Turning finish machining chip breaking method based on numerical control lathe

Abstract

According to the turning finish machining chip breaking method based on the numerical control lathe, an intelligent numerical control system is combined with an LSTM technology recognition model and real-time sensing data to optimally control a tool to be periodically separated from a workpiece along a specific triangular track, stable chip breaking in the finish machining stage is achieved, and meanwhile the turning finish machining chip breaking method has the following advantages that chip breaking is controllable, and the machining precision is high. The surface quality is not influenced (for example, the Ra value is 0.932 when an aluminum piece is machined); hardware transformation is not needed, and the applicability is high; the cutting length can be controlled by adjusting parameters (such as L); and compared with oscillation chip breaking, the impact on a tool is small, and the service life is longer. Intelligent process adaptation: automatically identifying a processing condition based on an LSTM network, recommending an optimal parameter, and reducing an operation threshold; and real-time dynamic optimization: adjusting path parameters through sensing data feedback, and ensuring the balance between the chip breaking effect and the surface quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining technology, and in particular to a chip-breaking method, electronic device, and computer-readable storage medium for finishing turning based on a CNC lathe. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of CNC lathes in high-precision manufacturing, turning processes are continuously evolving towards high speed, high precision, and automation. The finishing stage is characterized by small machining allowances, low feed rates, and high surface quality requirements, placing even more stringent demands on chip control. The stability of the chip morphology not only directly affects the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the machined material but also relates to the continuity and automation of the machining process.

[0003] Currently, chip breaking techniques for roughing and semi-finishing stages are relatively mature. For example, optimizing the chip breaker groove structure of the tool, using high-pressure cooling chip breaking technology, or employing the oscillating chip breaking function of the CNC system can all effectively achieve chip breaking. The goal of finishing is to obtain good dimensional accuracy and excellent surface finish; however, the above-mentioned chip breaking methods have some significant drawbacks in finishing scenarios: Chip breaker technology: Conventional chip breaker designs are based on large depth of cut and feed. In finishing, a small cutting depth can easily cause the chip breaker function to fail. Furthermore, it lacks the ability to intelligently adjust parameters based on machining conditions and cannot dynamically match finishing requirements.

[0004] Oscillating chip breaking technology: The oscillating chip breaking technology uses the control of the tool to perform periodic reciprocating motion to forcibly break chips. This chip breaking technology inevitably leaves oscillating patterns on the workpiece surface, which has an adverse effect on the surface roughness (Ra). Moreover, without combining real-time sensor data for dynamic adjustment, it is difficult to balance the chip breaking effect and surface quality.

[0005] High-pressure cooling chip breaking technology requires modification of existing equipment and is costly. Furthermore, its chip breaking effect is unstable under specific operating conditions, resulting in poor economic efficiency. In addition, it lacks intelligent flow and pressure regulation mechanisms and cannot adaptively optimize cooling parameters based on chip conditions.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a chip breaking method suitable for CNC lathe finishing, which can achieve stable chip breaking under small depth of cut conditions, while taking into account surface quality, tool life and automation requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides the following technical solution: On the one hand, a chip-breaking method for finishing turning using a CNC lathe is provided. This method is implemented by electronic equipment and includes: Based on the LSTM network model, the machining process features are intelligently identified to determine the machining parameters, including finishing allowance P, triangle base length L, descending speed coefficient R, ascending speed coefficient H, machining direction E, retraction amount J, and overlap amount Q. The chip breaking function is activated by CNC commands, and the tool movement path is discretized into periodic triangular path units, each of which includes an ascending segment, a descending segment, and a retracting segment. The chip-breaking function is turned off by CNC commands, and the machine is restored to the normal machining mode.

[0008] Preferably, the intelligent identification of processing technology features based on the LSTM network model specifically includes: Collect machining process characteristic data, including material type, workpiece shape, and tool parameters; One-Hot encoding is applied to categorical features, and normalization is applied to numerical features; The processed feature vectors are input into the LSTM model, and the normalized processing parameters are output. The normalized parameters are decoded into actual processing parameters and recommended to the user.

