Preparation method and preparation system of diesel oil anti-wear agent

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and a preparation system for a diesel oil anti-wear agent, and relates to the technical field of diesel oil anti-wear agents, the preparation system comprises a crystallization kettle, a centrifugal machine and a dehydrator, the crystallization kettle comprises a cylindrical kettle body, a main shaft coaxial with the kettle body is rotatably mounted in the kettle body, and a rectangular stirring frame is fixedly mounted on the main shaft. Square grooves are formed in the two sides of the stirring frame correspondingly, and scraping plates are slidably mounted in the square grooves correspondingly. The scraping plate has a scraping state of being attached to the inner wall of the kettle body and a conventional state of being separated from the inner wall of the kettle body. According to the diesel oil anti-wear agent preparation system, in the stirring crystallization process of raw materials, the mode that a traditional scraper always scrapes the inner wall of a crystallization kettle is abandoned, intermittent scraping is adopted, the speed of the scraper in the scraping process is lower than the speed during normal stirring, and abrasion and heat generation are remarkably reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of diesel anti-wear agent technology, specifically to a method and system for preparing a diesel anti-wear agent. Background Technology

[0002] Diesel anti-wear additives are chemical additives added to diesel fuel to reduce wear on internal parts of the engine fuel system. With environmental regulations requiring reduced sulfur content in diesel fuel, processes such as hydrotreating remove not only sulfides but also naturally occurring polar oxygen-containing compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, and aromatics—components with lubricating properties—leading to a significant decrease in diesel fuel lubricity. Diesel anti-wear additives, by adding polar compounds, form a protective film on metal surfaces, reducing friction and wear.

[0003] The core preparation process of diesel anti-wear additives includes three steps: emulsification and crystallization, centrifugal separation, and dehydration. Emulsification and crystallization involves mixing molten crude fatty acids with a chilled aqueous solution containing surfactants and electrolytes, and stirring at low temperature to form an emulsified slurry. Centrifugal separation involves feeding the slurry into a centrifuge, where density differences are used to efficiently separate the crude fatty acid clear liquid, emulsified solids, and aqueous phase. Dehydration and purification involves washing the crude fatty acid clear liquid with hot water, separating the oil and water, and then feeding it into a thin-film distillation unit to reduce the water content to below 0.03%, yielding the final product. Emulsification and crystallization require a crystallization vessel. Anchor-type and frame-type agitators are used in the crystallization vessel. Anchor-type agitators are generally used in small crystallization vessels; when the crystallization vessel volume is large, the crystallization quality produced by anchor-type agitators is poor. When anchor-type agitators cannot achieve their effect at the vessel wall, frame-type agitators must be used instead. Frame-type agitators, due to their large diameter, can agitate materials on the vessel wall. However, they cannot prevent crystallization on the vessel wall. Accumulated crystals agglomerate into crystalline particles, which, after falling off, mix with the liquid, affecting subsequent centrifugal separation. To reduce crystallization on the vessel wall, existing technologies typically install scrapers that adhere to the vessel wall on the agitator frame. As the agitator frame rotates, the scrapers move relative to the vessel wall, scraping away the crystals. However, in actual use, the scrapers are constantly in contact with the vessel wall, inevitably causing wear and damage to both the vessel wall and the scrapers. Furthermore, the friction between the scrapers and the vessel wall generates heat, which is detrimental to the emulsification and crystallization effect at low temperatures. Therefore, optimizing the emulsification and crystallization process of anti-wear agents to reduce crystallization on the inner wall of the crystallization vessel without causing significant damage to the production equipment is a problem that those skilled in the art need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for preparing a diesel anti-wear agent to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a diesel anti-wear agent preparation system, comprising a crystallization kettle, a centrifuge, and a dehydrator. The crystallization kettle includes a cylindrical kettle body, with a main shaft rotatably mounted inside the kettle body, and a rectangular stirring frame fixedly mounted on the main shaft. Square grooves are provided on both sides of the stirring frame, and scrapers are slidably mounted in each of the square grooves. The scrapers have a scraping state that is in contact with the inner wall of the kettle body, and a conventional state that is separated from the inner wall of the kettle body.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the scraper is provided with an inclined groove, and a frame is slidably installed on the stirring frame in the vertical direction. A circular roller that cooperates with the inclined groove is installed on the frame. An elastic element is connected between the frame and the top of the stirring frame.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sidewall of the scraper is in contact with the stirring frame.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a transmission shaft coaxial with the top of the main shaft is slidably mounted along its axial direction, and a first driven gear and a second driven gear are fixedly mounted on the transmission shaft.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diesel anti-wear agent preparation system further includes a drive motor, on which a first drive gear and a second drive gear are fixedly mounted; when the first drive gear and the first driven gear are in a meshing state, the second drive gear and the second driven gear are in a disengaged state.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a U-shaped control arm is slidably mounted on the top of the crystallization vessel along the main shaft axis. The top of the control arm is sleeved on the transmission shaft and rotates with the transmission shaft, while the bottom of the control arm is in contact with the top of the frame.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drive motor is fixedly mounted on a rigid frame, and a cylinder is fixedly mounted on the rigid frame. The telescopic end of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the control arm.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the height of the square groove is greater than the height of the scraper. When the round roller is in contact with the top of the inclined groove, the scraper can rotate around the axis of the round roller under the action of external force.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, horizontal rollers that fit against the top surface of the scraper are installed on both sides of the stirring frame.

