Anti-overload detection protection circuit, mainboard and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides an anti-overload detection protection circuit, a mainboard and electronic equipment. The circuit comprises an overload detection unit, a voltage stabilization unit and a signal feedback interface, wherein the voltage stabilization unit and the signal feedback interface are connected with the overload detection unit; wherein the input end of the voltage stabilizing unit is used for being connected with the output voltage end of a charger, and the output end of the voltage stabilizing unit is connected with the first input end of the overload detection unit; the second input end of the overload detection unit is connected with the output voltage end of the charger, and the output end of the overload detection unit is connected with the signal feedback interface; the voltage stabilizing unit is used for stabilizing the output voltage of the charger as reference voltage; the overload detection unit is used for outputting a high level when the difference value between the reference voltage and the output voltage is greater than or equal to a set threshold value; when the difference value is smaller than a set threshold value, a low level is output; and the signal feedback interface is used for transmitting a power consumption overload signal to the electronic equipment when the overload detection unit outputs the high level so as to control the power supply loop of the electronic equipment to be disconnected. The circuit gives consideration to both safety and user experience.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of circuit design technology, and in particular to an overload detection and protection circuit, a motherboard, and electronic equipment. Background Technology

[0002] During the operation of high-power electronic devices such as gaming PCs, high-performance workstations, or industrial-grade computers, system power consumption can rise instantaneously or continuously due to user operations (such as running large games, 3D rendering, or AI training) or hardware malfunctions (such as poor heat dissipation or voltage fluctuations). These electronic devices typically rely on high-power chargers, but chargers themselves have maximum output power limitations. When the system is overloaded or its power consumption exceeds the charger's capacity, a software-triggered overload protection mechanism is triggered, forcibly cutting off power or reducing the charger's output voltage to prevent damage.

[0003] However, existing charger overload protection mechanisms are prone to damaging hardware such as the device motherboard and charger due to continuous high power consumption, resulting in poor safety. Furthermore, after the system is powered off, users need to manually plug and unplug the charger and then manually trigger the power button of the electronic device to restore normal use. This is not only time-consuming but also prone to user misjudgment, affecting the user experience.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new overload detection and protection solution that balances safety and user experience. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an overload detection and protection circuit, a motherboard, and an electronic device to achieve a balance between safety and user experience.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides an overload detection and protection circuit, comprising: an overload detection unit, a voltage regulator unit connected to the overload detection unit, and a signal feedback interface; wherein...

[0007] The input terminal of the voltage regulator unit is connected to the output voltage terminal of the charger, and the output terminal of the voltage regulator unit is connected to the first input terminal of the overload detection unit.

[0008] The overload detection unit also includes a second input terminal and an output terminal. The second input terminal is used to connect to the output voltage terminal of the charger, and the output terminal is connected to the signal feedback interface.

[0009] The voltage regulator unit is used to stabilize the charger's output voltage to a reference voltage.

[0010] The overload detection unit outputs a high level when the difference between the reference voltage and the output voltage is greater than or equal to a set threshold, and outputs a low level when the difference is less than the set threshold.

[0011] The signal feedback interface is used to transmit a power consumption overload signal to the electronic device when the overload detection unit outputs a high level, so as to control the power supply circuit of the electronic device to be disconnected.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the voltage regulator unit includes: a first resistor, a second resistor, a capacitor, and a Zener diode;

[0013] The first end of the first resistor serves as the input terminal of the voltage regulator unit; the second end of the first resistor, the first end of the second resistor, the positive terminal of the capacitor, and the cathode terminal of the Zener diode are connected together, and the common terminal serves as the output terminal of the voltage regulator unit, which is used to connect to the first input terminal of the overload detection unit. The common terminal is also used to connect to the positive power supply terminal of the overload detection unit.

[0014] The second terminal of the second resistor, the negative terminal of the capacitor, and the anode terminal of the Zener diode are all grounded.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the Zener diode is a Zener diode.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the overload detection unit includes: a third resistor, a fourth resistor, and an operational amplifier;

[0017] The first end of the third resistor serves as the second input terminal of the overload detection unit, which is used to connect to the output voltage terminal of the charger.

[0018] The second end of the third resistor and the first end of the fourth resistor are connected together, and the common connection is connected to the inverting input of the operational amplifier;

[0019] The non-inverting input of the operational amplifier serves as the first input of the overload detection unit;

[0020] The positive power supply terminal of the operational amplifier is used as the positive power supply terminal of the overload detection unit, and the positive power supply terminal is connected to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier.

[0021] The negative power supply terminal of the operational amplifier serves as the negative power supply terminal of the overload detection unit, and the negative power supply terminal is grounded.

[0022] The output of the operational amplifier serves as the output of the overload detection unit and is used to connect to the signal feedback interface.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the overload detection and protection circuit further includes: a control unit, the input terminal of which is connected to a signal feedback interface, and the output terminal of which is used to connect to a power supply circuit;

[0024] The control unit is used to disconnect the power supply circuit when it receives a signal that the power consumption is about to be overloaded.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the control unit includes multiple relay contacts arranged in parallel, which open and close synchronously via a mechanical linkage mechanism.

