Pile foundation detection transducer array and data acquisition method

Abstract

The invention discloses a pile foundation detection transducer array and a data acquisition method. The pile foundation detection transducer array comprises three core parts, namely a central control host, a sound wave emission controller and a transducer array arranged in a sound detection pipe, each transducer array is composed of a control module, a plurality of transducers and a pressing plate; the pressing plate is attached and fixed to the top end faces of the multiple transducers. The control module is electrically connected with the transducer located on the uppermost portion through a cable. The plurality of transducers are coated with a waterproof outer package, and a gravity traction head is mounted at the bottom of the waterproof outer package; every two adjacent transducers are connected in series through a cable. Transducers in the transducer array are vertically arranged, and an arrangement fixing structure is a detachable buckle fixing structure or a vertical base embedded fixing structure. According to the invention, high-efficiency, automatic and high-precision three-dimensional imaging detection can be carried out on the defects of the pile foundation, so that the core technical effects of high convenience in operation, high reliability in data and visual and visible result are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of concrete pile testing technology, and in particular to a pile foundation testing transducer array and data acquisition method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of civil engineering construction, concrete pile foundations are key load-bearing structures, and their construction quality directly affects the safety and durability of the entire project. Therefore, accurate and comprehensive non-destructive testing of concrete pile foundations is one of the core aspects of project quality control.

[0003] Currently, non-destructive testing (NDT) technologies for concrete pile foundations are mostly limited to two-dimensional testing. Among these, acoustic wave transmission (AWT) has become one of the most widely used and recognized reliable testing methods due to its mature testing principle and relatively simple operation. The core testing logic of this technology is as follows: an acoustic wave transmitting transducer is placed inside a sonic logging tube pre-embedded in the pile body. Through automatic machine control or manual pulling, the transducer is driven to synchronously lift point by point along the depth direction of the sonic logging tube. Using a "one-transmitter-one-receiver" or "one-transmitter-two-receiver" data acquisition mode, the acoustic parameters of the pile concrete are detected, and the pile defects are then determined based on the test data.

[0004] However, existing non-destructive testing techniques for concrete pile foundations based on acoustic transmission methods still have many insurmountable limitations, specifically:

[0005] 1. Low testing efficiency: In actual engineering projects, concrete piles are often equipped with multiple sonic logging tubes (such as 3 or 4). Existing technology requires point-to-point testing of each sonic logging tube combination, which is cumbersome and time-consuming, making it difficult to meet the high-efficiency testing needs of large-scale projects. 2. Limited information dimension: The detection data can only reflect the "linear" acoustic parameters of the sonic logging pipe connection direction, and cannot obtain the acoustic information of the entire pile body. This makes it difficult to construct a two-dimensional or three-dimensional data model that can comprehensively characterize the quality of the pile body concrete. The spatial positioning capability of pile body defects, especially the radial position positioning accuracy, is seriously insufficient. 3. High risk of missed detection and misjudgment of defects: For local defects that are not within the coverage area of ​​the acoustic logging pipe, the sound waves are prone to "diffraction" during propagation, which makes it impossible to effectively capture such defects, thus leading to missed detection or misjudgment of the nature and extent of the defects. 4. Poor stability of test data: When the transducer is manually pulled, it is difficult to ensure the consistency of operating parameters such as lifting speed and pause time. Even if machine control is used, it is easy to be affected by the accuracy of equipment operation, resulting in parameter fluctuations. Ultimately, the test data of different batches or different positions in the same test process lack comparability, affecting the reliability of the test results. 5. High dependence on test results: The analysis and interpretation of test data are highly dependent on the experience of professionals. Differences in the experience levels of different personnel can easily lead to inconsistent conclusions on the same set of data, resulting in strong subjectivity and making it difficult to form a standardized test result evaluation system.

[0006] To address the aforementioned shortcomings, some improved designs related to array transducers have emerged in existing technologies. However, the core improvements in these designs are limited to enhancing single-section detection efficiency or increasing signal receiving channels, failing to fundamentally overcome the technical limitations of two-dimensional detection and thus unable to construct a full-area three-dimensional spatial visualization model of the pile. Furthermore, an efficient data acquisition solution for array transducers has not yet been developed, and there is a lack of corresponding optimization methods for the massive amounts of acoustic data generated by array detection. This makes it difficult to implement such improved designs in engineering applications and effectively address the core pain points of existing detection technologies.

