Lightning arrester damping acceleration simulation test and damping diagnosis method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a lightning arrester damping acceleration simulation test and damping diagnosis method and system. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out drying pretreatment and damping simulation on the lightning arrester through an environment simulation platform; running voltage is applied to the damped and simulated lightning arrester through the electrical test platform, and a leakage current signal of the lightning arrester is collected; performing harmonic analysis on the leakage current signal to obtain a harmonic component; calculating a damp state index according to the harmonic component; and determining the damp degree according to the damp state index. According to the invention, the technical effect of improving the safe operation level of the gapless metal oxide arrester can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power transmission and distribution technology, and in particular to an accelerated simulation test of surge arrester moisture absorption and a moisture absorption diagnosis method and system. Background Technology

[0002] Gapless metal oxide surge arresters (hereinafter referred to as surge arresters) are important electrical devices used in power systems to limit atmospheric overvoltages and switching overvoltages. They are widely used in power systems due to their superior protection performance and stable resistor performance. However, because surge arresters are subjected to system voltage for extended periods, the resistors gradually deteriorate. Contamination of the surge arrester housing by rain, snow, condensation, or dust can cause differences in voltage distribution between the internal and external components, resulting in a large potential difference between the resistors and the housing, leading to radial discharge. Poor structural design can result in inadequate sealing, making the resistors susceptible to moisture absorption during operation. Moisture increases leakage current, causing the resistor temperature to rise, resulting in active power loss and thermal collapse. In severe cases, this can lead to arrester damage or explosion, potentially causing widespread power outages.

[0003] To promptly detect the operational status of surge arresters, surge arresters in power plants and substations must undergo relevant tests before the annual rainy season. These tests include insulation resistance testing, voltage at 1 mA DC and leakage current at 0.75µA DC, live-line testing of the total current and resistive current monitor operation counts at operating voltage, and infrared detection. Except for live-line measurements of the total current and resistive current at operating voltage and infrared detection, the remaining tests must be performed after a power outage. Because surge arrester pre-testing requires shutting down the main equipment, it affects the reliability of the equipment. Furthermore, sometimes operational limitations prevent shutting down the main equipment, causing surge arresters to be unable to be pre-tested on time.

[0004] There is currently no effective solution to the problem of inaccurate measurements caused by phase-to-phase interference and harmonics in existing live-line testing methods. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, embodiments of the present invention aim to provide an accelerated simulation test and a method and system for diagnosing moisture in surge arresters, thereby at least resolving the problem of inaccurate measurements caused by phase-to-phase interference and harmonics in existing live-line testing methods.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: This invention provides an accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis system for surge arresters, comprising: an environmental simulation platform, an electrical test platform, and a surge arrester. The environmental simulation platform simulates a drying pretreatment environment and an accelerated moisture absorption environment. The electrical test platform includes: a test transformer, a capacitive voltage divider, a leakage current sampling device, and a host computer. The test transformer is connected to the high-voltage end of the surge arrester and applies a rated voltage to it. The leakage current sampling device is connected to the low-voltage end of the surge arrester and collects leakage current signals. The host computer is communicatively connected to the leakage current sampling device and performs a fast Fourier transform on the collected leakage current signals to extract harmonic components. It calculates moisture state indicators based on the harmonic components and determines the degree of moisture absorption based on these indicators. The surge arrester is placed on the environmental simulation platform, with its low-voltage end grounded. The system uses the electrical test platform to monitor the moisture state of the surge arrester in real time, based on the drying pretreatment environment and accelerated moisture absorption environment simulated by the environmental simulation platform.

[0007] Optionally, the environmental simulation platform includes a drying pretreatment platform and an accelerated moisture absorption test platform, wherein the drying pretreatment platform is used to perform drying pretreatment on the surge arrester; and the accelerated moisture absorption test platform is used to accelerate the moisture absorption of the surge arrester after drying pretreatment.

[0008] Furthermore, optionally, the drying pretreatment platform includes functions for temperature adjustment, humidity adjustment, and timing.

[0009] Optionally, the accelerated moisture absorption test platform includes a constant temperature and humidity chamber, wherein the constant temperature and humidity chamber includes functions for temperature adjustment, humidity adjustment and timing.

[0010] Optionally, the host computer is also used to determine that the surge arrester is in normal condition when the moisture status indicator is in the first preset range; to determine that the surge arrester is in the first moisture level when the moisture status indicator is in the second preset range and to maintain monitoring operation; and to de-energize and replace the surge arrester when the moisture status indicator is in the third preset range and to determine that the surge arrester is in the second moisture level. Wherein, the first moisture level is less than the second moisture level.

