Dust collection system and method for large-format laser cutting machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a dust collection system and method for a large-breadth laser cutting machine. The dust collection system comprises a lathe bed, a cross beam, a multi-section cutting area, a dust collection pipe, a follow-up fan, a fixed fan, a position feedback system, a smoke sensing system and a control system. The dust suction pipe is arranged on one side of the lathe bed and provided with dust suction openings corresponding to the cutting areas. The follow-up fan is connected to the bottom of the cross beam and moves along with the cross beam to blow cutting smoke to the dust suction port; the fixed fan is arranged on the other side of the bed body and blows residual smoke dust in the located area to the dust suction port. The position feedback system determines the position of the cutting assembly in real time, the smoke sensing system detects the smoke concentration of each area, and the control system starts the corresponding dust collection openings and the fans according to feedback signals to achieve accurate dust collection. When the follow-up fan and the fixed fan are located in the same area, the fixed fan stops automatically, and airflow hedging is avoided. The device has the advantages of optimized structure, intelligent control, energy conservation, high efficiency, thorough dust collection and the like, and is suitable for smoke dust treatment of the large-breadth laser cutting machine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cutting machine technology, specifically to a dust collection system and method for large-format laser cutting machines. Background Technology

[0002] Laser cutting technology is widely used in metal processing and sheet metal manufacturing due to its advantages such as high precision, high efficiency, and small heat-affected zone. With increasing processing demands, the demand for large-format laser cutting machines (processing areas of several meters or even more than ten meters) is growing. However, laser cutting generates a large amount of smoke and harmful gases, especially when cutting metal sheets. High temperatures cause the material to vaporize, forming smoke containing metal oxide particles. If this smoke is not removed promptly and effectively, it not only pollutes the workshop environment and harms the health of operators, but may also adhere to optical lenses and workpiece surfaces, affecting cutting quality and equipment lifespan.

[0003] Existing large-format laser cutting machines have the following problems in terms of dust and smoke extraction: 1. In the segmented dust removal system of a large-format laser cutting machine, a main dust suction pipe is installed on each side of the machine bed, and the two dust suction pipes are connected to one or more dust removal fans at the same time. This structure has obvious defects in practical applications: when a single fan is used to connect two dust suction pipes at the same time, the suction force is dispersed and the negative pressure in each dust suction pipe is low, resulting in insufficient suction force for smoke and dust, which easily spreads and accumulates inside the machine bed; if two fans are used to correspond to two dust suction pipes respectively, although the suction force is improved, the equipment cost and operating energy consumption increase significantly, and the space occupied is larger.

[0004] 2. In large-format laser cutting machines, as the horizontal width of the machine model continues to increase, the cutting range increases significantly, the diffusion range of smoke and dust becomes wider, and the cutting position may be further away from the dust suction port located on the side of the machine bed, causing smoke and dust to accumulate and not be sucked up in time.

[0005] 3. The cutting head of the laser cutting machine moves flexibly with the crossbeam under the system control. After completing the cutting of the material in a certain segment area, it will immediately move to the next segment area. As a result, the smoke and dust continuously generated in the previous segment area (generated during laser cutting and generated by the high-temperature material after cutting) or the smoke and dust diffused during cutting are not completely sucked up. The smoke and dust exist and continue to spread, which leads to insufficient dust suction and an imperfect dust suction system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of poor dust collection effect, high energy consumption, insufficient control and inadequate residual dust treatment capacity in existing laser cutting machine dust removal technology when dealing with large-format and multi-area cutting. The invention provides a dust collection system and method with optimized structure, intelligent control and energy efficiency.

[0007] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned objective through the following technical solution: a dust collection system for a large-format laser cutting machine, comprising a bed and a crossbeam mounted on the bed to drive the cutting assembly to move. The bed has multiple cutting zones. A dust collection pipe is arranged along the X-axis on one side of the bed, with dust collection ports spaced apart on the pipe corresponding to each of the cutting zones. A follow-up fan is connected to the bottom of the crossbeam on the opposite side of the dust collection pipe via a connecting plate. The follow-up fan moves with the crossbeam and blows the dust generated during laser cutting towards the dust collection port on the opposite side. Fixed fans, corresponding to the cutting zones, are spaced apart along the X-axis on the other side of the bed. Each fixed fan is positioned opposite a dust collection port and blows residual dust within its own cutting zone towards the corresponding dust collection port. When the follow-up fan and the fixed fan are within the same cutting zone, the fixed fan stops working.