[0007] In summary, existing non-destructive testing technologies for concrete pile foundations cannot balance testing efficiency, accuracy, and reliability, and therefore cannot meet the requirements of modern large-scale civil engineering projects for precise quality control of pile foundations. Therefore, a pile foundation testing transducer array and data acquisition method are proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0008] (a) Purpose of the invention To address the technical problems existing in the background art, the purpose of this invention is to solve the core defects of existing acoustic transmission method detection technology, such as low detection efficiency, ambiguous spatial positioning of defects, susceptibility to human operation interference, and difficulty in obtaining a three-dimensional image of the overall quality of the pile foundation. The invention aims to achieve efficient, automated, and high-precision three-dimensional imaging detection of concrete pile foundations, thereby achieving the core technical effects of highly convenient operation, highly reliable data, and intuitive and visual results.

[0009] (II) Technical Solution This invention provides a pile foundation testing transducer array, comprising three core components: a central control host, an acoustic wave emission controller, and a transducer array arranged inside an acoustic logging tube. Each transducer array consists of a control module, multiple transducers, and a pressure plate; the pressure plate is attached and fixed to the top end face of multiple transducers; the control module is electrically connected to the topmost transducer via a cable; multiple transducers are covered with a waterproof outer casing, and a gravity traction head is installed at the bottom of the waterproof outer casing; adjacent transducers are connected in series via cables. The transducers in the transducer array are arranged vertically, and the arrangement and fixing structure is either detachable snap-fit ​​fixing or embedded fixing in a vertical base; Each control module is connected in series with the acoustic wave emission controller via a cable. The acoustic wave emission controller is used to control each transducer to emit acoustic waves in sequence according to a preset pattern, and at the same time control the corresponding transducer in the acoustic tube to receive the acoustic wave signal and collect data. The central control host is connected to the acoustic wave transmitter controller via a cable to realize power supply, control command issuance, and data transmission.

[0010] Furthermore, the switching modes of the transducer include a transmit mode and a receive mode, and the switching switch is used to switch the transducer between the transmit mode and the receive mode.

[0011] Furthermore, the waterproof material is waterproof rubber.

[0012] Furthermore, the preset rule is that each transducer is triggered to emit sound waves sequentially according to the series connection order of the transducers; the emission time interval between two adjacent transducers is 0.5ms-10ms.

[0013] Furthermore, the central control host has a built-in data processing module for filtering, noise reduction, and feature extraction of the returned collected data.

[0014] Furthermore, the cable is a shielded cable, which is used to reduce the impact of external electromagnetic interference on power supply stability, command transmission accuracy and data return integrity, and has good waterproof performance.

[0015] Furthermore, the acoustic wave transmitting controller and the central control host adopt bidirectional communication. The acoustic wave transmitting controller can preprocess the collected data and send it back to the central control host, and can also receive mode switching instructions and parameter adjustment instructions issued by the central control host.

[0016] The present invention also provides a data acquisition method based on the above-mentioned pile foundation detection transducer array, comprising the following steps: S1. Array Deployment and System Initialization: Slowly lower each transducer array to the corresponding position on the acoustic logging tube, connect it to the acoustic wave transmitter controller and the central control host via cables, and power on and start the system; send an initialization command to the acoustic wave transmitter controller via cables; the acoustic wave transmitter controller then performs channel self-tests and impedance matching tests on multiple transducers of each connected transducer array, and each transducer reports its status and ID to the central control host, completing the establishment and calibration of communication links with all transducers, and confirming that all channels are working normally.

[0017] S2. Scan Array Generation: Based on the detection requirements, the central control host calculates and generates a complete polling scan sequence containing the transmission timing and pairing logic, and sends the sequence parameters to the acoustic wave transmission controller. After parsing the instructions, the acoustic wave transmission controller sequentially sets the designated transducers as the transmission point sources through the control module, while the transducers in the corresponding acoustic tubes enter the data acquisition standby state.

