Multi-component gas detection system and detection method based on graded adsorption separation and target sensor fusion

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-component gas detection system and detection method based on graded adsorption separation and target sensor fusion, and belongs to the technical field of gas analysis and detection. The system comprises a gas inlet unit, a four-stage detection unit and a purging unit; the gas inlet unit is used for introducing and stabilizing sample gas; the detection unit comprises an adsorption separation module and a sensor array; the sensor array is connected with the adsorption separation module of the same detection unit, and the sensor array detects gas output by the adsorption separation module; the four stages of detection units are respectively a first detection unit, a second detection unit, a third detection unit and a fourth detection unit; the gas inlet unit is connected with the adsorption separation module of the first detection unit, and the adsorption separation modules of the four stages of detection units are sequentially connected in series; the purging unit is used for introducing purging gas; and the purging unit is respectively connected with the adsorption separation modules of the four-stage detection unit. The method has the advantages of high selectivity, high accuracy and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of gas analysis and detection technology, and relates to a multi-component gas detection system, and more particularly to a multi-component gas detection system and detection method based on hierarchical adsorption separation and targeted sensor fusion. Background Technology

[0002] Multi-component gas detection is of great significance in environmental monitoring, industrial process safety, mine early warning, and chemical leak monitoring. Existing detection methods mainly rely on single technologies such as electrochemical sensors, MOS (metal-oxide-semiconductor) sensors, and photoacoustic spectroscopy. Although they can achieve a certain degree of gas concentration measurement, they often face problems such as insufficient sensitivity, poor anti-interference ability, or poor adaptability in complex environments, making it difficult to meet the dual requirements of real-time performance and high accuracy in industrial scenarios.

[0003] Currently, common multi-gas detection methods mainly include sensor arrays combined with pattern recognition, adsorption materials for pretreatment separation, and multi-module integrated detection schemes. Among these, sensor array methods rely on algorithms to distinguish cross-responses and are easily affected by temperature and humidity fluctuations and background gas interference; single-layer adsorption separation can improve selectivity, but it is difficult to cover multiple types of gases simultaneously, and it suffers from adsorption saturation and regeneration difficulties after long-term operation; while multi-module integration often increases system size, dead volume of gas paths, and energy consumption, which is not conducive to equipment miniaturization and field deployment.

[0004] Although some studies have attempted to improve selectivity through multi-stage separation, high specific surface area materials such as MOFs, and regenerative design, existing technologies still face the following bottlenecks: First, the adsorption separation module lacks a structured and scalable system, typically remaining at single-layer or double-layer adsorption, failing to achieve efficient diversion and directional enrichment in complex gas environments; second, the sensor lacks a synergistic mechanism deeply coupled with the separation module, resulting in limited improvement in selectivity. Therefore, existing multi-component gas detection devices generally suffer from insufficient detection accuracy, poor selectivity, and poor long-term operational stability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a multi-component gas detection system and method based on the fusion of hierarchical adsorption separation and targeted sensor, to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a multi-component gas detection system based on hierarchical adsorption separation and targeted sensor fusion, comprising an inlet unit, a four-stage detection unit, and a purge unit; the inlet unit is used to introduce and stabilize sample gas; the detection unit includes an adsorption separation module and a sensor array; the sensor array is connected to the adsorption separation module of the same detection unit, and the sensor array detects the gas output by the adsorption separation module; the four-stage detection units are a first detection unit, a second detection unit, a third detection unit, and a fourth detection unit; the inlet unit is connected to the adsorption separation module of the first detection unit, and the adsorption separation modules of the four-stage detection units are connected in series; the adsorption separation module of the first detection unit is filled with polar molecular sieves; the adsorption separation module of the second detection unit is filled with COFs, MOFs, or functionalized activated carbon; the adsorption separation module of the third detection unit is filled with 3-5 Å carbon molecular sieves; the adsorption separation module of the fourth detection unit is filled with Cu(I)-zeolite and Pd-NC composite material; the purge unit is used to introduce purge gas; the purge unit is connected to the adsorption separation modules of the four-stage detection units respectively.