[0009] Preferably, the geometric parameters of the triangular path unit satisfy the following relationship: The height of the triangle: h = P + J; End point of the ascending segment: ; End point of the descent segment: ; End point of the rewind segment: ; in, This is the starting position of the current segment. Let L be the direction vector of the current segment, and L be the length of the base. The vector is the incremental direction perpendicular to the current segment direction, h is the height of the triangle, and Q is the overlap.

[0010] Preferably, the activation of the chip-breaking function via CNC instructions specifically uses the G152.2 instruction, the format of which is: G152.2 P_J_Q_L_E_R_H_; Where P represents the finishing allowance, J represents the retraction amount, Q represents the overlap amount, L represents the length of the base of the triangle, E represents the tool offset direction, R represents the speed coefficient of the descending segment, and H represents the speed coefficient of the ascending segment.

[0011] Preferably, the parameter value range is: P > 0, J ≥ 0, 0 ≤ Q < L / 2, L > 0, 0 < R ≤ 10, 0 < H ≤ 10; E can be either E0 or E1, indicating that the tool is located on the left or right side of the path along the machining trajectory, respectively.

[0012] Preferably, the feed rates of the rising and falling sections satisfy: The rate of ascent is V1 = F × H; The descent speed V2 = F × R; where F is the programmed feed rate, and the spindle speed remains constant during the ascending and descending phases.

[0013] Preferably, the method further includes a real-time optimization step: Collect real-time sensor data on cutting force, vibration, and temperature; Dynamically adjust the triangle path parameters based on sensor data; When the cutting force exceeds the threshold, increase the amplitude and frequency of the triangular element; When the temperature exceeds the threshold, the frequency of the triangular unit is reduced.

[0014] Preferably, the overlap amount Q is in the range of [0, L / 2), which is used to connect adjacent triangular path units and avoid undercutting defects.

[0015] Preferably, when performing the chip breaking function, the system automatically verifies the validity of the parameters, and an alarm is triggered if the parameters exceed the limit range.

[0016] On the other hand, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a processor; and a memory storing computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by the processor, implement any of the methods described above for chip breaking in turning finishing based on a CNC lathe.

[0017] On the other hand, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein at least one instruction is stored therein, the at least one instruction being loaded and executed by a processor to implement any of the above-described methods for chip breaking in turning finishing based on a CNC lathe.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following: This invention optimizes the control of the cutting tool to periodically detach from the workpiece along a specific triangular trajectory by combining an intelligent numerical control system with an LSTM process recognition model and real-time sensor data, thereby achieving stable chip breaking during the finishing stage. It also offers the following advantages: Chip breaking is controllable and does not affect surface quality (e.g., Ra value is 0.932 when machining aluminum parts). No hardware modification required; highly applicable. The chip length can be controlled by adjusting parameters (such as L); Compared to oscillating chip breaking, it has less impact on the tool and a longer lifespan.

[0019] Intelligent process adaptation: Based on LSTM network, it automatically identifies processing conditions and recommends optimal parameters, reducing the operating threshold; Real-time dynamic optimization: Adjust path parameters based on sensor data feedback to ensure a balance between chip breaking effect and surface quality; Data accumulation: The system records processing parameters and effect data, supporting continuous iteration and upgrading of the process. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a triangular chip breaking path; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the chip-breaking action; Figure 3 Example machining dimension drawing; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the chip breaking process. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] In embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily," "for example," etc., are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" in the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present the concept in a concrete manner. Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or either one.

[0024] In the embodiments of this invention, the terms "image" and "picture" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction between them, their intended meanings are consistent. Similarly, the terms "of," "corresponding (relevant)," and "corresponding" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction between them, their intended meanings are consistent.

[0025] In this embodiment of the invention, sometimes a subscript such as W1 may be mistakenly written as a non-subscript form such as W1. When the difference is not emphasized, the meaning they express is the same.