[0011] This invention provides an accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis method for surge arresters, applied to an accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis system for surge arresters. The method includes: performing drying pretreatment and moisture simulation on the surge arrester using an environmental simulation platform; applying operating voltage to the simulated moisture-affected surge arrester using an electrical test platform and collecting the leakage current signal of the surge arrester; performing harmonic analysis on the leakage current signal to obtain harmonic components; calculating moisture status indicators based on the harmonic components; and determining the degree of moisture based on the moisture status indicators.

[0012] Optionally, simulating the moisture absorption of the surge arrester through an environmental simulation platform includes: performing a drying pretreatment on the surge arrester; accelerating the moisture absorption of the pretreated surge arrester; wherein, the drying pretreatment on the surge arrester includes: setting a first temperature, a first humidity, and a drying pretreatment time; performing a drying pretreatment on the surge arrester based on the first temperature, the first humidity, and the drying pretreatment time, wherein the drying pretreatment time is determined based on a first preset formula using the diameter and length of the surge arrester's resistor element; The first preset formula includes: (1) Where t1 is the drying pretreatment time, D is the diameter of the resistor element, and L is the length; Accelerating the moisture absorption of the pre-treated surge arrester includes: setting a second temperature, a second humidity, and a moisture absorption time; accelerating the moisture absorption of the pre-treated surge arrester based on the second temperature, the second humidity, and the moisture absorption time, wherein the moisture absorption time is determined by the diameter and length of the surge arrester's resistor element according to a second preset formula. The second preset formula includes: (2) Where t2 is the moisture absorption time, D is the diameter of the resistor element, L is the length, and i is the sample Y. i The i-th surge arrester in the middle.

[0013] Optionally, harmonic components can be obtained by performing harmonic analysis on the leakage current signal, including: analyzing the leakage current signal within the sampling time according to the fast Fourier transform algorithm to obtain multiple harmonic components.

[0014] Further, optionally, the calculation of the moisture condition index based on harmonic components includes: calculating the moisture condition index of the surge arrester by inputting harmonic components according to a preset formula; wherein, the preset formula includes: ; (3) Where Z is the moisture condition index, i is the i-th surge arrester in the surge arrester, and I 3i I 4i I 5i I 6i I 7i I 8i I 9i For the multiple harmonic components of the surge arrester during the sampling time, I 31 I 41 I 51 I 61 I 71 I 81 I 91 This refers to the multiple harmonic components of the reference surge arrester during the sampling time.

[0015] Optionally, determining the degree of moisture based on the moisture status index includes: when the moisture status index is within the first preset range, determining that the surge arrester is in normal condition; when the moisture status index is within the second preset range, determining that the surge arrester is in the first degree of moisture and maintaining monitoring operation; when the moisture status index is within the third preset range, determining that the surge arrester is in the second degree of moisture, de-energizing and replacing the surge arrester; wherein, the first degree of moisture is less than the second degree of moisture.

[0016] This invention provides an accelerated simulation test and a method and system for diagnosing moisture absorption in surge arresters. The surge arrester undergoes drying pretreatment and moisture simulation using an environmental simulation platform; an operating voltage is applied to the simulated moisture-absorbing surge arrester using an electrical testing platform, and leakage current signals are collected; harmonic analysis is performed on the leakage current signals to obtain harmonic components; moisture condition indicators are calculated based on the harmonic components; and the degree of moisture absorption is determined based on the moisture condition indicators. This achieves the technical effect of improving the safe operation level of gapless metal oxide surge arresters. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis system for surge arresters provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2a A schematic diagram of the on-site disassembly of a gapless metal oxide surge arrester in an accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis system for surge arrester moisture absorption, provided as an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2b A schematic diagram of the on-site disassembly of a gapless metal oxide surge arrester in a moisture-induced diagnostic system for another accelerated simulation test of surge arrester moisture absorption provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating an accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis method for a surge arrester, provided as an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and drawings of this invention are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to limit a specific order.

[0020] It should also be noted that the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be executed individually or in combination with each other, and the embodiments of the present invention do not impose specific limitations in this regard.

