Method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving synchronization signal block in multi-beam based device-to-device communication

Abstract

An operation method of a first device (100) in a wireless communication system is presented. The method may comprise the steps of: receiving a first device-to-device synchronization signal block from a second device (200) based on a first beam; acquiring synchronization information based on the first device-to-device synchronization signal block; and transmitting a second device-to-device synchronization signal block including synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal received power related to the first device-to-device synchronization signal block being greater than or equal to a first threshold value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to wireless communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] 5G NR is the next-generation technology after LTE and a completely new type of mobile communication system with high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources from low frequency bands below 1 GHz to mid frequency bands from 1 GHz to 10 GHz and high frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] 6G (wireless communication) systems aim to: (i) extremely high data rates per device, (ii) an extremely large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) extremely low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) interconnected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of 6G systems can be summarized in four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and 6G systems can meet the requirements shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent examples of the requirements for 6G systems.

[0004] [Table 1] Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical solution

[0006] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a method that can be performed by a first device can be proposed. For example, the method may include: receiving a first inter-user equipment (UE) synchronization signal block from a second device based on a first beam; obtaining synchronization information based on the first inter-UE synchronization signal block; and transmitting a second inter-UE synchronization signal block including the synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal received power associated with the first inter-UE synchronization signal block being greater than or equal to a first threshold.

[0007] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a first apparatus may be proposed. For example, the first apparatus may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, these instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may enable the first apparatus to: receive a first inter-user equipment (UE) synchronization signal block from a second apparatus based on a first beam; obtain synchronization information based on the first UE synchronization signal block; and transmit a second inter-UE synchronization signal block including synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal received power greater than or equal to a first threshold, provided that the power received by the reference signal associated with the first UE synchronization signal block is greater than or equal to a first threshold.

[0008] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a processing apparatus suitable for controlling a first device can be proposed. For example, the first device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, these instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: receive a first inter-user equipment (UE) synchronization signal block from a second device based on a first beam; obtain synchronization information based on the first UE synchronization signal block; and transmit a second inter-UE synchronization signal block including synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal received power greater than or equal to a first threshold associated with the first UE synchronization signal block.

[0009] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. For example, these instructions, when executed, can cause a first device to: receive a first inter-user equipment (UE) synchronization signal block from a second device based on a first beam; obtain synchronization information based on the first inter-UE synchronization signal block; and transmit a second inter-UE synchronization signal block including the synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal received power associated with the first inter-UE synchronization signal block being greater than or equal to a first threshold.

[0010] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a method that can be executed by a second device can be proposed. For example, the method may include: transmitting a first inter-user equipment (UE) synchronization signal block to a first device based on a first beam, wherein the first device can obtain a synchronization signal based on the first UE synchronization signal block, and wherein, based on a reference signal received power associated with the first UE synchronization signal block being greater than or equal to a first threshold, the first device transmits a second UE synchronization signal block including the synchronization signal based on a second beam different from the first beam.

[0011] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, these instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: transmit a first inter-user equipment (UE) synchronization signal block to a first device based on a first beam, wherein a synchronization signal can be obtained by the first device based on the first UE synchronization signal block, and based on a reference signal received power associated with the first UE synchronization signal block being greater than or equal to a first threshold, transmit a second UE synchronization signal block including the synchronization signal by the first device based on a second beam different from the first beam. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 The present disclosure illustrates a communication structure that may be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 2 The electromagnetic spectrum is shown according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 3 Examples of typical NTN scenarios based on transparent payloads according to embodiments of this disclosure are shown.

[0015] Figure 4 Examples of typical NTN scenarios based on regenerative payloads according to embodiments of this disclosure are shown.

[0016] Figure 5 An example of sensing operation according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0017] Figure 6 The structure of a time slot for a frame based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0018] Figure 7 An example of a BWP based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0019] Figure 8 This illustrates a process by which a UE performs V2X or SL communication based on a resource allocation mode, according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0020] Figure 9 A synchronization source or synchronization reference for V2X according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0021] Figure 10 A transmit space filter and a receive space filter according to one embodiment of the present disclosure are shown.

[0022] Figure 11 A method for determining whether a receiving spatial filter covers a transmitting spatial filter is shown according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 12 A method for determining a mutually exclusive beam (or beams) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0024] Figure 13 This invention illustrates an apparatus for relaying synchronization signals between UEs using a mutually exclusive beam (or multiple beams) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 14 The present disclosure illustrates an operational process that can be performed by a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 15 The present disclosure illustrates an operational process that can be performed by a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 16A communication system 1 based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0028] Figure 17 A wireless device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0029] Figure 18 A signal processing circuit for transmitting signals based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0030] Figure 19 Another example of a wireless device based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0031] Figure 20 A handheld device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0032] Figure 21 The vehicle or autonomous vehicle shown is based on an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0033] In this disclosure, "A or B" may mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". In other words, in this disclosure, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, in this disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "A only", "B only", "C only", or "any combination of A, B and C".

[0034] The forward slash ( / ) or comma used in this disclosure can mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B". Therefore, "A / B" can mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C".

[0035] In this disclosure, "at least one of A and B" can mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Additionally, in this disclosure, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" can be interpreted as "at least one of A and B".

[0036] Additionally, in this disclosure, "at least one of A, B, and C" may mean "A only", "B only", "C only" or "any combination of A, B, and C". Furthermore, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B, and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0037] Additionally, the brackets used in this disclosure may mean "for example". Specifically, when indicated as "Control Message (PDCCH)", this may mean that "PDCCH" is cited as an example of "Control Message". In other words, "Control Message" in this disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDDCH" may be cited as an example of "Control Message". Specifically, when indicated as "Control Message (i.e., PDCCH)", this may also mean that "PDCCH" is cited as an example of "Control Message".

[0038] In the following description, "when, if, or in the case of" can be replaced with "based on".

[0039] The technical features described in one of the accompanying drawings of this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0040] In this disclosure, higher-layer parameters can be parameters configured, pre-configured, or predefined for the UE. For example, a base station or network can send higher-layer parameters to the UE. For example, higher-layer parameters can be sent via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling or Media Access Control (MAC) signaling.

[0041] In this specification, "configured or defined" can be interpreted as configuring or pre-configuring the device via predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or network.

[0042] The technologies described below can be used in various wireless communication systems such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). CDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA-2000. TDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data Rate GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, and Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). IEEE 802.16m is an evolution of IEEE 802.16e and provides backward compatibility with IEEE 802.16e-based systems. UTRA is part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). The 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is part of the Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE uses OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink. LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) is an evolution of LTE.

[0043] The technologies presented in this specification can be implemented in 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key features such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0044] Figure 1 The present disclosure illustrates a communication structure that may be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0045] In 6G, new network features may include the following.

[0046] - Satellite Integrated Network

[0047] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, and wireless evolution will shift from "connecting things" to "connecting intelligence." AI can be applied to every step of the communication process (or every step of signal processing, which will be described later).

[0048] - Seamless integration of wireless information and power transfer

[0049] - Ubiquitous Super 3D Connectivity: Super 3D connectivity will extend from 6G ubiquitous connectivity to access networks and core network functions on drones and very low Earth orbit satellites.

[0050] Given the new network features of 6G mentioned above, some common requirements may be as follows.

[0051] - Small community network

[0052] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks

[0053] - High-capacity backhaul

[0054] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision positioning (or location-based services) via communication is one of the characteristics of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0055] - Software and virtualization

[0056] The following describes the core implementation technologies used in 6G systems.

[0057] - Artificial Intelligence: Introducing AI into telecommunications can simplify and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use extensive analytics to determine how complex, goal-oriented tasks should be performed, meaning it can improve efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed immediately using AI. AI can also play a significant role in machine-to-machine, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. AI can also enable rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, smart structures, smart networks, smart devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-maintaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0058] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves (also known as submillimeter radiation) refer to the frequency band between 0.1 and 10 THz, corresponding to wavelengths typically ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz frequency band (sub-THz band) is considered the main part of the THz band used for cellular communication. Adding the sub-THz band to the millimeter-wave band increases the capacity of 6G cellular communication. The 300 GHz to 3 THz band within the defined THz band is in the far-infrared (IR) band. The 300 GHz to 3 THz band is part of the optical band, but it lies on the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Figure 2 The electromagnetic spectrum is shown according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 The implementation methods can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support extremely high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (for which highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beamwidth generated by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of the THz signal allows a greater number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array techniques that can overcome range limitations.

