Laminated solar cell module, method for improving photoelectric conversion efficiency of laminated solar cell module and application of laminated solar cell module

Abstract

The invention discloses a laminated solar cell module, a method for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the laminated solar cell module and application of the laminated solar cell module. The laminated solar cell module comprises a first cell used for absorbing first wave band light in incident light; the third battery is used for absorbing third wave band light formed from the first installation site, and the first battery and the third battery are sequentially arranged in a stacked mode; or the first battery is used for absorbing the first wave band light in the incident light; the fourth battery is used for absorbing fourth wave band light formed from the second installation site, the first battery and the fourth battery are sequentially stacked, and the third wave band light is different from the fourth wave band light. According to the laminated solar cell module provided by the invention, solar spectrum can be absorbed more sufficiently, incident light in the light incoming direction can be fully absorbed, reflected light can also be fully absorbed, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell module is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates in particular to a tandem solar cell module, a method for improving its photoelectric conversion efficiency, and its application, belonging to the field of solar cell technology. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most perovskite solar cell modules on the market adopt a double-glass structure design, as shown in the following diagram. Figure 1 As shown, the front glass is conductive glass with perovskite solar cell structures embedded on it, while the back glass is ordinary encapsulation glass protecting the perovskite solar cell structures. A film sealant is used to encapsulate the front and back glass. Although this cell structure can achieve high cell efficiency, it still has limitations in solar spectrum absorption. It cannot fully absorb the solar spectrum, and the degree of light absorption varies in different environments. Furthermore, the back glass of current double-glass perovskite solar cell modules is ordinary clear glass, which is not fully utilized and fails to further absorb the solar spectrum according to the intensity of reflected light wavelengths in different environments. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main objective of this invention is to provide a tandem solar cell module, a method for improving its photoelectric conversion efficiency, and its application, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention includes:

[0005] A first aspect of the present invention provides a tandem solar cell module for installation at a first mounting site or a second mounting site, comprising:

[0006] A first battery for absorbing a first wavelength of incident light; and a third battery for absorbing a third wavelength of light generated from the first installation site, the first battery and the third battery being stacked sequentially; or

[0007] A first battery for absorbing a first band of light in the incident light; and a fourth battery for absorbing a fourth band of light formed from the second installation site, wherein the first battery and the fourth battery are stacked sequentially.

[0008] Wherein, when the stacked solar cell module is installed at the first installation site, the stacked solar cell module includes the first cell and the third cell; when the stacked solar cell module is installed at the second installation site, the stacked solar cell module includes the first cell and the fourth cell; the third wavelength light is different from the fourth wavelength light and the first wavelength light.

[0009] Furthermore, the third battery and the fourth battery are detachably stacked with the first battery to selectively adapt to the first installation site or the second installation site.

[0010] In a typical implementation, the tandem solar cell module further includes:

[0011] The second battery is used to absorb the second wavelength of light in the incident light; wherein the first battery, the second battery, and the third battery are stacked sequentially, and the second wavelength of light is different from the third wavelength of light and the first wavelength of light; or

[0012] The second battery is used to absorb the second band of light in the incident light; wherein the first battery, the second battery and the fourth battery are stacked in sequence, and the second band of light is different from the fourth band of light and the first band of light.

[0013] In a typical implementation, the tandem solar cell module further includes:

[0014] A first light-incident surface is located on the side of the first cell away from the third cell; and a second light-incident surface is located on the side of the third cell away from the first cell; wherein the incident light enters the tandem solar cell module from the first light-incident surface, and the third-wavelength light enters the tandem solar cell module from the second light-incident surface; or

[0015] A first light-incident surface is located on the side of the first cell away from the fourth cell; and a second light-incident surface is located on the side of the third cell away from the first cell; wherein the incident light irradiates the tandem solar cell module from the first light-incident surface, and the fourth-band light irradiates the tandem solar cell module from the second light-incident surface.

[0016] Furthermore, the second battery is one of the following: perovskite thin-film battery, crystalline silicon solar cell, cadmium telluride thin-film battery, amorphous silicon thin-film battery, amorphous silicon-germanium thin-film battery, microcrystalline silicon thin-film battery, or microcrystalline silicon-germanium thin-film battery.

[0017] Furthermore, the first installation site is one of a grassland environment, a rock environment, a soil environment, a snow environment, a desert environment, or a crop environment, and the second installation site is another of a grassland environment, a rock environment, a soil environment, a snow environment, a desert environment, or a crop environment.

[0018] Specifically, the third wavelength of light corresponding to the grassland environment is 700nm~1100nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.13eV; the third wavelength of light corresponding to the rock environment is 600nm~1200nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.03eV; the third wavelength of light corresponding to the soil environment is 500nm~2500nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤0.496eV; the wavelength of the third wavelength of light corresponding to the snow environment is 0~700nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.77eV; the wavelength of the third wavelength of light corresponding to the desert environment is 300nm~800nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.55eV; and the wavelength of the third wavelength of light corresponding to the crop environment is 700nm~1000nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.24eV.

[0019] The fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the grassland environment is 700nm~1100nm, and the band gap of the fourth cell is ≤1.13eV; the fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the rock environment is 600nm~1200nm, and the band gap of the fourth cell is ≤1.03eV; the fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the soil environment is 500nm~2500nm, and the band gap of the fourth cell is ≤0.496eV; the wavelength of the fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the snow environment is 0~700nm, and the band gap of the fourth cell is ≤1.77eV; the wavelength of the fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the desert environment is 300nm~800nm, and the band gap of the fourth cell is ≤1.55eV; the wavelength of the fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the crop environment is 700nm~1000nm, and the band gap of the fourth cell is ≤1.24eV.

[0020] Furthermore, the first battery is a perovskite thin-film battery, the third battery is one of a perovskite thin-film battery, a cadmium telluride thin-film battery, an amorphous silicon thin-film battery, an amorphous silicon-germanium thin-film battery, a microcrystalline silicon thin-film battery, or a microcrystalline silicon-germanium thin-film battery, and the fourth battery is another of a perovskite thin-film battery, a cadmium telluride thin-film battery, an amorphous silicon thin-film battery, an amorphous silicon-germanium thin-film battery, a microcrystalline silicon thin-film battery, or a microcrystalline silicon-germanium thin-film battery.

[0021] In a typical implementation, the stacked solar cell module further includes: a first light-transmitting substrate and a second light-transmitting substrate, wherein the first cell and the third cell are stacked between the first light-transmitting substrate and the second light-transmitting substrate; or, the first cell and the fourth cell are stacked between the first light-transmitting substrate and the second light-transmitting substrate.

[0022] Furthermore, the band gap of the first battery is 1.48 eV to 1.92 eV, and the band gap of the third battery is 1.0 eV to 1.9 eV, or the band gap of the fourth battery is 1.0 eV to 1.9 eV; or, the band gap of the first battery is 1.48 eV to 1.92 eV, the band gap of the second battery is 1.1 eV to 1.2 eV, and the band gap of the third battery is 1.0 eV to 1.9 eV, or the band gap of the fourth battery is 1.0 eV to 1.9 eV.

[0023] A second aspect of the present invention provides a stacked solar cell module placed at a selected installation site, the stacked solar cell module comprising: a first cell and a third cell stacked in sequence;

[0024] The first battery is used to absorb the first wavelength of light in the incident light;

[0025] The third battery is used to absorb the third band of light generated at the installation site, which is different from the first band of light.

[0026] Furthermore, the third battery is detachably stacked with the first battery to selectively adapt to either the first installation site or the second installation site.

[0027] In a typical implementation, the tandem solar cell module further includes:

[0028] The second battery is used to absorb the second band of light in the incident light; wherein the first battery, the second battery and the third battery are stacked in sequence, and the second band of light is different from the third band of light and the first band of light.

[0029] In a typical implementation, the tandem solar cell module further includes:

[0030] The first light-incident surface is located on the side of the first cell away from the third cell; and

[0031] The second light-incident surface is located on the side of the third battery away from the first battery;

[0032] The incident light enters the stacked solar cell module from the first incident surface, and the third-band light enters the stacked solar cell module from the second incident surface.

[0033] Furthermore, the first battery is a perovskite thin-film battery, and the third battery is one of a perovskite thin-film battery, a cadmium telluride thin-film battery, an amorphous silicon thin-film battery, an amorphous silicon-germanium thin-film battery, a microcrystalline silicon thin-film battery, or a microcrystalline silicon-germanium thin-film battery.

[0034] Furthermore, the first installation site is one of a grassland environment, a rock environment, a soil environment, a snow environment, a desert environment, or a crop environment, and the second installation site is another of a grassland environment, a rock environment, a soil environment, a snow environment, a desert environment, or a crop environment.