[0007] To optimize the above technical solution, the specific measures also include: Furthermore, the sensor array of the first detection unit adopts an electrochemical sensor; the sensor array of the second detection unit adopts a combination of a MOS sensor and a micro optical sensor; the sensor array of the third detection unit adopts a methane sensor; and the sensor array of the fourth detection unit adopts a carbon monoxide sensor and a hydrogen sensor.

[0008] Furthermore, the detection unit also includes a multi-way valve; the outlet of the multi-way valve is connected to the inlet of the adsorption separation module of the same detection unit, the first inlet is connected to the purging unit, the second inlet is connected to the outlet of the previous detection unit, and the second inlet of the multi-way valve of the first detection unit is connected to the inlet unit.

[0009] Furthermore, the purging unit includes a carrier air source for providing clean air.

[0010] Furthermore, the purging unit also includes a heating device for heating the pure air provided by the carrier gas source. The carrier gas source is connected to the heating device, and the heating device is connected to the first inlet of the multi-way valve of each of the detection units.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a control unit; the control unit is connected to the sensor array and multi-way valve of each of the detection units, the control unit receives the detection signals of each sensor array, and controls the multi-way valve according to the detection signals and detection time.

[0012] Furthermore, the control unit controls the second air inlet and outlet of the multi-way valve to connect, and the system enters the pulse detection stage; when the detection signal of the sensor array reaches the detection threshold or the detection time reaches the maximum allowable detection time, the detection unit of this stage completes the detection; when all detection units have completed the detection, the control unit controls the first inlet and outlet of each multi-way valve to connect, and the system enters the pulse cleaning stage.

[0013] Secondly, the present invention also provides a detection method for the above-mentioned multi-component gas detection system based on hierarchical adsorption separation and targeted sensor fusion, comprising the following steps: S1, the control unit controls the second inlet and outlet of each of the multi-port valves to connect, so that the sample gas is sequentially introduced into the adsorption separation modules of the first detection unit to the fourth detection unit, and selectively separated and enriched step by step according to the adsorption target; the adsorption target of the first detection unit is polar and acidic / alkaline gases, the adsorption target of the second detection unit is VOCs, the adsorption target of the third detection unit is CH4, and the adsorption target of the fourth detection unit is CO and H2; each of the sensor arrays adopts... The system acquires real-time detection signals; when the detection signal reaches the detection threshold or the detection time reaches the maximum allowable detection time, the detection unit at this stage completes the detection; after all detection units have completed the detection, the sample injection ends and the system enters the S2 pulse cleaning stage; in S2, the control unit connects the first inlet and outlet of each multi-port valve to allow heated pure air to enter the adsorption separation module and sensor array of each detection unit for cleaning; each sensor array samples and acquires real-time detection signals; when the detection signals of all sensor arrays have reached the initial state, the cleaning ends and the system enters the S1 pulse detection stage.

[0014] Furthermore, the control unit determines whether there is an adsorption target in the sample gas based on the detection signal and detection time of the sensor array. The method is as follows: if the corresponding detection signal exceeds the detection threshold within the maximum allowable detection time of the adsorption target, it is determined that there is a corresponding adsorption target in the sample gas; if the corresponding detection signal does not exceed the detection threshold within the maximum allowable detection time of the corresponding gas, it is determined that there is no corresponding adsorption target in the sample gas.

