Sleeve cavity structure, pump box with sleeve cavity structure, liquid cooling radiator and liquid cooling cabinet

Abstract

A sleeve cavity structure comprises a first cavity, a covering area is arranged outside the first cavity, the covering area is covered with second fluid, the second fluid is arranged in the second cavity, and the pressure intensities of the inner side and the outer side of the covering area are different. According to the pump box and the liquid cooling radiator, a first cavity and a second cavity are communicated through a circulating pump and a flow resistor, so that the pressure intensity in the second cavity is smaller than the environment pressure intensity. An isolating layer is arranged on the outer side of a cabinet body, and the pressure intensity in the isolating layer is smaller than the environment pressure intensity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of liquid cooling technology for heat dissipation of electronic circuit equipment, including computer mainframes, power supplies, charging piles, etc., specifically to a cavity structure and a pump box, liquid cooling radiator, and liquid cooling cabinet having the same. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of technology, the power consumption of electronic devices such as computers and charging piles is gradually increasing, and their heat dissipation needs are becoming increasingly urgent. Currently, there are three main types of heat sinks on the market, but their effects are not ideal: 1. Passive heat sinks, which only have heat sinks and insufficient heat dissipation capacity; 2. Air-cooled heat sinks, which add fans to the heat sinks to enhance heat dissipation capacity, but also generate a lot of noise; 3. Liquid-cooled heat sinks. Currently, most liquid-cooled heat sinks on the market are positive pressure heat sinks, which means that the water pump pumps water to the liquid cooling head, and the liquid expands due to heat, causing the internal pressure of the liquid circuit, including the liquid cooling head, to be greater than the external atmospheric pressure. Once damaged, it will leak out. Since the liquid cooling head interface is currently inside the chassis, once it leaks, it can easily cause serious electrical damage.

[0003] Recently, a liquid cooling system with internal negative pressure has emerged, but it relies on external equipment such as vacuum pumps to create negative pressure, resulting in a bulky and complex structure that is not conducive to widespread use.

[0004] Currently, the immersion liquid cooling technology cannot avoid leakage and loss of fluorinated liquid, resulting in high costs. The evaporated fluorinated liquid also poses certain safety hazards to life. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned shortcomings, a cavity structure and its associated pump box, liquid cooler, and liquid cooler cabinet are proposed to solve the problems of leakage and resulting electrical faults when liquid cooling is used for equipment containing electronic circuits, as well as the problems of bulky size and complex structure of existing negative pressure liquid coolers.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A cavity structure is disclosed, comprising a second cavity, which is composed of a single dense material or formed by sealing multiple dense materials, the dense material including a polymer, metal, plastic, or colloid. An environmental fluid, including water or air, is located outside the second cavity and has an environmental pressure. A second cavity is provided within the second cavity, and a first cavity is provided within the second cavity. The first cavity is composed of a metallic or non-metallic material and has a first cavity. A first fluid with a first pressure is provided within the first cavity. A second fluid with a second pressure is provided between the second cavity and the first cavity. The second cavity partially or completely encloses the first cavity. The area outside the first cavity enclosed by the second cavity is a covered area. The second cavity isolates the second fluid from the environmental fluid. The first fluid, second fluid, and ambient fluid include gases or liquids. A first pressure difference exists between the first pressure on the inner side and the second pressure on the outer side of the same point within the coverage area of ​​the first cavity, or a second pressure difference exists between the second pressure on the inner side of the same point in the second cavity and the ambient pressure on the outer side, or a third pressure difference exists between the first pressure and the ambient pressure. The absolute value of the first or second pressure difference is greater than 2 kPa, and the absolute value of the third pressure difference is greater than or equal to 0. The first or second pressure difference is provided by a height difference, elastic potential energy, or an external pressure source. The height difference includes the height difference of the first fluid, the second fluid, or the ambient fluid. The elastic potential energy includes the elastic potential energy of the first or second cavity. The pressure source includes a high-pressure source or a vacuum source connected to the first fluid, the second fluid, or the ambient fluid. The first or second pressure difference is specifically as follows: When used to prevent the first fluid from leaking out of the first cavity after the cover area is damaged, the second pressure on the outer side of the damaged area is greater than the first pressure on the inner side. When used to prevent the second fluid from leaking out of the second cavity after it ruptures, the second pressure inside the rupture point of the second cavity is lower than the ambient pressure outside. When used to prevent the first fluid from leaking out of the second cavity after the coverage area is damaged, the second pressure outside the damaged area is greater than the first pressure inside the damaged area, or the second pressure inside the damaged area of ​​the second cavity is less than the ambient pressure outside the damaged area. When used to prevent the second fluid from leaking into the first cavity after the cover area is damaged, the second pressure on the outside of the damaged area is less than the first pressure on the inside. When used to prevent environmental fluid from leaking into the second cavity after the second cavity is damaged, the second pressure inside the damaged area of ​​the second cavity is greater than the environmental pressure outside. When used to prevent environmental fluid from leaking into the first cavity of the covered area through the second cavity after the second cavity is damaged, the second pressure on the outer side of the first cavity covered area is less than the first pressure on the inner side, or the second pressure on the inner side of the damaged part of the second cavity is greater than the environmental pressure on the outer side.

[0007] The cavity structure uses pressure difference to restrict the movement of the corresponding fluid when the cavity is damaged, control the fluid flow to a safe area, avoid secondary damage, and extend the maintenance window time.

[0008] The cavity structure can be used to prevent leaks of liquids or gases. It can prevent internal fluids from leaking outwards or external fluids from leaking into the cavity. It can also prevent the leakage of harmful substances or the environment from leaking into the cavity and affecting the purity of the internal fluids.