[0008] Furthermore, the suction pipe is connected to a dust removal fan located on one side of the laser cutting machine; a damper is provided at the suction port, and a solenoid valve for controlling the opening or closing of the damper is provided at each damper.

[0009] Furthermore, a mounting bracket is provided on the other side of the bed along the X-axis. Fixed fans that blow air toward the cutting area are installed at intervals in the mounting bracket. Air outlets are opened on the side of the mounting bracket. A slide rail is opened on the top surface of the mounting bracket along the X-axis. The connecting plate slides in the slide rail. The follower fan moves together with the crossbeam between the fixed fans in the mounting bracket and the air outlets.

[0010] Furthermore, the cutting area includes multiple cutting platforms and hoppers, each of the cutting platforms and hoppers being detachably connected to each other, and the multiple cutting areas being linearly connected in sequence, with the dust suction pipe and the mounting bracket respectively disposed on both sides of the cutting area.

[0011] Furthermore, the dust collection system also includes a position feedback system for determining the position of the cutting component; a smoke and dust sensing system for confirming the position of smoke and dust within the cutting area; and a control system electrically connected to the position feedback system and the smoke and dust sensing system, which, on the one hand, opens the dust collection port on the corresponding side of the cutting area based on the position of the cutting component fed back by the position feedback system, and on the other hand, opens the dust collection port and the fixed fan corresponding to the cutting area where the smoke and dust are located based on the smoke and dust position fed back by the smoke and dust sensing system.

[0012] Furthermore, the position feedback system includes a position sensor disposed on the cutting assembly. The position sensor is used to detect the position of the cutting assembly and control the opening of the cylinder solenoid valve at the dust suction port in the corresponding cutting area through the control system.

[0013] Furthermore, the smoke and dust sensing system includes a smoke sensor electrically connected to the control system. The smoke sensor is disposed in each of the cutting areas and is used to detect the smoke and dust situation in the cutting area where the smoke sensor is currently located, and generate a smoke and dust feedback signal to be transmitted to the control system.

[0014] Furthermore, the cylinder solenoid valve, the follow-up fan, and the fixed fan are all electrically connected to the control system; under the control of the control system, the damper and the fixed fan at the corresponding dust suction port in the cutting area are opened, and the two work together to suck up the residual smoke and dust.

[0015] A dust collection method for a large-format laser cutting machine, applied to the aforementioned dust collection system for a large-format laser cutting machine, the dust collection method comprising the following steps: S1: The position of the cutting component is determined by the position sensor; S2: Start the dust removal fan. The control system controls the start of the follow-up fan and opens the air damper at the dust suction port corresponding to the cutting area where the cutting component is located, so as to accurately suck up the smoke and dust generated during laser cutting. S3: Detects the smoke and dust situation in the current cutting area through the smoke sensor and generates a smoke and dust feedback signal to be transmitted to the control system; S4: The control system opens the damper and fixed fan at the corresponding dust extraction port in the corresponding cutting area according to the dust feedback information to perform positioning and dust extraction, so as to remove the residual dust in each cutting area.

[0016] Furthermore, steps S2 and S4 can be performed simultaneously. When the follow-up fan and the fixed fan are in the same cutting area, the fixed fan stops working.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention includes a first-stage, follow-up precision dust collection system: a follow-up fan moves synchronously with the crossbeam, always aligned with the cutting point, directing the high-concentration fumes generated during cutting towards the suction port. The fumes are quickly drawn into the suction pipe, preventing widespread diffusion within the machine bed and controlling pollution at its source. A second-stage, fixed-position dust collection system: fixed fans operate on their respective cutting areas, blowing any remaining fumes (such as those generated by residual heat after cutting or those that have spread to the edges) back towards the suction port for secondary removal. The combined effect of these two stages ensures complete removal of fumes from each cutting area, significantly improving the workshop environment and protecting the health of operators.