[0026] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] This invention provides a chip-breaking method for finishing turning using a CNC lathe. This method can be implemented using electronic equipment, such as a terminal or a server. Figure 4 The flowchart shown is for a chip-breaking method in finishing turning using a CNC lathe. The process of this method may include the following steps: S1, based on the LSTM network model, intelligently identifies machining process features (such as material type, workpiece shape, tool parameters, etc.) and automatically recommends or manually adjusts machining parameters, including finishing allowance P, triangle base length L, descending speed coefficient R, ascending speed coefficient H, machining direction E, retraction amount J, and overlap amount Q. S2: After the cycle starts, the CNC system activates the chip breaking function via the G152.3 command, and optimizes the discretization accuracy of linear and circular interpolation by combining real-time sensor data (such as cutting force, vibration, temperature, etc.), discretizing the subsequent moving segments into periodic triangular path units. Each triangular path unit includes: Rising phase: The tool moves along the tangential and normal interpolation of the current machining path, causing the tool to briefly leave the workpiece surface; Descent phase: The tool moves along the tangential and normal directions to the workpiece surface; Retraction section: The tool moves along the tangential interpolation direction to complete the cutting; An overlap amount Q is set between adjacent path units to eliminate undercut regions; S3: The CNC system disables the triangular chip breaking function via the G152.3 command, achieving adaptive optimization of chip breaking effect and machining quality, and reverting to the normal machining mode.

[0028] In the above-described chip breaking method for CNC lathe finishing, the geometric parameters of the triangular path element in step S2 must satisfy the following: The height of the triangle: h = P + J; End point of the ascending segment: ; End point of the descent segment: ; End point of the rewind segment: ; in, This is the starting position of the current segment. Let L be the direction vector of the current segment, and L be the length of the base. The vector is the incremental direction perpendicular to the current segment direction, h is the height of the triangle, and Q is the overlap.

[0029] In the aforementioned tool movement trajectory for chip breaking in finishing, step S2 further includes: activating the chip breaking function via the G152.2 command, the command format of which is: G152.2 P_J_Q_L_E_R_H_ The specific parameter definitions are as follows: P represents the finishing allowance, in mm, and P > 0; J represents the retraction amount in mm, and J≥0, with the default value being 0; Q represents the overlap amount in mm, and 0 ≤ Q < L / 2, with a default value of 0. L represents the length of the base of the triangle, in mm, and L > 0; E represents the tool offset direction, where E0 indicates that the tool is located on the left side of the path along the machining trajectory, and E1 indicates that the tool is located on the right side of the path along the machining trajectory. R represents the feed rate coefficient of the descent segment of the triangle, and 0 < R ≤ 10. The default value is 1. The larger the value, the faster the descent speed. H represents the feed rate coefficient of the ascending segment of the triangle, and 0 < H ≤ 10. The default value is 1. The larger the value, the faster the ascending speed.

[0030] In the above-mentioned chip breaking method for finishing CNC lathes, the speeds of the rising and falling sections should meet the following requirements: The rate of ascent is V1 = F × H; The descent speed V2 = F × R; Where F is the programmed feed rate, and the spindle speed remains constant during the rising / falling phases.

[0031] In the above-mentioned chip breaking method for finishing CNC lathes, when executing the G152.2 command: The system automatically verifies the validity of the parameters described in S1. If the parameters entered exceed the limits, the system will automatically issue an alarm. Triangle path generation is synchronized with tool interpolation calculations to ensure machining continuity.

[0032] In the chip breaking method based on CNC lathe finishing, the value of the overlap Q must satisfy: Q∈[0,L / 2), which is used to connect adjacent triangular path units and avoid undercutting defects.

[0033] The implementation details and effects of the above-described solution will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides a chip-breaking method for finishing turning using a CNC lathe, comprising the following steps: S1, based on the LSTM network model, intelligently identifies machining process features (such as material type, workpiece shape, tool parameters, etc.) and automatically recommends or manually adjusts machining parameters, including finishing allowance P, triangle base length L, descending speed coefficient R, ascending speed coefficient H, machining direction E, retraction amount J, and overlap amount Q. The application process of the LSTM network model will be described in detail below.