[0018] S3. Synchronous excitation and parallel acquisition: Each transducer is triggered sequentially according to the generated scanning sequence to complete the acoustic signal excitation. The corresponding transducer synchronously starts data acquisition and records complete waveform data in real time.

[0019] S4. Data Feedback and Preprocessing: The transducer feeds back the collected waveform data to the central control host, which then performs preprocessing operations such as data time synchronization calibration, format normalization, and preliminary noise filtering.

[0020] S5. Precise screening of acoustic data: The validity of preprocessed acoustic data is determined, and invalid data such as interference and distortion are removed, while valid data that meets the detection accuracy requirements are retained.

[0021] S6. Generation of 3D Defect Visualization: Data is analyzed using a deep learning inversion algorithm in the internal database of the central control host, and finally a 3D visualized defect cloud map is generated.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the above-mentioned technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The pile foundation detection transducer array and data acquisition method, by adopting a scheme that combines transducer array with electronic polling scanning technology, realizes a "static" rapid scan of the quality of pile concrete. After a single deployment of the transducer array, a single scan can directly acquire a massive amount of acoustic path data of the pile body with a length of 1m or longer. This completely eliminates the time-consuming step of moving the transducer section by section and point by point in the traditional method. While greatly shortening the detection time, the amount of information obtained increases exponentially.

[0023] 2. The transducer array and data acquisition method for pile foundation testing enable the test results to leap directly from "one-dimensional wave velocity curves" or "simple two-dimensional profiles" to "three-dimensional visualized defect location and size cloud maps". This technical feature solves the problems of existing acoustic transmission methods being unable to observe defects in the internal areas of pile foundations and being prone to missed detection due to "diffraction" effects. It can generate intuitive three-dimensional images and provide quantifiable quality evidence for hidden projects in major engineering projects.

[0024] 3. The number of transducers in the pile foundation detection transducer array and data acquisition method can be flexibly increased or decreased according to the actual requirements of the project. The gravity traction head ensures that the transducer can be positioned vertically and smoothly in the sonic logging tube filled with coupling agent. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of the pile foundation detection transducer array proposed in this invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the vertical base and the fixed connection in the transducer array for pile foundation detection proposed in this invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a detachable snap-fit ​​connection in a pile foundation detection transducer array proposed in this invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a data acquisition method for a pile foundation detection transducer array proposed in this invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional imaging diagram of a data acquisition method for a pile foundation detection transducer array proposed in this invention.

[0030] Reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Central control host; 2. Acoustic wave emission controller; 3. Cable; 4. Acoustic logging tube; 5. Transducer array; 51. Control module; 52. Gravity traction head; 53. Transducer; 54. Waterproof outer casing; 55. Pressure plate; 56a. Fixed base; 56b. Snap-on detachable base; 6. Pile foundation. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0032] In the description of the invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," and "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, such as welding, riveting, or bonding; it can also be a detachable connection, such as threaded connection, keyed connection, or pin connection; or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0033] Example 1 like Figure 1-3 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a pile foundation detection transducer array, the specific structure of which is as follows: It comprises three core components: a central control host 1, an acoustic wave transmission controller 2, and a transducer array 5 arranged within an acoustic logging tube 4. The central control host 1 is a ground-based device that serves as the system control center and data center. The acoustic wave transmission controller 2 is also a ground-based device that controls the reception and transmission of the transducers 53 through input programs. The number of transducer arrays 5 is the same as the number of acoustic logging tubes 4, with each transducer array 5 independently arranged within an acoustic logging tube 4. Each transducer array 5 consists of a control module 51, 10 transducers 53, and a pressure plate 55. The pressure plate 55 is fixed to the top end face of the 10 transducers 53. The control module 51 is electrically connected to the topmost transducer 53 via a cable 3, and has an embedded communication node responsible for collecting and transmitting the acquired acoustic time data back to the central control host 1. Multiple transducers 53 are covered with a waterproof outer casing 54 to prevent coupling agent from entering and damaging the inner transducers 53, thus providing protection. The waterproof outer casing 54 is for protection. Water-resistant rubber; and a gravity traction head 52 is installed at the bottom of the waterproof outer casing 54. The gravity traction head 52 can ensure that the transducer array 5 can be placed vertically and smoothly in the acoustic tube 4 filled with coupling agent; two adjacent transducers 53 are connected in series through a cable 3. The transducer 53 is the transceiver piezoelectric transducer 53 most commonly used in non-destructive testing of pile foundation 6, and the switching mode of the transducer 53 includes a transmitting mode and a receiving mode. The switching switch is used to switch the transducer 53 between the transmitting mode and the receiving mode. Each control module 51 is connected in series with the acoustic wave emission controller 2 via cable 3. The acoustic wave emission controller 2 is used to control each transducer 53 to emit acoustic waves sequentially according to a preset pattern, and at the same time control the corresponding transducer 53 in the acoustic tube 4 to receive acoustic wave signals and collect data. The preset pattern is to trigger each transducer 53 to emit acoustic waves sequentially according to the series connection order of the transducers 53. The emission time interval between two adjacent transducers 53 is 0.5ms-10ms, preferably 5ms. The transducers 53 in the transducer array 5 are arranged vertically, and the arrangement and fixing structure is either detachable snap-fit ​​fixing or embedded fixing in the vertical base; The central control host 1 is connected to the acoustic wave transmitter controller 2 via cable 3 to realize power supply, control command issuance and data transmission.