[0018] 2. To achieve intelligent and automated dust collection control, the dust collection system also includes a position feedback system, a smoke and dust sensing system, and a control system. The position feedback system is used to determine the position of the cutting components on the machine bed in real time, and then opens the dust collection inlet damper and follow-up fan in the area where the cutting head is located through the control system to perform dust collection. The smoke and dust sensing system is used to detect the presence and concentration of smoke and dust in each cutting area, and then opens the dust collection inlet damper and fixed fan in that area through the control system to perform dust collection. When the follow-up fan moves to the same area as the fixed fan, the control system automatically stops the fixed fan in that area to prevent the two airflows from colliding and causing smoke and dust turbulence, ensuring that the airflow direction is consistent towards the dust collection inlet and maximizing the efficiency of smoke and dust transport.

[0019] 3. This invention features a suction pipe on only one side, working in conjunction with a fan on the opposite side to create a directional "blow-suction" airflow. Compared to a dual-sided suction pipe structure, this reduces pipe length and connectors, lowers system resistance, and avoids uneven suction caused by multiple parallel pipes. The mounting bracket integrates the fixed fan mounting position, air outlet, and sliding track for the follow-up fan, resulting in a compact and space-saving structure. The cooperation between the track and the connecting plate ensures smooth movement of the follow-up fan without interference from the fixed fan, improving system reliability and stability. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the suction pipes and mounting brackets on both sides of the cutting area in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the vacuum tube in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting bracket and the fixed fan in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the follower fan inside the mounting bracket in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the operating structure of the dust collection system in this invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1-bed, 2-beam, 3-cutting area, 4-vacuum pipe, 5-following fan, 6-fixed fan, 7-dust removal fan, 8-mounting bracket, 9-slide rail, 21-connecting plate, 41-vacuum port, 42-cylinder solenoid valve, 81-air outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown in the figure, as an embodiment of the present invention, a dust collection system for a large-format laser cutting machine is disclosed, including a bed 1 and a crossbeam 2 mounted on the bed 1 to move the cutting assembly. The bed 1 is the basic support structure of the dust collection system of the present invention, and is usually welded from high-strength steel, possessing sufficient rigidity and stability. The crossbeam 2 spans across the bed 1 and can reciprocate along the length direction (i.e., the X-axis direction) of the bed 1. A laser cutting assembly, including a cutting head (not shown in the figure), is mounted on the crossbeam 2 for performing cutting operations.

[0025] The machine bed 1 is divided into multiple cutting zones 3 along the X-axis. Each cutting zone 3 corresponds to an independent processing station, such as multiple cutting platforms and hoppers. The cutting platforms and hoppers are detachably connected, and the multiple cutting zones 3 are linearly connected in sequence to form a large-area processing space. This modular design allows for flexible adjustment of the number and layout of cutting zones according to processing needs, and also facilitates equipment maintenance and expansion.

[0026] A suction pipe 4 is installed along the X-axis on one side (e.g., the left side) of the machine bed 1. The suction pipe 4 is a long pipe whose length covers the entire X-axis range of the machine bed 1. Multiple suction ports 41 are spaced apart on the suction pipe 4, and the position of each suction port 41 corresponds one-to-one with the position of each cutting area 3. One end of the suction pipe 4 is connected to a dust removal fan 7 located on one side of the laser cutting machine. When the dust removal fan 7 is working, it generates negative pressure in the suction pipe 4, which draws the dust into the suction pipe 4 through the suction ports 41 and discharges it to the outside or to the filter device.