[0035] I. Data Preparation and Preprocessing 1. Data Collection Collect a dataset that correlates process features (inputs) with processing parameters (outputs), as shown in Table 1 below (excerpt of 1000 samples):

[0036] Table 1 2. Data Preprocessing coding: Classification features (material type, workpiece shape, tool type, machining direction) are coded using One-Hot encoding: Material types: Aluminum alloy 6061 → [1,0,0], Stainless steel 304 → [0,1,0], Titanium alloy TC4 → [0,0,1]; Workpiece shape: Flat plate → [1,0,0], Cylinder → [0,1,0], Complex curved surface → [0,0,1]; Tool types: End mill → [1,0], Ball end mill → [0,1]; Machining direction: climb milling → [1], conventional milling → [0].

[0037] Numerical features (tool diameter, number of cutting edges) are kept at their original values ​​and then normalized.

[0038] Normalization: Min-Max normalization (machining to the [0,1] interval) is performed on the numerical features (tool diameter, number of cutting edges, machining parameters): Tool diameter (φ2-φ10): φ6mm → (6-2) / (10-2)=0.5; Number of blades (2-6): 4 blades → (4-2) / (6-2)=0.5; Finishing allowance P (0.05-0.2mm): 0.1mm → / =0.333.

[0039] Dataset partitioning: The training set (800 records), validation set (100 records), and test set (100 records) are divided in an 8:1:1 ratio.

[0040] II. LSTM Model Construction and Training 1. Model Structure Design You can refer to existing open-source LSTM models.

[0041] 2. Model Training Loss function: The regression parameters (P, L, R, H, J, Q) use MSE (mean squared error), the classification parameter (E) uses cross entropy, and the total loss is a weighted sum (regression weight 0.7, classification weight 0.3).

[0042] Optimizer: Adam (learning rate 0.001).

[0043] Training strategy: epochs=150, batch size=64, early stopping (stop if the validation set loss does not decrease for 10 consecutive epochs).

[0044] 3. Model Validation Validation set metrics: Regression parameter MAE (mean absolute error): P=0.012mm, L=0.25mm, R=0.03; Classification parameter E accuracy=94%.

[0045] Test set specifications: P=0.015mm, L=0.3mm, R=0.04; E accuracy=92% (meets industrial application requirements).

[0046] III. Intelligent Recognition Process of Process Features Taking a 6061 aluminum alloy flat workpiece and a φ6mm end mill (4-flute) as an example, the process is as follows: 1. Feature Input Automatic acquisition: Extract the workpiece shape (flat plate) from the CAD drawing, obtain the material type (aluminum alloy 6061) from the material system, and obtain the tool parameters (end mill, φ6mm, 4-flute) from the tool library.

[0047] Manual supplement: If automatic acquisition fails, the user can input the information through the interface (e.g., "Material type: Aluminum alloy 6061").

[0048] 2. Feature Preprocessing Coding: Material type → [1,0,0], Workpiece shape → [1,0,0], Tool type → [1,0].

[0049] Normalization: Tool diameter φ6mm → (6-2) / (10-2)=0.5, number of cutting edges 4 → (4-2) / (6-2)=0.5.

[0050] Input vector: [1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0.5,0.5] (10 dimensions in total).

[0051] 3. Model Reasoning The input vector is fed into the LSTM model, and the normalized processing parameters are output: [0.333(P), 0.5(L), 0.8(R), 0.5(H), 0.9(E), 0.667(J), 0.75(Q)].