[0035] Specifically, the third wavelength of light corresponding to the grassland environment is 700nm~1100nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.13eV; the third wavelength of light corresponding to the rock environment is 600nm~1200nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.03eV; the third wavelength of light corresponding to the soil environment is 500nm~2500nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤0.496eV; the wavelength of the third wavelength of light corresponding to the snow environment is 0~700nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.77eV; the wavelength of the third wavelength of light corresponding to the desert environment is 300nm~800nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.55eV; and the wavelength of the third wavelength of light corresponding to the crop environment is 700nm~1000nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.24eV.

[0036] In a typical implementation, the stacked solar cell module further includes a first light-transmitting substrate and a second light-transmitting substrate, wherein the first cell and the third cell are stacked between the first light-transmitting substrate and the second light-transmitting substrate.

[0037] Furthermore, the band gap of the first battery is 1.48 eV to 1.92 eV, and the band gap of the third battery is 1.0 eV to 1.9 eV; or

[0038] The band gap of the first battery is 1.48eV~1.92eV, the band gap of the second battery is 1.1eV~1.2eV, and the band gap of the third battery is 1.0eV~1.9eV.

[0039] A third aspect of this invention provides a method for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a tandem solar cell module, used in the tandem solar cell module, comprising the steps of:

[0040] The first battery is provided for absorbing the first wavelength light in the incident light;

[0041] The third battery is provided for absorbing the third band of light generated from the first installation site;

[0042] The fourth battery is provided for absorbing the fourth band light generated from the second installation site, the fourth band light being different from the third band light and the first band light;

[0043] The third battery is selected and stacked sequentially with the first battery to arrange the stacked solar cell module at the first installation site; and

[0044] The fourth battery is selected and stacked sequentially with the first battery to place the stacked solar cell module at the second installation site.

[0045] A fourth aspect of this invention provides a method for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a tandem solar cell module, used in the tandem solar cell module, comprising the steps of:

[0046] The first battery is provided for absorbing the first wavelength light in the incident light;

[0047] The third battery is provided for absorbing the third band light generated from the first installation site, the third band light being different from the first band light;

[0048] The third battery is selected and stacked sequentially with the first battery to place the stacked solar cell module at the first installation site.

[0049] A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a photovoltaic system comprising the aforementioned tandem solar cell module; or, using the aforementioned method for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the tandem solar cell module.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention include:

[0051] The present invention provides a tandem solar cell module that can select tandem cells of different wavelengths according to different installation sites to fully absorb reflected light from different sites, thereby improving the light absorption rate of the tandem solar cell module in different application sites and thus improving the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency of the tandem solar cell module.

[0052] The tandem solar cell module provided in this invention can fully absorb reflected light from the installation site by selecting the bottom cell that matches the environment of the installation site, thereby improving the light absorption rate of the tandem solar cell module in different application sites and thus improving the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency of the tandem solar cell module.

[0053] This invention provides a method for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of tandem solar cell modules. By employing a two-way selection mechanism between the installation site and the tandem solar cell module, it achieves full-scene reflectance spectrum adaptation. By switching between the third and fourth cells, it forms a dual-path absorption of incident light (including first and second band light) and third / fourth band light, thereby achieving full absorption of reflected light generated by the installation site. This improves the site adaptability of the tandem solar cell module, increases the light absorption rate of the incident spectrum in different application sites, and simultaneously improves its own photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0054] Another method for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of tandem solar cell modules provided by this invention achieves precise optimization of reflected light absorption for a single selected site, ensuring that the third band light does not overlap with the first / second band light in the incident light, forming complementary absorption, thereby improving the site adaptability of the tandem solar cell module, increasing the light absorption rate of the tandem solar cell module for the incident spectrum in different application sites, and at the same time, improving its own photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0055] The present invention provides a large-area, high-efficiency tandem solar cell module that can more fully absorb the solar spectrum, achieving not only full absorption of incident light directly incident in the incident direction, but also full absorption of reflected light, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the tandem solar cell module. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a perovskite solar cell double-glass module in the prior art;

[0057] Figure 2 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a triple-layer solar cell module provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a perovskite solar cell in a typical embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 4a , Figure 4b This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first battery / third battery in a typical embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 5a These are the absorption wavelength ranges corresponding to solar cells with different band gaps;

[0061] Figure 5b It refers to the reflectivity under different environments;

[0062] Figure 6a These are the reflectance curves of grassland and forest camouflage clothing to sunlight in different spectral bands;

[0063] Figure 6bThese are the reflectance curves of different leaves to sunlight in different spectral bands;

[0064] Figure 7a , Figure 7b These are the reflectance curves of sunlight for different sandy and rocky coverings in different spectral bands;

[0065] Figure 7c These are the reflectance curves of sunlight in different spectral bands for snowfields, wetlands, wheat fields, and desert environments;

[0066] Figure 8 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a triple-layer solar cell module provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the stacked structure of the first cell, the second cell, and the third cell in a triple-layer solar cell module provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 10 This is a flowchart of a method for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a tandem solar cell module provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of a method for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a tandem solar cell module provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0070] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the inventors of this invention, through long-term research and extensive practice, have proposed the technical solution of this invention. The following will further explain and illustrate the technical solution, its implementation process, and principles in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the perovskite thin-film batteries, cadmium telluride thin-film batteries, amorphous silicon thin-film batteries, amorphous silicon-germanium thin-film batteries, microcrystalline silicon thin-film batteries, microcrystalline silicon-germanium thin-film batteries, crystalline silicon solar cells, and battery encapsulation structures / processes such as transparent substrates and encapsulating films involved in the embodiments of this invention are all known in the art and are not specifically limited here.

[0071] Example 1

[0072] Please see Figure 2A tandem solar cell module (a typical example of a tandem photovoltaic module), such as a solar panel, includes a first cell 210 and a third cell 230, or a first cell 210 and a fourth cell 240, stacked sequentially. The tandem solar cell module containing the first cell 210 and the third cell 230 is adapted to a first installation site, and the tandem solar cell module containing the first cell 210 and the fourth cell 240 is adapted to a second installation site. The first cell 210 absorbs a first wavelength of incident light, the third cell 230 absorbs a third wavelength of light from the first installation site, and the fourth cell 240 absorbs a fourth wavelength of light from the second installation site. The third and fourth wavelengths of light are different. Through this design, cells capable of absorbing different wavelengths of light can be selected to form the tandem solar cell module according to different installation sites, thereby fully absorbing reflected light from different installation sites, improving the light absorption rate of the tandem solar cell module in different application sites, and thus improving the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency of the tandem solar cell module.

[0073] In this embodiment, to allow the tandem solar cell module to be selectively adapted to either a first or a second installation site, the third cell 230 / the fourth cell 240 is stacked with the first cell 210. Furthermore, to improve the utilization rate of incident light such as sunlight and enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the tandem solar cell module, this triple-layer solar cell module typically also includes a second cell 220. The second cell 220 is stacked between the first cell 210 and the third cell 230, or between the first cell 210 and the fourth cell 240. The second cell 220 is used to absorb the second wavelength of incident light, which is different from the first, third, and fourth wavelengths. That is, the tandem solar cell module can be a two-layer or a three-layer solar cell module. The following description will use a three-layer solar cell module as a preferred embodiment as an example to illustrate its specific structural composition.

[0074] Please see Figure 2A triplex solar cell module includes, from top to bottom, a first conductive glass 110, a first cell 210, a first encapsulating film 310, a second cell 220, a second encapsulating film 320, a third cell 230, and a second conductive glass 120 stacked sequentially. The first cell 210, the second cell 220, and the third cell 230 are encapsulated in pairs by the first encapsulating film 310 and the second encapsulating film 320. Along the incident / irradiation direction of incident light, the top layer of the triplex solar cell module is the first conductive glass 110, and the bottom layer is the second conductive glass 120. The first cell 210 is fixedly disposed on the back side of the first conductive glass 110, and the third cell 230 is fixedly disposed on the back side of the second conductive glass 120. Incident light enters the interior of the triplex solar cell module through the first conductive glass 110 and finally exits from the second conductive glass 120.