[0027] like Figure 3 As shown, to achieve independent control of each suction port 41, each suction port 41 is equipped with an air damper (not shown in the figure), and a corresponding solenoid valve 42 is installed at the air damper. The solenoid valve 42 is electrically connected to the control system and is used to open or close the corresponding air damper under the control of the control system. Preferably, the solenoid valve 42 can also adjust the opening degree of the air damper according to the control signal, thereby achieving fine adjustment of the suction flow rate. When the air damper corresponding to a certain suction port 41 is open, the suction port 41 is connected to the suction pipe 4, generating a local negative pressure; when the air damper is closed, the suction port 41 is isolated from the suction pipe 4, avoiding ineffective suction and saving energy.

[0028] At the bottom of the crossbeam 2 on the side opposite to the suction pipe 4, a follow-up fan 5 is connected via a connecting plate 21. The follow-up fan 5 moves with the crossbeam 2, and its blowing direction is towards the suction pipe 4, i.e., towards the suction port 41. During laser cutting, the dust near the cutting head is the most concentrated. The follow-up fan 5 can directionally blow the dust generated at the cutting point towards the side closer to the suction pipe 4, so that it can be quickly drawn away by the corresponding suction port 41. Specifically, when the cutting head is cutting near the suction port 41, close-range suction can accurately remove the dust generated during cutting; while when the cutting head is cutting near the follow-up fan 5, the follow-up fan 5 can blow the dust generated at the cutting point towards the opposite suction port 41 for easy removal. The start, stop, and speed of the follow-up fan 5 can be controlled by the control system according to the cutting status, such as starting at the beginning of cutting and stopping at the end of cutting, or adjusting the speed according to the dust concentration.

[0029] On the other side of the bed 1 (i.e., the side opposite to the suction pipe 4), multiple sets of fixed fans 6 are spaced along the X-axis, corresponding to the cutting areas 3. The fixed fans 6 are fixedly installed on the bed 1, with at least one fixed fan 6 in each cutting area 3, and the airflow direction of the fixed fans 6 is also towards the suction pipe 4, i.e., opposite to the suction port 41. The function of the fixed fans 6 is to blow any residual dust (such as dust not removed promptly after cutting, dust generated by high-temperature materials, etc.) in their respective cutting areas 3 back towards the suction port 41, achieving secondary dust extraction. When the follower fan 5 moves into the same cutting area 3 as a fixed fan 6, the fixed fan 6 stops working to avoid airflow collision caused by two fans blowing simultaneously, which would affect the dust extraction effect. When the follower fan 5 leaves the area, the fixed fan 6 can resume operation.

[0030] like Figure 4-5 As shown, further, to facilitate the installation of the fixed fan 6 and the smooth movement of the follower fan 5, a mounting frame 8 is provided on the other side of the bed 1 along the X-axis. The mounting frame 8 is a long, narrow frame structure with a hollow interior to accommodate the movement space of the fixed fan 6 and the follower fan 5. Multiple fixed fans 6 are installed at intervals along the X-axis inside the mounting frame 8, each fixed fan 6 facing the corresponding cutting area 3, and the back of the fixed fan 6 is spaced a certain distance from the inner wall of the mounting frame 8 to ensure that the fan can draw in sufficient airflow, thereby ensuring the air volume and speed of the blowing. An air outlet 81 is opened on the side of the mounting frame 8 (the side facing the dust suction pipe 4), and the airflow generated by the fixed fan 6 is blown towards the cutting area 3 through the air outlet 81. A slide rail 9 is opened on the top surface of the mounting frame 8 along the X-axis, and the connecting plate 21 extends downward from the bottom of the crossbeam 2, passes through the slide rail 9 and enters the interior of the mounting frame 8, and is fixedly connected to the follower fan 5. The follower fan 5 is located within the mounting bracket 8 between the fixed fan 6 and the air outlet 81, and moves along the slide rail 9 together with the crossbeam 2. This structural design ensures the freedom of movement of the follower fan 5, avoids interference with the fixed fan 6, and ensures that the airflow direction is always directed towards the suction pipe 4.