[0059] - Massive MIMO

[0060] - Holographic Beamforming (HBF)

[0061] - Optical wireless technology

[0062] - FSO backhaul network

[0063] - Quantum communication

[0064] - Cellular communication

[0065] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0066] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0067] - Integrated access and backhaul networks

[0068] Big Data Analytics

[0069] - Reconfigurable smart surfaces

[0070] - Metaverse

[0071] - Blockchain

[0072] - Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or drones, will be a crucial component of 6G wireless communication. In most cases, UAV technology will be used to provide high-speed data wireless connectivity. Base station (BS) entities are mounted on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs possess specific characteristics not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as ease of deployment, strong line-of-sight links, and the freedom of controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, the deployment of terrestrial communication infrastructure is economically infeasible and sometimes unable to provide service in unstable environments. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will be a new paradigm in wireless communication. This technology facilitates the three fundamental requirements of wireless networks: eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support many other purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, accident monitoring, and more. Therefore, UAV technology is considered one of the most important technologies for 6G communication.

[0073] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM is a more advanced concept than Urban Air Mobility (UAM), which refers to air mobility in urban centers and can include travel between urban centers and regional hubs.

[0074] - Autonomous Driving: Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) (a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure) can be a technology that allows vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I). To maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety, fast transmission speeds and low latency technologies are essential. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving may need to go beyond simply delivering warnings and proactively intervene in vehicle operation and take over control in dangerous situations. For this, the amount of information that needs to be sent and received can be enormous, and in 6G, faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G are expected to maximize autonomous driving.

[0075] - Non-terrestrial network NTN: NTN can refer to a network or network segment that uses radio frequency (RF) resources on a satellite (or unmanned aerial vehicle system (UAS) platform). Figure 3 An example of a typical NTN scenario based on a transparent payload according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 4 An example of a typical NTN scenario based on a regenerable payload according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 3 or Figure 4 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure. (See references.) Figure 3The satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with the UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) can connect to the gateway via a feeder link. The satellite can connect to the data network via the gateway. The beam coverage area refers to the area where the signal transmitted by the satellite can be received. (Reference) Figure 4 A satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with the UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to the UE can connect to other satellites (or UAS platforms) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). Other satellites (or UAS platforms) can connect to the gateway via a feeder link. Based on regenerated payloads, satellites can connect to the data network via other satellites and the gateway. If there is no ISL between a satellite and another satellite, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required. Figure 3 and Figure 4 This is merely an example of an NTN scenario, and NTN can be implemented in many different ways depending on the scenario. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can implement transparent or regenerated (with on-board processing) payloads. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can generate multiple beams over a service area specified based on the satellite's (or UAS platform's) field of view. For example, the satellite's (or UAS platform's) field of view can vary depending on the on-board antenna pattern and minimum elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload can include RF filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload can remain unchanged. For example, a regenerated payload can include RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and encoding / modulation. For example, a regenerated payload can be substantially equivalent to carrying all or part of the base station's functions on a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0076] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequency (RF) to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc., of an object to obtain information about the environment and / or the properties of objects within that environment. Because RF sensing does not require a device-to-object connection within a network, it can provide device-free object localization services. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from RF signals can provide a wide range of new capabilities, such as detection of various objects, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to various industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, health and transportation management, and more. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of wireless sensing services (i.e., sensing operation) can rely on processing the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing can provide opportunities to enhance existing communication systems, from telecommunications networks to wireless and sensing networks. Figure 5 An example of sensing operation according to one embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 5 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure. Specifically, Figure 5 (a) illustrates an example of sensing using a co-located sensing receiver and sensing transmitter (e.g., single static sensing), and Figure 5 (b) shows an example of sensing using separate sensing receivers and sensing transmitters (e.g., dual static sensing).

[0077] The radio interface protocol layer between the UE and the network can be classified into Layer 1 (L1), Layer 2 (L2), and Layer 3 (L3) based on the well-known Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model in communication systems. The Physical (PHY) layer, belonging to Layer 1, provides information transmission services using physical channels, while the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, located in Layer 3, controls the radio resources between the UE and the network. For this purpose, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the UE and the BS layer.

[0078] The physical layer provides information transmission services to the upper layers through physical channels. The physical layer connects to the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, which is the upper layer, through transport channels. Data is transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer via transport channels. Transport channels are classified according to how data is transmitted through the radio interface and what characteristics of the data are transmitted.

[0079] Data is transmitted between different physical layers (i.e., the PHY layer of the transmitter and the PHY layer of the receiver) via a physical channel. The physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and the physical channel uses time and frequency as radio resources.

[0080] The MAC layer provides services to the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, which is higher than the MAC layer, via logical channels. The MAC layer provides the ability to map multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. The MAC layer also provides logical channel multiplexing by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC layer provides data transmission services through logical channels.

[0081] The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of Radio Link Control Service Data Units (RLC SDUs). To ensure the different Quality of Service (QoS) required by the Radio Bearer (RB), the RLC layer provides three types of operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Non-Acknowledgment Mode (UM), and Acknowledgment Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ).

[0082] The Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is used to control the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of logical, transport, and physical channels associated with RBs. RBs are logical paths for data transmission between the UE and the network, provided by Layer 1 (i.e., the Physical Layer or PHY Layer) and Layer 2 (i.e., the MAC Layer, RLC Layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) Layer, and Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) Layer).

[0083] The Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) in the user plane performs functions including user data transmission, header compression, and encryption. The Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) in the control plane performs functions including control plane data transmission and encryption / integrity protection.

[0084] The Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in the user plane. The SDAP layer performs the mapping between Quality of Service (QoS) streams and Data Radio Bearers (DRBs), as well as the QoS Stream ID (QFI) tagging in both DL and UL packets.

[0085] The configuration of an Radio Bearer (RB) refers to the processing used to specify the radio protocol layer and channel attributes to provide specific services, as well as to determine the corresponding detailed parameters and operating methods. RBs can then be classified into two types: Signaling Radio Bearers (SRBs) and Data Radio Bearers (DRBs). SRBs are used as paths for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs are used as paths for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0086] When an RRC connection is established between the UE's RRC layer and the E-UTRAN's RRC layer, the UE is in the RRC connected (RRC_CONNECTED) state; otherwise, the UE can be in the RRC idle (RRC_IDLE) state. In the NR case, an additional RRC inactive (RRC_INACTIVE) state is defined, and a UE in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain its connection with the core network while releasing its connection with the BS.

[0087] Data is transmitted from the network to the UE via downlink transport channels. Examples of downlink transport channels include the Broadcast Channel (BCH) for transmitting system information and the Shared Downlink Channel (SCH) for transmitting other user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages for downlink multicast or broadcast services can be transmitted via the downlink SCH or via a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Furthermore, uplink transport channels for transmitting (or transmitting) data from the UE to the network include the Random Access Channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages and the Shared Uplink Channel (SCH) for transmitting other user traffic or control messages.

[0088] Examples of logical channels that belong to a higher layer than the transport channel and are mapped to the transport channel may include the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Paging Control Channel (PCCH), Common Control Channel (CCCH), Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), Multicast Service Channel (MTCH), etc.

[0089] In NR, radio frames can be used to perform uplink and downlink transmissions. A radio frame is 10 ms long and can be defined as consisting of two half-frames (HF). A half-frame can include five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe (SF) can be divided into one or more time slots, and the number of time slots within a subframe can be determined according to the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each time slot can include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0090] With normal CP, each time slot can include 14 symbols. With extended CP, each time slot can include 12 symbols. In this paper, symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and single-carrier-FDMA (SC-FDMA) symbols (or Discrete Fourier Transform Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols).

[0091] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols (N) per slot based on the SCS configuration (μ) when using normal CP or extended CP. slot symb ), Number of time slots per frame (N)frame,μ slot ) and the number of time slots per subframe (N) subframe ,μ slot ).

[0092] [Table 2]

[0093] Figure 6 The structure of a time slot for an NR frame according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 6 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0094] Reference Figure 6 A time slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain.

[0095] A carrier can include up to N BWPs (e.g., 5 BWPs). Data communication can be performed via an active BWP. Each element can be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and a complex symbol can be mapped to each element.

[0096] A BWP can be a contiguous set of Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) within a given set of parameters. A PRB can be a contiguous set of Common Resource Blocks (CRBs) for a given set of parameters on a given carrier.

[0097] Figure 7 An example of a BWP according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 7 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure. Assuming that... Figure 7 In this implementation, the number of BWPs is 3.

[0098] Reference Figure 7 A Common Resource Block (CRB) can be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier frequency band to the other. Alternatively, a Producer Resource Block (PRB) can be a resource block numbered within each BWP. Point A can indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0099] It can be determined by point A and the offset (N) relative to point A. start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP The BWP can be configured using a parameter set. For example, point A can be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier, with subcarrier 0 of all parameter sets (e.g., all parameter sets supported by the network on the corresponding carrier) aligned at point A. For example, the offset can be the PRB distance between the lowest subcarrier in a given parameter set and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given parameter set.