[0015] Furthermore, the control unit filters, normalizes, and extracts features from the detection signals output by the sensor array, extracts feature information related to the adsorption target, and performs comprehensive analysis and correction on the detection signals of different sensor arrays in conjunction with the calibrated response relationship, ultimately obtaining the detection results of each adsorption target.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a multi-component gas detection system and method based on the fusion of graded adsorption separation and targeted sensors. It deeply couples a four-stage series adsorption separation module with a targeted sensor array, and controls the sample gas injection and purified air input through a multi-port valve, thereby achieving rapid switching between the pulse detection stage and the pulse purge stage. During the pulse purge stage, purified air can quickly reset the adsorption separation module and sensor cavity, reducing memory effect, shortening recovery time, and supporting long-term continuous online operation. Furthermore, by arranging the sensor arrays at each stage co-located with the outlets of the corresponding adsorption separation modules, the sensors detect the target gas in the initial stage of its arrival at the outlet. This not only reduces the influence of residual gases and maintains system baseline stability but also reduces interference from non-target gases, improves the stability of the detection signal, and reduces mutual influence between different detection channels. The system employs data fusion and cross-layer compensation algorithms within the control unit to demix and correct the outputs of each stage within the model domain. It integrates the detection signals from each stage to reduce residual crosstalk and operational drift, achieving high selectivity, low cross-interference, and stable quantification in complex gas mixtures. This significantly improves the selectivity, sensitivity, and long-term stability for target components such as acid / alkaline gases, VOCs, CH4, and CO / H2 gases, enabling highly selective detection and stable identification of multiple target gases. The system features a simple structure, low power consumption, and modular expansion capabilities, facilitating deployment in industrial and portable environments and further enhancing quantitative accuracy and result confidence. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is the structure and flowchart of a multi-component gas detection system based on the fusion of hierarchical adsorption separation and targeted sensors; Figure 2 This is a block diagram illustrating the data fusion and cross-layer compensation algorithm principle of the control unit; The labels in the attached diagram are as follows: 1. Intake unit; 20. Detection unit; 201. Adsorption separation module; 202. Sensor array; 203. Multi-way valve; 21. First detection unit; 22. Second detection unit; 23. Third detection unit; 24. Fourth detection unit; 3. Purge unit. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a multi-component gas detection system based on the fusion of graded adsorption separation and targeted sensor, including an air intake unit 1, a four-stage detection unit 20 and a purging unit 3.

[0020] The air intake unit 1 is used to introduce and stabilize the sample gas.

[0021] The detection unit 20 includes an adsorption separation module 201 and a sensor array 202. The sensor array 202 is connected to the adsorption separation module 201 of the same detection unit 20, and the sensor array 202 detects the gas output by the adsorption separation module 201. The four-stage detection units 20 are the first detection unit 21, the second detection unit 22, the third detection unit 23, and the fourth detection unit 24.

[0022] The air intake unit 1 is connected to the adsorption separation module 201 of the first detection unit 21, and the adsorption separation modules 201 of the fourth-stage detection unit 20 are connected in series.

[0023] The adsorption-separation module 201 of the first detection unit 21 is filled with polar molecular sieves to adsorb water vapor and strongly polar interfering components, reducing the entry of water vapor and interfering gases into subsequent adsorption modules and avoiding their impact on subsequent detection. The adsorption-separation module 201 of the second detection unit 22 is filled with COFs, MOFs, or functionalized activated carbon to enrich VOCs and output a high signal-to-noise ratio organic volatile front. The adsorption-separation module 201 of the third detection unit 23 is filled with 3-5 Å, preferably 3.8 Å, carbon molecular sieves to selectively enrich and release CH4 using a critical pore size sieving mechanism. The adsorption-separation module 201 of the fourth detection unit 24 is filled with Cu(I)-zeolite and Pd-NC composite material, combining π-complexation / selective adsorption and catalytic interface effects to selectively identify CO and H2. Specifically, the material surface has selective adsorption and catalytic effects on different gases, causing carbon monoxide and hydrogen to have different residence times in the adsorption module and be released sequentially to the outlet, making it easier for the sensor to distinguish them.

[0024] Functionalized activated carbon refers to activated carbon capable of adsorbing VOCs, while Cu(I)-zeolite refers to Cu introduced into and stabilized within the zeolite framework. + Zeolite materials with active centers, Pd-NC refers to functional materials in which Pd atoms or nanoclusters are anchored on nitrogen-doped carbon supports, and both are existing materials.

[0025] The adsorption separation module 201 of the four-stage detection unit 20 is used for the stepwise selective separation and enrichment of different types of target gases. Each stage of the adsorption separation module 201 operates in adsorption mode during the detection pulse. After the sample gas enters the adsorption material, the target gas is temporarily adsorbed and a retention effect occurs within the material. As the gas inlet process continues, the target gas is gradually released from the adsorption material and carried by the gas flow to the outlet of that stage, where it is detected in real time by the sensor array 202 located at the outlet. Materials with different pore sizes and surface chemical properties form graded channels, allowing for the selective adsorption of various gases in each stage of the module, thereby helping downstream sensors to more accurately detect the target gas and improve signal quality. The sensor array 202 of each stage of the detection unit 20 is a sensor array 202 matched to the target gas being separated at that stage, enabling on-site targeted detection. The adsorption separation module 201 and the sensor array 202 work closely together, performing on-site sampling at the outlet of the adsorption separation module 201, thereby reducing interference and residual effects between different gases. Under appropriate detection pulses and sampling intervals, the system can more accurately detect the target gas and obtain a rapid response.