[0031] To achieve intelligent and automated dust collection control, the dust collection system also includes a position feedback system, a smoke and dust sensing system, and a control system. The position feedback system is used to determine the position of the cutting component (i.e., the laser cutting head) on the bed 1 in real time; the smoke and dust sensing system is used to detect whether there is smoke and dust in each cutting area 3 and the concentration of smoke and dust; the control system is electrically connected to the position feedback system and the smoke and dust sensing system respectively, receives feedback signals and outputs control commands.

[0032] Specifically, the position feedback system includes a position sensor mounted on the cutting assembly, such as an encoder or a laser displacement sensor. The encoder is mounted on the motor shaft that drives the crossbeam 2 to move. By counting the pulses of the motor rotation, the current position of the crossbeam 2 is calculated in real time, and the position signal is fed back to the control system. Alternatively, a grating ruler can be set on the bed 1 along the X-axis, and a reading head can be set on the crossbeam 2 to achieve high-precision position detection. The control system determines the cutting area 3 where the cutting head is currently located based on the position signal, and controls the cylinder solenoid valve 42 at the corresponding dust suction port 41 to open the damper, while simultaneously starting the follow-up fan 5 to achieve the first stage of precise positioning and dust extraction.

[0033] The smoke detection system includes smoke sensors electrically connected to the control system. These sensors are located within each cutting zone 3, for example, installed on the side wall of the cutting zone 3 or near the inside of the hopper, to detect the smoke level in the current cutting zone 3. The smoke sensors are preferably photoelectric smoke sensors, which have an internal optical labyrinth structure. When smoke enters the labyrinth, infrared light is scattered or refracted, causing the receiver to receive the light signal, thus generating a smoke feedback signal. Different models of photoelectric smoke sensors have different sensitivity thresholds, which can be selected according to actual needs to achieve quantitative sensing of smoke concentration. The smoke sensors detect and transmit the smoke feedback signal (such as a voltage or current signal) to the control system in real time. The control system uses this information to determine which cutting zones 3 contain residual smoke and the concentration of the smoke.

[0034] Furthermore, the cylinder solenoid valve 42, the follow-up fan 5, and the fixed fan 6 are all electrically connected to the control system, receiving start / stop, speed, and opening commands from the control system. The control system can be a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), an industrial computer, or a dedicated controller, with built-in control logic programs. When the control system receives the cutting head position signal sent by the position feedback system, it controls the cylinder solenoid valve 42 at the dust suction port 41 in the cutting area 3 corresponding to that position to open the damper, and controls the follow-up fan 5 to start (if it has not yet started), while the dust removal fan 7 runs simultaneously, quickly removing the main dust generated during cutting. This is the first stage of dust collection.

[0035] After the cutting head leaves a cutting area 3, a small amount of smoke may still remain in that area (e.g., due to smoke diffusion or continued smoke generation from high-temperature materials collected in the hopper after cutting). If the smoke sensor in that area detects that the smoke concentration exceeds a set threshold, it sends a smoke feedback signal to the control system. Based on this signal, the control system controls the solenoid valve 42 at the suction port 41 corresponding to that cutting area 3 to reopen the damper (if it had been closed previously), and controls the fixed fan 6 in that area to start, blowing the remaining smoke towards the suction port 41 for secondary suction. When the smoke sensor detects that the smoke concentration has dropped below the threshold, the control system can delay for a period of time before closing the damper and the fixed fan 6. This is the second stage of suction, ensuring that the smoke in the cutting area is completely removed.

[0036] It should be noted that the first and second stages of dust collection can be performed simultaneously. That is, while the cutting head is still cutting in a certain area, if there is residual smoke and dust in other areas, the control system can also simultaneously activate the fixed fan 6 and the suction port 41 in the corresponding areas to achieve parallel processing. In addition, the opening degree of the damper can be adjusted according to the smoke and dust concentration: when the smoke and dust concentration is high, the control cylinder solenoid valve 42 opens the damper to a larger angle to increase the suction flow; when the smoke and dust concentration is low, the damper opening can be reduced to save energy.