[0014] This invention also provides a method for preparing a diesel anti-wear agent, which is carried out using the above-mentioned diesel anti-wear agent preparation system and includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Inject fatty acids into the crystallization vessel, then inject chilled water, emulsifier, and magnesium sulfate electrolyte into the crystallization vessel. The fatty acids, chilled water, emulsifier, and electrolyte are stirred and dispersed in the crystallization vessel to complete the emulsification and crystallization process.

[0016] Step 2: Transfer the emulsified and crystallized material into a centrifuge, and use the centrifugal action of the centrifuge to separate the crude oleic acid phase, solid acid crystals and water;

[0017] Step 3: The separated crude oleic acid phase is fed into a dehydrator to remove the water from the crude oleic acid. The refined fatty acid after dehydration is the final product of the fatty acid-type anti-wear agent.

[0018] In the above technical solution, the diesel anti-wear agent preparation system provided by the present invention designs the scraper in the crystallization tank to be movable relative to the stirring frame. During normal stirring, the scraper is separated from the inner wall of the crystallization tank, and there is no friction as they do not contact each other. There is no wear between the tank wall and the scraper, and no heat is generated. After the stirring frame rotates a predetermined number of times or for a predetermined time, the scraper moves relative to the stirring frame and comes into contact with the inner wall of the crystallization tank. The rotation speed of the stirring frame also decreases synchronously. In this way, the scraper can scrape the inner wall of the crystallization tank at a lower speed, reducing wear between them. In summary, the diesel anti-wear agent preparation system of the present invention abandons the traditional method of continuously scraping the inner wall of the crystallization tank with a scraper during the stirring and crystallization process. Instead, it adopts intermittent scraping, and the scraper speed during the scraping process is lower than the normal speed, significantly reducing wear and heat generation. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a first three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the diesel anti-wear agent preparation system in the embodiment;

[0021] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a second three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the diesel anti-wear agent preparation system in the embodiment;

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0024] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the third three-dimensional structure of the diesel anti-wear agent preparation system in the embodiment;

[0025] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the main shaft and stirring frame in the embodiment;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic flowchart of the diesel anti-wear agent preparation method in the embodiment.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0029] 1. Crystallization vessel; 101. Vessel body; 102. Main shaft; 103. Stirring frame; 104. Square trough; 105. Scraper; 106. Inclined trough; 107. Frame; 108. Circular roller; 109. Elastic element; 110. Horizontal roller; 2. Centrifuge; 3. Dehydrator; 4. Drive shaft; 5. First driven gear; 6. Second driven gear; 7. Drive motor; 8. First drive gear; 9. Second drive gear; 10. Control arm; 11. Rigid frame; 12. Cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] like Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment provides a diesel anti-wear agent preparation system, including a crystallization kettle 1, a centrifuge 2, and a dehydrator 3. Based on the above diesel anti-wear agent preparation system, this embodiment also provides a diesel anti-wear agent preparation method, including the following steps:

[0032] Step 1: Inject fatty acids into crystallization vessel 1, then inject chilled water, emulsifier and magnesium sulfate electrolyte into crystallization vessel 1. The fatty acids, chilled water, emulsifier and electrolyte are stirred and dispersed in crystallization vessel 1 to complete the emulsification and crystallization process.