[0026] The purging unit 3 is used to introduce purging gas. The purging unit 3 is connected to the adsorption separation module 201 of the four-stage detection unit 20.

[0027] The system adopts a pulsed gas delivery principle: during the detection pulse, each adsorption and separation module 201 is connected to form a four-stage series system. During the purging pulse, each adsorption and separation module 201 is connected to the purging unit 3, allowing pure air to briefly replace and purge the corresponding adsorption and separation module 201 and the sensor sampling chamber, thus stabilizing the system baseline and reducing mutual interference between different detection cycles.

[0028] Each adsorption separation module 201 has an independent cylindrical shell. Inside the shell, from top to bottom along the gas flow direction, there are an inlet diffusion section, an upper sintered metal support, a porous adsorption material layer, a lower sintered metal support, a downstream micro-volume sampling cavity, and an outlet guide section. The upper and lower sintered metal supports are used to fix the porous adsorption material layer and homogenize the flow field. The downstream micro-volume sampling cavity is co-located with the corresponding sensor array 202 to complete on-site detection closest to the breakthrough front, reducing the influence of pipeline hysteresis and dead volume.

[0029] The sensor array 202 of the first detection unit 21 employs an electrochemical sensor for the discrimination of polar and acidic / alkaline gases. The sensor array 202 of the second detection unit 22 employs a combination of a MOS sensor and a miniature optical sensor to cover the electro-optical dual-channel identification of VOCs. The sensor array 202 of the third detection unit 23 employs a methane sensor for stable methane detection. The sensor array 202 of the fourth detection unit 24 employs a carbon monoxide sensor and a hydrogen sensor for selective detection of CO and H2.

[0030] Each sensor array 202 is arranged co-located with the outlet of the adsorption-separation module 201. When the target gas flows out of the outlet of the adsorption-separation module 201, it is sampled on-site, thereby reducing pipeline delay, dead volume, and interference from other gases. Specifically, each sensor array 202 is placed in a downstream micro-volume sampling chamber of the adsorption-separation module 201, allowing for immediate gas detection. The sensors respond quickly and promptly acquire the signal of the newly released target gas.

[0031] The detection unit 20 also includes a multi-way valve 203. The outlet of the multi-way valve 203 is connected to the inlet of the adsorption separation module 201 of the same detection unit 20. The first inlet is connected to the purging unit 3, the second inlet is connected to the outlet of the previous detection unit 20, and the second inlet of the multi-way valve 203 of the first detection unit 21 is connected to the inlet unit 1.

[0032] The system achieves rapid switching between detection pulse and cleaning pulse through multi-way valve 203: during the detection pulse, the air inlets of each adsorption separation module 201 are connected to form a four-stage series connection; during the cleaning pulse, the purging unit 3 is connected to perform short-term pure air replacement and cleaning of the corresponding stage.

[0033] The purging unit 3 includes a carrier air source for providing clean air.

[0034] The purging unit 3 also includes a heating device for heating the pure air supplied by the carrier gas source. The carrier gas source is connected to the heating device, and the heating device is connected to the first inlet of the multi-way valve 203 of each detection unit 20. Heating allows the sensor to return to its initial state more quickly, thereby reducing the impact of residual gas on the next detection cycle and avoiding interference between different detection cycles.

[0035] The system also includes a control unit. The control unit is connected to the sensor array 202 and multi-way valve 203 of each detection unit 20. The control unit receives the detection signals from each sensor array 202 and controls the multi-way valve 203 according to the detection signals and detection time.

[0036] The control unit connects the second inlet and outlet of the multi-way valve 203, and the system enters the pulse detection stage. When the detection signal of the sensor array 202 reaches the detection threshold or the detection time reaches the maximum allowable detection time, the detection unit 20 of this stage completes the detection. After all detection units 20 have completed the detection, the control unit connects the first inlet and outlet of each multi-way valve 203, and the system enters the pulse cleaning stage.