[0100] Sidelink synchronization signals (SLSS) can include a primary sidelink synchronization signal (PSSS) and a secondary sidelink synchronization signal (SSSS) as sidelink (SL) specific sequences. The PSSS can be referred to as the primary sidelink synchronization signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS can be referred to as the secondary sidelink synchronization signal (S-SSS). For example, a 127-character M-sequence can be used for the S-PSS, and a 127-character Gold sequence can be used for the S-SSS. For example, a UE can use the S-PSS for initial signal detection and synchronization acquisition. For example, a UE can use both the S-PSS and S-SSS for detailed synchronization acquisition and for detecting the synchronization signal ID.

[0101] The Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH) can be a (broadcast) channel used to transmit default (system) information that the UE must know before SL signal transmission / reception. For example, the default information could be related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), Time Division Duplex (TDD) uplink / downlink (UL / DL) configuration, resource pool information, and application types related to SLSS, subframe offset, and broadcast information. For instance, to evaluate PSBCH performance in NR V2X, the PSBCH payload size can be 56 bits, including 24 bits of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).

[0102] S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH can be included in a block format that supports periodic transmission (e.g., SL synchronization signal (SS) / PSBCH block, hereinafter, sidelink synchronization signal block (S-SSB)). The S-SSB can have the same parameter set (i.e., SCS and CP lengths) as the Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) / Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth can exist within a (pre-)configured sidelink (SL) BWP. For example, the S-SSB can have a bandwidth of 11 resource blocks (SBs). For example, the PSBCH can exist across 11 RBs. Additionally, the frequency location of the S-SSB can be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the UE does not need to perform hypothesis detection at the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0103] In this specification, PSCCH can be replaced with control channel, physical control channel, side-link related control channel, side-link related physical control channel, etc. In this specification, PSSCH can be replaced with shared channel, physical shared channel, side-link related shared channel, side-link related physical shared channel, etc.

[0104] Figure 8 This illustrates the process by which a UE performs V2X or SL communication based on a resource allocation mode, according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 8 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0105] Reference Figure 8 In (a) of resource allocation mode 1, the base station can schedule SL resources that will be used by the UE for SL transmission. For example, in step S800, the base station can send information related to SL resources and / or information related to UL resources to the first UE. For example, UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, UL resources may be resources used to report SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0106] For example, the first UE can receive information related to Dynamic Grant (DG) resources and / or Configuration Grant (CG) resources from the base station. For example, CG resources may include CG Type 1 resources or CG Type 2 resources. In this disclosure, DG resources can be resources configured / allocated to the first UE by the base station via Downlink Control Information (DCI). In this disclosure, CG resources can be (periodic) resources configured / allocated to the first UE by the base station via DCI and / or RRC messages. For example, in the case of CG Type 1 resources, the base station can send an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first UE. For example, in the case of CG Type 2 resources, the base station can send an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first UE, and the base station can send a DCI related to the activation or release of the CG resources to the first UE.

[0107] In step S810, the first UE can send the PSCCH (e.g., Side Link Control Information (SCI) or Level 1 SCI) to the second UE based on resource scheduling. In step S820, the first UE can send the PSSCH (e.g., Level 2 SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) associated with the PSCCH to the second UE. In step S830, the first UE can receive the PSFCH associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second UE. For example, it can receive HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK or ACK information) from the second UE via the PSFCH. In step S840, the first UE can send / report the HARQ feedback information to the base station via PUCCH or PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station can be information generated by the first UE based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second UE. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station can be information generated by the first UE based on pre-configured rules. For example, the DCI can be the DCI used for SL scheduling.

[0108] Reference Figure 8In (b) of the resource allocation mode 2, the UE can determine the SL transmission resources within the SL resources configured by the base station / network or the pre-configured SL resources. For example, the configured SL resources or the pre-configured SL resources can be a resource pool. For example, the UE can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the UE can perform SL communication by autonomously selecting resources within the configured resource pool. For example, the UE can autonomously select resources within a selection window by performing a sensing process and a resource (re)selection process. For example, sensing can be performed on a sub-channel basis. For example, in step S810, the first UE, which has selected resources from the resource pool, can send the PSCCH (e.g., Side Link Control Information (SCI) or Level 1 SCI) to the second UE using the resources. In step S820, the first UE can send the PSSCH (e.g., Level 2 SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) associated with the PSCCH to the second UE. In step S830, the first UE can receive the PSFCH associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second UE.

[0109] Reference Figure 8 In (a) or (b), for example, the first UE may send an SCI to the second UE via a PSCCH. Alternatively, for example, the first UE may send two consecutive SCIs (e.g., a level 2 SCI) to the second UE via a PSCCH and / or a PSSCH. In this case, the second UE may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., a level 2 SCI) to receive the PSSCH from the first UE. In this disclosure, an SCI sent via a PSCCH may be referred to as the first SCI, first-level SCI, or first-level SCI format, and an SCI sent via a PSSCH may be referred to as the second SCI, second-level SCI, second-level SCI, or second-level SCI format.

[0110] Reference Figure 8 In step (a) or (b), the first UE may receive the PSFCH in step S830. For example, the first UE and the second UE may determine the PSFCH resource, and the second UE may use the PSFCH resource to send HARQ feedback to the first UE.

[0111] Reference Figure 8 In step (a), the first UE can send SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH in step S840.

[0112] The following will describe how synchronization of the SL UE is achieved. For example, the SL UE may refer to the UE that performs inter-UE communication (e.g., SL communication).

[0113] In both Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, precise time and frequency synchronization is essential. Failure to achieve precise time and frequency synchronization can degrade system performance due to inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI). This also applies to V2X. In V2X, for time / frequency synchronization, UE-to-UE synchronization signals (e.g., SL synchronization signals; sidelink synchronization signals, SLSS) can be used at the physical layer, and the Master Information Block-Sidelink-V2X (MIB-SL-V2X) can be used at the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer.

[0114] Figure 9 A synchronization source or synchronization reference for V2X according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 9 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0115] refer to Figure 9 In V2X, a UE can directly synchronize with the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), or indirectly synchronize with the GNSS through a UE that is directly synchronized with the GNSS (within or outside network coverage). When the GNSS is configured as the synchronization source, the UE can calculate the DFN and subframe number using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and a (pre-)configured Direct Frame Number (DFN) offset.

[0116] Alternatively, the UE can directly synchronize with the base station, or it can synchronize with another UE that is synchronized with the base station in time / frequency. For example, the base station can be an eNB or gNB. For example, when the UE is within network coverage, it can receive synchronization information provided by the base station and can directly synchronize with the base station. Subsequently, the UE can provide synchronization information to another neighboring UE. When the base station timing is configured as a synchronization reference, the UE can follow the cell associated with the corresponding frequency (when the UE is within the coverage area of ​​the cell at that frequency) or the primary cell or serving cell (when the UE is outside the coverage area of ​​the cell at that frequency) for synchronization and downlink measurements.

[0117] A base station (e.g., a serving cell) can provide a synchronization configuration for carriers used for V2X or inter-UE communication (e.g., SL communication). In this case, the UE can follow the synchronization configuration received from the base station. If the UE does not detect any cell on a carrier used for V2X or SL communication and does not receive a synchronization configuration from the serving cell, the UE can follow a pre-configured synchronization configuration.

[0118] Alternatively, the UE can synchronize with another UE that has not directly or indirectly obtained synchronization information from the base station or GNSS. The synchronization source and priority can be pre-configured to the UE. Alternatively, the synchronization source and priority can be configured via control messages provided by the base station.

[0119] SL synchronization sources can be associated with synchronization priorities. For example, the relationship between synchronization sources and synchronization priorities can be defined as shown in Table 3 or Table 4 below. Table 3 or Table 4 are merely examples, and the relationship between synchronization sources and synchronization priorities can be defined in various forms.

[0120] [Table 3]

[0121] [Table 4]

[0122] In Table 3 or Table 4, P0 may refer to the highest priority, and P6 may refer to the lowest priority. In Table 3 or Table 4, the base station may include at least one of a gNB or an eNB.

[0123] Whether to use GNSS-based synchronization or base station-based synchronization can be (pre)configured. In single-carrier operation, the UE can derive its transmission timing from the available synchronization reference with the highest priority.

[0124] Additionally, each UE-to-UE synchronization signal (e.g., SLSS) may have an UE-to-UE synchronization identifier (e.g., SL synchronization identifier; side link synchronization identifier SLSS ID).

[0125] For example, in LTE UE-to-UE communication (e.g., SL communication) or LTE V2X, the value of the UE-to-UE synchronization signal identifier (e.g., SLSS) can be defined based on a combination of two different UE-to-UE primary synchronization signal (e.g., S-PSS) sequences and 168 different UE-to-UE secondary synchronization signal (e.g., S-SSS) sequences. For example, the number of UE-to-UE synchronization signal identifiers (e.g., SLSS) can be 336. For example, the value of the UE-to-UE synchronization signal identifier (e.g., SLSS) can be one of 0 to 335.