[0033] Step 2: Transfer the emulsified and crystallized material into centrifuge 2, and separate the crude oleic acid phase, solid acid crystals and water through the centrifugal action of centrifuge 2;

[0034] Step 3: The separated crude oleic acid phase is fed into the dehydrator 3 to remove the water from the crude oleic acid. The refined fatty acid after dehydration is the final product of the fatty acid type anti-wear agent. The recovered water enters the water storage tank 13 and is recycled.

[0035] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 7As shown, the crystallization vessel 1 includes a cylindrical vessel body 101. A raw material inlet is located at the top of the vessel body 101, and a discharge outlet is located at the bottom. A main shaft 102, coaxial with the main shaft, is rotatably mounted inside the vessel body 101. The main shaft 102 is mounted between the top and bottom surfaces of the vessel body 101 via bearings. A rectangular stirring frame 103 is fixedly mounted on the main shaft 102. The stirring frame 103 is vertical, and its rotation causes the stirring frame 103 to rotate synchronously with it. Square grooves 104 are provided on both sides of the stirring frame 103, and scrapers 105 are slidably mounted in each of these grooves. The sidewalls of the scrapers 105 are in contact with the stirring frame 103, and the height of the square grooves 104 is greater than the height of the scrapers 105. The scrapers 105 have a scraping state where they are in contact with the inner wall of the vessel body 101, and a conventional state where they are separated from the inner wall of the vessel body 101.

[0036] Specifically, in the first step, fatty acids, chilled water, emulsifier, and magnesium sulfate electrolyte are injected into the vessel 101 via a feeding device. Then, an external drive source drives the main shaft 102 and the stirring frame 103 to rotate. The stirring frame 103 stirs the mixed materials in the vessel 101. During the stirring process, the scraper 105 remains stationary relative to the stirring frame 103 and does not adhere to the inner wall of the vessel 101, i.e., the scraper 105 remains in its normal state. After a predetermined number of stirring cycles or a predetermined time, the scraper 105 moves relative to the stirring frame 103 under the action of external force and adheres to the inner wall of the vessel 101, i.e., the scraper 105 enters the scraping state. At the same time, the speed of the main shaft 102 and the stirring frame 103 decreases, and the moving speed of the scraper 105 relative to the inner wall of the vessel 101 also decreases, with the scraper 105 scraping the inner wall of the vessel 101 at a lower speed. In summary, since the crystallization rate of the mixed raw materials on the inner wall of the reactor 101 is limited, large crystal particles will not form in a short time. Therefore, frequent scraping of the inner wall of the reactor 101 is unnecessary during stirring. Thus, the diesel anti-wear agent preparation system in this embodiment designs the scraper 105 to be movable relative to the stirring frame 103. During normal stirring, the scraper 105 does not contact the inner wall of the reactor 101, thus preventing wear and frictional heat generation. Only when scraping of the inner wall of the reactor 101 is required does the scraper 105 come into contact with it, and the moving speed of the scraper 105 is simultaneously reduced to minimize wear and frictional heat generation between the scraper 105 and the inner wall of the reactor 101.

[0037] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the scraper 105 has an inclined groove 106, and a frame 107 is slidably mounted on the stirring frame 103 in the vertical direction. A circular roller 108 that cooperates with the inclined groove 106 is mounted on the frame 107. An elastic element 109 that is always in a compressed state is connected between the frame 107 and the top of the stirring frame 103. The elastic element 109 can be a spring or an elastic telescopic tube. Specifically, in the normal state, the scraper 105 is located in the middle of the square groove 104, that is, there is a gap between the top of the scraper 105 and the top of the square groove 104, and there is a gap between the bottom of the scraper 105 and the bottom of the square groove 104. The frame 107 remains relatively stationary with respect to the stirring frame 103 under the support of the elastic element 109, and the circular roller 108 is in contact with the top of the inclined groove 106. When the frame 107 descends relative to the stirring frame 103 under the action of external force, the elastic element 109 is compressed, and the roller 108 and scraper 105 descend synchronously until the bottom of the scraper 105 is in contact with the bottom of the square groove 104. Subsequently, as the frame 107 and roller 108 continue to descend, the elastic element 109 is further compressed. Since the scraper 105 cannot descend further, an interaction force is generated between the roller 108 and the inclined groove 106, which in turn pushes the scraper 105 to move horizontally relative to the stirring frame 103 until the scraper 105 is in contact with the inner wall of the vessel 101. At this point, the scraper 105 enters the scraping state. After the scraping is completed, the external pressure on the frame 107 decreases. The frame 107 and the roller 108 rise and reset under the rebound action of the elastic element 109. The interaction between the roller 108 and the inclined groove 106 causes the scraper 105 to separate from the inner wall of the vessel body 101. Finally, the frame 107 returns to the initial height, and the scraper 105 also returns to the initial position, that is, returns to the normal state. The roller 108 returns to the state of being in contact with the top of the inclined groove 106 along the inclined groove 106.