[0037] The control unit integrates signal acquisition, synchronization timing management, status determination, and result processing functions. It acquires the output signals from each level of the sensor array 202, performs filtering, drift correction, and feature extraction, records the gas changes at the outlets of each level of the adsorption separation module 201, and analyzes and judges the sampled signals from each level of the sensor array 202 based on pre-calibrated reference data. Simultaneously, it adjusts the detection results to reduce interference by referring to the response relationships between levels, thereby determining the type of target gas and estimating its concentration.

[0038] This invention also provides a detection method for the above-mentioned multi-component gas detection system, comprising the following steps: S1. Pulse Detection Stage: The control unit connects the second inlet and outlet of each multi-way valve 203, allowing the sample gas to be sequentially introduced into the adsorption separation modules 201 of the first detection unit 21 to the fourth detection unit 24, where it is selectively separated and enriched according to the adsorption target. The adsorption target of the first detection unit 21 is polar and acidic / alkaline gases, the adsorption target of the second detection unit 22 is VOCs, the adsorption target of the third detection unit 23 is CH4, and the adsorption targets of the fourth detection unit 24 are CO and H2.

[0039] Each sensor array 202 samples in the same position to acquire real-time detection signals.

[0040] The control unit uses the start time of the detection pulse as the time reference. When the detection signal reaches the detection threshold or the detection time reaches the maximum allowable detection time, the detection unit 20 at this stage completes the detection. After all detection units 20 have completed the detection, the sample injection ends and the S2 pulse cleaning stage begins.

[0041] S2, Pulse cleaning stage: The control unit connects the first inlet and outlet of each multi-way valve 203 to allow heated pure air to enter the adsorption separation module 201 and sensor array 202 of each detection unit 20 for cleaning.

[0042] Each sensor array 202 samples in the same position to acquire real-time detection signals.

[0043] When the detection signals of all sensor arrays 202 have reached the initial state, the cleaning ends and the process enters the S1 pulse detection stage.

[0044] The control unit determines whether an adsorption target exists in the sample gas based on the detection signal and detection time of the sensor array 202. The method is as follows: if the corresponding detection signal exceeds the detection threshold within the maximum allowable detection time of the adsorption target, then the corresponding adsorption target is determined to exist in the sample gas. If the corresponding detection signal does not exceed the detection threshold within the maximum allowable detection time of the corresponding gas, then the corresponding adsorption target is determined not to exist in the sample gas. That is, the pulsed gas delivery method used in this invention is controlled by the system: within one detection cycle, a detection pulse is first executed to obtain data from each stage of the sensor array 202. Then, a purge pulse is executed, briefly introducing pure air to purge the chambers of the adsorption separation module 201 and the sensor array 202 to restore the baseline and reduce residual gas. The system determines the duration of each detection and purge based on the preset detection threshold and maximum allowable detection time. Detection and purge are performed alternately to avoid the purge gas affecting the detection results.

[0045] The control unit filters, normalizes, and extracts features from the detection signals output by the sensor array 202, extracting feature information related to the adsorption target. It then combines this with the calibrated response relationships to comprehensively analyze and correct the detection signals from different sensor arrays 202, ultimately obtaining the detection results and their reliability for each adsorption target. Within the control unit, a data fusion and cross-layer compensation algorithm is run to demix and correct the outputs at each level within the model domain, integrating the detection signals from each level to reduce residual crosstalk and operating condition drift.

[0046] In one specific embodiment, the gas to be tested is methane. Methane is a nonpolar, chemically inert small molecule with tetrahedral symmetry and a kinetic diameter of approximately 3.8 Å. When the sample gas enters the system through the inlet unit 1, it first passes through the first detection unit 21. This stage of adsorption separation module 201 is filled with polar molecular sieves, which mainly retain water vapor and strongly polar interfering substances, and basically do not strongly adsorb methane. Therefore, methane smoothly penetrates this stage of adsorption separation module 201. This stage of sensor array 202 is mainly used to monitor changes in polar gases in the sample gas and is not used for the quantitative detection of methane.