[0075] The first cell 210, as the top cell of the triple-layer solar cell module, is disposed along the incident light direction. It is mainly used to absorb the first wavelength of incident light to ensure the high efficiency of the triple-layer solar cell module. The second cell 220, as the middle cell, is mainly used to absorb the second wavelength of incident light. The second wavelength of light can pass through the first cell 210 to further enhance the absorption of incident light by the triple-layer solar cell module. The third cell 230, as the bottom cell, is mainly used to absorb the third wavelength of light generated by the first installation site. The band gap of the third cell 230 matches the wavelength of the third wavelength of light. The third wavelength of light is the illumination generated by the first installation site, which includes light reflected by the first installation site from the incident light and light reflected by the first installation site from the portion of the incident light that passes through the triple-layer solar cell module.

[0076] It should be noted that in the triple-layer solar cell module, the side of the first conductive glass 110 facing away from the first cell 210 serves as its own front side, and also as the front side and the first light-incident surface of the triple-layer solar cell module. The side of the second conductive glass 120 facing away from the third cell 230 serves as its own front side, and also as the back side and the light-emitting surface of the triple-layer solar cell module.

[0077] In this embodiment, the third battery 230 can also be disassembled and replaced with the fourth battery 240 to match the second installation site. The fourth battery 240 is mainly used to absorb the fourth band light formed by the second installation site. The band gap of the fourth battery 240 matches the wavelength of the fourth band light. When the triple-layer solar cell module includes the first battery 210, the second battery 220 and the fourth battery 240, the fourth band light enters the triple-layer solar cell module from the second light-incident surface. The fourth band light is the illumination formed by the second installation site.

[0078] Understandably, the third battery 230 and the fourth battery 240 can have the same battery structure and battery type. The main difference between the two lies in the different wavelengths of light absorption, which is mainly achieved based on the different band gaps or materials.

[0079] Please refer to it again. Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the first cell 210, the second cell 220, and the third cell 230 / fourth cell 240 in the triple-layer solar cell module do not involve voltage or current matching issues. The three cells are stacked in a physical stacking manner, and the specific stacking, bonding structure and method are not particularly limited.

[0080] Specifically, the structure of a triple-layer solar cell module will be explained in detail below, taking sunlight as the incident light as an example.

[0081] Specifically, the first conductive glass 110 and the second conductive glass 120 can be transparent conductive glass, which combines high light transmittance (allowing incident light to enter / exit the interior of the triplex solar cell module efficiently) and good conductivity (collecting and transmitting photocurrent).

[0082] As is known to those skilled in the art, the first conductive glass 110 may be indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) coated glass, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) coated glass, graphene / glass composite film, or silver nanowire / glass composite film, etc.

[0083] Specifically, the first cell 210, which serves as the top-layer cell, is a thin-film solar cell with a band gap of 1.48 Ev to 1.92 Ev, and can specifically be a perovskite thin-film cell.

[0084] For details, please refer to Figure 3Taking the first battery 210 as an example, which is a perovskite thin-film battery, the structure of the perovskite thin-film battery may include a glass substrate 211, a first electrode layer 212 (e.g., a TCO layer), a first transport layer 213, a perovskite absorber layer (PVSK) 214, a second transport layer 215, and a second electrode layer 216 stacked sequentially along the longitudinal direction. Among them, one of the first transport layer 213 and the second transport layer 215 is a hole transport layer (HTL), and the other is an electron transport layer (ETL). It should be noted that the first battery 210 can be a battery with an upright or inverted structure. That is, the perovskite thin film battery can be a glass substrate / first electrode layer / hole transport layer (HTL) / perovskite absorber layer (PVSK) / electron transport layer (ETL) / second electrode layer, or a glass substrate / first electrode layer / electron transport layer (ETL) / perovskite absorber layer (PVSK) / hole transport layer (HTL) / second electrode layer. The first electrode layer 212 and the second electrode layer 216 of the upright or inverted battery are transparent or semi-transparent electrode layers. The material of the transparent or semi-transparent electrode layer includes, but is not limited to, transparent conductive materials with equivalent functions such as FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), ITO (indium tin oxide), and IWO (tungsten-doped indium oxide). Sunlight (i.e., the aforementioned incident light, the same below) enters from one side of the glass substrate, passes through the first electrode layer 212 into the interior of the perovskite thin film battery, and finally exits from the second electrode layer 216 on the other side.

[0085] Specifically, the band gap of the perovskite thin-film solar cell (i.e., the band gap of the perovskite absorber layer in the perovskite / thin-film solar cell, hereinafter the same) is 1.48~1.92 eV, and the perovskite absorber layer includes, but is not limited to, MAPbI3 and MA x Cs 1-x PbI3, MA x FA y Cs 1-x-y PbI3, MA x FA 1-x PbI 3-a Br a MA x FA 1-x PbI 3-b Cl b MA x FA 1-x PbBr 3-c Cl c Where 0 < x, y < 1, 0 < a, b, c < 3, and the structural formula of MA is CH3NH3. + The structural formula of FA is CH(NH2)2 + It should be noted that the structure of this perovskite thin-film battery is known in the art, and other structural parameters will not be described in detail here.

[0086] Specifically, the first battery 210 can adopt an internal series structure known in the art, the specific structure of which is as follows: Figure 4a and Figure 4b As shown in the figure, Wp is the width of a single cell (i.e., a sub-cell). As is known to those skilled in the art, the internal series structure of the first cell 210 is obtained by processing a large-area thin-film cell.

[0087] Specifically, the internal series structure in this invention is the same as the conventional structure known in the art. This internal series structure is a set of scribe lines, and each set of scribe lines includes a first scribe line P1, a second scribe line P2, and a third scribe line P3 arranged sequentially and spaced apart in the transverse direction. Specifically, the first scribe line P1 includes a first scribe groove and a first filling structure disposed within the first scribe groove. The bottom of the first scribe groove is located on the upper surface of the glass substrate, and the groove opening is flush with the upper surface of the first electrode layer. The two ends of the first filling structure are in contact / connected to the first transport layer and the glass substrate, respectively. Typically, the first filling structure and the first transport layer are integrally formed. Specifically, the second scribe line P2 includes a second scribe groove and a second filling structure disposed within the second scribe groove. The bottom of the second scribe groove is located on the upper surface of the first electrode layer, and the groove opening is located on the upper surface of the photoelectric conversion structure layer. The two ends of the second filling structure are in contact / connected to the second electrode layer and the first electrode layer, respectively. Typically, the second filling structure and the second electrode layer are integrally formed. Specifically, the second filling structure is integrally formed with the transparent conductive oxide layer of the second electrode layer. Specifically, the third scribe line P3 includes a third scribe groove. The bottom of the third scribe groove is located on the upper surface of the first electrode layer, and the groove opening is flush with the upper surface of the second electrode layer. Adjacent sub-electrode layers are separated by the third scribe line P3 (specifically, the third scribe groove). It should be noted that in the vertical direction of the perovskite thin-film battery, the surface of any structural layer closer to the second electrode layer is the upper surface, and the surface closer to the first electrode layer is the lower surface.

[0088] Taking an inverted perovskite solar cell as an example, the first groove P1 is formed by etching the first electrode layer and filling the groove with HTL material. The second groove P2 is formed by etching the ETL layer, perovskite absorber layer, and HTL layer and filling the groove with transparent conductive oxide material. The second groove P2 connects the HTL layer and the second electrode layer, acting as a conductor in the cell structure. The third groove P3 is formed by etching the second electrode layer, ETL layer, perovskite absorber layer, and HTL layer. This process divides the large-area perovskite solar cell into m sub-cells connected in series. These sub-cells form a large-area solar panel through this internal series structure. During encapsulation, an encapsulating film is filled in the third groove. The encapsulating film is laminated to the glass substrate using other processes to isolate and protect each sub-cell.

[0089] It should be noted that the arrangement direction of the multiple sub-cells is consistent with the arrangement direction of the multiple internal series structures - scribe groups, and the three scribe lines in each scribe group. They are all arranged along the width direction of the large-area internal series perovskite solar cell module at the module level.

[0090] Specifically, the second cell 220 located in the middle layer is a crystalline silicon solar cell with a band gap of 1.1 Ev to 1.2 Ev. The second cell 220 can absorb sunlight that has passed through the first cell 210 but has not been absorbed, further enhancing the absorption of the solar spectrum by the triple-layer solar cell module.

[0091] For example, the second cell 220 includes, but is not limited to, various types of crystalline silicon solar cell structures such as HJT (Heterojunction Technology), TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact), BC (Back Contact), and PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell). It should be noted that the cell structures of crystalline silicon solar cells are known in the art; the above is only a brief description of their structures, and no specific limitations are made regarding their specific structures and parameters.

