Transmission tool loosening and clamping mechanism capable of rapidly changing tool

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of machining equipment, and particularly relates to a transmission tool loosening and clamping mechanism capable of rapidly changing tools. In order to solve the problems that in the prior art, due to the fact that a motor is started and stopped frequently, actions are not coherent, and performance is not stable, the transmission tool loosening and clamping mechanism capable of rapidly changing the tools comprises a stand column and a spindle box arranged on the stand column, and a tool magazine used for storing the tools is arranged on one side of the spindle box; a tool loosening assembly and a tool changing assembly are further arranged between the tool magazine and the spindle box, the tool loosening assembly and the tool changing assembly are both in driving connection with the driving motor, the tool loosening assembly is connected with the spindle box through a transmission mechanism, and the tool changing assembly can be communicated with the spindle box and / or the tool magazine under driving of the driving motor. The transmission type tool loosening and clamping mechanism is simple in structure and reasonable in layout, the driving motor does not need to be started and stopped frequently in the tool changing process, and the whole transmission type tool loosening and clamping mechanism acts smoothly and reliably and is high in machining efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of machining equipment technology, and particularly relates to a transmission-driven tool clamping mechanism for quick tool changing. Background Technology

[0002] In existing machining equipment, the tool-changing mechanism consists of a main motor mounted on the spindle box and connected to an electronic control unit. A tool-changing cylinder is mounted above the spindle. The extension and retraction of the output shaft of the tool-changing cylinder completes the tool release and clamping actions on the spindle. During tool changing, the tool-changing arm first clamps the tools in the tool magazine and on the spindle. Then, the electronically controlled tool-changing cylinder releases the tools from the spindle. After the tool release is completed, the electronic control system activates the tool-changing arm to pull down and rotate 180 degrees to exchange the tools in the spindle and tool magazine. The electronic control system then drives the tool-changing cylinder to retract the tool clamp on the spindle, and finally drives the tool-changing arm back to its original position before the machining equipment can begin processing. Its disadvantages include frequent start-stop cycles of the tool-changing arm motor during tool changing, which can lead to motor wear, low processing efficiency, discontinuous and unstable operation, and safety concerns.

[0003] For example, a Chinese invention patent application discloses a tool release and clamping mechanism and a five-axis electric spindle [application number: 202110712973.8]. This invention patent application includes a pull rod slidably disposed at the axis of the spindle; a clamping assembly for receiving the drive of the pull rod to release or clamp the tool; a hydraulic device for driving the pull rod to slide along a first direction to cause the clamping assembly to release the tool; and a disc spring assembly whose process of restoring deformation drives the pull rod to slide along a second direction to cause the clamping assembly to clamp the tool, wherein the first direction and the second direction are opposite directions; the disc springs of the disc spring assembly are stacked in pairs and then aligned.

[0004] This invention patent application has the advantages of strong buffering and shock absorption capabilities. Due to the frictional resistance of the superimposed disc spring surface, the absorption of impact and dissipation of energy are more significant, which is conducive to improving the processing accuracy. However, it still does not solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the above-mentioned problems by providing a transmission-driven tool clamping mechanism that enables rapid tool changing.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A quick-change transmission-driven tool release and clamping mechanism includes a column and a spindle box mounted on the column. A tool magazine for storing tools is provided on one side of the spindle box. A tool release assembly and a tool changing assembly are also provided between the tool magazine and the spindle box. Both the tool release assembly and the tool changing assembly are driven and connected to a drive motor. The tool release assembly is connected to the spindle box through a transmission mechanism. The tool changing assembly can communicate with the spindle box and / or the tool magazine under the drive of the drive motor.

[0008] In the aforementioned fast-change transmission-driven tool clamping mechanism, the tool changing assembly includes an automatic tool changing mechanism driven and connected to a drive motor, and a tool changing arm driven and connected to the automatic tool changing mechanism. One end of the tool changing arm extends to the bottom of the tool magazine, and the other end extends to the bottom of the spindle box.

[0009] In the aforementioned transmission-driven tool clamping and releasing mechanism for quick tool changing, the tool releasing assembly includes a cam spindle mounted on and driven by the automatic tool changing mechanism. An eccentric cam is connected to the end of the cam spindle, and the eccentric cam is located on one side of the automatic tool changing mechanism and driven by the transmission mechanism.

[0010] In the aforementioned quick-change transmission clamping mechanism, the tool release assembly further includes a shrinking sleeve, which is disposed between the cam spindle and the eccentric cam.