[0038] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, a drive shaft 4, coaxial with the main shaft 102, is slidably mounted on the top of the main shaft 102 along its axial direction. When the drive shaft 4 rotates, it drives the main shaft 102, the stirring frame 103, and the scraper 105 to rotate synchronously. A first driven gear 5 and a second driven gear 6 are fixedly mounted on the drive shaft 4. The diesel anti-wear agent preparation system also includes a drive motor 7. A first drive gear 8 and a second drive gear 9 are fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor 7. When the first drive gear 8 and the first driven gear 5 are in a meshing state, the second drive gear 9 and the second driven gear 6 are in a disengaged state. The transmission ratio between the first driven gear 5 and the first drive gear 8 is less than 1, and the transmission ratio between the second drive gear 9 and the second driven gear 6 is greater than 1. A U-shaped control arm 10 is slidably mounted on the top of the crystallization vessel 1 along the axial direction of the main shaft 102. The top of the control arm 10 is sleeved on the drive shaft 4 and rotates with the drive shaft 4. The bottom of the control arm 10 is in contact with the top of the frame 107. The drive motor 7 is fixedly mounted on the rigid frame 11, and a cylinder 12 is fixedly mounted on the rigid frame 11. The end of the telescopic section of the cylinder 12 is fixedly connected to the control arm 10.

[0039] Specifically, in the normal state, the scraper 105 has the control arm 10 at its highest stroke position and the cylinder 12 in a retracted state. The first driven gear 5 and the first drive gear 8 are engaged. When the drive motor 7 drives the first drive gear 8 and the second drive gear 9 to rotate, the first driven gear 5, the second driven gear 6, the transmission shaft 4, and the main shaft 102 rotate at relatively high speeds. When the cylinder 12 extends, causing the control arm 10 to descend, the control arm 10 drives the transmission shaft 4, the first driven gear 5, and the second driven gear 6 to descend synchronously. The first driven gear 5 disengages from the first drive gear 8, while the second driven gear 6 engages with the second drive gear 9. The rotation speed of the transmission shaft 4, the first driven gear 5, the second driven gear 6, and the main shaft 102 slows down. When the control arm 10 descends, it pushes the frame 107 that is in contact with it, applying downward pressure to the frame 107, causing the frame 107 and the roller 108 to descend, thereby switching the state of the scraper 105. In summary, this embodiment utilizes a single power source, cylinder 12, to adjust the rotational speed of the stirring frame 103 and the scraper 105, as well as switch the state of the scraper 105. It should be noted that during the lifting and lowering of the control arm 10, the rotational speed of the output shaft of the drive motor 7 is reduced to ensure proper meshing of the driven gear and the drive gear, preventing gear breakage. Once the lifting and lowering of the control arm 10 is complete, i.e., after the driven gear and drive gear have separated and meshed, the output shaft of the drive motor 7 returns to its normal rotational speed.