[0092] Specifically, the second battery 220 may include multiple crystalline silicon solar cells, which are connected in series to form a solar cell string array. Of course, such a structural design is known in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0093] Specifically, the third cell 230 or the fourth cell 240 is a thin-film solar cell with a band gap of 1.1 Ev to 1.9 Ev, which can be a perovskite solar cell, cadmium telluride solar cell, amorphous silicon solar cell, microcrystalline silicon solar cell, microcrystalline silicon germanium solar cell, copper zinc tin sulfur selenide solar cell, copper indium gallium selenide solar cell, etc. Specifically, when a perovskite solar cell is selected as the third cell 230 or the fourth cell 240, its structure can be the same as the structure of the first cell 210 described above, that is, the third cell 230 or the fourth cell 240 can also have the same internal series structure as the first cell 210, etc., which will not be elaborated further here. It should be noted that the glass substrate areas of the first cell 210, the third cell 230 or the fourth cell 240 are the same, and the middle second cell 220 is a cell string array, the array area of ​​which does not exceed the area of ​​the glass substrate of the first cell 210 / the third cell 230 or the fourth cell 240.

[0094] Specifically, the band gap of the third battery 230 or the fourth battery 240 is matched with the first installation site or the second installation site, wherein the first installation site is one of a grassland environment, a rock environment, a soil environment, a snow environment, a desert environment or a crop environment, and the second installation site is another of a grassland environment, a rock environment, a soil environment, a snow environment, a desert environment or a crop environment.

[0095] Specifically, the third wavelength of light corresponding to the grassland environment is 700nm~1100nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.13eV; the third wavelength of light corresponding to the rock environment is 600nm~1200nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.03eV; the third wavelength of light corresponding to the soil environment is 500nm~2500nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤0.496eV; the wavelength of the third wavelength of light corresponding to the snow environment is 0~700nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.77eV; the wavelength of the third wavelength of light corresponding to the desert environment is 300nm~800nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.55eV; and the wavelength of the third wavelength of light corresponding to the crop environment is 700nm~1000nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.24eV.

[0096] The fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the grassland environment is 700nm~1100nm, and the band gap of the fourth cell is ≤1.13eV; the fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the rock environment is 600nm~1200nm, and the band gap of the fourth cell is ≤1.03eV; the fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the soil environment is 500nm~2500nm, and the band gap of the fourth cell is ≤0.496eV; the wavelength of the fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the snow environment is 0~700nm, and the band gap of the fourth cell is ≤1.77eV; the wavelength of the fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the desert environment is 300nm~800nm, and the band gap of the fourth cell is ≤1.55eV; the wavelength of the fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the crop environment is 700nm~1000nm, and the band gap of the fourth cell is ≤1.24eV.

[0097] In this embodiment, the third cell 230 or the fourth cell 240 can be a perovskite solar cell with a band gap of 1.48~1.9eV, and its absorber layer structure includes, but is not limited to, MAPbI3 and MA. x Cs 1-x PbI3, MA x FA y Cs 1-x-y PbI3, MA x FA 1- x PbI 3-aBr a MA x FA 1-x PbI 3-b Cl b MA x FA 1-x PbBr 3-c Cl c x and y take values ​​from 0 to 1, and a, b, and c all take values ​​from 0 to 3 (the structural formula of MA is CH3NH3). + The structural formula of FA is CH(NH2)2 + For example, the third cell 230 or the fourth cell 240 can also be a perovskite solar cell with a bandgap of 1.1~1.5 eV, and its absorber layer structure includes, but is not limited to, MAPbI3, MA x Cs 1-x Pb 1-y Sn y I3, MA x FA y Cs 1-x-y Pb 1-z Sn z I3, x, y, z take values ​​from 0 to 1 (the structural formula of MA is CH3NH3) + The structural formula of FA is CH(NH2)2 + For example, the third cell 230 or the fourth cell 240 could also be a cadmium telluride cell with a bandgap of 1.4 eV to 1.5 eV, or an amorphous silicon cell with a bandgap of approximately 1.75 eV, or an amorphous silicon-germanium cell with a bandgap of 1.1 eV to 1.7 eV, or a microcrystalline silicon and microcrystalline silicon-germanium cell with a bandgap of approximately 1.1 eV, or a copper-zinc-tin-sulfur-selenium / copper-indium-gallium-selenium cell with a bandgap of 1.0 eV to 1.7 eV. The absorption wavelength ranges corresponding to solar cells with different bandgap are as follows: Figure 5a As shown.

[0098] Specifically, as is known in the art, different objects have different reflectivities of sunlight in different spectral bands. For example, grassland, rocky, soil, snowy, desert, or agricultural environments have different reflectivities in the same spectral band, and the same environment also has different reflectivities in different spectral bands. Reflectivities in different environments are as follows... Figure 5b As shown, the reflectivity value of the water surface is applied to a calm water surface, but it is difficult to evaluate the reflectivity of the water surface in a real environment because the water surface is always fluctuating, and the resulting waves reflect sunlight, and the waves enhance the reflection of sunlight. In the water surface reflection, r is the incident angle of the light.

[0099] Specifically, depending on the installation site of the triplex solar cell module and the intensity of the reflected wavelength, a third cell 230 or a fourth cell 240 matching the installation site is selected to fully absorb the reflected solar spectrum. Specifically, the triplex solar cell module is tested under standard operating conditions, with a spectral requirement of AM1.5. Because triplex solar cell modules absorb energy differently for different wavelengths of light, a spectrum mismatched with AM1.5 will microscopically affect the cell's absorption of light energy and power generation output.

[0100] like Figure 6a and Figure 6b As shown, grassy areas and areas with abundant leaves have a higher reflectivity in the 700nm~1100nm wavelength range. According to the formula Eg=1240 / λ, knowing the wavelength λ, the band gap of the absorbing material can be obtained: Eg=1240 / 700=1.77, 1240 / 1100=1.13. To ensure sufficient absorption of light around 1100nm, cells with a band gap ≤1.13Ev are preferred as the third cell (230) or fourth cell (240), such as narrow-bandgap lead-tin perovskite solar cells, amorphous silicon-germanium and microcrystalline silicon cells, and microcrystalline silicon and microcrystalline silicon-germanium cells. Considering the overall high-efficiency cell structure, narrow-bandgap lead-tin perovskite solar cells are preferred, such as MA... x Cs 1-x Pb 1-y Sn y I3, MA x FA y Cs 1-x-y Pb 1-z SnzI3 battery.

[0101] Under natural conditions, the reflectance of soil surface does not have obvious peaks and troughs. Generally speaking, the finer the soil, the higher the reflectance. The higher the organic matter and water content, the lower the reflectance. Soil type and fertility also affect soil reflectance. However, because its spectral curve is relatively smooth, the difference in soil brightness is not obvious in remote sensing images of different spectral bands.

[0102] like Figure 7a and Figure 7bAs shown, rocky ground surfaces also exhibit strong reflectivity for long-wavelength light (rock reflectivity curves lack uniform characteristics; mineral composition, mineral content, weathering degree, water content, particle size, surface smoothness, and color all have an impact. Light-colored and dark-colored minerals have a greater influence, with light-colored minerals exhibiting higher reflectivity and dark-colored minerals exhibiting lower reflectivity. Since rocks in nature are often covered by vegetation or soil, the reflectivity is also relevant). As mentioned earlier, cells with a bandgap ≤1.03 Ev can be selected as the third cell 230 or the fourth cell 240, such as narrow-bandgap lead-tin perovskite, amorphous silicon-germanium, and microcrystalline silicon / germanium cells. For overall high-efficiency cell structure considerations, narrow-bandgap lead-tin perovskite solar cells are preferred, such as MA... x Cs 1-x Pb 1-y Sn y I3, MA x FA y Cs 1-x-y Pb 1-z SnzI3 battery.

[0103] Please see Figure 7c For snow-covered surfaces, the reflectivity of light with wavelengths not exceeding 700 nm is relatively high. Using the formula Eg = 1240 / λ, knowing the wavelength λ, we can obtain the band gap of the required absorbing material: Eg = 1240 / 700 = 1.77. To maximize the absorption of light before 700 nm (i.e., wavelengths not exceeding 700 nm), a cell with a band gap ≤ 1.77 Ev can be preferentially selected as the third or fourth cell, such as a perovskite solar cell with a band gap of 1.48 eV~1.77 eV, specifically an absorber layer of MAPbI3 or MA. x Cs 1-x PbI3, MA x FA y Cs 1-x-y PbI3, MA x FA 1-x PbI 3-a Br a MA x FA 1-x PbI 3-b Cl b MA x FA 1-x PbBr 3- c Cl c For both perovskite solar cells and amorphous silicon solar cells, wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells are preferred if the overall high-efficiency cell structure is taken into consideration.

