit.

[0147] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties. Furthermore, the collection, use and processing of the relevant data must comply with the relevant laws, regulations and standards of the relevant countries and regions, and corresponding operation entry points are provided for users to choose to authorize or refuse.

[0148] Embodiments of this application also provide a vehicle, including: a memory storing an executable program; and a processor for running the program, wherein the program executes the methods described in various embodiments of this application when it runs.

[0149] Embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium including a stored executable program, wherein, when the executable program is running, it controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform the methods of various embodiments of this application.

[0150] Embodiments of this application also provide a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods of various embodiments of this application.

[0151] Embodiments of this application also provide a computer program product, including a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods in various embodiments of this application.

[0152] Embodiments of this application also provide a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0153] In the above embodiments of this application, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0154] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the division of units can be a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For instance, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between units or modules may be electrical or other forms.

[0155] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0156] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0157] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drive, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0158] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, The method, applied to a vehicle-mounted communication device deployed in a vehicle, includes: A connection is established with a pile-end communication device, wherein the pile-end communication device is deployed in the charging pile; Two-way authentication is performed on the vehicle-end communication device and the pile-end communication device to obtain a two-way authentication result, wherein the two-way authentication result is used to characterize whether the vehicle-end communication device and the pile-end communication device have passed authentication; When the two-way authentication result indicates that the vehicle-side communication device and the pile-side communication device have been successfully authenticated, a dispatch instruction issued by the pile-side communication device is received. The dispatch instruction is issued by the power grid dispatch center to the pile-side communication device and is used to dispatch the charging and discharging of the vehicle. The power grid dispatch center is deployed in the power grid. The dispatch instruction is forwarded to the vehicle, and the response information returned by the vehicle is received, wherein the response information is used to characterize the execution status of the vehicle in executing the dispatch instruction; The response information is sent to the pile-end communication device.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Establishing a connection with the pile-end communication device includes: Based on short-range communication parameters and communication link, the vehicle-side communication device is configured to obtain an initialization completion signal; Broadcast the initialization completion signal to the pile-end communication device and receive the connection request fed back by the pile-end communication device based on the initialization completion signal; Based on the connection request, it is determined that the connection with the pile end communication device is successful.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Perform two-way authentication on the vehicle-end communication device and the pile-end communication device to obtain the two-way authentication result, including: Send first authentication information to the pile-end communication device, wherein the first authentication information is used to authenticate the vehicle-end communication device through the pile-end communication device; Receive the second authentication information sent by the pile-end communication device, wherein the second authentication information is sent by the pile-end communication device when the vehicle-end communication device has passed the authentication; The pile-end communication device is authenticated based on the second authentication information to obtain the two-way authentication result; Preferably, the method further includes: parsing the connection request sent by the pile-end communication device to obtain a first pile-end certificate of the pile-end communication device; signing the first pile-end certificate to obtain first signature information; and generating the first authentication information based on the first signature information and the first vehicle-end certificate of the vehicle-end communication device. Preferably, authenticating the pile-end communication device based on the second authentication information to obtain the two-way authentication result includes: decrypting the second authentication information to obtain a second vehicle-end certificate of the vehicle-end communication device; and validating the second vehicle-end certificate to obtain the two-way authentication result.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Sending the response information to the pile-end communication device includes: The response information is packaged according to a preset format to obtain an initial data packet; Based on the session key, the initial data packet is encrypted to obtain an encrypted data packet, wherein the session key is negotiated with the pile-end communication device; The encrypted data packet is sent to the pile-end communication device; Preferably, sending the encrypted data packet to the pile-end communication device includes: If the encrypted data packet is larger than a preset number of bytes, the encrypted data packet is fragmented to obtain multiple fragments, and the multiple fragments are transmitted sequentially to the pile-end communication device.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The method also includes one of the following: Upon detecting that the vehicle has completed charging, a charging completion signal is sent to the pile terminal communication device, and the connection with the pile terminal communication device is disconnected. Upon receiving a shutdown command from the pile-end communication device, disconnect from the pile-end communication device.