[0021] This invention provides an accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis system for surge arresters. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis system for surge arresters provided in an embodiment of the present invention; as shown. Figure 1 As shown in the embodiments of this application, the accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis system for surge arresters includes: The system comprises an environmental simulation platform 12, an electrical testing platform 14, and a surge arrester 16. The environmental simulation platform 12 simulates a drying pretreatment environment and an accelerated moisture absorption environment. The electrical testing platform 14 includes a test transformer, a capacitive voltage divider, a leakage current sampling device, and a host computer. The test transformer is connected to the high-voltage end of the surge arrester 16 to apply the rated voltage. The leakage current sampling device is connected to the low-voltage end of the surge arrester 16 to collect the leakage current signal. The host computer is communicatively connected to the leakage current sampling device to perform a fast Fourier transform on the collected leakage current signal to extract harmonic components. It calculates the moisture absorption status index based on the harmonic components and determines the degree of moisture absorption based on the index. The surge arrester 16 is placed on the environmental simulation platform 12, with its low-voltage end grounded. The electrical testing platform 14 monitors the moisture absorption status of the surge arrester 16 in real time based on the drying pretreatment environment and accelerated moisture absorption environment simulated by the environmental simulation platform 12.

[0022] Optionally, the environmental simulation platform 12 includes a drying pretreatment platform and an accelerated moisture absorption test platform, wherein the drying pretreatment platform is used to perform drying pretreatment on the surge arrester 16; and the accelerated moisture absorption test platform is used to accelerate the moisture absorption of the surge arrester 16 after drying pretreatment.

[0023] Furthermore, optionally, the drying pretreatment platform includes functions for temperature adjustment, humidity adjustment, and timing.

[0024] Optionally, the accelerated moisture absorption test platform includes a constant temperature and humidity chamber, wherein the constant temperature and humidity chamber includes functions for temperature adjustment, humidity adjustment and timing.

[0025] Optionally, the host computer is also used to determine that the surge arrester 16 is in normal condition when the moisture status indicator is in the first preset range; to determine that the surge arrester 16 is in the first moisture level when the moisture status indicator is in the second preset range, and to maintain monitoring operation; and to determine that the surge arrester 16 is in the second moisture level when the moisture status indicator is in the third preset range, and to de-energize and replace the surge arrester 16; wherein the first moisture level is less than the second moisture level.

[0026] Specifically, in this embodiment, surge arrester 16 is a gapless metal oxide surge arrester. As the test subject for moisture simulation, a gapless metal oxide surge arrester of the same model manufactured by the same company is used, denoted as Y. i In this application embodiment, there are multiple gapless metal oxide surge arresters, wherein the parameters of the gapless metal oxide surge arrester include: resistor diameter D, rated voltage Ur, and length L; The environmental simulation platform 12 in this embodiment includes: a drying pretreatment platform and an accelerated moisture absorption test platform, wherein... The drying pretreatment platform has functions for temperature adjustment, humidity adjustment, and timing. The accelerated moisture absorption test platform consists of a constant temperature and humidity chamber, which has functions of temperature adjustment, humidity adjustment, and timing.

[0027] Electrical test platform 14 is an AC leakage current test platform, which includes: an insulation platform, a test transformer, a capacitive voltage divider, a leakage current sampling device, and a host computer.

[0028] In this embodiment, the host computer and the leakage current sampling device communicate in real time, and the host computer has a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis function.

[0029] In the accelerated moisture simulation test, the surge arrester 16 was first dried using a drying pretreatment platform, then the pre-dried surge arrester 16 was subjected to accelerated moisture simulation using an accelerated moisture absorption test platform, and finally an AC leakage current test was conducted using an electrical test platform 14, as detailed below: Step 1: Dry the surge arrester 16 for t1 hours at 20 degrees Celsius and 25% relative humidity. t1 hours is calculated according to formula (1).

[0030] (1) Where D is the diameter of the resistor element of surge arrester 16, and L is the length of surge arrester 16, in millimeters.

[0031] Step 2: Under an environment of 50 degrees Celsius and 90% relative humidity, the pre-treated surge arrester 16 is subjected to accelerated moisture absorption for t2 hours. t2 hours is calculated according to formula (2).

[0032] (2) Where D is the diameter of the resistor element of surge arrester 16, L is the length of surge arrester 16, and the units are millimeters. i is the sample Y. i The i-th surge arrester in the middle.