[0104] Please refer to it again. Figure 7cFor desert environments with abundant sand, the reflectivity of light in the 300nm~800nm ​​wavelength range is relatively high. Using the formula Eg=1240 / λ, knowing the wavelength λ, the band gap of the absorbing material can be calculated as Eg=1240 / 800=1.55, 1240 / 300=4.13. To maximize the absorption of light in the 300nm~800nm ​​range, cells with a band gap ≤1.55EV are preferentially selected as the third or fourth cell. For example, narrow band gap perovskite solar cells with a band gap of 1.1eV~1.5eV have absorption layer structures including, but not limited to, MAPbI3, MA... x Cs 1-x Pb 1-y SnyI3、MA x FA y Cs 1-x-y Pb 1-z Sn z I3, x, y, z take values ​​from 0 to 1 (the structural formula of MA is CH3NH3) + The structural formula of FA is CH(NH2)2 + Examples include cadmium telluride batteries with a bandgap of 1.4eV to 1.5eV, amorphous silicon-germanium batteries with a bandgap of 1.1eV to 1.55eV, microcrystalline silicon and microcrystalline silicon-germanium batteries with a bandgap of around 1.1eV, and copper-zinc-tin-sulfur-selenium / copper-indium-gallium-selenium batteries with a bandgap of 1.0eV to 1.55eV. If considering the overall high-efficiency battery structure, perovskite / cadmium telluride batteries with a narrow bandgap of 1.1eV to 1.5eV are preferred.

[0105] Please refer to it again. Figure 7c For ground surfaces used in environments with crops such as wheat, the reflectivity of light in the 700nm~1000nm wavelength range is relatively high. Using the formula Eg=1240 / λ, knowing the wavelength λ, the band gap of the absorbing material can be calculated as Eg=1240 / 1000=1.24, 1240 / 700=1.77. To maximize the absorption of light in the 700nm~1000nm wavelength range, cells with a band gap ≤1.24EV are preferred as the third or fourth cell, such as perovskite solar cells with narrow band gaps (1.1eV~1.24eV). Specifically, this could be perovskite solar cells with absorption layers of MAPbI3 or MA. x Cs 1-x Pb 1-y Sn y I3, MA x FA y Cs 1-x-y Pb 1-z Sn z I3, x, y, z take values ​​from 0 to 1 (the structural formula of MA is CH3NH3) + The structural formula of FA is CH(NH2)2 +The perovskite solar cells can also be amorphous silicon-germanium cells with a bandgap of 1.1 eV to 1.24 eV, microcrystalline silicon and microcrystalline silicon-germanium cells with a bandgap of around 1.1 eV, or copper-zinc-tin-sulfur-selenium / copper-indium-gallium-selenium cells with a bandgap of 1.0 eV to 1.24 eV. If considering the overall high-efficiency cell structure, narrow bandgap perovskite solar cells with a bandgap of 1.1 eV to 1.24 eV are preferred.

[0106] For other unmentioned ground reflection conditions, the band gaps of the third cell 230 and the fourth cell 240, as well as the cell structure / type, can be configured based on actual test results to efficiently utilize the solar spectrum.

[0107] To improve the adaptability of triple-layer solar cell modules to different installation sites and to enable them to absorb incident light such as sunlight in various installation sites, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of triple-layer solar cell modules, the third and fourth cells in this embodiment of the invention are designed to be detachable and replaceable (the specific detachment structure is not specifically limited here, but can be known in the art). By replacing the third or fourth cell with a selected bandgap (which matches the wavelength of the third band light generated at the installation site), it is possible to adapt to the third or fourth band light generated at different installation sites.

[0108] Specifically, the third battery 230 or the fourth battery 240 can be detachably connected to the second battery 220 using a method / structure known in the art. It is understood that the third battery 230 or the fourth battery 240 can also be detachably connected to the second conductive glass 120 using a method / structure known in the art; that is, the third battery 230 or the fourth battery 240 can be independently installed and removed, or the third battery 230 or the fourth battery 240 and the second conductive glass 120 can be fixedly formed as one unit, and the second conductive glass 120 can be installed, removed, and replaced together with the third battery 230 or the fourth battery 240.

[0109] Specifically, the third battery 230 or the fourth battery 240 can be connected to the second battery 220 by a mechanical fastening structure known in the art. For example, the mechanical fastening structure can be a snap-fit ​​assembly or a threaded connection assembly. As mentioned above, the mechanical fastening structure is only used to physically fasten the third battery 230 or the fourth battery 240 to the second battery 220.

[0110] Specifically, a positioning guide structure can also be fixedly provided on the second battery 220. This positioning guide structure is mainly used to realize the rapid positioning and assembly of the third battery 230 or the fourth battery 240. This positioning guide structure adopts a structure known in the art.

[0111] For example, the positioning guide structure can be a guide pin and pin hole mating structure. Specifically, cylindrical or tapered guide pins can be provided on the edge of the third battery 230 or the fourth battery 240, with matching pin holes opened on the mounting surface of the second battery 220. Positioning is achieved through the clearance fit between the pin and the hole (clearance ≤ 0.1mm). For example, using a carbide pin with a diameter of φ3mm and a pin hole with a tolerance of H7 can ensure a positioning accuracy of ±0.05mm, meeting the requirement of interlayer alignment deviation ≤ 0.5mm.

[0112] For example, the positioning guide structure can also be a guide rail and slider structure. Specifically, a parallel guide rail (such as a T-shaped or dovetail-shaped one) can be set on the lower surface of the second battery 220, and a slider can be installed on the upper surface of the third battery 230 or the fourth battery 240. The guide rail restricts the slider's degree of freedom of movement, achieving precise positioning in a linear direction. The guide rail can be made of anodized aluminum, and the slider can be made of polytetrafluoroethylene, which has both a low coefficient of friction and wear resistance, making it suitable for repeated insertion and removal requirements in detachable scenarios.

[0113] For example, the positioning guide structure can also be a positioning boss and groove structure. Specifically, rectangular or circular bosses (1mm~2mm high) can be set at the four corners of the third battery 230 or the fourth battery 240, and grooves with a depth slightly greater than the height of the bosses can be opened at the corresponding positions of the second battery 220. The single-sided gap between the bosses and the grooves is controlled at 0.05mm~0.1mm, and quick alignment is achieved through mechanical limiting. This structure requires no additional parts and is directly integrated into the battery frame, simplifying the assembly process.

[0114] For example, the positioning and guiding structure can also be a key and keyway structure. Specifically, a flat key (such as a 5mm wide and 3mm high A-type flat key) can be set along the long side of the third battery 230 or the fourth battery 240, and a keyway is machined on the packaging frame of the second battery 220. The interference fit between the key and the keyway (interference amount 0~0.02mm) restricts circumferential rotation, ensuring that the angular alignment deviation between battery layers is ≤0.5°. For example, the positioning and guiding structure can also be a guide post and guide sleeve structure. Specifically, 2~4 guide posts (diameter φ5mm, length 10mm) can be set on the central axis of the third battery 230 or the fourth battery 240, and a metal sleeve with a guide hole (hole tolerance H8) is installed at the corresponding position of the second battery 220. The guide post surface is chrome plated to reduce friction, and the guide sleeve has a built-in elastic washer to compensate for assembly errors, which is suitable for scenarios that require frequent replacement.

[0115] The positioning and guiding structures listed above are all mature solutions in the field of mechanical design. They can be selected and combined according to the size of the battery assembly (such as the form factor of a large-area thin-film battery) and the replacement frequency. The core objective is to achieve rapid alignment of the third battery with the second battery through mechanical limiting, ensuring reflected light absorption efficiency and electrical connection stability. The above positioning and guiding structures can achieve a positioning accuracy of ±0.1mm, ensuring that the alignment deviation between the replaced third battery 230 or fourth battery 240 and the second battery 220 is ≤0.5mm.

[0116] In some typical embodiments, a sealing ring or similar structure may be provided on the edge area of ​​the third battery 230 or the fourth battery 240. The sealing ring is made of butyl rubber or silicone rubber and is used to prevent moisture intrusion. It should be noted that the structure, material, and size parameters of the sealing ring are known in the art, and its assembly method with the third battery 230 or the fourth battery 240 can also be implemented in a manner known in the art, and is not limited here.

[0117] Example 2

[0118] Please see Figure 8 A tandem solar cell module (a typical example of a tandem photovoltaic module), such as a solar panel, includes a first cell 210 and a third cell 230 stacked sequentially. The first cell 210 absorbs a first wavelength of incident light, and the third cell 230 absorbs a third wavelength of light generated from a first installation site. The first and third wavelengths of light are different. This design allows for the selection of a third cell 230 that matches the environment of the first installation site as the bottom cell, maximizing the absorption of reflected light from the first installation site and improving the light absorption rate of the tandem solar cell module in different application environments, thereby enhancing the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency of the tandem solar cell module.