[0011] In the aforementioned quick-change transmission tool release and clamping mechanism, the transmission mechanism includes a mounting bracket fixedly connected to a column, a first transmission component fixedly connected to the mounting bracket, one end of the first transmission component being drivenly connected to a tool release component, and the other end being drivenly connected to a second transmission component, with the end of the second transmission component away from the first transmission component connected to the spindle box.

[0012] In the aforementioned quick-change transmission-driven tool release mechanism, the first transmission component includes a housing fixedly connected to a mounting bracket. The housing has an installation space, and a swingable transmission tool release arm is provided within the installation space. A swing arm is rotatably connected to the outer side of the housing. One end of the swing arm presses against the tool release component, and the other end passes through a fixed base shaft. One end of the fixed base shaft passes through the housing and extends into the transmission tool release arm. A roller is rotatably connected to the end of the transmission tool release arm away from the fixed base shaft. Swinging the transmission tool release arm allows the roller to press against the second transmission component.

[0013] In the aforementioned transmission clamping mechanism for quick tool changing, an elastic reset element is provided between the roller and the outer housing, and the elastic reset element is located directly below the roller.

[0014] In the aforementioned quick-change transmission clamping mechanism, the transmission mechanism further includes a cylinder fixedly connected to the upper end of the outer casing. The output shaft of the cylinder passes through the outer casing, and a tool release seat is provided at the end of the output shaft. Moving the tool release seat can press the tool release seat onto the roller.

[0015] In the aforementioned quick-change transmission-driven tool release mechanism, the second transmission component includes an "L"-shaped transmission arm. One end of the transmission arm abuts against the first transmission component, and the other end is rotatably connected to the main spindle tool release ring via a tool release roller. The main spindle tool release ring is connected to the spindle box. The mechanism also includes a fixed base fixedly connected to the column. A tool release arm spindle is provided on the fixed base. The tool release arm spindle passes through the transmission arm and is rotatably connected to the transmission arm. The distance between the tool release arm spindle and the second transmission component is greater than the distance between the tool release arm spindle and the main spindle tool release ring.

[0016] In the aforementioned quick-change transmission tool clamping and releasing mechanism, the spindle box includes a housing and a spindle disposed within the housing. A pull rod is provided inside the spindle, and one end of the pull rod is provided with a four-lobed claw for clamping the tool. One end of the tool releasing assembly is drivenly connected to the pull rod, and a disc spring for resetting is also sleeved on the pull rod.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are:

[0018] 1. The present invention has a simple structure and reasonable layout. It does not require frequent starting and stopping of the drive motor during tool changing, which makes the entire transmission-type tool clamping mechanism smooth, reliable and efficient in processing.

[0019] 2. The distance between the release arm spindle and the second transmission component of the present invention is greater than the distance between the release arm spindle and the main shaft release ring, that is, the distance between the fulcrum and the force application point is relatively long, thereby making it easier to achieve the release action of the clamped knife. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a front view of a portion of the structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a right view of a portion of the structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional view of the first transmission component;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the second transmission component;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a sectional view of the main axis;

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Column; 2. Spindle box; 3. Tool magazine; 4. Tool release assembly; 5. Tool change assembly; 6. Transmission mechanism; 7. Drive motor; 8. Housing; 9. Spindle; 10. Connecting rod; 11. Four-lobed claw; 22. Disc spring; 23. Cam spindle; 44. Eccentric cam; 45. Expansion sleeve; 46. Automatic tool changer; 57. Tool changer arm; 68. Mounting bracket; 69. First transmission assembly; 60. Second transmission assembly; 61. Housing; 622. Mounting space; 623. Transmission tool release arm; 624. Swing arm; 625. Fixed seat spindle; 626. Roller; 627. Elastic reset element; 628. Cylinder; 629. Tool release holder; 631. Transmission arm; 632. Tool release roller; 633. Spindle tool release ring; 634. Fixed seat; 635. Tool release arm spindle. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, a quick-change tool-changing transmission clamping mechanism includes a column 1 and a spindle box 2 mounted on the column 1. A tool magazine 3 for storing tools is provided on one side of the spindle box 2. A tool release assembly 4 and a tool changing assembly 5 are also provided between the tool magazine 3 and the spindle box 2. Both the tool release assembly 4 and the tool changing assembly 5 are driven by a drive motor 7. The tool release assembly 4 is connected to the spindle box 2 through a transmission mechanism 6. The tool changing assembly 5 can communicate with the spindle box 2 and / or the tool magazine 3 under the drive of the drive motor 7.