[0037] The control logic also needs to consider the coordinated operation of the follower fan 5 and the fixed fan 6. When the follower fan 5 moves to a certain cutting area 3, the fixed fan 6 in that area should automatically stop to avoid the two fans blowing air simultaneously and creating opposing airflows, which would disperse the smoke and dust. Specifically, after receiving the position signal, the control system determines the current cutting area 3 where the follower fan 5 is located and sends a stop command to the fixed fan 6 in that area. Once the follower fan 5 leaves the area, the operation of the fixed fan 6 in that area is resumed (if necessary). This logic ensures the uniformity of airflow direction, meaning all fans blow air towards the same side (the direction of the suction pipe 4), maximizing the efficiency of conveying smoke and dust to the suction port 41.

[0038] In another embodiment of the present invention, the vacuuming system may further include a tail-end exhaust control component, such as a solenoid valve or damper at the end of the vacuum pipe 4, for controlling the opening and closing of the entire vacuum pipe 4. When all vacuum ports 41 are closed, the tail-end solenoid valve can be closed to prevent the dust removal fan 7 from running dry and save energy.

[0039] Reference Figure 6 As shown, the present invention also discloses a dust collection method for a large-format laser cutting machine, applied to the aforementioned dust collection system. The dust collection method includes the following steps: S1: The position of the cutting component is determined by a position sensor. Specifically, the X-axis coordinate of the crossbeam 2 is detected in real time using an encoder or grating ruler to determine the current cutting area 3 where the laser cutting head is located.

[0040] S2: Start the dust removal fan 7, and the control system will start the follow-up fan 5 and open the air damper at the dust suction port 41 corresponding to the cutting area 3 where the cutting component is located, so as to accurately suck up the smoke and dust generated during laser cutting. This step achieves the first stage of precise positioning and dust suction, mainly targeting the dense smoke and dust generated at the cutting point.

[0041] S3: The smoke sensor detects the smoke level in its current cutting area 3 and generates a smoke feedback signal, which is then transmitted to the control system. The smoke sensor continuously monitors the smoke concentration in each area, and sends a feedback signal once the smoke concentration exceeds a set threshold.

[0042] S4: Based on the smoke and dust feedback information, the control system opens the dampers 41 at the corresponding dust extraction ports 41 in the corresponding cutting areas 3 and the fixed fans 6 to perform the second-stage positioning dust extraction to remove residual smoke and dust in each cutting area 3. When the smoke and dust concentration in a certain area drops below the threshold, the control system closes the dampers and fixed fans 6 in that area.

[0043] It should be noted that steps S2 and S4 can be performed simultaneously, meaning the first and second stages of vacuuming can be executed concurrently without interference. Furthermore, in step S2, the open suction port 41 can be updated in real-time based on the movement of the cutting head, achieving follow-up vacuuming. In step S4, the opening degree of the damper can be adjusted according to the smoke and dust concentration; it opens wider when the concentration is high and closes narrower when the concentration is low, achieving a balance between energy saving and high efficiency.

[0044] The dust collection system of this invention, through precise control and optimized structure, allows for the use of a lower-power dust collection fan without sacrificing dust collection efficiency, reducing ineffective fan operation time and lowering equipment investment costs and long-term electricity expenses. The control logic of this invention is clear and easy to upgrade existing laser cutting machines, making it suitable for various large-format flatbed cutting machines, pipe cutting machines, and other similar models.

[0045] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0046] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A dust collection system for a large-format laser cutting machine, comprising a bed (1) and a crossbeam (2) mounted on the bed (1) for moving cutting components, wherein the bed (1) contains multiple cutting zones (3), characterized in that: A suction pipe (4) is provided along the X-axis on one side of the bed (1). The suction pipe (4) is provided with suction ports (41) at intervals corresponding to each section of the cutting area (3). A follow-up fan (5) is connected to the bottom of the crossbeam (2) on the opposite side of the suction pipe (4) via a connecting plate (21). The follow-up fan (5) moves with the crossbeam (2) and blows the smoke and dust generated during laser cutting toward the suction port (41) on the opposite side. On the other side of the bed (1), fixed fans (6) are arranged at intervals along the X-axis, corresponding to the cutting area (3). The fixed fans (6) are respectively arranged opposite to the dust suction port (41) and blow the residual smoke and dust in the cutting area (3) where they are located toward the corresponding dust suction port (41). When the follower fan (5) and the fixed fan (6) are in the same cutting area (3), the fixed fan (6) stops working.