[0009] Preferably, the system includes a sensor that detects the first, second, or third pressure difference, or a physical quantity that indirectly reflects the first, second, or third pressure difference, and sends a signal. The physical quantity includes liquid level, refractive index, volume, or mass. By detecting the pressure difference, the system determines whether the cavity structure is damaged, and promptly sends a signal to remind maintenance in case of damage.

[0010] Preferably, the system includes a pressure control structure to adjust the first pressure difference, the second pressure difference, or the third pressure difference. The pressure control structure can be fixed or adjustable; the fixed type cannot be altered, while the adjustable type can be readjusted. The pressure control structure includes a flow resistance regulator, a volume regulator, a pressure control channel, or a pump power controller. The flow resistance regulator includes a pressure regulating valve, a ball valve, or a flow channel switching valve. The flow resistance regulator controls the degree of flow channel tortuosity, the flow channel length, the orifice diameter, or the size or number of slits. The volume regulator includes a variable volume cavity or an elastic cavity wall. The variable volume cavity includes an elastic wall disposed within or on the first cavity. The fluid may be an inelastic bladder, air bladder, or bubble, or an elastic bladder, air bladder, or bubble disposed within or on the second cavity. The elastic cavity wall is disposed on the first cavity or the second cavity. The elastic cavity wall includes a silicone or rubber film. The pressure control channel is disposed on the first cavity and connects the first fluid to the ambient fluid, or connects the first fluid to a pressure source. When the first pressure difference, the second pressure difference, or the third pressure difference does not meet a preset value, the pump power controller changes the operating power of the pump connected to the first cavity or the second cavity so that the first pressure difference, the second pressure difference, or the third pressure difference meets the preset value.

[0011] The pressure control structure further controls the first pressure difference, the second pressure difference, or the third pressure difference. By adjusting the flow resistance, the pump operating power, or the fluid mass ratio in each cavity, or by increasing the pressure inward or releasing the pressure outward, it ensures that a sufficient pressure difference is formed so that the fluid in the cavity flows in a controlled manner in a predetermined direction after the cavity is damaged.

[0012] A pump housing is disclosed, comprising the aforementioned cavity structure, including a pump, a flow resistor, a pump housing inlet, and a pump housing outlet. The pump includes a pump chamber, a pump inlet, and a pump outlet. The pump may be a positive displacement pump, an axial flow pump, or a centrifugal pump. The flow resistor includes a meandering flow channel, a grid, or a small hole, slit, channel, groove array, column array, filter, check valve, pressure regulating valve, or ball valve with a diameter smaller than that of the first cavity. The pump inlet communicates with either the first cavity or a second cavity. When the pump inlet is connected to the first cavity, the first cavity is connected to the flow resistor. The flow resistor is connected to the pump box inlet, and the pump outlet is connected to the second cavity, which in turn is connected to the pump box outlet. Alternatively, the flow resistor may be connected to a second cavity, the second cavity may be connected to the pump box inlet, and the pump box outlet may be connected to the pump outlet. When the pump outlet is connected to the first cavity, the first cavity is connected to the flow resistor. The flow resistor is connected to the pump box outlet, and the pump inlet is connected to the second cavity, which in turn is connected to the pump box inlet. Alternatively, the flow resistor can be connected to the second cavity, the second cavity can be connected to the pump box outlet, and the pump box inlet can be connected to the pump inlet.

[0013] The pump box can be easily connected to external equipment through the pump box inlet and pump box outlet to form a complete circulation loop. At the same time, it can generate a second pressure difference without the need for an additional vacuum source or high pressure source to prevent the leakage of environmental fluid into the inside or the leakage of internal fluid outward, thereby reducing the possibility of equipment damage, improving overall reliability, and having a simple structure and reducing costs.

[0014] A liquid-cooled radiator is disclosed, comprising a cavity structure as described above, including a circulating pump, a flow resistor, and a pressure control structure. The circulating pump includes a pump chamber, a pump inlet, and a pump outlet. The circulating pump may be a positive displacement pump, an axial flow pump, or a centrifugal pump. The flow resistor includes a flow resistance structure, which may include a meandering flow channel, a grid, or small holes, slits, channels, groove arrays, column arrays, filters, check valves, pressure regulating valves, or ball valves with apertures smaller than those of the first cavity. The pump outlet is connected to the first cavity, the first cavity is connected to the flow resistor, the flow resistor is connected to a second cavity, and the second cavity is connected to the pump inlet, forming a circulation loop isolated from the ambient fluid. The circulation loop contains a coolant, which is simultaneously the first fluid and the second fluid. The coolant may include water, fluorinated liquid, or mineral oil. When the circulating pump is operating stably and the coolant is circulating stably, the pressure control structure controls the pressure in the negative pressure section of the loop to be lower than the ambient pressure. The section from the flow resistor to the pump inlet along the coolant circulation direction constitutes the negative pressure section of the loop. When the flow resistor is not used as a cold head, it includes a cold head cover. The cold head cover is sealed to the surface to be cooled to form a cold head cavity, or the cold head cover is sealed to a heat-conducting block to form a cold head cavity. The heat-conducting block is in thermal contact with the surface to be cooled. The heat-conducting block is made of a thermally conductive material, including copper, aluminum, silver, or a phase-change heat pipe. The cold head cavity is provided inside the cold head cavity. The cold head cavity is in thermal contact with the heat-conducting block or the surface to be cooled. The cold head cavity is connected in series in the negative pressure section circuit. When the flow resistor is used as a cold head, the flow resistor includes a cold head cover, which is sealed to the surface to be cooled to form a cold head cavity, or the cold head cover is sealed to a heat-conducting block to form a cold head cavity. The heat-conducting block is in thermal contact with the surface to be cooled and is made of a thermally conductive material, including copper, aluminum, silver, or a phase change heat pipe. The cold head cavity is provided with a cold head cavity, which is in thermal contact with the heat-conducting block or the surface to be cooled. The middle part of the heat-conducting block or the middle part of the surface to be cooled, which faces the first cavity, is connected to the first cavity. A flow resistance structure is arranged around the middle part, and the outside of the flow resistance structure is connected to the second cavity.