[0034] In this embodiment, the acoustic logging tube 4 is a pre-embedded acoustic channel inside the pile body during the testing of the pile foundation 6, providing an installation channel for the transducer array 5; the number of acoustic logging tubes 4 pre-embedded inside the pile foundation 6 is 3-5; during testing, the tubes need to be filled with clean water as a coupling agent; and the cable 3 can connect the acoustic wave transmitting controller 2 to all the transducer arrays 5, responsible for power transmission and data upload; the pile foundation 6 is a concrete pile foundation.

[0035] Among them, detachable buckle fixing and vertical base embedded fixing are two connection methods that can be implemented at one time. The specific structure and function are as follows: like Figure 3 As shown, the transducer 53 is fixed by a snap-fit ​​mechanism. Each transducer 53 is independently fastened to the mounting position of the snap-fit ​​detachable base 56b. The snap-fit ​​and the mounting position are matched one by one. Based on the actual engineering requirements for the number and density of transducers 53, the configuration of transducers 53 can be flexibly increased or decreased without structural modification of the base, which has strong adaptability.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, the vertical base is embedded and fixed: the fixed base 56a is made of rigid material and has stable support strength; each transducer 53 is embedded in the preset mounting groove of the fixed base 56a. Through the pressing and limiting action of the pressure plate 55, the transducer 53 is firmly fixed in the preset fixed position, effectively preventing the transducer 53 from being displaced due to vibration or external impact, and the connection stability is high.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the spatial arrangement of the transducer array 5 follows the following rules: Vertical arrangement: For the same transducer array 5, the center-to-center distance between two adjacent transducers 53 is set to a preset design value, which can be adjusted and determined according to the needs of the actual engineering scenario; (In this embodiment, within a standard detection range of 1m, a transducer array 5 is arranged with 10 transducers 53, and the distance between adjacent transducers 53 is 10cm.) Horizontal Arrangement: After lowering different transducer arrays 5 to the target positions, attitude detection and calibration are performed using the calibration program built into the central control host 1. Furthermore, within different transducer arrays 5, the corresponding numbered transducers 53 must be on the same horizontal plane, and the horizontal error between transducers 53 must be controlled within a preset allowable range. If there is a horizontal deviation exceeding the allowable range, the attitude of each transducer array 5 is mutually calibrated using a software algorithm to meet the system's operational requirements.

[0038] Central Control Host 1: Its hardware adopts an industrial-grade embedded computer, a large-capacity storage device, and a touch screen display. It has multiple synchronous output ports and cable interfaces. Its software adopts a high-speed data aggregation and processing engine to manage the reception, storage, and database establishment of massive amounts of data, as well as a 3D imaging inversion algorithm database, and to generate 3D visualization models.