[0126] For example, in NR UE-to-UE communication (e.g., SL communication) or NR V2X, the value of an inter-UE synchronization signal identifier (e.g., SLSS) can be defined based on a combination of two different inter-UE primary synchronization signal (e.g., S-PSS) sequences and 336 different inter-UE secondary synchronization signal (e.g., S-SSS) sequences. For example, the number of inter-UE synchronization signal identifiers (e.g., SLSS) can be 672. For example, the value of an inter-UE synchronization signal identifier (e.g., SLSS) can be any value from 0 to 671. For example, among two different inter-UE primary synchronization signals (e.g., S-PSS), one inter-UE primary synchronization signal (e.g., S-PSS) can be associated with coverage, and the other inter-UE primary synchronization signal (e.g., S-PSS) can be associated with outside coverage. For example, inter-UE synchronization signal identifiers (e.g., SLSS) of 0 to 335 can be used within coverage, and inter-UE synchronization signal identifiers (e.g., SLSS) of 336 to 671 can be used outside coverage.

[0127] Figure 10 A transmit space filter and a receive space filter according to one embodiment of the present disclosure are shown. Figure 10 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0128] refer to Figure 10 The diagram shows a receive spatial filter 1001 used by the receiving UE for receiving operations and a transmit spatial filter 1011 used by the transmitting UE for transmitting operations.

[0129] For example, the receiving spatial filter can allow only signals with the same beam direction as 1003 to pass through. That is, the receiving UE can only receive transmissions performed based on the beam with the direction of 1003.

[0130] Therefore, the transmission of 1006, which is based on a beam direction different from that of 1003, may not pass through the receiving spatial filter. The signal of 1004, which is based on the same beam direction as 1003, can pass through the receiving spatial filter and be received by the receiving UE.

[0131] For example, the receiving spatial filter can have a beam size / width of 1002 and can only allow transmissions performed based on the beam included within the beam size / width to pass through. That is, the receiving UE can only receive transmissions performed based on the beam with a size / width included within the beam size / width of 1002.

[0132] Therefore, among signal components transmitted based on a beam with a size / width greater than 1002, the transmission of 1005, which contacts the receiving spatial filter outside the size / width of 1002, may not pass through the receiving spatial filter. Since 1004 contacts the receiving spatial filter within the area included in the size / width of 1002, it can pass through the receiving spatial filter and be received by the receiving UE. On the other hand, 1005 contacts the receiving spatial filter outside the size / width of 1002, therefore it cannot pass through the receiving spatial filter and cannot be received by the receiving UE.

[0133] For example, 1004 can be received by the receiving UE because its direction is the same as that of the beam 1003 passing through the receiving spatial filter, and because it contacts the receiving spatial filter within the area included in the size / width of 1002. Here, for example, if the transmission of 1004 is based on all components transmitted based on a specific beam (i.e., all signal components transmitted with 1004 are successfully received by the receiving UE), then the receiving spatial filter can be a spatial filter that covers the transmission spatial filter associated with that specific beam.

[0134] For example, a transmit spatial filter can allow only signals with the same beam direction as 1013 to pass through. In other words, when the transmitting UE performs a transmission operation based on the transmit spatial filter, the signal component 1014 that passes through the transmit spatial filter and is ultimately transmitted can all have the direction of 1013.

[0135] Therefore, the transmission of 1016, which is based on a beam direction different from that of 1013, may not pass through the transmission spatial filter. The signal component 1014, which has the same beam direction as 1013, can pass through the transmission spatial filter and be transmitted to the receiving UE.

[0136] For example, a transmit spatial filter can have a beam size / width of 1012 and can only allow signal components included within that beam size / width to pass through. That is, when the transmitting UE performs a transmit operation based on the transmit spatial filter, only signal components included within a beam size / width of 1012 can pass through the transmit spatial filter and are eventually transmitted.

[0137] Therefore, signal components not included in the size / width of 1012 may not pass through the transmission spatial filter. Since 1014 is a signal component included in the size / width of 1012, it can pass through the transmission spatial filter and be transmitted to the receiving UE. On the other hand, 1015 is a signal component not included in the size / width of 1012, and therefore cannot pass through the transmission spatial filter and be transmitted to the receiving UE.

[0138] For example, the direction of 1014 is the same as the beam direction 1013 through the transmit spatial filter, and it is a signal component included within the size / width of 1012, which can be transmitted to the receiving UE. Here, for example, if the transmission of 1014 passes entirely through the receive spatial filter used by the receiving UE for receiving operations (i.e., if the direction of the signal component of 1014 is the same as the beam direction associated with the receive spatial filter, and the signal component of 1014 is entirely included within the size / width of the receive spatial filter), then the receive spatial filter can be a spatial filter that covers the transmit spatial filter of 1011.

[0139] Figure 11 A method for determining whether a receiving spatial filter covers a transmitting spatial filter is shown according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 11 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0140] refer to Figure 11 The diagram shows a receive spatial filter 1101 used by the receiving UE for receiving operations and a transmit spatial filter 1111 used by the transmitting UE for transmitting operations.

[0141] For example, the direction of the signal component passed through the receiving spatial filter can be 1103, and the direction of the signal component transmitted through the transmitting spatial filter can be 1113. For example, the receiving beam direction associated with the receiving spatial filter can be 1103, and the transmitting beam direction associated with the transmitting spatial filter can be 1113.

[0142] For example, the size / width of the receive filter can be 1102. That is, the receive spatial filter only allows those signal components included within 1102 to pass through, and only those signal components that pass through the receive spatial filter can be received by the receiving UE.

[0143] For example, the size / width of the transmit spatial filter can be 1112. That is, the transmit spatial filter only allows those signal components included within 1112 to pass through, and only those signal components that pass through the transmit spatial filter can be transmitted to the receiving UE.

[0144] 1121 and 1122 are cross-sections representing the size / width of the transmit spatial filter or the size / width of the receive spatial filter.

[0145] For example, if 1121 is the size / width of the transmit spatial filter and 1122 is the size / width of the receive spatial filter, and since 1122 is included within 1121, the size / width of the transmit spatial filter is larger than the size / width of the receive spatial filter, then some of the signal components that pass through the transmit spatial filter and are transmitted to the receiving UE may not pass through the receive spatial filter. In this case, the receive spatial filter may be a spatial filter that does not cover the transmit spatial filter.

[0146] Conversely, for example, if 1121 is the size / width of the receive spatial filter and 1122 is the size / width of the transmit spatial filter, and since 1122 is included within 1121, the size / width of the transmit spatial filter is smaller than the size / width of the receive spatial filter, then all signal components transmitted to the receiving UE via the transmit spatial filter can pass through the receive spatial filter. In this case, the receive spatial filter can be a spatial filter that covers the transmit spatial filter.

[0147] 1131 represents 1103, that is, the receive beam direction associated with the receive spatial filter, and 1132 represents 1113, that is, the transmit beam direction associated with the transmit spatial filter. For example, as shown in the figure, since all signal components transmitted by the transmitting UE based on the transmit spatial filter can pass through the receive spatial filter only when 1131 and 1132 are horizontally consistent, the receive spatial filter can be a spatial filter that covers the transmit spatial filter.

[0148] Meanwhile, during inter-UE communication (e.g., SL communication), the UE can perform transmission and / or reception based on multiple panels and / or beam directions, and in this case, it is necessary to define methods for managing spatial settings (such as information related to beams (beam directions) or spatial domain transmit / receive filters). In the following, the UE can be interpreted as interchangeable / replaceable with various devices including transceivers, and inter-UE synchronization signal blocks (e.g., S-SSBs) can be interpreted as interchangeable / replaceable with inter-device synchronization signal blocks.

[0149] Simultaneously, in the case of base station-to-UE communication (e.g., DL communication), the base station is already able to indicate antenna port quasi-co-location (QCL) information to the UE via a transmission configuration indicator (e.g., TCI). Specifically, when receiving base station-to-UE communication (e.g., DL communication) signals via "Type D", the base station is already able to configure / indicate whether the UE wants to assume the same spatial RX parameters or the same beam information as a specific synchronization block (e.g., SSB; synchronization block) or channel state information reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS).

[0150] Meanwhile, in the case of UE-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication), the base station is already able to configure / instruct the UE on the spatial settings or spatial domain transmission filters used for UE-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., PUSCH) transmission to follow the spatial settings used for UE-specific probe reference signal (e.g., SRS) resources transmission, physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) transmission, and / or base station-to-UE communication (e.g., DL communication) signal reception.