[0015] After the circulating pump starts and the coolant circulation stabilizes, the inlet of the circulating pump is the lowest pressure point in the circulation loop. The pressure at other points in the circulation loop increases sequentially according to their respective flow resistances, reaching the highest pressure point at the outlet of the circulating pump. The pressure control structure ensures that the pressure at the outlet of the flow resistance structure is lower than the ambient pressure, so that the pressure in the entire circulation loop from the outlet of the flow resistance structure to the inlet of the circulating pump is lower than the ambient pressure; this section is designated as the negative pressure loop. The coolant flows from the first chamber to the middle of the cold head chamber. All the coolant passes through the flow resistance structure, and only after its pressure drops below the ambient pressure can it contact the joint between the cold head cover and the heat-conducting block, or the joint between the cold head cover and the surface to be cooled, thus preventing coolant leakage from the joints.

[0016] The liquid-cooled radiator uses the microchannels of the cold head as a flow resistance structure, further simplifying the structure and reducing the volume. At the same time, the seam at the bottom of the cold head is covered in a negative pressure zone. Even if the seam is damaged, the negative pressure can prevent the coolant from leaking out. When the pressure in the first cavity is higher than the ambient pressure, leakage is only possible if the middle of the cold head is damaged. In contrast, commonly used copper-bottomed cold heads rarely leak in the middle.

[0017] The aforementioned cold head structure without a heat-conducting block eliminates the need for a copper base, allowing the coolant to directly flush the surface to be cooled. This approach is well-suited for existing on-chip water cooling solutions. These solutions etch the flow resistance structure (coolant microchannels) onto the chip surface, allowing the cold head cover to be attached to the chip. Simultaneously, the seams sealing the chip and the cold head cover are filled with negative pressure coolant. Even if the seams are damaged, it will only cause outside air to be drawn into the heatsink's circulation loop, preventing coolant leakage and subsequent short circuits that could damage the chip.

[0018] Meanwhile, since the cooling pressure around the chip is lower than the ambient pressure, there is no force for the coolant to leak out, which reduces the sealing pressure between the cold head and the chip, further reducing the risk of chip use and thus reducing usage costs.

[0019] Preferably, it includes a de-evaporation structure, which includes a control valve, a lightweight covering layer, or the volume regulator. The control valve includes a check valve, a ball valve, a solenoid valve, or a pressure reducing valve, and is located on the pressure control channel. The lightweight covering layer includes floating oil, floating blocks, or a waterproof and breathable membrane. The density of the lightweight covering layer is less than that of the first fluid but greater than that of air. The lightweight covering layer is located on the liquid surface in the first cavity, with gas above the lightweight covering layer and coolant below it.

[0020] The floating oil includes liquid paraffin, silicone oil, or glycerin, and the floating block includes a wooden block or a plastic block, which is placed on the liquid surface in the first cavity to reduce the liquid surface area and reduce coolant evaporation.

[0021] The control valve can further control the pressure within the circulation loop. When used to reduce coolant evaporation and dissipation, it can raise the pressure in the first cavity above the coolant's saturated vapor pressure, thereby causing the evaporated coolant vapor to re-liquefy. When used to prevent cavitation in the circulation pump due to excessively low negative pressure at the pump inlet, it can increase the pressure in the first cavity, thus raising the pump inlet pressure above the coolant's saturated vapor pressure. The pressure control channel opens to release pressure after the circulation pump starts and closes afterward, ensuring the circulation loop maintains negative pressure even after the pump stops. These effects can be achieved simultaneously.

[0022] For example, when the circulation pump provides a pressure difference of 30 kPa during stable circulation, the pressure difference before and after the flow resistance structure is 20 kPa, the saturated vapor pressure of the coolant is 10 kPa, the circulation pump cavitation occurs when the inlet pressure of the circulation pump is less than -30 kPa, and the ambient pressure is 3 kPa, the pressure in the first cavity can be controlled to be about 10~20 kPa. At this time, the evaporated coolant vapor is easy to liquefy in the first cavity, and the pressure in the second cavity in contact with the environment is less than the ambient pressure, so the coolant will not leak out after the damage. The pressure at the inlet of the circulation pump is higher than the pressure at which cavitation occurs.

[0023] Preferably, when the second pressure is less than the ambient pressure, the resultant force generated by the overall pressure between the cold head cover and the heat-conducting block, or between the cold head cover and the surface to be cooled, is a suction force. By controlling the resultant force as a suction force, the possibility of the cold head cover separating from the heat-conducting block or the cold head cover from the surface to be cooled is reduced, further preventing coolant leakage at the edge of the cold head cover.