[0039] Among them, the central control host 1 preprocesses the data: after removing invalid values, normalizing, and extracting strong correlation features through box plots, it avoids overfitting by data augmentation and organizes the data into training batches; it constructs an end-to-end network of "feature extraction + inversion mapping", solidifies the trained inversion model, and configures the calling interface.

[0040] The central control host 1 has a built-in data processing module for filtering, noise reduction, and feature extraction of the returned collected data; the cable 3 is a shielded cable to reduce the impact of external electromagnetic interference on power supply stability, command transmission accuracy, and data return integrity, and also has good waterproof performance; the acoustic wave transmitter controller 2 communicates bidirectionally with the central control host 1. The acoustic wave transmitter controller 2 can transmit the pre-processed collected data back to the central control host 1, and can also receive mode switching commands and parameter adjustment commands issued by the central control host 1.

[0041] like Figure 4-5 As shown, this embodiment also provides a data acquisition method based on the above-mentioned pile foundation detection transducer array, including the following steps: S1. Array Deployment and System Initialization: Slowly lower each transducer array 5 to the corresponding position of the acoustic logging tube 4, connect it to the acoustic wave transmitting controller 2 and the central control host 1 through cable 3, and power on and start it up; send an initialization command to the acoustic wave transmitting controller 2 through cable 3; the acoustic wave transmitting controller 2 then performs channel self-test and impedance matching test on multiple transducers 53 of each connected transducer array 5, and each transducer 53 reports its status and ID to the central control host 1, completing the establishment and calibration of the communication link with all transducers 53, and confirming that all channels are working normally.

[0042] S2. Scan array generation: The central control host 1 calculates and generates a complete polling scan sequence containing the transmission timing and pairing logic according to the detection requirements, and sends the sequence parameters to the acoustic wave transmission controller 2. After parsing the instructions, the acoustic wave transmission controller 2 sequentially sets the designated transducer 53 as the transmission point source through the control module 51, and at the same time, the transducer 53 in the corresponding acoustic tube 4 enters the data acquisition standby state.

[0043] S3. Synchronous excitation and parallel acquisition: Each transducer 53 is triggered sequentially according to the generated scanning sequence to complete the acoustic signal excitation. The corresponding transducer 53 synchronously starts data acquisition and records the complete waveform data in real time.

[0044] S4. Data feedback and preprocessing: The transducer 53 sends the collected waveform data back to the central control host 1. The central control host 1 completes preprocessing operations such as data time synchronization calibration, format normalization and preliminary noise filtering.

[0045] S5. Precise screening of acoustic data: The validity of preprocessed acoustic data is determined, and invalid data such as interference and distortion are removed, while valid data that meets the detection accuracy requirements are retained.

[0046] S6. Generation of 3D Defect Visualization: Data is analyzed using a deep learning inversion algorithm in the internal database of the central control host 1 to generate a 3D visualized defect cloud map.

[0047] In S6, after real-time monitoring data is uploaded, the model is called to output a three-dimensional defect parameter field. Abnormal results are automatically alerted and manual review is supported. A spatial grid is constructed based on the parameter field, and parameters are bound to color levels, defect degree and transparency. An interactive three-dimensional defect cloud map is generated by rendering through the visualization engine.

[0048] In this embodiment, a test was conducted on a model pile containing an irregular defect with a diameter of 15cm. The test results are as follows: Imaging quality: The generated 3D point cloud map has clear edge contours, which not only accurately locates the depth of the defect, but also completely restores the morphological features and spatial distribution information of the defect. Quantitative analysis shows that the defect shape matches the image with over 95% accuracy. With this configuration, the amount of detection data is adapted to the system's processing requirements, the operation process is smooth with no redundant data accumulation, and the optimal balance between detection accuracy and system resource consumption is effectively achieved, taking into account both detection effect and operating efficiency.

[0049] Example 2 like Figure 1-3 As shown, this embodiment provides a pile foundation detection transducer array and data acquisition method. Its structure and acquisition method are basically the same as those in Embodiment 1, except that: Based on Example 1, this embodiment further increases the arrangement density of transducers 53. Within a standard detection range of 1m, a transducer array 5 arranges 15 transducers 53, and the spacing between adjacent transducers 53 is reduced to about 7cm.