[0151] Meanwhile, in UE-to-UE communication (e.g., SL communication), when a UE is located at or beyond a specific level (or threshold, or threshold distance) from the synchronization source, the UE can transmit an inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB), thereby extending the area with the same synchronization. For example, the distance can include radio distance or geographical distance.

[0152] And / or, for example, when configured by the base station, the UE can perform the transmission of inter-UE synchronization signal blocks (e.g., S-SSBs), and through this, the area with the same synchronization can be extended.

[0153] According to embodiments of this disclosure, when a UE receives an inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) corresponding to (or transmitted based on) the first transmit beam (or based on the receive beam corresponding to the first transmit beam) from another UE, the UE may transmit the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB).

[0154] And / or, for example, when a quality measurement based on an inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) is less than or equal to a first threshold, a UE may transmit an inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB). For example, the quality measurement may include a reference signal received power (e.g., RSRP) or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (e.g., (L1-)SINR).

[0155] And / or, for example, when the quality measurement value based on the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) is greater than or equal to a second threshold, the UE may transmit the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB). For example, the quality measurement value may include the reference signal received power (e.g., RSRP) or the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (e.g., (L1-)SINR).

[0156] And / or, for example, when a quality measurement based on an inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) is less than or equal to a first threshold and greater than or equal to a second threshold, a UE may transmit an inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB). For example, the quality measurement may include reference signal received power (e.g., RSRP) or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (e.g., (L1-)SINR).

[0157] For example, the transmit beam (e.g., the second transmit beam) used by the UE to transmit the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) can be determined based on the receive beam used by the UE when receiving the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) corresponding to the first transmit beam.

[0158] For example, the second transmit beam may include a beam that is the same as or associated with the first transmit beam, a beam that corresponds to or is associated with a beam in the opposite direction to the first transmit beam, a beam (or multiple beams) that is mutually exclusive with the first transmit beam, or a beam (or multiple beams) that has low correlation with the first transmit beam.

[0159] For example, a beam (or beams) mutually exclusive with the first transmitted beam (or a beam (or beams) with low correlation to the first transmitted beam) can mean a beam (or beams) that do not overlap with each other. For example, a mutually exclusive beam (or beams) can mean a beam (or beams) whose beam direction overlaps at a ratio less than or equal to a threshold.

[0160] Figure 12 A method for determining a mutually exclusive beam (or beams) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 12 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0161] refer to Figure 12 This shows the beam direction of the first beam (i.e., the first beam direction) and the beam direction of the second beam (i.e., the second beam direction), and assumes as follows: Figure 12 The left side shows a circle with an area A perpendicular to the first beam direction, and another circle with the same area A perpendicular to the second beam direction, where the angle between the first and second beam directions is B. Figure 12 The area of ​​the shaded ellipse shown on the right can be A cos B, and here, the ratio of the overlapping areas of the beam directions can be the ratio of A cos B to A, that is, the ratio of the overlapping areas of the beam directions can be cos B, which can be the value obtained by applying a cosine function to the angle formed by each beam direction.

[0162] For example, the transmission beam of the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) transmitted by the UE can be selected in the direction that further extends the coverage of the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) received by the UE.

[0163] Figure 13 This invention illustrates an apparatus for relaying synchronization signals between UEs using a mutually exclusive beam (or multiple beams) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 13 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0164] refer to Figure 13 This illustrates a second device that transmits a first inter-device synchronization signal and a first device that receives the first inter-device synchronization signal. Figure 13 In this embodiment, the second device is exemplified as a base station, but the features of the second device in this embodiment can be extended to another device (e.g., a UE) capable of performing inter-device communication.

[0165] In step S1310, the second device may transmit an inter-device synchronization signal to the first device based on a second beam (transmit beam). Here, the first device may receive the inter-device synchronization signal based on a first beam (receive beam). For example, the first device may measure the reference signal received power (e.g., RSRP) for the inter-device synchronization signal.

[0166] For example, the first device may determine whether to perform a relay for the inter-device synchronization signal based on a reference signal received power (e.g., RSRP) for the inter-device synchronization signal and at least one threshold. For example, the determination of whether to perform a relay may be made according to various embodiments of this disclosure. In this embodiment, it is assumed that a relay is performed.

[0167] In step S1320, the first device may transmit a second-device synchronization signal to the third device based on a third beam (transmit beam). The second-device synchronization signal includes synchronization information obtained from the first-device synchronization signal. The transmission operation may be a relay operation. For example, the third beam may be a beam (or multiple beams) mutually exclusive with the first beam (or the second beam). For example, the third beam may be a beam that does not overlap with the first beam (or the second beam).

[0168] Subsequently, since the third device, which has already received the inter-device synchronization signal from the second device, obtains the same synchronization information, even if the third device is a device that cannot directly receive the inter-device synchronization signal from the second device (due to differences in beam direction, the receiving beam and the transmitting beam not overlapping each other, and / or the receiving beam and the transmitting beam being mutually exclusive), the relay operation of this embodiment can extend the coverage of the synchronization initiated at the first device.

[0169] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a UE relaying an inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) can transmit or relay an inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) based on the received inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) during one or more inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) events. For example, a UE relaying an inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) can transmit or relay an inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) based on the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) received during one or more inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) events. For example, a UE relaying an inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) can transmit or relay an inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) based on the received inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) during one or more inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) events.

[0170] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the transmission beam of the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) transmitted by the UE (a UE that has received an inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) from another UE) may vary depending on the (beam) quality or quality range of the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) received by the UE.

[0171] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the transmission beam of the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) sent by a UE (a UE that has received an inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) from another UE) and / or whether and how the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) is relayed can vary depending on the purpose of sending the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) (e.g., synchronization purpose and / or beam management).

[0172] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the first threshold and / or the second threshold may be (pre) configured per UE-to-UE carrier (e.g., SL carrier) and / or per UE-to-UE bandwidth portion (e.g., SL BWP).

[0173] For example, the second threshold can be a value less than or equal to the first threshold. This could be to prevent the UE from performing relay of inter-UE synchronization signal blocks (e.g., S-SSBs) when the beam quality is too low.

[0174] According to embodiments of this disclosure, when the base station is the synchronization reference of the UE, the UE can transmit an inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB), and the transmission beam used to transmit the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) can be determined by the UE.

[0175] And / or, for example, when the quality measurement value of the reference signal transmitted by the base station (e.g., the reference signal received power (e.g., RSRP)) is less than or equal to a (pre)configured threshold or less than a (pre)configured threshold, the UE may transmit an inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB), and the transmission beam used to transmit the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) may be determined by the UE.

[0176] And / or, for example, when the UE is (pre-)configured by the base station to transmit an inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB), the UE may transmit the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB), and the transmission beam used to transmit the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) may be determined by the UE.

[0177] And / or, for example, when the UE has GNSS as a synchronization reference, the UE can transmit inter-UE synchronization signal blocks (e.g., S-SSB), and the transmission beam used to transmit the inter-UE synchronization signal blocks (e.g., S-SSB) can be determined by the UE.

[0178] According to embodiments of this disclosure, when a UE transmits an inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) using a specific transmit beam, the resources used for transmitting the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) can be selected from inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) resources whose quality value, measured based on a receive beam associated with the transmit beam, is less than or equal to a specific level (or threshold) or less than a specific level (or threshold). For example, the quality value may include a reference signal received power (e.g., RSRP) value or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (e.g., (L1-)SINR) value.

[0179] For example, UE-to-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) resources can be resources classified as sl-ssb-TimeAllocation1, sl-ssb-TimeAllocation2, or sl-ssb-TimeAllocation3.

[0180] In embodiments of this disclosure, methods for transmitting and relaying inter-UE synchronization signal blocks (e.g., S-SSBs) have been described; however, this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the concepts of this disclosure can be extended and applied to third reference signals (RS) or channel state information reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS). For example, in embodiments of this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving entities of inter-UE synchronization signal blocks (e.g., S-SSBs) have been described as UEs, but embodiments related to the transmitting and receiving entities of inter-UE synchronization signal blocks (e.g., S-SSBs) can be extended and applied to apparatuses including transceivers.

[0181] The various schemes disclosed herein can be applied differently by unicast session (group), by transmission type, by transmission priority value, by reception priority value, by inter-UE transmission with / without inter-UE feedback (e.g., SL HARQ-ACK feedback) enabled / disabled, by inter-UE feedback (e.g., SL HARQ-ACK feedback) option, by QoS parameters, by (remaining) PDB, by congestion control level, by (transmission and / or reception) resource pool, by UE mobility-related information (e.g., rate, speed, direction, acceleration, location, altitude, etc.), by inter-UE communication (e.g., SL communication) transmission or reception, by HARQ procedure, by beam procedure, by source ID, by destination ID, and / or by transport block (e.g., TB).