[0033] Step 3: A voltage Ur is applied to the high-voltage terminal of surge arrester 16 using a test transformer, and the voltage value is monitored using a capacitive voltage divider. The low-voltage terminal of surge arrester 16 is grounded, and a leakage current sampling device is connected in the low-voltage terminal circuit. The leakage current sampling device transmits the leakage current signal of the surge arrester to the host computer. In the host computer, after the full-wave current is transformed by FFT, the amplitude values ​​(I3, I4, I5, I6, I7, I8, and I9 harmonics at the 60th second are retained and recorded. 3i I 4i I 5i I 6i I 7i I 8i I 9i ).in,

[0034] Step 4: According to formula (3), substitute the harmonic amplitude (i.e., the harmonic components in the embodiments of this application) and calculate the moisture state index Z of the surge arrester 16.

[0035] (3) It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, I 31 I 41 I 51 I 61 I 71 I 81 I 91 The reference surge arrester is used to measure multiple harmonic components within the sampling time; in this embodiment, the reference surge arrester is only subjected to drying pretreatment.

[0036] Step 5: Determine the current moisture level of surge arrester 16 based on the calculated moisture state index Z. Among other things, like The surge arrester 16 is in normal condition and can operate normally; where (0, 1] is the first preset interval in the embodiment of this application.

[0037] like Surge arrester 16 is slightly damp and needs to be monitored during operation; where (1, 2, 7) is the second preset interval in this application embodiment; slightly damp is the first degree of dampness in this application embodiment.

[0038] like The surge arrester 16 is severely damp and needs to be replaced by power outage; where (2.7, ∞) is the third preset interval in the embodiment of this application; severely damp is the second degree of dampness in the embodiment of this application.

[0039] In summary, the specifications of the gapless metal oxide surge arrester in the moisture simulation experiment of this application embodiment can be: Y20W-200 / 520, Manufacturing Serial Number: 24WZ-220 The resistor element has a diameter D=105mm, a rated voltage Ur=204kV, and a length L=2550mm.

[0040] Experimental data are shown in Table 1 Table 1

[0041] Figure 2 in Table 1 of this application embodiment includes Figure 2a and Figure 2b ,in Figure 2a A schematic diagram of the on-site disassembly of a gapless metal oxide surge arrester in an accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis system for surge arrester moisture absorption, provided as an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2b A schematic diagram of the on-site disassembly of a gapless metal oxide surge arrester in a moisture-induced diagnostic system for another accelerated simulation test of surge arrester moisture absorption provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis system for surge arresters provided in this application have significant engineering practical value for online monitoring and diagnosis of gapless metal oxide surge arresters and for improving the safe operation level of gapless metal oxide surge arresters.

[0042] This invention provides an accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis system for surge arresters. The system performs drying pretreatment and moisture simulation on the surge arrester using an environmental simulation platform; applies operating voltage to the simulated moisture-affected surge arrester using an electrical testing platform and collects the leakage current signal; performs harmonic analysis on the leakage current signal to obtain harmonic components; calculates moisture status indicators based on the harmonic components; and determines the degree of moisture based on the moisture status indicators. This achieves the technical effect of improving the safe operation level of gapless metal oxide surge arresters.

[0043] This invention provides an accelerated simulation test and a moisture diagnosis method for surge arresters. Figure 3This is a flowchart illustrating an accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis method for surge arresters provided in an embodiment of the present invention; as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, applied to Figure 1 In the accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis system for surge arresters shown, the accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis method for surge arresters provided in this application embodiment includes: Step S300: The surge arrester is subjected to drying pretreatment and moisture simulation through an environmental simulation platform; Optionally, step S300, which simulates the moisture absorption of the surge arrester using an environmental simulation platform, includes: performing a drying pretreatment on the surge arrester; and accelerating the moisture absorption of the pretreated surge arrester. The drying pretreatment includes: setting a first temperature, a first humidity, and a drying pretreatment time; performing the drying pretreatment on the surge arrester based on the first temperature, the first humidity, and the drying pretreatment time, wherein the drying pretreatment time is determined based on the diameter and length of the surge arrester's resistor element. Accelerating the moisture absorption of the pretreated surge arrester includes: setting a second temperature, a second humidity, and a moisture absorption time; and accelerating the moisture absorption of the pretreated surge arrester based on the second temperature, the second humidity, and the moisture absorption time, wherein the moisture absorption time is determined based on the diameter and length of the surge arrester's resistor element.

[0044] Specifically, corresponding Figure 1 The environmental simulation platform in the accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis system of the surge arrester shown in the application simulates the moisture of the surge arrester. The first temperature in this embodiment can be 20 degrees Celsius, the first humidity can be 25% relative humidity, and the drying pretreatment time is t1 hours. The drying pretreatment time is calculated by formula (1).