[0050] The test results for this embodiment are as follows: A model pile containing an irregular defect with a diameter of 15cm was inspected. 1. Data volume surge: When performing full matrix scanning, the number of transducers 53 is 1.5 times that of Example 1, resulting in an exponential increase in the number of acoustic path combinations (the data volume is more than 4 times that of Example 1).

[0051] 2. Bottleneck issues: In step S3, completing the same 1m pile scan took three times longer. In the S4 data return stage, significant data queuing delays occurred due to the bandwidth limitation of cable 3.

[0052] 3. Imaging result comparison: Despite the extremely high sampling rate, the test found that for conventional pile foundation 6 concrete medium, the 7cm spacing is already smaller than the wavelength of the sound wave (the wavelength of a 40kHz sound wave in concrete is about 10cm), resulting in highly similar waveforms of the data collected from adjacent channels.

[0053] In summary, the final defect cloud map did not show a substantial improvement in accuracy compared to Example 1, but the system hardware cost increased by 150% and the detection time increased by 200%, resulting in a serious waste of computing resources and a decrease in construction efficiency. This proves that it is not advisable to increase the number of transducers 53 without limit.

[0054] Example 3 like Figure 1-3 As shown, this embodiment provides a pile foundation detection transducer array and data acquisition method. Its structure and acquisition method are basically the same as those in Embodiment 1, except that: To control costs, this embodiment reduces the number of transducers 53: within a 1m standard detection range, only 4 transducers 53 are deployed in a single transducer array 5, and the spacing between adjacent transducers 53 is correspondingly increased to 25cm.

[0055] Using a model pile containing an irregular defect with a diameter of 15cm as the test object, the test results of this embodiment are as follows: 1. Scanning efficiency: The scanning speed is significantly improved, and the amount of data collected is only about 16% of that in Example 1; 2. Defect detection failure: When detecting defects of the same specifications (15cm in diameter) as in Example 1, the system experienced a serious detection failure problem; 3. Risk of missed detection and misjudgment: Since the 25cm transducer 53 spacing is greater than the 15cm defect size, the acoustic rays can easily "cross" the defect area directly, and only a few rays may pass by the defect edge, resulting in missed defect detection or insufficient signal acquisition. 4. Defect morphology distortion: In the final generated 3D imaging results, the originally clear ellipsoidal cavity defect is stretched into a blurry, long strip of low wave velocity anomaly, or is misjudged as a large-scale slight segregation defect.

[0056] In summary: The insufficient number of transducers 53 resulted in sparse sampling points, which could not form enough intersecting acoustic rays. Consequently, it was impossible to reconstruct the complete geometric shape of the defect through the inversion algorithm, and ultimately it was impossible to accurately distinguish the defect type (void / separation) and define the specific boundary.

[0057] When the number of transducers 53 deployed is lower than a specific threshold (such as 10 per m as set in Example 1), the reliability of the pile foundation 6 test results cannot be guaranteed.

[0058] Comparative Example Comparison of Example 1 with the core principles of traditional acoustic tomography (CT): Traditional acoustic tomography (CT) is based on the propagation characteristics of elastic waves (sound waves) in a medium. It uses transmitting / receiving sensors placed on the surface of the object under test to collect parameters such as wave velocity, amplitude, and travel time. Then, it uses tomographic algorithms to invert the internal structure and defect distribution of the medium.

[0059] In Example 1, a scheme using high-density fixed array transducers 53 (10 transducers / m) in conjunction with electronic polling scanning technology is employed to achieve full-domain imaging through full-matrix data acquisition and inversion.

[0060] The comparison between Example 1 and traditional acoustic tomography (CT) is shown below:

[0061] In summary, traditional acoustic tomography (CT) has inherent drawbacks such as cumbersome operation, low efficiency, poor depth accuracy, easy distortion of defect detection, and insufficient data reliability, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale and accurate testing in engineering sites.

[0062] The present invention improves the defect reproduction accuracy and data reliability by combining array transducer 53 with electronic polling scanning technology, thus significantly enhancing its technical advantages and engineering application value.