6. A communication method, characterized in that, The method, applied to a charging pile-end communication device deployed in a charging pile, includes: Establish a connection with a vehicle-mounted communication device, wherein the vehicle-mounted communication device is deployed in the vehicle; Two-way authentication is performed on the vehicle-end communication device and the pile-end communication device to obtain a two-way authentication result, wherein the two-way authentication result is used to characterize whether the vehicle-end communication device and the pile-end communication device have passed authentication; If the two-way authentication result indicates that the vehicle-side communication device and the pile-side communication device have been successfully authenticated, a dispatch instruction is sent to the vehicle-side communication device. The dispatch instruction is issued by the power grid dispatch center to the pile-side communication device to dispatch the charging and discharging of the vehicle. The power grid dispatch center is deployed in the power grid. The system receives response information from the vehicle-side communication device in response to the scheduling instruction, wherein the response information is used to characterize the vehicle's execution status of the scheduling instruction.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Establishing a connection with the vehicle-side communication device includes: Receive the initialization completion signal broadcast by the vehicle-side communication device; If the vehicle-side communication device is determined based on the signal strength of the initialization completion signal, a connection request is sent to the vehicle-side communication device.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Perform two-way authentication on the vehicle-end communication device and the pile-end communication device to obtain the two-way authentication result, including: Receive the first authentication information sent by the vehicle-mounted communication device; The vehicle-end communication device is authenticated based on the first authentication information to obtain a preliminary authentication result, wherein the preliminary authentication result is used to characterize whether the pile-end communication device has passed the authentication of the vehicle-end communication device; If the preliminary authentication result indicates that the pile-end communication device has successfully authenticated the vehicle-end communication device, the pile-end communication device sends second authentication information to the vehicle-end communication device and receives a two-way authentication result sent by the vehicle-end communication device, wherein the two-way authentication result is obtained by authenticating the pile-end communication device based on the second authentication information. Preferably, before receiving the first authentication information sent by the vehicle-mounted communication device, the method further includes: generating a connection request based on the second pile-end certificate of the pile-end communication device; and sending the connection request to the vehicle-mounted communication device. Preferably, authenticating the vehicle-side communication device based on the first authentication information to obtain a preliminary authentication result includes: parsing the first authentication information to obtain a third vehicle-side certificate of the vehicle-side communication device; and verifying the validity of the third vehicle-side certificate to obtain the preliminary authentication result. Preferably, the method further includes: signing the third vehicle-side certificate to obtain second signature information; and generating the second authentication information based on the second signature information.

9. The method according to any one of claims 6-8, characterized in that, The method also includes one of the following: Upon receiving a charging completion signal from the vehicle-side communication device, disconnect from the vehicle-side communication device. If a power or insulation abnormality is detected, a shutdown command will be sent to the vehicle-side communication device, and the connection with the vehicle-side communication device will be disconnected.

10. A communication system, characterized in that, include: A vehicle-mounted communication device, deployed in a vehicle, is used to perform bidirectional authentication between the vehicle-mounted communication device and the pile-end communication device after establishing a connection with the pile-end communication device, obtaining a bidirectional authentication result. If the bidirectional authentication result indicates that the vehicle-mounted communication device and the pile-end communication device have successfully authenticated, the device receives a dispatch instruction issued by the pile-end communication device and forwards the dispatch instruction to the vehicle. It also receives response information returned by the vehicle and sends the response information to the pile-end communication device. The bidirectional authentication result is used to indicate whether the vehicle-mounted communication device and the pile-end communication device have successfully authenticated. The dispatch instruction is issued by the power grid dispatch center to the pile-end communication device to dispatch the charging and discharging of the vehicle. The power grid dispatch center is deployed in the power grid. The response information is used to indicate the vehicle's execution status of the dispatch instruction. A charging pile communication device is deployed in a charging pile. The charging pile communication device is used to perform two-way authentication between the vehicle-end communication device and the charging pile communication device, obtain a two-way authentication result, and send the scheduling command to the vehicle-end communication device when the two-way authentication result indicates that the vehicle-end communication device and the charging pile communication device have been successfully authenticated, and receive the response information fed back by the vehicle-end communication device in response to the scheduling command. The power grid dispatch center, deployed in the power grid, is used to send the dispatch instructions to the pile-end communication device and receive the response information sent by the pile-end communication device.

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