2. The dust collection system for a large-format laser cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suction pipe (4) is connected to the dust removal fan (7) located on one side of the laser cutting machine; a damper is provided at the suction port (41), and a cylinder solenoid valve (42) for controlling the opening or closing of the damper is provided at each damper.

3. The dust collection system for a large-format laser cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mounting bracket (8) is provided on the other side of the bed (1) along the X-axis. Fixed fans (6) that blow air toward the cutting area (3) are installed at intervals in the mounting bracket (8). Air outlets (81) are opened on the side of the mounting bracket (8). A slide rail (9) is opened on the top surface of the mounting bracket (8) along the X-axis. The connecting plate (21) slides in the slide rail (9). The follower fan (5) moves together with the crossbeam (2) between the fixed fan (6) and the air outlet (81) in the mounting bracket (8).

4. The dust collection system for a large-format laser cutting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cutting area (3) includes multiple cutting platforms and hoppers. Each cutting platform and hopper is detachably connected to each other, and the multiple cutting areas (3) are linearly connected in sequence. The dust suction pipe (4) and the mounting bracket (8) are respectively located on both sides of the cutting area (3).

5. The dust collection system for a large-format laser cutting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dust collection system also includes a position feedback system for determining the position of the cutting component; a smoke and dust sensing system for confirming the position of smoke and dust in the cutting area (3); and a control system electrically connected to the position feedback system and the smoke and dust sensing system respectively. On the one hand, based on the position of the cutting component fed back by the position feedback system, the dust collection port (41) on the corresponding side of the cutting area (3) is opened. On the other hand, based on the position of smoke and dust fed back by the smoke and dust sensing system, the dust collection port (41) and the fixed fan (6) corresponding to the cutting area (3) where the smoke and dust are located are opened.

6. The dust collection system for a large-format laser cutting machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The position feedback system includes a position sensor installed on the cutting assembly. The position sensor is used to detect the position of the cutting assembly and control the opening of the cylinder solenoid valve (42) at the dust suction port (41) in the corresponding cutting area (3) through the control system.

7. The dust collection system for a large-format laser cutting machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The smoke and dust sensing system includes a smoke sensor electrically connected to the control system. The smoke sensor is set in each of the cutting areas (3) to detect the smoke and dust situation in the cutting area (3) where the smoke sensor is currently located, and to generate a smoke and dust feedback signal to be transmitted to the control system.

8. The dust collection system for a large-format laser cutting machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cylinder solenoid valve (42), the follow-up fan (5), and the fixed fan (6) are all electrically connected to the control system. Under the control of the control system, the damper and the fixed fan (6) at the corresponding dust suction port (41) in the cutting area (3) are opened, and the two work together to suck up the residual smoke.

9. A dust extraction method for a large-format laser cutting machine, characterized in that: The dust collection system for a large-format laser cutting machine according to any one of claims 1-8, the dust collection method comprising the following steps: S1: The position of the cutting component is determined by the position sensor; S2: Start the dust removal fan (7), control the start of the follow-up fan (5), and open the air door at the dust suction port (41) corresponding to the cutting area (3) where the cutting component is located, so as to accurately suck up the smoke and dust generated during laser cutting; S3: The smoke sensor detects the smoke and dust situation in the cutting area (3) where it is currently located, and generates a smoke and dust feedback signal to be transmitted to the control system; S4: The control system opens the damper and fixed fan (6) at the corresponding dust suction port (41) in the corresponding cutting area (3) according to the dust feedback information, and performs positioning dust extraction to remove the residual dust in each cutting area (3).

10. The dust collection method for a large-format laser cutting machine according to claim 9, characterized in that: Steps S2 and S4 can be performed simultaneously. When the follow-up fan (5) and the fixed fan (6) are in the same cutting area (3), the fixed fan (6) stops working.

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