[0045] In this embodiment, the second temperature can be 50 degrees Celsius, the second humidity can be 90%, and the damping time is t2 hours, wherein the damping time is calculated by formula (2).

[0046] Step S302: Apply operating voltage to the simulated surge arrester that is damp using an electrical test platform and collect the leakage current signal of the surge arrester; Step S304: Harmonic components are obtained by performing harmonic analysis on the leakage current signal; Optionally, in step S304, harmonic analysis of the leakage current signal is performed to obtain harmonic components, which includes: analyzing the leakage current signal within the sampling time according to the fast Fourier transform algorithm to obtain multiple harmonic components.

[0047] Specifically, the leakage current signal is received by the host computer, and after FFT transformation, the amplitude values ​​of the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th harmonics at the 60th second are retained and recorded (I0). 3i I 4i I 5iI 6i I 7i I 8i I 9i (i.e., the harmonic components in the embodiments of this application).

[0048] Step S306: Calculate the moisture status index based on harmonic components; Optionally, step S306, which calculates the moisture state index based on harmonic components, includes: inputting harmonic components according to a preset formula to calculate the moisture state index of the surge arrester; wherein the preset formula includes: (3) Where Z is the moisture condition index, i is the i-th surge arrester in the surge arrester, and I 3i I 4i I 5i I 6i I 7i I 8i I 9i For the multiple harmonic components I of the surge arrester during the sampling time 31 I 41 I 51 I 61 I 71 I 81 I 91 The reference surge arrester is used to measure multiple harmonic components within the sampling time; in this embodiment, the reference surge arrester is only subjected to drying pretreatment.

[0049] Step S308: Determine the degree of moisture based on the moisture status index.

[0050] Optionally, determining the degree of moisture based on the moisture status index in step S308 includes: when the moisture status index is within the first preset range, determining that the surge arrester is in normal condition; when the moisture status index is within the second preset range, determining that the surge arrester is in the first degree of moisture and maintaining monitoring operation; when the moisture status index is within the third preset range, determining that the surge arrester is in the second degree of moisture, de-energizing the surge arrester and replacing it; wherein, the first degree of moisture is less than the second degree of moisture.

[0051] Specifically, in this embodiment of the application, determining the degree of moisture based on the moisture status index includes: like The surge arrester 16 is in normal condition and can operate normally; where (0, 1] is the first preset interval in the embodiment of this application.

[0052] like Surge arrester 16 is slightly damp and needs to be monitored during operation; where (1, 2, 7) is the second preset interval in this application embodiment; slightly damp is the first degree of dampness in this application embodiment.

[0053] like The surge arrester 16 is severely damp and needs to be replaced by power outage; where (2.7, ∞) is the third preset interval in the embodiment of this application; severely damp is the second degree of dampness in the embodiment of this application.

[0054] This invention provides an accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis method for surge arresters. The method involves using an environmental simulation platform to perform drying pretreatment and moisture simulation on the surge arrester; applying operating voltage to the simulated moisture-affected surge arrester using an electrical testing platform and collecting the leakage current signal; performing harmonic analysis on the leakage current signal to obtain harmonic components; calculating the moisture status index based on the harmonic components; and determining the degree of moisture based on the moisture status index. This achieves the technical effect of improving the safe operation level of gapless metal oxide surge arresters.

[0055] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis system for surge arresters, characterized in that, include: Environmental simulation platform, electrical testing platform and surge arrester, among which, The environmental simulation platform is used to simulate the drying pretreatment environment and the accelerated moisture absorption environment; The electrical test platform includes: a test transformer, a capacitive voltage divider, a leakage current sampling device, and a host computer; wherein... The test transformer is connected to the high-voltage terminal of the surge arrester and is used to apply the rated voltage to the high-voltage terminal of the surge arrester. The leakage current sampling device is connected to the low-voltage end of the surge arrester and is used to collect the leakage current signal of the surge arrester. The host computer is communicatively connected to the leakage current sampling device and is used to perform fast Fourier transform on the collected leakage current signal to extract harmonic components; calculate the moisture status index based on the harmonic components, and determine the degree of moisture based on the moisture status index. The surge arrester is placed on the environmental simulation platform, with its low-voltage end grounded. It is used to monitor the moisture status of the surge arrester in real time through the electrical test platform, based on the drying pretreatment environment and the accelerated moisture absorption environment simulated by the environmental simulation platform.