[0030] In this invention, during use, the drive motor 7 starts to drive the tool release assembly 4 and the tool changing assembly 5. The tool release assembly 4 transmits the driving force to the spindle box 2 through the transmission mechanism 6 to release the tool inside the spindle box 2. At this time, the tool changing assembly 5 can remove the released tool from the spindle box 2 and replace the tool in the tool magazine 3 into the spindle box 2. Therefore, this invention has a simple structure and reasonable layout. During the tool changing process, there is no need to frequently start and stop the drive motor 7, making the entire transmission-type tool release and clamping mechanism operate smoothly and reliably, with high processing efficiency.

[0031] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the tool changing assembly 5 includes an automatic tool changing mechanism 51 driven and connected to the drive motor 7, and a tool changing arm 52 driven and connected to the automatic tool changing mechanism 51. One end of the tool changing arm 52 extends below the tool magazine 3, and the other end extends below the spindle box 2. The tool releasing assembly 4 includes a cam spindle 41 disposed on and driven and connected to the automatic tool changing mechanism 51. An eccentric cam 42 is connected to the end of the cam spindle 41. The eccentric cam 42 is located on one side of the automatic tool changing mechanism 51 and driven and connected to the transmission mechanism 6.

[0032] The specific structures of the automatic tool changer 51 and the tool changer arm 52 can be selected from the existing automatic tool changer and tool changer arm structures. The drive motor 7 can drive the tool changer arm 52 to rise, fall, and rotate through the automatic tool changer 51. During the rotation of the eccentric cam 42 driven by the cam spindle 41, the eccentric cam 42 can realize the reciprocating drive of the swing arm 624 in the transmission mechanism 6.

[0033] Preferably, the unclip assembly 4 further includes a tensioning sleeve 43, which is disposed between the cam spindle 41 and the eccentric cam 42. The tensioning sleeve 43 can hinge and fix the eccentric cam 42 to the cam spindle 41 at any angle.

[0034] like Figure 4 As shown, the transmission mechanism 6 includes a mounting bracket 61 fixedly connected to the column 1, a first transmission component 62 fixedly connected to the mounting bracket 61, one end of the first transmission component 62 being drivenly connected to the tool release component 4, and the other end being drivenly connected to the second transmission component 63, with the end of the second transmission component 63 away from the first transmission component 62 connected to the spindle box 2.

[0035] Specifically, combining Figure 5 As shown, the first transmission assembly 62 includes a housing 621 fixedly connected to the mounting bracket 61. The housing 621 has an installation space 622. The installation space 622 is provided with a swingable transmission release arm 623. A swing arm 624 is also rotatably connected to the outside of the housing 621. One end of the swing arm 624 is pressed against the release assembly 4, and the other end passes through a fixed seat spindle 625. One end of the fixed seat spindle 625 passes through the housing 621 and extends into the transmission release arm 623. A roller 626 is rotatably connected to the end of the transmission release arm 623 away from the fixed seat spindle 625. Swinging the transmission release arm 623 can cause the roller 626 to press against the second transmission assembly 63.

[0036] Preferably, an elastic reset member 627 is further provided between the roller 626 and the outer casing 621, and the elastic reset member 627 is located directly below the roller 626. The elastic reset member 627 can be a spring or a spring return cylinder or similar elastic structure to facilitate the reset of the roller 626 after the external force is removed.

[0037] like Figure 5 As shown, the transmission mechanism 6 also includes a cylinder 628 fixedly connected to the upper end of the outer shell 621. The output shaft of the cylinder 628 passes through the outer shell 621 and a tool release seat 629 is provided at the end of the output shaft. Moving the tool release seat 629 can press the tool release seat 629 onto the roller 626.

[0038] like Figure 6As shown, the second transmission assembly 63 includes an "L"-shaped transmission arm 631. One end of the transmission arm 631 abuts against the first transmission assembly 62, and the other end is rotatably connected to the main shaft release ring 633 via a release roller 632. The main shaft release ring 633 is connected to the main shaft box 2. It also includes a fixed seat 634 fixedly connected to the column 1. A release arm spindle 635 is provided on the fixed seat 634. The release arm spindle 635 passes through the transmission arm 631 and is rotatably connected to the transmission arm 631. The distance between the release arm spindle 635 and the second transmission assembly 63 is greater than the distance between the release arm spindle 635 and the main shaft release ring 633.

[0039] The distance between the release arm spindle 635 and the second transmission component 62 of the present invention is greater than the distance between the release arm spindle 635 and the main shaft release ring 6331. That is, the distance between the fulcrum and the force application point is relatively long, thereby enabling the release of the clamped knife action to be achieved with less effort.