[0182] For example, in embodiments of this disclosure, the (pre)configured units can be configured in different combinations. For example, in embodiments of this disclosure, parameter indication and management via inter-UE physical channels (e.g., PSCCH and / or PSSCH) can be performed in different combinations of units.

[0183] In various embodiments of this disclosure, spatial setup and / or transmission configuration indication (e.g., TCI) information and / or QCL information may refer to each other and / or be interpreted as replacing beam-related information, beam direction, spatial domain transmit filter, or spatial domain receive filter.

[0184] In various embodiments of this disclosure, the same spatial configuration information used for transmission can mean that the UE's spatial domain transmission filter (spatial domain TX filter) is the same for two different transmission signals.

[0185] In various embodiments of this disclosure, identical spatial setup information for receiving can mean that two different received signals are in a QCL "Type D" relationship and / or in a relationship using the same spatial receiving parameters.

[0186] In various embodiments of this disclosure, (pre)configuration may refer to pre-configuration (based on signaling from a server or at the time of product shipment), configuration from a base station, and / or configuration via PC5-RRC between UEs.

[0187] The various features described in this disclosure can be applied differently depending on the inter-UE channel (e.g., SL channel). The various schemes of this disclosure can also be applied differently depending on the type of information included in the inter-UE channel (e.g., SL channel).

[0188] The proposed method can be applied to the apparatus described below. First, the processor 202 of the receiving UE can be configured with at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP). Then, the processor 202 of the receiving UE can control the transceiver 206 of the receiving UE to receive physical channels related to inter-UE communication (e.g., SL communication) and / or reference signals related to inter-UE communication (e.g., SL communication) from the transmitting UE on at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP).

[0189] For example, when performing inter-UE communication (e.g., SL communication) in FR2, a UE can perform transmit and / or receive operations based on multiple panels and / or beam directions. The UE performing inter-UE communication can transmit and receive inter-UE synchronization signal blocks (e.g., S-SSBs) to achieve synchronization with the receiving UE. In FR2, since transmit / receive beams can be applied to inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) operations, it is necessary to define a method for performing inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) relay operations to extend the synchronization cluster.

[0190] For example, it may be necessary to determine the transmit beam to use when a UE relays an inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) received from another node. For example, relaying an inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) by using a transmit beam in a direction with good receive beam quality for the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) may be inefficient in terms of extending the coverage of the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB).

[0191] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, a UE intending to relay an inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) after receiving it can relay the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) by using a beam that does not cover the receiving beam when receiving the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) and when the quality of the receiving beam used for the reception is greater than or equal to a certain level. According to an embodiment of this disclosure, during the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) relay operation, the transmitting beam can be configured in a direction that increases coverage. For example, the transmitting beam can be configured in a direction opposite to the direction of the receiving beam with good quality.

[0192] According to various embodiments of this disclosure, by allowing the extension of the relay of the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) in directions with poor received beam quality, unnecessary transmission power consumption can be reduced, and efficient expansion of the synchronization cluster can be achieved. According to various embodiments of this disclosure, the selection of transmission beams for increasing the coverage of the inter-UE synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) can be performed efficiently.

[0193] Figure 14 The process of operation that can be performed by the first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 14 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0194] refer to Figure 14 In step S1410, the first device may receive a first inter-UE synchronization signal block from the second device based on a first beam. In step S1420, the first device may obtain synchronization information based on the first inter-UE synchronization signal block. In step S1430, the first device may transmit a second inter-UE synchronization signal block including synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal received power associated with the first inter-UE synchronization signal block that is greater than or equal to a first threshold.

[0195] For example, the second beam could be a beam that does not cover the first beam.

[0196] For example, the overlap ratio between the direction of the second beam and the direction of the first beam can be less than or equal to a threshold.

[0197] For example, the first threshold can be configured per carrier of receiving the first inter-UE synchronization signal block.

[0198] For example, the first threshold can be configured according to the bandwidth of each portion of the first UE inter-synchronization signal block received.

[0199] For example, a second inter-UE synchronization signal block can be transmitted based on the reference signal received power associated with the first inter-UE synchronization signal block being greater than or equal to a first threshold and less than or equal to a second threshold.

[0200] For example, the second threshold can be configured per carrier of receiving the first UE inter-synchronization signal block.

[0201] For example, the second threshold can be configured according to the bandwidth of each portion of the first UE inter-synchronization signal block received.

[0202] For example, the second threshold can be a value that is less than or equal to the first threshold.

[0203] For example, the second device could be a base station or a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS).

[0204] For example, the first device may also determine to use the second beam to transmit the second inter-UE synchronization signal block.

[0205] For example, based on the fact that the received power of the reference signal measured according to the third beam corresponding to the second beam is greater than or equal to a second threshold, it can be determined that the second beam will be used to transmit the second inter-UE synchronization signal block.

[0206] For example, the method can be performed by the first device.

[0207] The above-described embodiments can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can control the transceiver 106 to receive a first inter-UE synchronization signal block from the second device 200 based on a first beam. Furthermore, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can obtain synchronization information based on the first inter-UE synchronization signal block. Also, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can control the transceiver 106 to transmit a second inter-UE synchronization signal block including synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal reception power greater than or equal to a first threshold, provided that the power received by the transceiver is greater than or equal to a first threshold.

[0208] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, a first apparatus may be proposed. For example, the first apparatus may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, these instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus to: receive a first inter-UE synchronization signal block from a second apparatus based on a first beam; obtain synchronization information based on the first inter-UE synchronization signal block; and transmit a second inter-UE synchronization signal block including the synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal received power greater than or equal to a first threshold, provided that the power received by the reference signal associated with the first inter-UE synchronization signal block is greater than or equal to a first threshold.

[0209] For example, the second beam could be a beam that does not cover the first beam.

[0210] For example, the overlap ratio between the direction of the second beam and the direction of the first beam can be less than or equal to a threshold.

[0211] For example, the first threshold can be configured per carrier of receiving the first inter-UE synchronization signal block.

[0212] For example, the first threshold can be configured according to the bandwidth of each portion of the first UE inter-synchronization signal block received.

[0213] For example, a second inter-UE synchronization signal block can be transmitted based on the reference signal received power associated with the first inter-UE synchronization signal block being greater than or equal to a first threshold and less than or equal to a second threshold.

[0214] For example, the second threshold can be configured per carrier of receiving the first UE inter-synchronization signal block.

[0215] For example, the second threshold can be configured according to the bandwidth of each portion of the first UE inter-synchronization signal block received.

[0216] For example, the second threshold can be a value that is less than or equal to the first threshold.

[0217] For example, the second device could be a base station or a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS).

[0218] For example, the instruction may also include: determining to use a second beam to transmit a second inter-UE synchronization signal block.

[0219] For example, based on the fact that the received power of the reference signal measured according to the third beam corresponding to the second beam is greater than or equal to a second threshold, it can be determined that the second beam will be used to transmit the second inter-UE synchronization signal block.

[0220] For example, the method can be performed by the first device.

[0221] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, a processing apparatus suitable for controlling a first device can be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, these instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: receive a first inter-UE synchronization signal block from a second device based on a first beam; obtain synchronization information based on the first inter-UE synchronization signal block; and transmit a second inter-UE synchronization signal block including the synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal received power greater than or equal to a first threshold, provided that the power received by the reference signal associated with the first inter-UE synchronization signal block is greater than or equal to a first threshold.

[0222] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions may be provided. For example, these instructions, when executed, cause a first device to: receive a first inter-UE synchronization signal block from a second device based on a first beam; obtain synchronization information based on the first inter-UE synchronization signal block; and transmit a second inter-UE synchronization signal block including the synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal received power associated with the first inter-UE synchronization signal block being greater than or equal to a first threshold.

[0223] Figure 15 The process of operation that can be performed by a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 15 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0224] refer to Figure 15 In step S1510, the second device may send a first inter-UE synchronization signal block to the first device based on the first beam. For example, the first device may obtain a synchronization signal based on the first inter-UE synchronization signal block, and the first device may send a second inter-UE synchronization signal block including the synchronization signal based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal received power related to the first inter-UE synchronization signal block that is greater than or equal to a first threshold.

[0225] For example, the second beam could be a beam that does not cover the first beam.

[0226] The above-described embodiments can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor 202 of the second device 200 can control the transceiver 206 to transmit a first inter-UE synchronization signal block to the first device 100 based on a first beam. For example, the first device 100 can obtain a synchronization signal based on the first inter-UE synchronization signal block, and the first device 100 can transmit a second inter-UE synchronization signal block including the synchronization signal based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal received power associated with the first inter-UE synchronization signal block that is greater than or equal to a first threshold.