[0024] Preferably, the system includes a gas control structure to control the gas appearing in the circulation loop to concentrate in the first cavity along with the circulating coolant. The gas control structure includes an exhaust structure and a stagnation structure. The exhaust structure is located in the circulation loop outside the first cavity. The exhaust structure does not include a structure that can generate large bubbles. The large bubbles refer to one or more bubbles that can affect the circulation pump's pumping of coolant. The stagnation structure is located in the first cavity and is located in the first cavity to obstruct part or all of the bubbles in the first cavity from flowing out of the first cavity. The stagnation structure includes a first cavity outlet located below the liquid surface for the coolant to flow out of the first cavity, or a baffle or gas-liquid separator to reduce the coolant flow rate. The gas-liquid separator includes a static stratification type or a rotary centrifugal stratification type.

[0025] When the second chamber just begins to leak, air leaks into the circulation loop through the rupture. The leakage is likely to increase slowly. When the leakage is small, small air bubbles pass through the negative pressure section of the loop without stagnation (avoiding the accumulation of large bubbles, thus preventing the circulation pump from receiving excessive air bubbles and affecting coolant circulation). The small air bubbles enter the circulation pump, which continues to circulate the coolant. At this time, the air intake of the circulation pump produces noise, which can promptly alert the user to this abnormality, allowing for timely leak detection and maintenance, thereby preventing secondary disasters caused by coolant leakage. The small air bubbles, after entering the first chamber, remain there, which also reduces the total liquid level, slows down the coolant evaporation rate, and facilitates the exhaust of air from the pressure control channel rather than the discharge of coolant.

[0026] A liquid-cooled cabinet is disclosed, comprising the aforementioned cavity structure. A heat source to be cooled is disposed in the first cavity. The first fluid is a coolant that is in thermal contact with the heat source. The second fluid is a heat transfer fluid. The first cavity is provided with a heat transfer section, which is in thermal contact with the coolant and the heat transfer fluid, transferring heat from the coolant to the heat transfer fluid. The second cavity is connected to a vacuum source, or the second cavity is connected to a pump inlet, or the first cavity is connected to a high-pressure source, such that a first pressure on the inner side of the first cavity at the same point is greater than a second pressure on the outer side, and the second pressure is lower than or higher than the ambient pressure.

[0027] The first pressure on the inner side of the first cavity of the liquid cooler is greater than the second pressure on the outer side. When the first cavity is damaged, coolant flows out from the damaged area, preventing heat transfer fluid from flowing into it. Simultaneously, by placing the first cavity within the second cavity, the volume of the first cavity is reduced, thereby reducing coolant consumption and lowering costs. A heat transfer section is incorporated to transfer heat from the coolant to the heat transfer fluid, improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0028] When the second pressure is lower than the ambient pressure, the heat transfer fluid cannot leak out even after minor damage to the second cavity. Simultaneously, the negative pressure reduces the structural strength required for the second cavity, lowering costs and reducing weight. Furthermore, the negative pressure ensures the second cavity adheres tightly to the first cavity, improving the heat transfer efficiency of the heat transfer fluid to the first cavity or heat transfer components. Moreover, the negative pressure in the second cavity acts as an explosion-proof barrier for the first cavity, further reducing the possibility and extent of damage from its bursting.

[0029] Preferably, the second cavity includes a separator that separates the coolant and the heat transfer fluid by temperature or gravity. When the coolant escapes into the heat transfer fluid, it may separate into layers due to gravity or centrifugation, or due to different evaporation rates or boiling points, resulting in different evaporation ratios. This separation and collection of the coolant reduces coolant consumption and minimizes the health risks to users from inhaling the evaporating coolant.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are: By using a cavity structure, the circulation loop section, which is prone to leakage and hazard if damaged, is integrated into a circulation loop section that is less prone to leakage and hazard if damaged. This eliminates the need for additional safety mechanisms required in existing solutions while achieving similar safety guarantees, thereby optimizing the structure, reducing the failure rate, lowering costs, and improving reliability. Coolant evaporation is reduced by increasing pressure or decreasing the liquid surface area. Cold head bursting is prevented by setting the combined force of the cold head to suction. Excessive gas entering the circulation pump in a short period of time, affecting coolant circulation, is prevented by preventing bubble accumulation. A negative pressure shell is installed outside the liquid coolant tank immersed in the heat source to prevent secondary damage caused by leakage or bursting of the liquid coolant tank. A separator is used to reduce the consumption of the immersed coolant. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred cavity structure.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred pump box structure.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred pressure control structure.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred liquid-cooled radiator structure.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred liquid cooler structure.

[0036] Explanation of key figure labels: 1-First cavity, 11-First fluid, 12-Covering area, 2-Second cavity, 21-Second fluid, 3-Ambient fluid, 31-Coolant, 32-Heat transfer fluid, 4-Circulating pump, 51-Pump box inlet, 52-Pump box outlet, 6-Flow resistor, 61-Micro channel, 71-Pressure control channel, 72-Airbag, 73-Rubber cavity wall, 8-Heat-conducting block, 81-Heat source, 91-Liquid cooler inlet, 92-Liquid cooler outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings or embodiments can be obtained based on these drawings or embodiments without any creative effort. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] like Figure 1The diagram shows a preferred cavity structure. The first cavity 1 is partially or completely enclosed by the second cavity 2. The enclosed portion of the first cavity 1 is the coverage area 12. The first cavity 1 contains a first fluid 11, the second cavity 2 contains a second fluid 21, and the second cavity 2 is surrounded by an ambient fluid 3. By ensuring the pressure difference between the inner and outer sides of the damaged area after the coverage area 3 or the second cavity 2 is damaged, the flow direction of the first fluid 11, the second fluid 21, or the ambient fluid 3 at the damaged area is controlled, ultimately preventing derivative disasters. When the first pressure is higher than the second pressure, preferably, a high-pressure pump can be connected to the first cavity 1, or a vacuum pump can be connected to the second cavity 2. Alternatively, when the density of the second fluid 21 is higher than that of the ambient fluid 3, the first cavity 1 can be placed above the second cavity 2, and an outlet connected to the ambient fluid 3 can be provided below the second cavity 2, or a thin film can be embedded below the second cavity 2. When the first pressure is lower than the second pressure, the above method can be reversed. When controlling other pressure differences, similar solutions can be applied, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0039] like Figure 2 The diagram shows a preferred pump box structure. The circulating pump 4, the first chamber 1, and the flow resistor 6 are connected in series to form an internal flow channel. The first chamber 1 and the second chamber 2 are interconnected through the circulating pump 4 or the flow resistor 6. When the circulating pump 4 is not running, the first pressure is equal to the second pressure. After the pump box is filled with fluid and the circulating pump 4 starts and drives the fluid, when the outlet of the circulating pump 4 faces the first chamber 1, the first pressure increases and is greater than the second pressure. When the outlet of the circulating pump 4 faces the second chamber 2, the first pressure decreases and is less than the second pressure. The flow resistor 6 in the figure is a microchannel structure, which makes a significant pressure difference appear before and after the fluid flows through the flow resistor 6.