2. The accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis system for surge arresters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental simulation platform includes: a drying pretreatment platform and an accelerated moisture absorption test platform, wherein... The drying pretreatment platform is used to perform drying pretreatment on the surge arrester; The accelerated moisture absorption test platform is used to accelerate the moisture absorption of the surge arrester after it has undergone drying pretreatment.

3. The accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis system for surge arresters according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drying pretreatment platform includes functions for temperature adjustment, humidity adjustment, and timing.

4. The accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis system for surge arresters according to claim 2, characterized in that, The accelerated moisture absorption test platform includes a constant temperature and humidity chamber, wherein the constant temperature and humidity chamber includes functions for temperature adjustment, humidity adjustment, and timing.

5. The accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis system for surge arresters according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The host computer is further configured to: determine that the surge arrester is in normal condition when the moisture status indicator is in the first preset range; determine that the surge arrester is in a first degree of moisture when the moisture status indicator is in the second preset range and maintain monitoring operation; and determine that the surge arrester is in a second degree of moisture when the moisture status indicator is in the third preset range, de-energize the surge arrester and replace it; wherein the first degree of moisture is less than the second degree of moisture.

6. An accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis method for surge arresters, characterized in that, Accelerated simulation testing and moisture diagnosis systems for surge arresters include: The lightning arrester was pre-treated for drying and subjected to moisture simulation using an environmental simulation platform. An operating voltage was applied to the surge arrester simulating moisture using an electrical testing platform, and the leakage current signal of the surge arrester was collected. Harmonic components are obtained by performing harmonic analysis on the leakage current signal; The moisture state index is calculated based on the harmonic components. The degree of moisture is determined based on the aforementioned moisture status indicators.

7. The accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis method for surge arresters according to claim 6, characterized in that, The simulation of moisture absorption in surge arresters using an environmental simulation platform includes: The surge arrester is subjected to a drying pretreatment; The surge arrester, after drying pretreatment, is subjected to accelerated moisture absorption; The drying pretreatment of the surge arrester includes: setting a first temperature, a first humidity, and a drying pretreatment time; and performing a drying pretreatment on the surge arrester according to the first temperature, the first humidity, and the drying pretreatment time, wherein the drying pretreatment time is determined by the diameter and length of the surge arrester resistor element according to a first preset formula. The first preset formula includes: ；（1） Where t1 is the drying pretreatment time, D is the diameter of the resistor element, and L is the length; The accelerated moisture absorption of the pre-treated surge arrester includes: setting a second temperature, a second humidity, and a moisture absorption time; accelerating the moisture absorption of the pre-treated surge arrester according to the second temperature, the second humidity, and the moisture absorption time, wherein the moisture absorption time is determined by the diameter and length of the surge arrester resistor element according to a second preset formula; The second preset formula includes: ；（2） Where t2 is the moisture absorption time, D is the diameter of the resistor element, L is the length, and i is the sample Y. i The i-th surge arrester in the middle.

8. The accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis method for surge arresters according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step of obtaining harmonic components by performing harmonic analysis on the leakage current signal includes: The leakage current signal within the sampling time is analyzed using the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm to obtain multiple harmonic components.

9. The accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis method for surge arresters according to claim 6 or 8, characterized in that, The calculation of the moisture state index based on the harmonic components includes: The harmonic components are input according to a preset formula for calculation to obtain the moisture state index of the surge arrester; wherein, the preset formula includes: ；（3） Where Z is the moisture condition index, i is the i-th surge arrester in the surge arrester, and I 3i I 4i I 5i I 6i I 7i I 8i I 9i For the multiple harmonic components of the surge arrester during the sampling time, I 31 I 41 I 51 I 61 I 71 I 81 I 91 This refers to the multiple harmonic components of the reference surge arrester during the sampling time.

10. The accelerated simulation test and moisture diagnosis method for surge arresters according to claim 9, characterized in that, Determining the degree of moisture based on the moisture status index includes: When the moisture status index is within the first preset range, the surge arrester is determined to be in normal condition. When the moisture status index is within the second preset range, the state of the surge arrester is determined to be the first degree of moisture, and monitoring is maintained. When the moisture status index is within the third preset range, the state of the surge arrester is determined to be the second degree of moisture, and the surge arrester is de-energized and replaced. The degree of moisture in the first case is less than the degree of moisture in the second case.

Images