[0052] 4. Parameter Decoding Convert the normalized value back to its actual unit: P: Normalized value × (maximum value - minimum value) + minimum value → 0.333 × (0.2 - 0.05) + 0.05 = 0.1 mm (range 0.05-0.2 mm); L: Normalized value × (maximum value - minimum value) + minimum value → 0.5 × (7 - 3) + 3 = 5 mm (range 3-7 mm); R: Normalized value × (maximum value - minimum value) + minimum value → 0.8 × (1 - 0.5) + 0.5 = 0.9 (range 0.5 - 1); E: Normalized value > 0.5 → climb milling (range 0 - 1); J: Normalized value × (maximum value - minimum value) + minimum value → 0.667 × (0.3 - 0.1) + 0.1 = 0.233 mm ≈ 0.23 mm (range 0.1 - 0.3 mm); Q: Normalized value × (maximum value - minimum value) + minimum value → 0.75 × (0.4 - 0.2) + 0.2 = 0.35 mm (range 0.2 - 0.4 mm); Therefore, the recommended processing parameters after decoding are: P=0.1mm (finishing allowance); L = 5mm (length of the base of the triangle); R=0.9 (velocity coefficient during descent, range 0.5-1); H: Normalized value × (maximum value - minimum value) + minimum value → 0.5 × (0.7 - 0.3) + 0.3 = 0.5 (speed coefficient of the ascending segment, range 0.3-0.7); E=0.9 (>0.5) → climb milling; J=0.667× +0.1 = 0.233mm ≈ 0.23mm; Q = 0.35 mm (overlap, range 0.2-0.4 mm); IV. Recommendations and Adjustments for Processing Parameters 1. Automatic Recommendation Recommended results display: The system will present the decoded parameters in the form of "recommended value + range" (e.g., "finishing allowance P: 0.1mm (recommended range 0.08-0.12mm)") for user reference.

[0053] Example is shown in Table 2 below: Recommended parameters for 6061 aluminum alloy flat workpieces:

[0054] Table 2 2. Manual adjustment Adjustment range: Users can modify within the recommended range (e.g., change P from 0.1mm to 0.09mm, because the surface roughness requirement of the workpiece is higher). If the range is exceeded, the reason must be filled in (e.g., "Q is changed to 0.35mm, because the tool wear is severe").

[0055] Adjustment record: The system saves the parameters and processing results before and after the adjustment (e.g., "On May 1, 2024, the user changed P from 0.1mm to 0.09mm, and Ra=0.7μm after processing (original Ra=0.8μm)") for model iteration.

[0056] V. Model Iterative Optimization Data collection: Collect 100 user adjustment records each month to supplement the training set (e.g., "For aluminum alloy 6061 flat workpieces, the user changed L from 5mm to 5.5mm, and the processing efficiency increased by 15%").

[0057] Retraining: The model is retrained quarterly with new data to optimize recommendation accuracy (e.g., the MAE of P decreases from 0.015mm to 0.01mm, and the MAE of L decreases from 0.3mm to 0.25mm).

[0058] Performance evaluation: Verify the iteration effect through A / B testing (e.g., the user adjustment rate of recommended parameters decreased from 30% to 15% after iteration).

[0059] After adopting this solution, the time for adjusting machining parameters can be reduced from 30 minutes / piece to 5 minutes / piece, the surface roughness compliance rate can be increased from 85% to 93%, and tool wear can be reduced by 12% (due to more reasonable parameter recommendations). For example, when machining a 304 stainless steel cylindrical workpiece, the model recommends the following parameters: P=0.15mm, L=7mm, R=0.7, H=0.6, E=climbing, J=0.25mm, Q=0.35mm. The user only needs to adjust Q to 0.33mm (because the tool diameter is slightly smaller), and after machining, Ra=0.9μm (meets the requirements), saving 20 minutes compared to manual adjustment.

[0060] S2: After the cycle starts, the CNC system activates the chip breaking function via the G152.3 command and optimizes the discretization accuracy of linear and circular interpolation by combining real-time sensor data (such as cutting force, vibration, temperature, etc.), discretizing the subsequent movement segment into periodic triangular path units. Specifically: The G152.3 command serves as the activation signal for the chip breaking function, triggering the chip breaking control module inside the CNC system; the module inputs real-time sensor data such as cutting force, vibration, and temperature into the adaptive interpolation optimization algorithm. The algorithm adjusts the discrete parameters (such as step size and offset) of linear / circular interpolation according to the cutting state (such as increased cutting force indicating chip thickness), superimposing periodic triangular wave offset on the original motion path, discretizing the subsequent movement segment into a composite path unit of "original path + small reciprocating triangle", disrupting chip continuity through small reciprocating motion.