[0040] like Figure 3The diagram shows a preferred pressure control structure. The pressure control channel 71 passes through the second cavity 2, connecting the fluid in the first cavity 1 with the ambient fluid 3. After the pump box inlet 51 and pump box outlet 52 are connected to a flow resistance device or a closed loop, and the circulating pump 4 pushes the fluid in the pump box, the ambient fluid 3 enters the first cavity 1 through the pressure control channel 71. The fluid in the first cavity 1 is pumped into the second cavity 2 by the circulating pump 4, causing the second pressure to increase and the second pressure difference to increase. After the pump box inlet 51 and pump box outlet 52 are connected to a flow resistance device or a closed loop, the airbag 72 expands due to the decrease in the first pressure after the circulating pump 4 pumps the fluid from the first cavity 1 into the second cavity 2, causing the pressure in the second cavity 2 to increase and the second pressure difference to increase. The rubber cavity wall 73 is elastic. After the pump box inlet 51 and pump box outlet 52 are connected to a flow resistance device or a closed loop, it expands and is filled with fluid, causing it to expand with a contraction force, thus increasing the second pressure and the second pressure difference. After the pump box inlet 51 and pump box outlet 52 are connected to the flow resistance device or closed loop, and the circulating pump 4 pumps the fluid in the first chamber 1, the pump power controller increases the power of the circulating pump or the flow resistance regulator increases the flow resistance, thereby increasing the second pressure. The second pressure difference becomes larger, strengthening the control force on the flow direction of the second fluid after damage. The pressure control structure that controls the second pressure to be less than the ambient pressure is similar, but the circulating pump 4 needs to be installed in reverse, and the outlet of the circulating pump 4 is connected to the first chamber 1, which will not be described in detail here.

[0041] like Figure 4The diagram shows a preferred liquid-cooled radiator structure. The heat-conducting block 8 is connected to the first cavity 1 via a flow resistor 6. The heat-conducting block 8 is sealed to the second cavity 2, enclosing the first cavity 1, the circulation pump 4, and the flow resistor 6. Coolant 31 is contained within the first cavity 1 and the second cavity 2. The coolant 31 is pumped out by the circulation pump 4, enters the first cavity 1, and then flows into the flow resistor 6. The flow resistor 6 is formed by the first cavity 1 and the heat-conducting block 8 in close contact. The coolant 31 enters the second cavity 2 through microchannels 61 (in this embodiment, the microchannels 61 are etched on the heat-conducting block 8 to increase the heat exchange efficiency between the coolant 31 and the heat-conducting block 8; in other embodiments, the flow resistor structure can exist independently of the heat-conducting block) which serve as the flow resistor structure. Finally, it is drawn from the second cavity 2 into the circulation pump 4 to complete the circulation. When the liquid-cooled radiator is equipped with a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger can be connected in series between the flow resistor 6 and the first cavity 2. Between the two chambers 2 or between the second chamber 2 and the circulating pump 4, a pressure control channel 71 is provided on the first chamber 1 to connect the fluid in the first chamber 1 with the ambient fluid 3 (air). It preferentially connects the air in the first chamber 1. After the circulating pump 4 starts, if there are air bubbles or air pockets in the negative pressure section circuit, the coolant 31 in the first chamber 1 will increase, the liquid level will rise, and the air will be squeezed out. In this embodiment, the pressure control channel 71 is directly connected to the air in the first chamber 1 and the ambient fluid 3, so that the first pressure is equal to the ambient pressure and the second pressure is reduced, thus being less than the ambient pressure. At this time, even if there is a slight break in the joint between the heat-conducting block 8 and the second chamber 2 or a slight break in the second chamber 2 itself, the coolant 31 will not leak out. Only under the action of negative pressure, the ambient fluid 3 will enter the second chamber 2 from the broken part, thus achieving the effect of preventing the coolant 31 from leaking out of the liquid-cooled radiator.

[0042] In this embodiment, when the liquid cooler is in normal use, i.e., when the second cavity 2 is kept under negative pressure, only the part of the flow resistor 6 on the heat-conducting block 8 that is connected to the first cavity 1 is not protected by the negative pressure environment. If this part is damaged, the coolant 31 may leak out. However, the heat-conducting block 8 is generally made of a whole copper with a thickness of more than 1mm by CNC machining, and the heat-conducting plate 8 is rarely damaged. Most of the coolant 31 leakage occurs at the sealing ring position at the joint between the heat-conducting block 8 and the second cavity 2. In this embodiment, the coolant 31 inside the sealing ring is lower than the ambient pressure. Therefore, even if the sealing ring is damaged, the coolant 31 will not leak out.