[0040] like Figure 7 As shown, the spindle box 2 includes a housing 21 and a spindle 22 disposed inside the housing 21. A pull rod 23 is provided inside the spindle 22. One end of the pull rod 23 is provided with a four-lobed claw 24 for clamping the tool. One end of the tool release assembly 4 is drivenly connected to the pull rod 23. A disc spring 25 for resetting is also sleeved on the pull rod 23.

[0041] The tool changing process of this invention is as follows: When the control system sends a tool changing command to the automatic tool changing mechanism 51, the drive motor 7 starts and drives the automatic tool changing mechanism 51. The automatic tool changing mechanism 51 drives the tool changing arm 52 to move, synchronously driving the cam spindle 41 and the eccentric cam 42 hinged to the cam spindle 41 to rotate. During the rotation of the eccentric cam 42, it pushes the swing arm 624 in contact with it to rotate in an arc. The swing arm 624 is hinged to the fixed seat spindle 625. The fixed seat spindle 625 has a transmission slack in the middle. The tool arm 623 has a roller 62 at its end. When the swing arm 624 rotates, it simultaneously drives the tool arm 623 and roller 626 to swing in an arc, synchronously pressing down on the elastic reset member 627. The roller 626's swinging motion synchronously pushes the drive arm 631 to swing. Under the lever principle, the drive arm 631, with the tool arm spindle 635 as its fulcrum, causes the tool release roller 632 at one end of the drive arm 631 to swing downwards, thus pressing down on the spindle tool release ring 633. When the tool changing arm 52 moves... When the tool moves to below the spindle (tool release), the eccentric cam 42 rotates to its maximum lower outer circular area (tool release area) and swings the swing arm 624 to its maximum arc angle position. Through the overall structural transmission, the tool release ring 633 of the spindle moves to its maximum movement and is pressed down. The pull rod 23 moves downward, and the four-lobed jaws 24 open, thus achieving the function of tool release on the spindle. The tool changing arm 52 begins to move down (tool pull), rotates 180 degrees, and then rises again to below the spindle 22 (tool return). Simultaneously, the eccentric cam 42 rotates to its maximum lower outer circular area (tool clamping area). The tool changing arm 52 rotates back to its original position, and the eccentric cam 42 rotates one revolution back to its original position. The drive motor 7 stops, and under the reaction force of the elastic reset member 627, the transmission release arm 623 and the swing arm 624 return to their original positions. The synchronous spindle 22 is pulled up by the pull rod 23 driven by the reaction force of the disc spring 44, so that the spindle 22 can clamp the tool. Thus, the tool on the spindle 22 and the tool installed in the tool magazine 3 are exchanged quickly and without interruption through the transmission action of the overall structure.

[0042] The present invention also includes another tool changing process: A cylinder 628 is installed above the outer casing 621. The cylinder 628 has an output shaft with a telescopic action. A tool release seat 629 is installed at the bottom of the output shaft. When manual tool changing is required, the output shaft extends, thereby the tool release seat 629 presses down on the matched roller 626 longitudinally. The roller 626 swings in an arc, driving the transmission arm 631 to swing. The tool release roller 632 at one end of the arc swinging transmission arm 631 swings downward, thereby pressing down on the main spindle tool release ring 633, achieving the tool release function of the main spindle 22. After the tool is changed, the output shaft retracts. The main spindle 22 pulls the pull rod 23 under the reaction force of the disc spring 25, thereby driving the four-lobed claw 24 to pull up, achieving the tool clamping function of the main spindle 22. Under the reaction force of the elastic reset member 627, the roller 626 returns the transmission tool release arm 623 and the swing arm 624 to their original positions, completing the manual tool changing function.

[0043] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to substitute them, without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0044] Although this article uses a lot of terms such as column 1, spindle box 2, tool magazine 3, tool release assembly 4, tool change assembly 5, transmission mechanism 6, drive motor 7, housing 21, spindle 22, pull rod 23, four-lobed claw 24, disc spring 25, cam spindle 41, eccentric cam 42, tension sleeve 43, automatic tool changer 51, tool changer arm 52, mounting bracket 61, first transmission assembly 62, second transmission assembly 63, outer shell 621, installation space 622, transmission tool release arm 623, swing arm 624, fixed seat spindle 625, roller 626, elastic reset component 627, cylinder 628, tool release seat 629, transmission arm 631, tool release roller 632, spindle tool release ring 633, fixed seat 634, and tool release arm spindle 635, the possibility of using other terms cannot be ruled out. The use of these terms is merely for the convenience of describing and explaining the nature of the invention; interpreting them as any additional limitation would be contrary to the spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A quick-change transmission-driven tool clamping mechanism, comprising a column (1) and a spindle box (2) mounted on the column (1), wherein a tool magazine (3) for storing tools is provided on one side of the spindle box (2), characterized in that: The tool magazine (3) and the spindle box (2) are also provided with a tool release assembly (4) and a tool change assembly (5). Both the tool release assembly (4) and the tool change assembly (5) are driven and connected to the drive motor (7). The tool release assembly (4) is connected to the spindle box (2) through the transmission mechanism (6). The tool change assembly (5) can be connected to the spindle box (2) and / or the tool magazine (3) under the drive of the drive motor (7).