[0061] Tear application process: After the cycle starts, the CNC system receives and executes the G152.3 command to activate the chip breaking function; The sensor collects data such as cutting force (range: 50-200N, sampling frequency 1kHz), vibration (range: 0-50μm, frequency 10-1000Hz), and temperature (range: 20-80℃) in real time and transmits them to the system processing unit. The processing unit analyzes data (e.g., if the cutting force exceeds 150N, it determines that the chip is too long; if the vibration exceeds 30μm, it indicates tool wear; if the temperature exceeds 60℃, it warns of thermal deformation) and outputs optimization instructions to the interpolation module. The interpolation module adjusts the discretization accuracy (e.g., when the cutting force exceeds 150N, the amplitude of the triangular element is increased from 0.05mm to 0.08mm, and the frequency is increased from 10Hz to 15Hz), and the subsequent straight / circular movement segments are discretized into periodic triangular path elements; The servo system drives the coordinate axes to move along the discrete path, realizing the composite machining of "main motion + micro reciprocating chip breaking motion"; Continuously collect sensor data and dynamically adjust the triangle path parameters (e.g., when the temperature exceeds 60℃, reduce the frequency of the triangle unit by 2Hz to reduce thermal deformation; when the vibration is below 10μm, appropriately reduce the amplitude to 0.04mm to optimize surface quality) to maintain a balance between chip breaking effect and machining accuracy.

[0062] Each triangular path unit includes: (1) Rising stage: The tool moves along the tangential and normal interpolation of the current machining trajectory, causing the tool to briefly leave the workpiece surface; (2) Descent phase: The tool moves to the workpiece surface along the tangential and normal directions for interpolation; (3) Retraction section: The tool moves along the tangential interpolation to complete the cutting; (4) Set an overlap amount Q between adjacent path units to eliminate undercut areas; Technical advantages: Precision chip breaking: The tiny reciprocating motion of the periodic triangular path forcibly cuts continuous chips, avoiding entanglement of the tool or workpiece; Adaptive optimization: Real-time sensor data feedback enables the chip breaking parameters to be dynamically adjusted according to the cutting state, adapting to changes in different materials, tools, and cutting parameters; Precision preservation: By optimizing the interpolation discretization accuracy, the slight offset of the triangular path unit does not affect the machining dimensional accuracy of the main motion; Efficiency improvement: No need to stop the machine to clean up chips, maintaining continuous processing and reducing auxiliary time; Tool protection: Reduces friction and wear between chips and tools, extending tool life.

[0063] S3: The CNC system disables the triangular chip breaking function via the G152.3 command, achieving adaptive optimization of chip breaking effect and machining quality, and reverting to the normal machining mode.

[0064] In the above-described chip breaking method for CNC lathe finishing, the geometric parameters of the triangular path element in step S2 must satisfy the following: The height of the triangle: h = P + J End point of the ascending segment: h End point of the descent segment: h End point of the rewind segment: Q in, This is the starting position of the current segment. Let L be the direction vector of the current segment, and L be the length of the base. The vector is the incremental direction perpendicular to the current segment direction, h is the height of the triangle, and Q is the overlap.

[0065] In the aforementioned tool movement trajectory for chip breaking in finishing, step S2 further includes: activating the chip breaking function via the G152.2 command, the command format of which is: G152.2 P_J_Q_L_E_R_H_ The specific parameter definitions are as follows: P represents the finishing allowance, in mm, and P > 0; J represents the retraction amount in mm, and J≥0, with the default value being 0; Q represents the overlap amount in mm, and 0 ≤ Q < L / 2, with a default value of 0. L represents the length of the base of the triangle, in mm, and L > 0; E represents the tool offset direction, where E0 indicates that the tool is located on the left side of the path along the machining trajectory, and E1 indicates that the tool is located on the right side of the path along the machining trajectory. R represents the feed rate coefficient of the descent segment of the triangle, and 0 < R ≤ 10. The default value is 1. The larger the value, the faster the descent speed. H represents the feed rate coefficient of the ascending segment of the triangle, and 0 < H ≤ 10. The default value is 1. The larger the value, the faster the ascending speed.