[0227] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, these instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: transmit a first inter-UE synchronization signal block to the first device based on a first beam, wherein the first device can obtain a synchronization signal based on the first inter-UE synchronization signal block, and the first device can transmit a second inter-UE synchronization signal block including the synchronization signal based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal received power greater than or equal to a first threshold associated with the first inter-UE synchronization signal block.

[0228] For example, the second beam could be a beam that does not cover the first beam.

[0229] The various embodiments disclosed herein can be combined with each other.

[0230] The following will describe apparatuses to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0231] The various descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operating procedures described herein can be applied to, but are not limited to, various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0232] The following description will be given in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following drawings / description, unless otherwise described, the same reference numerals may denote the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks.

[0233] Figure 16 A communication system 1 based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 16 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0234] Reference Figure 16 The communication system 1, which applies various embodiments of this disclosure, includes a wireless device, a base station (BS), and a network. Herein, a wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR) or Long Term Evolution (LTE)) and may be referred to as a communication / radio / 5G device. Wireless devices may include, but are not limited to, robots 100a, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2), extended reality (XR) devices 100c, handheld devices 100d, home appliances 100e, Internet of Things (IoT) devices 100f, and artificial intelligence (AI) devices / servers 400. For example, a vehicle may include a vehicle with wireless communication capabilities, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Herein, a vehicle may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). XR devices can include augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) devices and can be implemented in the form of head-mounted displays (HMDs), head-up displays (HUDs) installed in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Handheld devices can include smartphones, smart tablets, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches or smart glasses) and computers (e.g., laptops). Home appliances can include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices can include sensors and smart meters. For example, the BS and network can be implemented as wireless devices, and a particular wireless device 200a can operate as a BS / network node relative to other wireless devices.

[0235] In addition to LTE, NR, and 6G, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may also include narrowband Internet of Things (IoT) for low-power communication. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology and may be implemented as a standard such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the aforementioned names. Alternatively or additionally, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, as an example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN and may be referred to by various names including enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented as at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine-type communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the aforementioned names. Alternatively or additionally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may include at least one of Bluetooth, Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), and ZigBee, which takes into account low power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology may generate personal area networks (PANs) related to low / low power digital communication based on various standards including IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0236] Wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to network 300 via BS 200. AI technology can be applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to AI server 400 via network 300. Network 300 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via BS 200 / network 300, wireless devices 100a to 100f can perform direct communication with each other (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the BS / network. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0237] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, or 150c can be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f / BS 200 or BS200 / BS 200. Here, the wireless communication / connection can be established via various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), or inter-BS communication (e.g., relay, access backhaul integration (IAB)). The wireless devices and BS / wireless devices can transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other via wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b. For example, wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b can transmit / receive signals via various physical channels. For this purpose, at least a portion of various configuration information configuration processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocation processes for transmitting / receiving radio signals can be performed based on various proposals of this disclosure.

[0238] Figure 17 A wireless device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 17 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0239] Reference Figure 17 The first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 can transmit radio signals via various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). In this document, {first wireless device 100 and second wireless device 200} can correspond to... Figure 16 The {Wireless Device 100x and BS200} and / or {Wireless Device 100x and Wireless Device 100x}.

[0240] The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processors 102 may control the memories 104 and / or the transceivers 106, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed herein. For example, the processors 102 may process information in the memories 104 to generate a first information / signal, and then transmit a radio signal including the first information / signal via the transceivers 106. The processors 102 may receive a radio signal including a second information / signal via the transceivers 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the second information / signal in the memories 104. One or more memories 104 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and may store various information relating to the operation of one or more processors 102. For example, one or more memories 104 may store software code including commands for performing part or all of the processing controlled by one or more processors 102 or for performing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. Here, one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). One or more transceivers 106 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. One or more transceivers 106 may be used interchangeably with one or more radio frequency (RF) units. In this disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0241] The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processors 202 may control the memories 204 and / or the transceivers 206, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed herein. For example, the processors 202 may process information in the memories 204 to generate a third message / signal, and subsequently transmit a radio signal including the third message / signal via the transceivers 206. The processors 202 may receive a radio signal including a fourth message / signal via the transceivers 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the fourth message / signal in the memories 204. One or more memories 204 may be connected to one or more processors 202 and may store various information relating to the operation of one or more processors 202. For example, one or more memories 204 may store software code including commands for performing part or all of the processing controlled by one or more processors 202 or for performing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. Here, one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). One or more transceivers 206 may be connected to one or more processors 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. One or more transceivers 206 may be used interchangeably with one or more RF units. In this disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0242] The hardware components of wireless devices 100 and 200 will now be described in more detail. One or more protocol layers may be implemented, but are not limited to, by one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) in accordance with the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information in accordance with the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information, in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document, and provide the generated signals to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206, and acquire PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document.

[0243] One or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and such firmware or software may be configured to include modules, processes, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in one or more memories 104 and 204, thereby being driven by one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operating procedures disclosed in this document can be implemented in software or firmware in the form of code, commands, and / or command sets.

[0244] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202, and may store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be composed of read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located internally and / or externally to one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0245] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the methods and / or operating procedures of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operating procedures disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and may transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational procedures disclosed in this document through one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals for processing using one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the processed user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors 102 and 202. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0246] Figure 18 A signal processing circuit for transmitting signals based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 18 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0247] Reference Figure 18 The signal processing circuit 1000 may include a scrambler 1010, a modulator 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a pre-encoder 1040, a resource mapper 1050, and a signal generator 1060. It can perform... Figure 18 The operation / functions, but not limited to Figure 17The processors (102, 202) and / or transceivers (106, 206) can be used. Figure 17 The processors (102, 202) and / or transceivers (106, 206) are used to implement this. Figure 18 Hardware components. For example, it can be achieved through... Figure 17 The processors (102, 202) are used to implement boxes 1010 to 1060. Alternatively, they can be implemented using... Figure 17 The processors (102, 202) implement boxes 1010 to 1050, and can be used to... Figure 17 The transceivers (106, 206) are used to implement the 1060 box.

[0248] Can be via Figure 18 The signal processing circuit 1000 converts codewords into radio signals. In this document, a codeword is a sequence of encoded bits for an information block. An information block may include a transport block (e.g., a UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). Radio signals can be transmitted via various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH and PDSCH).

[0249] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by scrambler 1010. The scrambling sequence used for scrambling can be generated based on an initial value, which may include the ID information of the wireless device. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by modulator 1020. The modulation scheme may include pi / 2-binary phase shift keying (pi / 2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying (m-PSK), and m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM). The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by layer mapper 1030. The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped (pre-encoded) to (one or more) corresponding antenna ports by pre-encoder 1040. The output z of pre-encoder 1040 can be obtained by multiplying the output y of layer mapper 1030 with N. The M precoding matrix W is obtained by multiplying the two matrices. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. The precoder 1040 can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT) for complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0250] Resource mapper 1050 maps modulation symbols for each antenna port to time-frequency resources. Time-frequency resources may include multiple symbols in the time domain (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. Signal generator 1060 can generate radio signals from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signals can be transmitted to other devices via each antenna. For this purpose, signal generator 1060 may include an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and an up-converter.

[0251] Able to be with Figure 18 The signal processing procedures (1010~1060) are configured in reverse order for the signal processing procedures used to receive signals in a wireless device. For example, a wireless device (e.g., Figure 17 The receiver (e.g., 100, 200) can receive radio signals from the outside via the antenna port / transceiver. The received radio signals can be converted into baseband signals using a signal recovery unit. For this purpose, the signal recovery unit may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Next, the baseband signals can be recovered into codewords through a resource demapping process, a post-encoding process, a demodulation processor, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be recovered into the original information blocks through decoding. Therefore, the signal processing circuitry (not illustrated) used for receiving signals may include a signal recovery unit, a resource demapping unit, a post-encoder, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

[0252] Figure 19 Another example of a wireless device based on an implementation of this disclosure is shown. The wireless device can be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see reference). Figure 16 ). Figure 19 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0253] Reference Figure 19 The wireless devices (100, 200) can correspond to Figure 17 The wireless devices (100, 200) can be configured using various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices (100, 200) may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, and an additional component 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and (one or more) transceivers 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include... Figure 17 One or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204). For example, transceiver 114 may include one or more transceivers. Figure 17The device comprises one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208). The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory 130, and the add-on components 140, and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on programs / code / commands / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit information stored in the memory unit 130 to an external source (e.g., another communication device) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface, or store information received from an external source (e.g., another communication device) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit 130.