[0063] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A transducer array for pile foundation testing, characterized in that, It includes three core components: a central control host (1), a sound wave emission controller (2), and a transducer array (5) arranged in a sonic logging tube (4); Each transducer array (5) consists of a control module (51), multiple transducers (53), and a pressure plate (55); the pressure plate (55) is attached to the top end face of multiple transducers (53); the control module (51) is electrically connected to the uppermost transducer (53) via a cable (3); multiple transducers (53) are covered with a waterproof outer casing (54), and a gravity traction head (52) is installed at the bottom of the waterproof outer casing (54); adjacent transducers (53) are connected in series via a cable (3); The transducers (53) in the transducer array (5) are arranged vertically, and the arrangement and fixing structure is a detachable snap-fit ​​fixing or a vertical base embedded fixing. Each control module (51) is connected in series with the acoustic wave emission controller (2) via cable (3). The acoustic wave emission controller (2) is used to control each transducer (53) to emit acoustic waves in sequence according to a preset rule, and at the same time control the corresponding transducer (53) in the acoustic tube (4) to receive acoustic wave signals and collect data. The central control host (1) is connected to the acoustic wave transmitter controller (2) via cable (3) to realize power supply, control command issuance and data transmission.

2. The pile foundation detection transducer array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching modes of the transducer (53) include a transmit mode and a receive mode, and the switching switch is used to switch the transducer (53) between the transmit mode and the receive mode.

3. The pile foundation detection transducer array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waterproof outer casing (54) is made of waterproof rubber.

4. The pile foundation detection transducer array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset rule is that each transducer (53) is triggered to emit sound waves in sequence according to the series connection order of the transducers (53); the emission time interval between two adjacent transducers (53) is 0.5ms-10ms.

5. A pile foundation detection transducer array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central control host (1) has a built-in data processing module for filtering, noise reduction and feature extraction of the returned collected data.

6. The pile foundation detection transducer array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cable (3) is a shielded cable, used to reduce the impact of external electromagnetic interference on power supply stability, command transmission accuracy and data return integrity, and has good waterproof performance.

7. A pile foundation detection transducer array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acoustic wave transmitter controller (2) and the central control host (1) communicate bidirectionally. The acoustic wave transmitter controller (2) can transmit the collected data back to the central control host (1) after preprocessing, and can also receive the mode switching command and parameter adjustment command issued by the central control host (1).

8. A data acquisition method based on the pile foundation detection transducer array of claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Array deployment and system initialization: Slowly lower each transducer array (5) to the corresponding position of the acoustic tube (4), connect it to the acoustic wave transmitter controller (2) and the central control host (1) through the cable (3), and power on and start it up; send an initialization command to the acoustic wave transmitter controller (2) through the cable (3); the acoustic wave transmitter controller (2) then performs channel self-test and impedance matching test on multiple transducers (53) of each connected transducer array (5), and each transducer (53) reports its status and ID to the central control host (1), completes the establishment and calibration of the communication link with all transducers (53), and confirms that all channels are working normally; S2, Scanning array generation: The central control host (1) calculates and generates a complete polling scan sequence containing the transmission timing and pairing logic according to the detection requirements, and sends the sequence parameters to the acoustic wave transmission controller (2); After the acoustic wave transmission controller (2) parses the instructions, it sequentially sets the designated transducer (53) as the transmission point source through the control module (51), and at the same time, the transducer (53) in the corresponding acoustic tube (4) enters the data acquisition standby state; S3. Synchronous excitation and parallel acquisition: Each transducer (53) is triggered sequentially according to the generated scanning sequence to complete the acoustic signal excitation. The corresponding transducer (53) synchronously starts data acquisition and records the complete waveform data in real time. S4. Data feedback and preprocessing: The transducer (53) sends the collected waveform data back to the central control host (1), and the central control host (1) completes preprocessing operations such as data time synchronization calibration, format normalization and preliminary noise filtering. S5. Precise screening of acoustic data: The validity of the pre-processed acoustic data is determined, and invalid data such as interference and distortion are removed, while valid data that meets the detection accuracy requirements are retained. S6. Generation of 3D Defect Visualization: Data is analyzed by deep learning inversion algorithm of internal database of central control host (1) and finally a 3D visualized defect cloud map is generated.

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