[0043] In some embodiments, the pressure control channel 71 is provided with a control valve, such as a one-way valve, a pressure reducing valve, or a pressure relief valve for the one-way flow to the ambient fluid 3. When the circulation pump 4 is started, the first pressure increases so that the fluid in the first chamber 1 is discharged outward. When the circulation pump 4 is turned off, the first pressure decreases but the ambient fluid 3 cannot enter the first chamber 1, so that the liquid cooling radiator continues to maintain a negative pressure state after the pump is turned off.

[0044] In some embodiments, the heat-conducting block 8 can be replaced with a chip etched with microchannels. In this case, the second cavity can be sealed and attached to the chip by a fastener or soft adhesive, and the heat exchange efficiency can be significantly improved by direct contact of the chip with cold liquid.

[0045] In some embodiments, the liquid cooling radiator is composed of similar Figure 2 or Figure 3 The circulation pump 4, with its outlet facing the first cavity 1, can be connected in series with a cold head using existing technology. The cold head is connected in series at the pump box inlet 51 and the pump box outlet 52 to form a circulation loop. After the circulation pump 4 starts, the pressure at the pump box inlet 51 and the pump box outlet 52 is lower than the ambient pressure, so that the pressure inside the connected cold head is also lower than the ambient pressure. At this time, the pressure inside the entire liquid-cooled radiator in contact with the ambient fluid 3 is lower than the ambient pressure, thereby achieving complete leak protection.

[0046] In some embodiments, the liquid-cooled radiator is filled with coolant 31, and the first cavity 1 is provided with a compressible air bag. After the circulation pump 4 is started, it compresses the air bag to create a negative pressure in the second cavity, while filling it with coolant 31 so that there is no liquid surface, thereby greatly reducing the evaporation of coolant 31.

[0047] In some embodiments, the first cavity 1 is provided with a waterproof and breathable membrane. Above the waterproof and breathable membrane is an air communication pressure control channel 71, and below it is a coolant 31. The outlet of the first cavity is located below the waterproof and breathable membrane to prevent gas from participating in circulation, thereby reducing the liquid level and reducing evaporation.

[0048] In some embodiments, the first cavity 1 contains air, and a lightweight covering is provided below the air. The lightweight covering includes floating oil, foam blocks, or plastic blocks, thereby reducing the liquid level and reducing evaporation.

[0049] In some embodiments, the flow channels of the liquid-cooled radiator, except for the first cavity 1, are unobstructed, and the gas that appears during the normal circulation of the coolant 31 cannot stay or accumulate, thereby preventing the circulation pump 4 from entering excessive gas in a short time and affecting the circulation of the coolant 31.

[0050] In some embodiments, after the circulation pump 4 is started to circulate the coolant 31 normally, the pressure inside the first cavity 1 is higher than the saturated vapor pressure of the coolant 31, thereby promoting the liquefaction of the gaseous coolant 31 and reducing the consumption rate of the coolant 31.

[0051] In some embodiments, the outlet of the first cavity 1 connected to the flow resistor 6 is lower than the liquid level, so that the gas in the radiator is trapped in the first cavity 1 to prevent it from affecting the normal operation of the circulating pump.

[0052] In some embodiments, the thrust generated by a first pressure greater than or equal to the ambient pressure between the first cavity 1 and the heat-conducting block 8 is less than the suction force generated by a second pressure less than the ambient pressure between the second cavity and the heat-conducting block 8.

[0053] like Figure 5 The diagram shows a preferred liquid cooler structure. A heat source 81 is provided in the first cavity 1, and the heat source 81 is immersed in the coolant 31. A heat-conducting block 8 is provided on the first cavity 1. The first cavity 1 is located in the second cavity 2, and a heat transfer fluid 32 is provided in the second cavity 2. One side of the heat-conducting block 8 is in thermal contact with the coolant 31, and the other side is in thermal contact with the heat transfer fluid 32. The heat transfer fluid 32 circulates with external equipment through the liquid cooler inlet 91 and the liquid cooler outlet 92.

[0054] The liquid coolant inlet 91 and liquid coolant inlet 92 are connected to the pump box structure, or the second cavity 2 is connected to the vacuum pump, or the first cavity 1 is connected to the high-pressure pump, so that the first pressure is higher than the second pressure. When the first cavity 1 is damaged, the coolant 31 flows into the second cavity 2 through the damaged area, thereby preventing the heat transfer fluid 32 from flowing into the first cavity 1 and affecting the heat source 81. Increasing the first pressure helps to reduce the evaporation rate of the coolant 31. When the second pressure is lower than the ambient pressure, it can reduce the structural strength of the second cavity 2. At the same time, it can act as an additional safety barrier to reduce the risk in the event of a burst in the first cavity 1. Moreover, it can prevent the coolant 31 or the heat transfer fluid 32 from leaking outwards when the second cavity 2 is damaged.

[0055] In some embodiments, the liquid cooler inlet 91 and the liquid cooler outlet 92 can be interchanged.

[0056] In some embodiments, the second cavity 2 is connected to a separator. When the coolant 31 and the heat transfer fluid 32 have different densities, they can be separated by a separator that allows for static stratification or centrifugal stratification. When the coolant 31 and the heat transfer fluid 32 have different vaporization temperatures or solidification temperatures, they can be separated by a temperature-controlled separator. This allows for the recovery of dissipated coolant 31, thereby reducing costs and improving safety.