[0119] In this embodiment, to improve the utilization rate of incident light such as sunlight in the tandem solar cell module and enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the tandem photovoltaic cell module, the triple tandem solar cell module typically further includes a second cell 220. The second cell 220 is stacked between the first cell 210 and the third cell 230. The second cell 220 is used to absorb the second wavelength of light in the incident light. The second wavelength of light can pass through the first cell 210. The second wavelength of light is different from the first and third wavelengths of light. That is, the tandem solar cell module can be a two-layer or a three-layer solar cell module. The following will take the three-layer solar cell module as a preferred embodiment as an example to describe its specific structural composition.

[0120] Please see Figure 8A triplex solar cell module includes, from top to bottom, a first conductive glass 110, a first cell 210, a first encapsulating film 310, a second cell 220, a second encapsulating film 320, a third cell 230, and a second conductive glass 120 stacked sequentially. The first cell 210, the second cell 220, and the third cell 230 are encapsulated in pairs by the first encapsulating film 310 and the second encapsulating film 320. Along the incident / irradiation direction of incident light, the top layer of the triplex solar cell module is the first conductive glass 110, and the bottom layer is the second conductive glass 120. The first cell 210 is fixedly disposed on the back side of the first conductive glass 110, and the third cell 230 is fixedly disposed on the back side of the second conductive glass 120. Incident light enters the interior of the triplex solar cell module through the first conductive glass 110 and finally exits from the second conductive glass 120.

[0121] The first cell 210, as the top cell of the triple-layer solar cell module, is disposed along the incident light direction. It is mainly used to absorb the first wavelength of incident light to ensure the high efficiency of the triple-layer solar cell module. The second cell 220, as the middle cell, is mainly used to absorb the second wavelength of incident light. The second wavelength of light can pass through the first cell 210 to further enhance the absorption of incident light by the triple-layer solar cell module. The third cell 230, as the bottom cell, is mainly used to absorb the third wavelength of light generated by the first installation site. The band gap of the third cell 230 matches the wavelength of the third wavelength of light. The third wavelength of light is the illumination generated by the first installation site, which includes light reflected by the first installation site from the incident light and light reflected by the first installation site from the portion of the incident light that passes through the triple-layer solar cell module.

[0122] It should be noted that in the triple-layer solar cell module, the side of the first conductive glass 110 facing away from the first cell 210 serves as its own front side, and also as the front side and the first light-incident surface of the triple-layer solar cell module. The side of the second conductive glass 120 facing away from the third cell 230 serves as its own front side, and also as the back side and the light-emitting surface of the triple-layer solar cell module.

[0123] Please refer to the following: Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment, the first cell 210, the second cell 220, and the third cell 230 in the triple-layer solar cell module do not involve voltage or current matching issues. The three cells are stacked in a physical stacking manner, and the specific stacking, bonding structure, and method are not particularly limited.

[0124] Specifically, the structure of a triple-layer solar cell module will be explained in detail below, taking sunlight as the incident light as an example.

[0125] Specifically, the first conductive glass 110 and the second conductive glass 120 can be transparent conductive glass, which combines high light transmittance (allowing incident light to enter / exit the interior of the triplex solar cell module efficiently) and good conductivity (collecting and transmitting photocurrent).

[0126] As is known to those skilled in the art, the first conductive glass 110 may be indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) coated glass, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) coated glass, graphene / glass composite film, or silver nanowire / glass composite film, etc.

[0127] Specifically, the first cell 210, which serves as the top-layer cell, is a thin-film solar cell with a band gap of 1.48 Ev to 1.92 Ev. Specifically, it can be a perovskite thin-film cell. The structure of the perovskite thin-film cell can be the same as the cell structure in Example 1, and will not be described again here.

[0128] Specifically, the second cell 220 located in the middle layer is a crystalline silicon solar cell with a band gap of 1.1 Ev to 1.2 Ev. The second cell 220 can absorb sunlight that has passed through the first cell 210 but has not been absorbed, further enhancing the absorption of the solar spectrum by the triple-layer solar cell module.

[0129] For example, the second cell 220 includes, but is not limited to, various types of crystalline silicon solar cell structures such as HJT (Heterojunction Technology), TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact), BC (Back Contact), and PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell). It should be noted that the cell structures of crystalline silicon solar cells are known in the art; the above is only a brief description of their structures, and no specific limitations are made regarding their specific structures and parameters.

[0130] Specifically, the second battery 220 may include multiple crystalline silicon solar cells, which are connected in series to form a solar cell string array. Of course, such a structural design is known in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0131] Specifically, as the bottom cell of the triple-layer solar cell module, the third cell 230 is used to absorb the third-band light generated by the first installation site. The wavelength of the third-band light corresponds to the first installation site, and the band gap of the third cell 230 matches the wavelength of the third-band light.

[0132] Specifically, the third cell 230 is a thin-film solar cell with a band gap of 1.1 Ev to 1.9 Ev, which can be a perovskite solar cell, cadmium telluride solar cell, amorphous silicon solar cell, microcrystalline silicon solar cell, microcrystalline silicon germanium solar cell, copper zinc tin sulfur selenide solar cell, copper indium gallium selenide solar cell, etc.

[0133] Specifically, when a perovskite solar cell is selected as the third cell 230, its structure can be the same as that of the first cell 210 described above. That is, the third cell 230 can also have the same internal series structure as the first cell 210, etc., which will not be elaborated here. It should be noted that the glass substrate areas of the first cell 210 and the third cell 230 are the same, and the second cell 220 in the middle is a cell string array, the array area of ​​which does not exceed the area of ​​the glass substrate of the first cell 210 / third cell 230.

[0134] Specifically, the first installation site is one of a grassland environment, rock environment, soil environment, snow environment, desert environment or crop environment, and the second installation site is one of a grassland environment, rock environment, soil environment, snow environment, desert environment or crop environment.

[0135] Specifically, the third wavelength of light corresponding to the grassland environment is 700nm~1100nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.13eV; the third wavelength of light corresponding to the rock environment is 600nm~1200nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.03eV; the third wavelength of light corresponding to the soil environment is 500nm~2500nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤0.496eV; the wavelength of the third wavelength of light corresponding to the snow environment is 0~700nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.77eV; the wavelength of the third wavelength of light corresponding to the desert environment is 300nm~800nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.55eV; and the wavelength of the third wavelength of light corresponding to the crop environment is 700nm~1000nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.24eV.

[0136] The fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the grassland environment is 700nm~1100nm, and the band gap is ≤1.13eV; the fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the rock environment is 600nm~1200nm, and the band gap is ≤1.03eV; the fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the soil environment is 500nm~2500nm, and the band gap is ≤0.496eV; the wavelength of the fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the snow environment is 0~700nm, and the band gap is ≤1.77eV; the wavelength of the fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the desert environment is 300nm~800nm, and the band gap is ≤1.55eV; the wavelength of the fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the crop environment is 700nm~1000nm, and the band gap is ≤1.24eV.

[0137] For example, the third cell 230 can be a perovskite solar cell with a bandgap of 1.48~1.9 eV, and its absorber layer structure includes, but is not limited to, MAPbI3 and MA. x Cs 1-x PbI3, MA x FA y Cs 1-x-y PbI3, MA x FA 1-x PbI 3-a Br a MA x FA 1-x PbI 3-b Cl b MA x FA 1-x PbBr 3-c Cl c x and y take values ​​from 0 to 1, and a, b, and c all take values ​​from 0 to 3 (the structural formula of MA is CH3NH3). + The structural formula of FA is CH(NH2)2 + ).

[0138] For example, the third cell 230 can also be a perovskite solar cell with a bandgap of 1.1~1.5 eV, and its absorber layer structure includes, but is not limited to, MAPbI3, MA x Cs 1-x Pb 1-y Sn y I3, MA x FA y Cs 1-x-y Pb 1-z Sn z I3, x, y, z take values ​​from 0 to 1 (the structural formula of MA is CH3NH3) + The structural formula of FA is CH(NH2)2 + ).

[0139] For example, the third battery 230 can also be a cadmium telluride battery with a band gap of 1.4eV to 1.5eV, or an amorphous silicon battery with a band gap of about 1.75eV, or an amorphous silicon germanium battery with a band gap of 1.1eV to 1.7eV, or a microcrystalline silicon and microcrystalline silicon germanium battery with a band gap of about 1.1eV, or a copper zinc tin sulfur selenide / copper indium gallium selenide battery with a band gap of 1.0eV to 1.7eV.