2. The transmission-driven tool clamping mechanism for rapid tool changing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The tool changing assembly (5) includes an automatic tool changing mechanism (51) driven and connected to a drive motor (7) and a tool changing arm (52) driven and connected to the automatic tool changing mechanism (51). One end of the tool changing arm (52) extends to the bottom of the tool magazine (3) and the other end extends to the bottom of the spindle box (2).

3. The transmission-driven tool clamping mechanism for rapid tool changing as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The tool release assembly (4) includes a cam spindle (41) disposed on and drivenly connected to the automatic tool change mechanism (51). An eccentric cam (42) is connected to the end of the cam spindle (41). The eccentric cam (42) is located on one side of the automatic tool change mechanism (51) and drivenly connected to the transmission mechanism (6).

4. The transmission-driven tool clamping mechanism for rapid tool changing as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The unclip assembly (4) also includes a shrink sleeve (43), which is disposed between the cam spindle (41) and the eccentric cam (42).

5. The transmission-driven tool clamping mechanism for rapid tool changing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism (6) includes a mounting bracket (61) fixedly connected to the column (1), a first transmission component (62) fixedly connected to the mounting bracket (61), one end of the first transmission component (62) being driven connected to the tool release component (4), and the other end being driven connected to the second transmission component (63), and the end of the second transmission component (63) away from the first transmission component (62) being connected to the spindle box (2).

6. The transmission-driven tool clamping mechanism for rapid tool changing as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The first transmission assembly (62) includes a housing (621) fixedly connected to a mounting bracket (61). The housing (621) has an installation space (622). The installation space (622) is provided with a swingable transmission release arm (623). A swing arm (624) is also rotatably connected to the outside of the housing (621). One end of the swing arm (624) is pressed on the release assembly (4), and the other end passes through a fixed seat spindle (625). One end of the fixed seat spindle (625) passes through the housing (621) and extends into the transmission release arm (623). A roller (626) is rotatably connected to the end of the transmission release arm (623) away from the fixed seat spindle (625). Swinging the transmission release arm (623) can cause the roller (626) to press on the second transmission assembly (63).

7. The transmission-driven tool clamping mechanism for rapid tool changing as described in claim 6, characterized in that: There is also an elastic reset member (627) between the roller (626) and the outer casing (621), and the elastic reset member (627) is located directly below the roller (626).

8. The transmission-driven tool clamping mechanism for rapid tool changing as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism (6) also includes a cylinder (628) fixedly connected to the upper end of the outer shell (621). The output shaft of the cylinder (628) passes through the outer shell (621) and a tool release seat (629) is provided at the end of the output shaft. Moving the tool release seat (629) can press the tool release seat (629) onto the roller (626).

9. The transmission-driven tool clamping mechanism for rapid tool changing as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The second transmission assembly (63) includes an "L"-shaped transmission arm (631), one end of which abuts against the first transmission assembly (62), and the other end is rotatably connected to the main shaft release ring (633) via a release roller (632). The main shaft release ring (633) is connected to the main shaft box (2). It also includes a fixed seat (634) fixedly connected to the column (1). A release arm spindle (635) is provided on the fixed seat (634). The release arm spindle (635) passes through the transmission arm (631) and is rotatably connected to the transmission arm (631). The distance between the release arm spindle (635) and the second transmission assembly (63) is greater than the distance between the release arm spindle (635) and the main shaft release ring (633).

10. The transmission-driven tool clamping mechanism for rapid tool changing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The spindle box (2) includes a housing (21) and a spindle (22) disposed inside the housing (21). A pull rod (23) is provided inside the spindle (22). One end of the pull rod (23) is provided with a four-lobed claw (24) for clamping the tool. One end of the tool release assembly (4) is drivenly connected to the pull rod (23). A disc spring (25) for resetting is also sleeved on the pull rod (23).

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