[0057] In some embodiments, the bottom of the second cavity 2 is provided with a pressure relief port connected to the ambient pressure, so that the bottom pressure is equal to the ambient pressure, thereby making the pressure of the upper part in contact with the first cavity 1 less than the first pressure or the ambient pressure.

[0058] After adopting the above scheme, a pressure difference appears on both sides of the covered area of ​​the cavity structure. This allows for control of the fluid flow direction on both sides of the damaged area after the covered area is breached, thereby reducing losses. Sensors are installed to detect leaks. A circulating pump connects the inner and outer cavities, simplifying the structure, improving reliability, and reducing volume. Direct contact between the coolant and the heat source improves heat exchange performance. A negative pressure state is created on the inner surface of the liquid-cooled radiator to prevent coolant leakage. Increasing the internal cavity pressure reduces coolant evaporation consumption.

[0059] The above description is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and is not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still make other modifications to the technical solution of the present invention or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features, or split or merge some of them. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cavity structure, characterized in that: The system includes a second cavity, which is composed of a single dense material or formed by sealing multiple dense materials. The dense material includes a polymer, metal, plastic, or colloid. An environmental fluid, including water or air, exists outside the second cavity and has an ambient pressure. A second cavity is provided within the second cavity, and a first cavity is provided within the second cavity. The first cavity is composed of a metallic or non-metallic material and has a first cavity. A first fluid with a first pressure is provided within the first cavity. A second fluid with a second pressure is provided between the second cavity and the first cavity. The second cavity partially or completely encloses the first cavity. The area outside the first cavity enclosed by the second cavity is a covered area. The second cavity isolates the second fluid from the ambient fluid. The second fluid and the environmental fluid include gas or liquid. A first pressure difference exists between the first pressure on the inner side and the second pressure on the outer side of the same point within the coverage area of ​​the first cavity, or a second pressure difference exists between the second pressure on the inner side of the same point in the second cavity and the environmental pressure on the outer side, or a third pressure difference exists between the first pressure and the environmental pressure. The absolute value of the first or second pressure difference is greater than 2 kPa, and the absolute value of the third pressure difference is greater than or equal to 0. The first or second pressure difference is provided by a height difference, elastic potential energy, or an external pressure source. The height difference includes the height difference of the first fluid, the second fluid, or the environmental fluid. The elastic potential energy includes the elastic potential energy of the first or second cavity. The pressure source includes a high-pressure source or a vacuum source connected to the first fluid, the second fluid, or the environmental fluid. The first or second pressure difference is specifically as follows. When used to prevent the first fluid from leaking out of the first cavity after the cover area is damaged, the second pressure on the outer side of the damaged area is greater than the first pressure on the inner side. When used to prevent the second fluid from leaking out of the second cavity after it ruptures, the second pressure inside the rupture point of the second cavity is lower than the ambient pressure outside. When used to prevent the first fluid from leaking out of the second cavity after the coverage area is damaged, the second pressure outside the damaged area is greater than the first pressure inside the damaged area, or the second pressure inside the damaged area of ​​the second cavity is less than the ambient pressure outside the damaged area. When used to prevent the second fluid from leaking into the first cavity after the cover area is damaged, the second pressure on the outside of the damaged area is less than the first pressure on the inside. When used to prevent environmental fluid from leaking into the second cavity after the second cavity is damaged, the second pressure inside the damaged area of ​​the second cavity is greater than the environmental pressure outside. When used to prevent environmental fluid from leaking into the first cavity of the covered area through the second cavity after the second cavity is damaged, the second pressure on the outer side of the first cavity covered area is less than the first pressure on the inner side, or the second pressure on the inner side of the damaged part of the second cavity is greater than the environmental pressure on the outer side.

2. The cavity structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system includes a sensor that detects the first pressure difference, the second pressure difference, or the third pressure difference, or a physical quantity that can indirectly reflect the first pressure difference, the second pressure difference, or the third pressure difference, and emits a signal.

3. The cavity structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system includes a pressure control structure to adjust the first, second, or third pressure difference. The pressure control structure can be fixed or adjustable; the fixed type cannot be altered, while the adjustable type can be readjusted. The pressure control structure includes a flow resistance regulator, a volume regulator, a pressure control channel, or a pump power controller. The flow resistance regulator includes a pressure regulating valve, a ball valve, or a flow channel switching valve. The flow resistance regulator controls the degree of flow channel tortuosity, flow channel length, or the size or number of orifices or slits. The volume regulator includes a variable volume cavity or an elastic cavity wall. The variable volume cavity includes elastic or non-elastic components disposed within or on the first cavity. An elastic bladder, air bladder, or bubble is disposed within or on the second cavity. The elastic cavity wall is disposed on the first cavity or the second cavity. The elastic cavity wall includes a silicone or rubber film. The pressure control channel is disposed on the first cavity and connects the first fluid to the ambient fluid, or connects the first fluid to a pressure source. The pump power controller changes the operating power of the pump connected to the first cavity or the second cavity to make the first pressure difference, the second pressure difference, or the third pressure difference meet the preset value when the first pressure difference, the second pressure difference, or the third pressure difference does not meet the preset value.