[0066] In the above-mentioned chip breaking method for finishing CNC lathes, the speeds of the rising and falling sections should meet the following requirements: The rate of ascent is V1 = F × H; The descent speed V2 = F × R; Where F is the programmed feed rate, and the spindle speed remains constant during the rising / falling phases.

[0067] In the above-mentioned chip breaking method for finishing CNC lathes, when executing the G152.2 command: The system automatically verifies the validity of the parameters described in S1. If the parameters entered exceed the limits, the system will automatically issue an alarm. Triangle path generation is synchronized with tool interpolation calculations to ensure machining continuity.

[0068] In the chip breaking method based on CNC lathe finishing, the value of the overlap Q must satisfy: Q∈[0,L / 2), which is used to connect adjacent triangular path units and avoid undercutting defects.

[0069] The steps for using chip breakers in finishing are as follows: like Figure 4 As shown, after the system starts in a loop, it automatically scans the running program. When the program reaches the G152.2 instruction, the chip breaking function is activated.

[0070] Command format: G152.2 P_J_Q_L_E_R_H_ G153.2 The meanings of each parameter are shown in Table 3 below: parameter meaning P Finishing allowance J Retraction amount Q The amount of overlap between two adjacent triangles L Length of the base of the triangle E Processing direction R velocity coefficient during descent H velocity coefficient of the ascending segment Table 3 The blank size in this implementation case is 50×90mm, and the workpiece dimensions are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the G-codes for triangular chip breaking machining of this workpiece are listed in Table 4 below: %0001 Program Name N1 T0101 ; Change to tool #1 and call tool #1 for compensation N2 G00 X80 Z80 ; to program start point N3 M03 S800 The spindle rotates forward at 800 r / min. N4 G01 X46 Z3 F100 ;to the starting position of the outer diameter circulation N5 G71 U1.5 R1 ; N6 G71 P7 Q16 U0.4 W0.1 Outer diameter roughing cycle N7 G01 X0 Z0 F500 ;Machining contour start point N8 G01 X10 C2 F100 Machining 2×45° chamfers N9 Z-20 Machining Ф10 outer diameter N10 G02 U10 W-5 R5 Machining R5 arc N11 G01 W-10 Machining Ф20 outer diameter N12 G03 U14 W-7 R7 Machining R7 arc N13 G01 Z-52 Machining Ф34 outer diameter N14 U10 W-10 Machining external cones N15 W-20 Machining Ф44 outer diameter N16 U1 N17 G152.2 P0.25 J0.25 L0.2 Q0.02 E1 R1.5 H1.5 Enable the triangular chip breaking function. N18 G70 P7 Q16 S1500 F200 ;finishing N19 G153.2 Disable the triangular chip breaking function. N20 G00 X100 ;Retract the knife N21 Z100 N22 M05 Spindle stop N23 M30 The main program ends and resets. Table 4 Analysis of the triangular chip breaking principle: Reason: The chip-breaking function is activated by executing the G152.3 command through the CNC system. Combined with real-time sensor data (cutting force, vibration, temperature, etc.), the discrete accuracy of linear / circular interpolation is dynamically optimized. A periodic triangular offset path is superimposed on the original finishing path, allowing the tool to briefly detach from the workpiece during continuous machining, creating a controllable chip-breaking point. This mechanism achieves chip breaking through a composite path unit of "original path + micro-reciprocating triangle": In path ①, the tool moves diagonally upward (briefly detaching from the workpiece to cut the chips); in path ②, it cuts into the workpiece to resume the main cutting; in path ③, it reverses the cutting to complete the triangular cycle. This repeated cycle can be segmented without interrupting machining. Simultaneously, the system adaptively adjusts the amplitude (increasing amplitude when the cutting force exceeds a threshold) and frequency (adjusting frequency when vibration is abnormal) of the triangular path based on sensor data. This ensures effective chip breaking while keeping the micro-offset within the allowable range of finishing accuracy, maintaining a surface roughness nearly identical to traditional cutting, thus achieving reliable chip breaking during the finishing stage.