[0040] like Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, with the top of the roller 108 in contact with the top of the inclined trough 106, the scraper 105 can rotate around the axis of the roller 108 under the action of external force; horizontal rollers 110 are installed on both sides of the stirring frame 103, which are in contact with the top surface of the scraper 105. The scraper 105 remains vertical in the normal state, and its edge is parallel to the inner wall of the vessel body 101. During the discharge process after stirring, since the mixed liquid after stirring is in a flowing state, a vortex will be formed around the discharge port. The vortex will cause the crystals in the mixed liquid to aggregate, thereby forming crystal particles, which will affect the centrifugation effect in the later stage. In order to solve this problem, in this embodiment, during the discharge process, the cylinder 12 contracts to drive the control arm 10 to break through its stroke high point. The control arm 10 rises, and the elastic element 109 in the compressed state continues to rebound and pushes the frame 107 upward. The frame 107 drives the roller 108 to rise. Because the tops of the circular roller 108 and the inclined trough 106 are in contact, and the top surface of the scraper 105 is in contact with the horizontal roller 110, and the horizontal roller 110 is fixedly connected to the stirring frame 103 and cannot move up and down, the scraper 105 will rotate around the circular roller 108 at a certain angle under the obstruction of the horizontal roller 110. Figure 3 State transition Figure 5 In this state, the inclined scraper 105 enters the area above the discharge port, i.e., contacts the vortex area. Thus, when the mixture tends to form a vortex during discharge, it is blocked by the inclined scraper 105, preventing the formation of a stable vortex and greatly alleviating the problem of crystals agglomerating into particles. In summary, the scraper 105 in this embodiment not only scrapes the inner wall of the vessel 101 during normal operation but also prevents the formation of vortices during discharge.

[0041] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A diesel anti-wear agent preparation system, comprising a crystallization kettle (1), a centrifuge (2), and a dehydrator (3), wherein the crystallization kettle (1) comprises a cylindrical kettle body (101), a main shaft (102) coaxially mounted inside the kettle body (101), and a rectangular stirring frame (103) fixedly mounted on the main shaft (102), characterized in that, The stirring frame (103) has square grooves (104) on both sides, and scrapers (105) are slidably installed in the square grooves (104); the scrapers (105) have a scraping state that is in contact with the inner wall of the vessel body (101), and a normal state that is separated from the inner wall of the vessel body (101).

2. The diesel anti-wear agent preparation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scraper (105) has a groove (106) and a frame (107) is slidably installed on the stirring frame (103) in the vertical direction. A round roller (108) that cooperates with the groove (106) is installed on the frame (107); an elastic element (109) is connected between the frame (107) and the top of the stirring frame (103).

3. The diesel anti-wear agent preparation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sidewall of the scraper (105) is in contact with the stirring frame (103).

4. The diesel anti-wear agent preparation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top of the main shaft (102) is slidably mounted with a transmission shaft (4) coaxial with it, and a first driven gear (5) and a second driven gear (6) are fixedly mounted on the transmission shaft (4).

5. The diesel anti-wear agent preparation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The diesel anti-wear agent preparation system also includes a drive motor (7), on which a first drive gear (8) and a second drive gear (9) are fixedly installed; when the first drive gear (8) and the first driven gear (5) are in a meshing state, the second drive gear (9) and the second driven gear (6) are in a disengaged state.

6. The diesel anti-wear agent preparation system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The crystallizer (1) has a C-shaped control arm (10) that is slidably mounted on the top of the main shaft (102). The top of the control arm (10) is sleeved on the transmission shaft (4) and rotates with the transmission shaft (4). The bottom of the control arm (10) is in contact with the top of the frame (107).

7. The diesel anti-wear agent preparation system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The drive motor (7) is fixedly mounted on the rigid frame (11), and a cylinder (12) is fixedly mounted on the rigid frame (11). The end of the telescopic section of the cylinder (12) is fixedly connected to the control arm (10).

8. The diesel anti-wear agent preparation system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The height of the square groove (104) is greater than the height of the scraper (105). When the top of the roller (108) and the inclined groove (106) are in contact, the scraper (105) can rotate around the axis of the roller (108) under the action of external force.

9. The diesel anti-wear agent preparation system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The stirring frame (103) is equipped with horizontal rollers (110) on both sides that are in contact with the top surface of the scraper (105).

10. A method for preparing a diesel anti-wear agent, characterized in that, The process is completed using the diesel anti-wear agent preparation system as described in any one of claims 1-9, and includes the following steps: Step 1: Inject fatty acids into crystallization vessel (1), then inject chilled water, emulsifier and magnesium sulfate electrolyte into crystallization vessel (1). Fatty acids, chilled water, emulsifier and electrolyte are stirred and dispersed in crystallization vessel (1) to complete the emulsification crystallization process. Step 2: Transfer the emulsified and crystallized material into a centrifuge (2) to separate the crude oleic acid phase, solid acid crystals and water through the centrifugal action of the centrifuge (2); Step 3: The separated crude oleic acid phase is fed into the dehydrator (3) to remove the water from the crude oleic acid. The refined fatty acid after dehydration is the final product of the fatty acid type anti-wear agent.

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