[0254] The add-on component 140 can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the add-on component 140 may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit, a drive unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device can be implemented in, but is not limited to, the following forms: robot ( Figure 16 100a), vehicles ( Figure 16 100b-1 and 100b-2), XR device ( Figure 16 100c), handheld device ( Figure 16 100d), home appliances ( Figure 16 100e), IoT devices ( Figure 16 100f), digital broadcasting terminals, holographic devices, public safety devices, MTC devices, medical devices, fintech devices (or financial devices), security devices, climate / environmental devices, AI servers / devices ( Figure 16 400), BS ( Figure 16 (e.g., 200), network nodes, etc. Depending on the use case / service, wireless devices can be used in mobile or fixed locations.

[0255] exist Figure 19In the wireless devices (100, 200), all various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules can be connected to each other via wired interfaces, or at least partially connected wirelessly via communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices (100, 200), control unit 120 and communication unit 110 can be connected via a wired connection, and control unit 120 and first units (e.g., 130, 140) can be wirelessly connected via communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices (100, 200) may also include one or more elements. For example, control unit 120 may be constructed using a collection of one or more processors. As an example, control unit 120 may be constructed using a collection of communication control processors, application processors, electronic control units (ECUs), graphics processing units, and memory control processors. As another example, memory 130 may be constructed using random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or combinations thereof.

[0256] The implementation will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 19 Examples.

[0257] Figure 20 A handheld device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. The handheld device may include a smartphone, smartpad, wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or smart glasses), or portable computer (e.g., a laptop). The handheld device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), user terminal (UT), mobile subscriber station (MSS), subscriber station (SS), advanced mobile station (AMS), or wireless terminal (WT). Figure 20 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0258] Reference Figure 20 The handheld device 100 may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, a power supply unit 140a, an interface unit 140b, and an I / O unit 140c. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to... Figure 19 The frame is 110 to 130 / 140.

[0259] Communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from other wireless devices or BSs. Control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling the constituent elements of handheld device 100. Control unit 120 may include an application processor (AP). Storage unit 130 can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required to drive handheld device 100. Storage unit 130 can store input / output data / information. Power supply unit 140a can supply power to handheld device 100 and includes wired / wireless charging circuitry, battery, etc. Interface unit 140b can support connection of handheld device 100 to other external devices. Interface unit 140b may include various ports for connecting to external devices (e.g., audio I / O ports and video I / O ports). I / O unit 140c can input or output user-input video information / signals, audio information / signals, data and / or information. I / O unit 140c may include a camera, microphone, user input unit, display unit 140d, speaker and / or haptic module.

[0260] For example, in the case of data communication, I / O unit 140c can acquire user input information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, or video), and the acquired information / signals can be stored in storage unit 130. Communication unit 110 can convert the information / signals stored in the memory into radio signals and transmit the converted radio signals directly to other wireless devices or to the BS. Communication unit 110 can receive radio signals from other wireless devices or the BS, and then recover the received radio signals into the original information / signals. The recovered information / signals can be stored in storage unit 130 and can be output in various types (e.g., text, voice, image, video, or haptic feedback) through I / O unit 140.

[0261] Figure 21 Vehicles or autonomous vehicles based on embodiments of this disclosure are shown. Vehicles or autonomous vehicles can be implemented using mobile robots, automobiles, trains, manned / unmanned aerial vehicles (AVs), ships, etc. Figure 21 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0262] Reference Figure 21 The vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a drive unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to... Figure 19 The frame size is 110 / 130 / 140.

[0263] Communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, BS (e.g., gNB and roadside units), and servers. Control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100. Control unit 120 may include electronic control unit (ECU). Drive unit 140a can cause the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to move on the road. Drive unit 140a may include engine, motor, transmission system, wheels, brakes, steering system, etc. Power supply unit 140b can supply power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. Sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status, external environment information, user information, etc. Sensor unit 140c may include inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors, collision sensors, wheel sensors, speed sensors, slope sensors, weight sensors, heading sensors, position modules, vehicle forward / reverse sensors, battery sensors, fuel sensors, tire sensors, steering sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, ultrasonic sensors, lighting sensors, pedal position sensors, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d can implement technologies for maintaining the vehicle's lane, technologies for automatically adjusting speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), technologies for autonomously driving along a defined path, and technologies for automatically setting a path when a destination is set.

[0264] For example, communication unit 110 can receive map data, traffic information data, etc., from an external server. Autonomous driving unit 140d can generate autonomous driving paths and driving plans from the acquired data. Control unit 120 can control drive unit 140a, enabling the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, communication unit 110 can periodically or non-periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and acquire surrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. During autonomous driving, sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status and / or surrounding environment information. Autonomous driving unit 140d can update the autonomous driving path and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. Communication unit 110 can transmit information about vehicle location, autonomous driving path, and / or driving plan to an external server. The external server can predict traffic information data using AI technology, etc., based on information collected from the vehicle or autonomous vehicle, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle.

[0265] The claims in this specification can be combined in various ways. For example, technical features in the method claims can be combined to implement or perform in a device, and technical features in the device claims can be combined to implement or perform in a method. Additionally, technical features in one or more method claims and one or more device claims can be combined to implement or perform in a device.

Claims

1. A method, the method comprising: Based on the first beam, receive the first user equipment (UE) inter-synchronization signal block from the second device; Synchronization information is obtained based on the first UE inter-synchronization signal block; as well as Based on the reference signal received power associated with the first inter-UE synchronization signal block being greater than or equal to a first threshold, a second inter-UE synchronization signal block including the synchronization information is transmitted based on a second beam different from the first beam.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The second beam is a beam that does not cover the first beam.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The overlap ratio between the direction of the second beam and the direction of the first beam is less than or equal to a threshold.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first threshold is configured per carrier based on the reception of the first UE inter-synchronization signal block.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first threshold is configured according to the bandwidth of each portion of the first UE inter-synchronization signal block received.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The second inter-UE synchronization signal block is transmitted based on the reference signal received power associated with the first inter-UE synchronization signal block being greater than or equal to the first threshold and less than or equal to the second threshold.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The second threshold is configured per carrier based on the reception of the first UE inter-synchronization signal block.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The second threshold is configured according to the bandwidth of each portion of the first UE inter-synchronization signal block received.

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The second threshold is a value that is less than or equal to the first threshold.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The second device is a base station or a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS).

11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: It is determined that the second beam will be used to transmit the second UE-to-UE synchronization signal block.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein, Based on the fact that the received power of the reference signal measured according to the third beam corresponding to the second beam is greater than or equal to a second threshold, it is determined that the second beam will be used to transmit the second inter-UE synchronization signal block.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The method is performed by the first device.

14. A first apparatus, the first apparatus comprising: At least one transceiver; At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, Wherein, the instructions are based on being executed by the at least one processor to cause the first device to: Based on the first beam, receive the first user equipment (UE) inter-synchronization signal block from the second device; Synchronization information is obtained based on the first UE inter-synchronization signal block; and Based on the reference signal received power associated with the first inter-UE synchronization signal block being greater than or equal to a first threshold, a second inter-UE synchronization signal block including the synchronization information is transmitted based on a second beam different from the first beam.

15. A processing apparatus suitable for controlling a first device, the processing apparatus comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, Wherein, the instructions are based on being executed by the at least one processor to cause the first device to: Based on the first beam, receive the first user equipment (UE) inter-synchronization signal block from the second device; Synchronization information is obtained based on the first UE inter-synchronization signal block; and Based on the reference signal received power associated with the first inter-UE synchronization signal block being greater than or equal to a first threshold, a second inter-UE synchronization signal block including the synchronization information is transmitted based on a second beam different from the first beam.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for storing instructions, in, The instruction, based on being executed, causes the first device to: Based on the first beam, receive the first user equipment (UE) inter-synchronization signal block from the second device; Synchronization information is obtained based on the first UE inter-synchronization signal block; and Based on the reference signal received power associated with the first inter-UE synchronization signal block being greater than or equal to a first threshold, a second inter-UE synchronization signal block including the synchronization information is transmitted based on a second beam different from the first beam.

17. A method, the method comprising: Based on the first beam, a first user equipment (UE) inter-synchronization signal block is sent to the first device. The synchronization signal is obtained by the first device based on the first UE inter-synchronization signal block, and Wherein, based on the reference signal received power related to the first UE synchronization signal block being greater than or equal to a first threshold, the first device transmits a second UE synchronization signal block including the synchronization signal based on a second beam different from the first beam.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein, The second beam is a beam that does not cover the first beam.

19. A second device, the second device comprising: At least one transceiver; At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The instructions are based on the second device being executed by the at least one processor: Based on the first beam, a first user equipment (UE) inter-synchronization signal block is sent to the first device. The synchronization signal is obtained by the first device based on the first UE inter-synchronization signal block, and Wherein, based on the reference signal received power related to the first UE synchronization signal block being greater than or equal to a first threshold, the first device transmits a second UE synchronization signal block including the synchronization signal based on a second beam different from the first beam.

20. The second apparatus according to claim 19, wherein, The second beam is a beam that does not cover the first beam.

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