[0047] The sample gas, after being processed by the first detection unit 21, enters the second detection unit 22. This stage's adsorption separation module 201 is filled with COFs, MOFs, or functionalized activated carbon, primarily for the selective adsorption and retardation of VOCs. The sensor array 202 in this stage employs a combination of electrical sensors and miniature optical sensors to detect VOCs. Since methane is a non-polar gas with a weak characteristic signal, it is hardly adsorbed or detected in this stage. Therefore, the main function of the second detection unit 22 is to remove as much organic interfering gas as possible, providing a cleaner and less-interfering gas environment for subsequent methane detection.

[0048] The sample gas then enters the third detection unit 23. This adsorption separation module 201 is filled with 3.8 Å carbon molecular sieves, utilizing the pore size sieving effect to selectively retain methane, resulting in a relatively obvious concentration change signal at the stage outlet. The sensor array 202 in this stage is optimized for methane, directly reading the signal during methane release through a downstream micro-volume sampling chamber, improving detection sensitivity and shortening response time. The signal output by the sensor array 202 serves as the primary basis for methane concentration estimation.

[0049] Finally, the sample gas enters the fourth detection unit 24. This stage's adsorption separation module 201 is filled with Cu(I)-zeolite and Pd-NC composite material, targeting the selective adsorption / interfacial catalysis differences of CO / H2. The sensor array 202 in this stage is used to distinguish and quantify CO and H2. The adsorption separation module 201 and sensor array 202 in the fourth detection unit 24 not only achieve end-stage identification of reducing gases but also provide auxiliary judgment for the upstream methane detection results. When CO or H2 is detected, the control unit can combine this information to perform interference discrimination or compensation correction on the methane detection results of the third detection unit 23, thus avoiding residual influence of CO / H2 on methane detection in the upstream stage and improving the reliability of the methane detection results. By placing the CO / H2 detection at the end of the system, residual influence of CO / H2 on methane detection in the upstream stage is avoided, and the discrimination integrity of the entire detection system is enhanced.

[0050] Within a pulsed gas delivery cycle, the control unit first controls the multi-way valve 203 to be in pulse detection mode. The second inlet and outlet of each multi-way valve 203 are connected. The sample gas sequentially passes through the adsorption separation modules 201 of the first detection unit 21 to the fourth detection unit 24. Each sensor array 202 samples the gas and sends the detection signal to the control unit. After the detection is completed, the system enters the pulse cleaning stage. The first inlet and outlet of the multi-way valve 203 are connected to allow pure air to flow in, briefly flushing the adsorption separation modules 201 and sensor arrays 202 of each detection unit 20. This removes the sample gas remaining from the previous detection cycle, ensuring that the sensor detection signal returns to its initial state and reducing interference between modules and cycles. The control unit performs noise reduction, unified processing, and feature extraction on the detection signals of each sensor array 202. Then, it performs comprehensive analysis and correction of the data based on the calibration relationship of each detection unit 20, ultimately obtaining the estimated methane concentration and its reliability.

[0051] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, scientific and technical terms used herein have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the reagents, materials, and procedures used herein are all widely used in the relevant fields.

[0052] It should be noted that the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", and "back" used in the invention are only for clarity of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention.

[0053] Finally, it should be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-component gas detection system based on hierarchical adsorption separation and targeted sensor fusion, characterized in that: Includes an intake unit, a four-stage detection unit, and a purging unit; The air intake unit is used to introduce and stabilize the sample gas; The detection unit includes an adsorption separation module and a sensor array; the sensor array is connected to the adsorption separation module of the same detection unit, and the sensor array detects the gas output by the adsorption separation module; the four-level detection units are the first detection unit, the second detection unit, the third detection unit, and the fourth detection unit; The air intake unit is connected to the adsorption and separation module of the first detection unit, and the adsorption and separation modules of the four-stage detection unit are connected in series. The adsorption separation module of the first detection unit is filled with polar molecular sieves; the adsorption separation module of the second detection unit is filled with COFs, MOFs or functionalized activated carbon; the adsorption separation module of the third detection unit is filled with 3~5 Å carbon molecular sieves; and the adsorption separation module of the fourth detection unit is filled with Cu(I)-zeolite and Pd-NC composite material. The purging unit is used to introduce purging gas; the purging unit is connected to the adsorption separation module of the four-stage detection unit.