[0140] Specifically, depending on the first installation site of the triplex solar cell module and the intensity of the reflected wavelength, a third cell 230 matching the first installation site is selected to fully absorb the reflected solar spectrum. Specifically, the triplex solar cell module is tested under standard operating conditions, with a spectral requirement of AM1.5. Because triplex solar cell modules absorb energy differently for different wavelengths of light, a spectrum mismatched with AM1.5 will microscopically affect the cell's absorption of light energy and power generation output.

[0141] To improve the adaptability of the triple-layer solar cell module to different first installation sites and to enable the triple-layer solar cell module to absorb incident light such as sunlight in various different first installation sites, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the triple-layer solar cell module, the third cell in this embodiment of the invention is configured to be detachable and replaceable. By replacing the third cell with one having a selected bandgap (which is matched with the wavelength of the third band light formed at the first installation site), it can be adapted to the third band light formed at different first installation sites.

[0142] Specifically, the third battery 230 and the second battery 220 can be connected by a detachable connection structure using methods / structures known in the art. It is understood that the third battery 230 and the second conductive glass 120 can also be connected by a detachable connection structure using methods / structures known in the art; that is, the third battery 230 can be independently assembled and disassembled, or the third battery 230 and the second conductive glass 120 can be fixedly formed as a single unit, and the second conductive glass 120 can be assembled, disassembled, and replaced together with the third battery 230. Specifically, the detachable structure and method of the third battery 230 can be referred to the structure and method in Embodiment 1.

[0143] Example 3

[0144] Please see Figure 10 A method for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a tandem solar cell module, used in the tandem solar cell module of Example 1, includes the following steps:

[0145] A first battery is provided, which is used to absorb the first wavelength of light in the incident light;

[0146] A third battery is provided, which is used to absorb third-band light generated from the first installation site;

[0147] A fourth battery is provided, which is used to absorb fourth-band light generated from the second installation site. The fourth-band light is different from the third-band light and the first-band light.

[0148] The third cell and the first cell are stacked sequentially to install the tandem solar cell module at the first installation site; and

[0149] The fourth cell is selected and stacked sequentially with the first cell to install the tandem solar cell module at the second installation site.

[0150] This embodiment achieves full-scene reflectance spectrum adaptation through a two-way selection mechanism between the installation site and the tandem solar cell module. By switching between the third and fourth cells, dual-path absorption of incident light (including the first and second bands) and the third / fourth band light is formed, which fully absorbs the reflected light generated by the installation site, improves the site adaptability of the tandem solar cell module, increases the light absorption rate of the incident spectrum in different application sites, and at the same time improves its own photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0151] Taking the triple-layer solar cell module comprising a first cell, a second cell, and a third or fourth cell as an example in Example 1, the specific application process based on this triple-layer solar cell module includes:

[0152] Provides the triple-layer solar cell module of Embodiment 1;

[0153] Determine the type of installation site and detect the wavelength of the third or fourth band of sunlight formed at the installation site. Specifically, the wavelength of the third or fourth band of light is λ1~λ2, where λ2>λ1.

[0154] A third or fourth cell with a matching bandgap is selected based on the third or fourth band light. Specifically, the bandgap of the selected third or fourth cell is ≤1240 / λ2.

[0155] Specifically, when the installation site is a grassland environment, the wavelength of the third or fourth band light is 700nm~1100nm, and a third or fourth cell with a band gap ≤1.13eV is selected to form a triple-layer solar cell module with the second and first cells; when the installation site is a rock environment, the corresponding wavelength of the third or fourth band light is 600nm~1200nm, and a third or fourth cell with a band gap ≤1.03eV is selected to form a triple-layer solar cell module with the second and first cells; when the installation site is a soil environment, the corresponding wavelength of the third or fourth band light is 500nm~2500nm, and a third or fourth cell with a band gap ≤0.496eV is selected. The first and second cells form a triple-layer solar cell module. When the installation site is in a snowy environment, the wavelength of the third band light is 0~700nm, and a third or fourth cell with a band gap ≤1.77eV is selected to form a triple-layer solar cell module with the second and first cells. When the installation site is in a desert environment, the wavelength of the third or fourth band light is 300nm~800nm, and a third cell with a band gap ≤1.55eV is selected. When the installation site is in a crop environment, the wavelength of the third or fourth band light is 700nm~1000nm, and a third or fourth cell with a band gap ≤1.24eV is selected to form a triple-layer solar cell module with the second and first cells. Specifically, a spectrometer can be used to detect the wavelengths of the third and fourth bands of sunlight at the installation site, and the detection wavelength accuracy can be set to ±10nm.

[0156] Example 4

[0157] Please see Figure 11 A method for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a tandem solar cell module, used in the tandem solar cell module of Example 2, includes the following steps:

[0158] A first battery is provided, which is used to absorb the first wavelength of light in the incident light;

[0159] A third battery is provided, which is used to absorb third-band light generated from the first installation site. The third-band light is different from the first-band light.

[0160] The third cell is selected and stacked sequentially with the first cell to install the tandem solar cell module at the first installation site.

[0161] This embodiment achieves precise optimization of reflected light absorption for a single selected site, ensuring that the third band light does not overlap with the first / second band light in the incident light, forming complementary absorption, improving the site adaptability of the tandem solar cell module, increasing the light absorption rate of the tandem solar cell module for the incident spectrum in different application sites, and at the same time, improving its own photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0162] Taking the triple-layer solar cell module comprising a first cell, a second cell, and a third cell in Example 2 as an example, the specific application process based on this triple-layer solar cell module includes:

[0163] Provides the triple-layer solar cell module of Embodiment 2;

[0164] Determine the type of installation site and detect the wavelength of the third band of sunlight formed at the installation site. Specifically, the wavelength of the third band of light is λ1~λ2, where λ2>λ1.

[0165] A third cell with a matching bandgap is selected based on the third band light; specifically, the bandgap of the third cell is ≤1240 / λ2.

[0166] Specifically, when the installation site is a grassland environment, the wavelength of the third band light is 700nm~1100nm, and a third cell with a band gap ≤1.13eV is selected to form a triple-layer solar cell module with the second and first cells. When the installation site is a rocky environment, the corresponding wavelength of the third band light is 600nm~1200nm, and a third cell with a band gap ≤1.03eV is selected to form a triple-layer solar cell module with the second and first cells. When the installation site is a soil environment, the corresponding wavelength of the third band light is 500nm~2500nm, and a third cell with a band gap ≤0.496eV is selected to form a triple-layer solar cell module with the second and first cells. The first and second cells form a tandem solar cell module. When the installation site is in a snowy environment, the wavelength of the third band of light is 0~700nm, and a third cell with a band gap ≤1.77eV is selected to form a tandem solar cell module with the second and first cells. When the installation site is in a desert environment, the wavelength of the third band of light is 300nm~800nm, and a third cell with a band gap ≤1.55eV is selected. When the installation site is in a crop environment, the wavelength of the third band of light is 700nm~1000nm, and a third cell with a band gap ≤1.24eV is selected to form a tandem solar cell module with the second and first cells. Specifically, a spectrometer can be used to detect the wavelength of the third band of sunlight at the installation site, and the detection wavelength accuracy can be set to ±10nm.

[0167] Specifically, in practical applications, this tri-layer solar cell module can be assembled with other auxiliary components to form a photovoltaic system. These other auxiliary components may include a mounting bracket for supporting the tri-layer solar cell module and a power conversion device electrically connected to the tri-layer solar cell module. The mounting bracket can be fixedly installed at the installation site. The tri-layer solar cell module is mounted on the mounting bracket, and the power conversion device is used to store electrical energy. The power conversion device can be mounted on the mounting bracket or placed directly on the ground at the installation site. Specifically, the mounting bracket can be a known and commercially available type, and the power conversion device is also known in the art and can be commercially available; its specific structure and product model are not limited here.

[0168] In a preferred embodiment, the mounting bracket allows for angle adjustment of the triple-layer solar cell module, enabling it to adapt to reflected light from different locations. Specifically, the angle of the mounting bracket can be dynamically adjusted according to the direction of reflected light at the selected installation site, with an adjustment accuracy of ±5°. For example, the energy storage module is a lithium-ion battery or a lead-acid battery with a capacity ≥1kWh.