[0071] It should be noted that the embodiments described herein are merely exemplary cases illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and their specific parameter configurations and implementation methods should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can perform the following operations without departing from the core inventive concept of the present invention: (1) make adaptive adjustments to the process parameters described in the embodiments; (2) add supplementary technical features that do not depart from the essence of the present invention; (3) replace the triangular path with other periodic paths (such as trapezoids, parabolas, etc.). All such variations and alternatives fall within the scope of protection defined in the claims.

[0072] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware (such as circuits), firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs are loaded or executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present invention are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more sets of available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium. A semiconductor medium can be a solid-state drive.

[0073] It should be understood that the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. A and B can be singular or plural. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates an "or" relationship between the preceding and following related objects, but it can also represent an "and / or" relationship. Please refer to the context for a more accurate understanding.

[0074] In this invention, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be a single item or multiple items.

[0075] It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present invention, the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0076] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0077] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the devices, apparatuses, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0078] In the several embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0079] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0080] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0081] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0082] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A chip-breaking method for finishing turning using a CNC lathe, characterized in that, The method includes: Based on the LSTM network model, the machining process features are intelligently identified to determine the machining parameters, including finishing allowance P, triangle base length L, descending speed coefficient R, ascending speed coefficient H, machining direction E, retraction amount J, and overlap amount Q. The chip breaking function is activated by CNC commands, and the tool movement path is discretized into periodic triangular path units, each of which includes an ascending segment, a descending segment, and a retracting segment. The chip-breaking function is turned off by CNC commands, and the machine is restored to the normal machining mode.

2. The chip-breaking method for finishing turning based on a CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent identification of processing technology features based on the LSTM network model specifically includes: Collect machining process characteristic data, including material type, workpiece shape, and tool parameters; One-Hot encoding is applied to categorical features, and normalization is applied to numerical features; The processed feature vectors are input into the LSTM model, and the normalized processing parameters are output. The normalized parameters are decoded into actual processing parameters and recommended to the user.

3. The chip-breaking method for finishing turning based on a CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The geometric parameters of the aforementioned triangular path element satisfy the following relationship: The height of the triangle: h = P + J; End point of the ascending segment: ; End point of the descent segment: ; End point of the rewind segment: ; in, This is the starting position of the current segment. Let L be the direction vector of the current segment, and L be the length of the base. The vector is the incremental direction perpendicular to the current segment direction, h is the height of the triangle, and Q is the overlap.

4. The chip-breaking method for finishing turning based on a CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chip-breaking function is activated via CNC instructions, specifically using the G152.2 instruction, the format of which is: G152.2 P_J_Q_L_E_R_H_; Where P represents the finishing allowance, J represents the retraction amount, Q represents the overlap amount, L represents the length of the base of the triangle, E represents the tool offset direction, R represents the speed coefficient of the descending segment, and H represents the speed coefficient of the ascending segment.

5. The chip-breaking method for finishing turning based on a CNC lathe according to claim 4, characterized in that, The range of values ​​for the parameter is: P > 0, J ≥ 0, 0 ≤ Q < L / 2, L > 0, 0 < R ≤ 10, 0 < H ≤ 10; E can be either E0 or E1, indicating that the tool is located on the left or right side of the path along the machining trajectory, respectively.

6. The chip-breaking method for finishing turning based on a CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed rates of the rising and falling sections satisfy: The rate of ascent is V1 = F × H; The descent speed V2 = F × R; where F is the programmed feed rate, and the spindle speed remains constant during the ascending and descending phases.

7. The chip-breaking method for finishing turning based on a CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes a real-time optimization step: Collect real-time sensor data on cutting force, vibration, and temperature; Dynamically adjust the triangle path parameters based on sensor data; When the cutting force exceeds the threshold, increase the amplitude and frequency of the triangular element; When the temperature exceeds the threshold, the frequency of the triangular unit is reduced.

8. The chip-breaking method for finishing turning based on a CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overlap amount Q ranges from [0, L / 2) and is used to connect adjacent triangular path units to avoid undercutting defects.

9. The chip-breaking method for finishing turning based on a CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, When performing the chip breaking function, the system automatically verifies the validity of the parameters, and an alarm is triggered if the parameters exceed the limit range.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: processor; A memory storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the processor, implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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