2. The multi-component gas detection system based on hierarchical adsorption separation and targeted sensor fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor array of the first detection unit uses an electrochemical sensor; the sensor array of the second detection unit uses a combination of a MOS sensor and a micro optical sensor; the sensor array of the third detection unit uses a methane sensor; and the sensor array of the fourth detection unit uses a carbon monoxide sensor and a hydrogen sensor.

3. The multi-component gas detection system based on hierarchical adsorption separation and targeted sensor fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection unit also includes a multi-way valve; The outlet of the multi-way valve is connected to the inlet of the adsorption separation module of the same detection unit. The first inlet is connected to the purging unit, the second inlet is connected to the outlet of the previous detection unit, and the second inlet of the multi-way valve of the first detection unit is connected to the inlet unit.

4. The multi-component gas detection system based on hierarchical adsorption separation and targeted sensor fusion according to claim 3, characterized in that: The purging unit includes a carrier air source for providing clean air.

5. The multi-component gas detection system based on hierarchical adsorption separation and targeted sensor fusion according to claim 4, characterized in that: The purging unit also includes a heating device for heating the pure air provided by the carrier gas source. The carrier gas source is connected to the heating device, and the heating device is connected to the first inlet of the multi-way valve of each of the detection units.

6. The multi-component gas detection system based on hierarchical adsorption separation and targeted sensor fusion according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a control unit; The control unit is connected to the sensor arrays and multi-way valves of each of the detection units. The control unit receives the detection signals from each sensor array and controls the multi-way valves according to the detection signals and detection time.

7. The multi-component gas detection system based on hierarchical adsorption separation and targeted sensor fusion according to claim 6, characterized in that: The control unit controls the second air inlet and outlet of the multi-way valve to connect, and the system enters the pulse detection stage. When the detection signal of the sensor array reaches the detection threshold or the detection time reaches the maximum allowable detection time, the detection unit of that stage completes the detection. When all detection units have completed the detection, the control unit controls the first inlet and outlet of each multi-way valve to connect, and the system enters the pulse cleaning stage.

8. The detection method of the multi-component gas detection system based on hierarchical adsorption separation and targeted sensor fusion as described in claim 7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. The control unit connects the second air inlet and air outlet of each of the multi-port valves to allow the sample gas to be introduced into the adsorption separation module of the first detection unit to the fourth detection unit in sequence, and selectively separates and enriches it according to the adsorption target step by step. The first detection unit targets polar and acidic / alkaline gases, the second detection unit targets VOCs, the third detection unit targets CH4, and the fourth detection unit targets CO and H2. Each of the sensor arrays samples and acquires real-time detection signals; When the detection signal reaches the detection threshold or the detection time reaches the maximum allowable detection time, the detection unit at this stage completes the detection; after all detection units have completed the detection, the sample injection ends and the S2 pulse cleaning stage begins. S2. The control unit connects the first inlet and outlet of each of the multi-way valves to allow heated pure air to enter the adsorption separation module and sensor array of each of the detection units for cleaning. Each of the sensor arrays samples and acquires real-time detection signals; When the detection signals of all sensor arrays have returned to their initial state, the cleaning process ends and enters the S1 pulse detection stage.

9. The detection method of the multi-component gas detection system based on hierarchical adsorption separation and targeted sensor fusion as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The control unit determines whether there is an adsorption target in the sample gas based on the detection signal and detection time of the sensor array. The method is as follows: if the corresponding detection signal exceeds the detection threshold within the maximum allowable detection time of the adsorption target, then it is determined that there is a corresponding adsorption target in the sample gas. If the corresponding detection signal does not exceed the detection threshold within the maximum allowable detection time for the corresponding gas, it is determined that there is no corresponding adsorption target in the sample gas.

10. The detection method of the multi-component gas detection system based on hierarchical adsorption separation and targeted sensor fusion as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The control unit filters, normalizes, and extracts features from the detection signals output by the sensor array, extracts feature information related to the adsorption target, and performs comprehensive analysis and correction on the detection signals of different sensor arrays in conjunction with the calibrated response relationship, and finally obtains the detection results of each adsorption target.

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