4. A pump box, characterized in that: A cavity structure as described in claim 1, 2, or 3 includes a pump, a flow resistor, a pump inlet, and a pump outlet. The pump includes a pump chamber, a pump inlet, and a pump outlet. The pump is a positive displacement pump, an axial flow pump, or a centrifugal pump. The flow resistor includes a meandering flow channel, a grid, or a small hole, slit, channel, groove array, column array, filter, check valve, pressure regulating valve, or ball valve with a diameter smaller than that of the first cavity. The pump inlet communicates with the first cavity or a second cavity. When the pump inlet is connected to the first cavity, the first cavity is connected to the flow resistor. The flow resistor is connected to the pump box inlet, and the pump outlet is connected to the second cavity, which in turn is connected to the pump box outlet. Alternatively, the flow resistor may be connected to a second cavity, the second cavity may be connected to the pump box inlet, and the pump box outlet may be connected to the pump outlet. When the pump outlet is connected to the first cavity, the first cavity is connected to the flow resistor. The flow resistor is connected to the pump box outlet, and the pump inlet is connected to the second cavity, which is connected to the pump box inlet. Alternatively, the flow resistor can be connected to the second cavity, the second cavity can be connected to the pump box outlet, and the pump box inlet can be connected to the pump inlet.

5. A liquid-cooled radiator, characterized in that: A cavity structure as described in claim 1, 2, or 3 includes a circulating pump and a flow resistor. The circulating pump includes a pump chamber, a pump inlet, and a pump outlet. The circulating pump is a positive displacement pump, an axial flow pump, or a centrifugal pump. The flow resistor includes a flow resistance structure, which includes a meandering flow channel, a grid, or a small hole, slit, channel, groove array, column array, filter, one-way valve, pressure regulating valve, or ball valve with a diameter smaller than that of the first cavity. The pump outlet is connected to the first cavity, the first cavity is connected to the flow resistor, the flow resistor is connected to a second cavity, and the second cavity is connected to the pump inlet, forming a circulation loop isolated from the ambient fluid. The circulation loop contains a coolant, which is simultaneously the first fluid and the second fluid. The coolant includes water, fluorinated liquid, or mineral oil. When the circulating pump is operating stably and the coolant is circulating stably, the pressure control structure controls the pressure in the negative pressure section of the loop to be lower than the ambient pressure. The section from the flow resistor to the pump inlet along the coolant circulation direction is the negative pressure section of the loop. When the flow resistor is not used as a cold head, it includes a cold head cover. The cold head cover is sealed to the surface to be cooled to form a cold head cavity, or the cold head cover is sealed to a heat-conducting block to form a cold head cavity. The heat-conducting block is in thermal contact with the surface to be cooled. The heat-conducting block is made of a thermally conductive material, including copper, aluminum, silver, or a phase-change heat pipe. The cold head cavity is provided inside the cold head cavity. The cold head cavity is in thermal contact with the heat-conducting block or the surface to be cooled. The cold head cavity is connected in series in the negative pressure section circuit. When the flow resistor is used as a cold head, the flow resistor includes a cold head cover, which is sealed to the surface to be cooled to form a cold head cavity, or the cold head cover is sealed to a heat-conducting block to form a cold head cavity. The heat-conducting block is in thermal contact with the surface to be cooled and is made of a thermally conductive material, including copper, aluminum, silver, or a phase change heat pipe. The cold head cavity is provided with a cold head cavity, which is in thermal contact with the heat-conducting block or the surface to be cooled. The middle part of the heat-conducting block or the middle part of the surface to be cooled, which faces the first cavity, is connected to the first cavity. A flow resistance structure is arranged around the middle part, and the outside of the flow resistance structure is connected to the second cavity.

6. A liquid-cooled radiator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The device includes a de-evaporation structure, which comprises a control valve, a lightweight covering layer, or the volume regulator. The control valve comprises a check valve, a ball valve, a solenoid valve, or a pressure reducing valve, and is located on the pressure control channel. The lightweight covering layer comprises floating oil, floating blocks, or a waterproof and breathable membrane. The density of the lightweight covering layer is less than that of the first fluid but greater than that of air. The lightweight covering layer is located on the liquid surface in the first cavity, with gas above the lightweight covering layer and coolant below it.

7. A liquid-cooled radiator according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the second pressure is less than the ambient pressure, the resultant force generated by the overall pressure between the cold head cover and the heat-conducting block or between the cold head cover and the surface to be cooled is the suction force.

8. A liquid-cooled radiator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The system includes a gas control structure to control the gas appearing in the circulation loop to be concentrated into a first cavity along with the circulating coolant. The gas control structure includes an exhaust structure and a stagnation structure. The exhaust structure is located in the circulation loop outside the first cavity. The exhaust structure does not include structures that can generate large bubbles. Large bubbles refer to one or more bubbles that can affect the pumping of coolant by the circulating pump. The stagnation structure is located in the first cavity and is located in the first cavity to prevent some or all of the bubbles in the first cavity from flowing out of the first cavity. The stagnation structure includes a first cavity outlet located below the liquid surface for the coolant to flow out of the first cavity, or a baffle or gas-liquid separator to reduce the flow rate of the coolant. The gas-liquid separator includes a static stratification type or a rotary centrifugal stratification type.

9. A liquid-cooled cabinet, characterized in that: The invention includes a cavity structure as described in claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein a heat source to be cooled is provided in the first cavity, the first fluid is a coolant in thermal contact with the heat source, the second fluid is a heat transfer fluid, the first cavity is provided with a heat transfer section, the heat transfer section is in thermal contact with the coolant, and the heat transfer section is in thermal contact with the heat transfer fluid, thereby transferring heat from the coolant to the heat transfer fluid, the second cavity is connected to a vacuum source or a pump inlet or a high-pressure source, such that the first pressure on the inner side of the first cavity at the same point is greater than the second pressure on the outer side, and the second pressure is lower than the ambient pressure or higher than the ambient pressure.

10. A liquid cooler according to claim 9, characterized in that: The second cavity includes a separator that separates the coolant and the heat transfer fluid by temperature or gravity.

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