[0169] It should be understood that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tandem solar cell module, for installation at a first installation site or a second installation site, characterized in that, include: The first battery is used to absorb the first wavelength of light in the incident light; And a third battery, the third battery being used to absorb third-band light generated from the first installation site, the first battery and the third battery being stacked sequentially; or The first battery is used to absorb the first wavelength of light in the incident light; And a fourth battery, which is used to absorb fourth-band light generated from the second installation site, wherein the first battery and the fourth battery are stacked in sequence. Wherein, when the stacked solar cell module is installed at the first installation site, the stacked solar cell module includes the first cell and the third cell; when the stacked solar cell module is installed at the second installation site, the stacked solar cell module includes the first cell and the fourth cell; the third wavelength light is different from the fourth wavelength light and the first wavelength light.

2. The tandem solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The third battery and the fourth battery are detachably stacked with the first battery to selectively adapt to the first installation site or the second installation site.

3. The tandem solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The second battery is used to absorb the second wavelength of light in the incident light; wherein the first battery, the second battery, and the third battery are stacked sequentially, and the second wavelength of light is different from the third wavelength of light and the first wavelength of light; or The second battery is used to absorb the second band of light in the incident light; wherein the first battery, the second battery and the fourth battery are stacked in sequence, and the second band of light is different from the fourth band of light and the first band of light.

4. The tandem solar cell module according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, Also includes: The first light-incident surface is located on the side of the first battery away from the third battery; And a second light-incident surface, located on the side of the third cell away from the first cell; wherein the incident light enters the tandem solar cell module from the first light-incident surface, and the third-wavelength light enters the tandem solar cell module from the second light-incident surface; or A first light-incident surface is located on the side of the first cell away from the fourth cell; and a second light-incident surface is located on the side of the third cell away from the first cell; wherein the incident light irradiates the tandem solar cell module from the first light-incident surface, and the fourth-band light irradiates the tandem solar cell module from the second light-incident surface.

5. The tandem solar cell module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second battery is one of the following: perovskite thin-film battery, crystalline silicon solar cell, cadmium telluride thin-film battery, amorphous silicon thin-film battery, amorphous silicon-germanium thin-film battery, microcrystalline silicon thin-film battery, or microcrystalline silicon-germanium thin-film battery.

6. The tandem solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first installation site is one of grassland environment, rock environment, soil environment, snow environment, desert environment or crop environment, and the second installation site is another of grassland environment, rock environment, soil environment, snow environment, desert environment or crop environment; Specifically, the third wavelength of light corresponding to the grassland environment is 700nm~1100nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.13eV; the third wavelength of light corresponding to the rock environment is 600nm~1200nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.03eV; the third wavelength of light corresponding to the soil environment is 500nm~2500nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤0.496eV; the wavelength of the third wavelength of light corresponding to the snow environment is 0~700nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.77eV; the wavelength of the third wavelength of light corresponding to the desert environment is 300nm~800nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.55eV; and the wavelength of the third wavelength of light corresponding to the crop environment is 700nm~1000nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.24eV. The fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the grassland environment is 700nm~1100nm, and the band gap of the fourth cell is ≤1.13eV; the fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the rock environment is 600nm~1200nm, and the band gap of the fourth cell is ≤1.03eV; the fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the soil environment is 500nm~2500nm, and the band gap of the fourth cell is ≤0.496eV; the wavelength of the fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the snow environment is 0~700nm, and the band gap of the fourth cell is ≤1.77eV; the wavelength of the fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the desert environment is 300nm~800nm, and the band gap of the fourth cell is ≤1.55eV; the wavelength of the fourth wavelength of light corresponding to the crop environment is 700nm~1000nm, and the band gap of the fourth cell is ≤1.24eV.

7. The tandem solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first battery is a perovskite thin-film battery, the third battery is one of a perovskite thin-film battery, a cadmium telluride thin-film battery, an amorphous silicon thin-film battery, an amorphous silicon-germanium thin-film battery, a microcrystalline silicon thin-film battery, or a microcrystalline silicon-germanium thin-film battery, and the fourth battery is another of a perovskite thin-film battery, a cadmium telluride thin-film battery, an amorphous silicon thin-film battery, an amorphous silicon-germanium thin-film battery, a microcrystalline silicon thin-film battery, or a microcrystalline silicon-germanium thin-film battery.

8. The tandem solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A first light-transmitting substrate and a second light-transmitting substrate, wherein the first battery and the third battery are stacked between the first light-transmitting substrate and the second light-transmitting substrate; or, the first battery and the fourth battery are stacked between the first light-transmitting substrate and the second light-transmitting substrate.

9. The tandem solar cell module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The band gap of the first battery is 1.48 eV to 1.92 eV, and the band gap of the third battery is 1.0 eV to 1.9 eV, or the band gap of the fourth battery is 1.0 eV to 1.9 eV; or, The band gap of the first battery is 1.48eV~1.92eV, the band gap of the second battery is 1.1eV~1.2eV, the band gap of the third battery is 1.0eV~1.9eV, or the band gap of the fourth battery is 1.0eV~1.9eV.

10. A tandem solar cell module, placed at a selected installation site, characterized in that, The stacked solar cell module includes: a first cell and a third cell stacked in sequence; The first battery is used to absorb the first wavelength of light in the incident light; The third battery is used to absorb the third band of light generated at the installation site, which is different from the first band of light.

11. The tandem solar cell module according to claim 10, characterized in that, The third battery is detachably stacked with the first battery to selectively adapt to either the first or the second installation site.

12. The tandem solar cell module according to claim 10, characterized in that, Also includes: The second battery is used to absorb the second band of light in the incident light; wherein the first battery, the second battery and the third battery are stacked in sequence, and the second band of light is different from the third band of light and the first band of light.

13. The tandem solar cell module according to claim 10, characterized in that, Also includes: The first light-incident surface is located on the side of the first battery away from the third battery; as well as The second light-incident surface is located on the side of the third battery away from the first battery; The incident light enters the stacked solar cell module from the first incident surface, and the third-band light enters the stacked solar cell module from the second incident surface.

14. The tandem solar cell module according to claim 10, characterized in that: The first battery is a perovskite thin-film battery, and the third battery is one of a perovskite thin-film battery, a cadmium telluride thin-film battery, an amorphous silicon thin-film battery, an amorphous silicon-germanium thin-film battery, a microcrystalline silicon thin-film battery, or a microcrystalline silicon-germanium thin-film battery.

15. The tandem solar cell module according to claim 11, characterized in that, The first installation site is one of grassland environment, rock environment, soil environment, snow environment, desert environment or crop environment, and the second installation site is another of grassland environment, rock environment, soil environment, snow environment, desert environment or crop environment; Specifically, the third wavelength of light corresponding to the grassland environment is 700nm~1100nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.13eV; the third wavelength of light corresponding to the rock environment is 600nm~1200nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.03eV; the third wavelength of light corresponding to the soil environment is 500nm~2500nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤0.496eV; the wavelength of the third wavelength of light corresponding to the snow environment is 0~700nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.77eV; the wavelength of the third wavelength of light corresponding to the desert environment is 300nm~800nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.55eV; and the wavelength of the third wavelength of light corresponding to the crop environment is 700nm~1000nm, and the band gap of the third cell is ≤1.24eV.

16. The tandem solar cell module according to claim 10, characterized in that, Also includes: A first light-transmitting substrate and a second light-transmitting substrate, wherein the first battery and the third battery are stacked between the first light-transmitting substrate and the second light-transmitting substrate.

17. The tandem solar cell module according to claim 12, characterized in that, The band gap of the first battery is 1.48 eV to 1.92 eV, and the band gap of the third battery is 1.0 eV to 1.9 eV; or, The band gap of the first battery is 1.48eV~1.92eV, the band gap of the second battery is 1.1eV~1.2eV, and the band gap of the third battery is 1.0eV~1.9eV.

18. A method for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a tandem solar cell module, used in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Including the following steps: The first battery is provided for absorbing the first wavelength light in the incident light; The third battery is provided for absorbing the third band of light generated from the first installation site; The fourth battery is provided for absorbing the fourth band light generated from the second installation site, the fourth band light being different from the third band light and the first band light; The third battery and the first battery are stacked sequentially to place the stacked solar cell module at the first installation site. as well as The fourth battery is selected and stacked sequentially with the first battery to place the stacked solar cell module at the second installation site.

19. A method for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a tandem solar cell module, used in any one of claims 10-17, characterized in that, Including the following steps: The first battery is provided for absorbing the first wavelength light in the incident light; The third battery is provided for absorbing the third band light generated from the first installation site, the third band light being different from the first band light; The third battery is selected and stacked sequentially with the first battery to place the stacked solar cell module at the first installation site.

20. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that, Includes the tandem solar cell module according to any one of claims 1-17; or, utilizes the method for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the tandem solar cell module according to any one of claims 18-19.

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