[0026] In one possible implementation, multiple relay contacts are made of a silver alloy.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the signal feedback interface includes a USB interface.

[0028] Secondly, this application provides a motherboard including the overload detection and protection circuit of the first aspect.

[0029] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device, including: an overload detection and protection circuit as described in the first aspect, or an electronic device including a motherboard as described in the second aspect.

[0030] The overload detection and protection circuit, motherboard, and electronic device provided in this application include an overload detection unit, a voltage regulator unit connected to the overload detection unit, and a signal feedback interface. The input terminal of the voltage regulator unit is connected to the output voltage terminal of the charger, and the output terminal of the voltage regulator unit is connected to the first input terminal of the overload detection unit. The overload detection unit also includes a second input terminal and an output terminal. The second input terminal is connected to the output voltage terminal of the charger, and the output terminal is connected to the signal feedback interface. The voltage regulator unit stabilizes the output voltage of the charger to a reference voltage. The overload detection unit outputs a high level when the difference between the reference voltage and the output voltage is greater than or equal to a set threshold, and outputs a low level when the difference is less than the set threshold. The signal feedback interface transmits an overload signal (i.e., power consumption is about to exceed the limit) to the electronic device when the overload detection unit outputs a high level, thereby controlling the power supply circuit of the electronic device to disconnect. This application establishes a rapid response mechanism at the hardware level, preceding the charger's protection action, to achieve proactive and forward-looking overload detection and protection. Specifically, it monitors the charger's load in real time and proactively outputs an impending power overload signal to cut off power in advance. This prevents the electronic device's motherboard from burning out critical components due to continuous high power consumption, significantly reducing the risk of hardware damage. By cutting off power in advance, the frequency of the charger triggering its protection mechanism due to overload is also reduced, extending the charger's lifespan. Furthermore, the hardware-level overload protection solution is independent of the electronic device's operating system, overcoming the problems of protection lag or failure caused by system crashes, freezes, or software monitoring failures. This ensures reliable and effective protection under any system state, further enhancing safety. After the overload protection is triggered, the electronic device can resume operation through normal operation (such as pressing the power button). Users do not need to unplug and plug the charger for a physical reset, simplifying the fault recovery process, reducing misoperation and waiting time, and improving product usability and user experience. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0032] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overload detection and protection circuit provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 1 ;

[0033] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the overload detection and protection circuit provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 2 ;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the motherboard structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0035] The accompanying drawings have illustrated specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to specific embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0036] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0037] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "fixation," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the connection within two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0038] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0039] In the above description, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0040] In the operation of high-power electronic devices such as gaming PCs, high-performance workstations, or industrial computers, when the system power consumption exceeds the power supply capacity of its compatible charger, the charger may trigger an overload protection mechanism to forcibly cut off power to prevent damage. However, existing technologies lack hardware-level automatic overload detection circuits. On the one hand, if the electronic device has already crashed or frozen due to overload, the software monitoring function will fail, and the software will be unable to execute protection commands. This could lead to the system burning out the motherboard, capacitors, or other critical components due to continuous high power consumption under overload conditions, or even causing safety hazards (such as short circuits or fires). On the other hand, the overload protection mechanism of the charger is usually achieved by reducing the output voltage or completely cutting off power. However, after power is cut off, the user must manually unplug and plug in the charger and restart the device to restore power. This process is not only time-consuming but also prone to user misjudgment (such as mistakenly believing that the device is damaged), seriously affecting the user experience. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a hardware protection circuit that can monitor the power consumption status in real time and actively cut off the power supply before overload, so as to balance device safety and user operation convenience.

[0041] To address the aforementioned technical issues, the overload protection solution provided in this application achieves hardware-level active protection by real-time monitoring of the charger's output voltage change trend, rather than relying on software or the charger's passive protection mechanism. This allows the protection action to be completed before the charger triggers overload protection, preventing motherboard damage and simplifying the user's operation process.

[0042] The technical solution of this application and how the technical solution of this application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments. The embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overload detection and protection circuit provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 1 ,like Figure 1As shown, the overload detection and protection circuit 10 includes: an overload detection unit 11, a voltage regulator unit 12 connected to the overload detection unit 11, and a signal feedback interface 13; wherein,

[0044] The input terminal of the voltage regulator unit 12 is used to connect to the output voltage terminal of the charger, and the output terminal of the voltage regulator unit 12 is connected to the first input terminal of the overload detection unit 11.

[0045] The overload detection unit 11 also includes a second input terminal and an output terminal. The second input terminal is used to connect to the output voltage terminal of the charger, and the output terminal is connected to the signal feedback interface 13.

[0046] The voltage regulator unit 12 is used to stabilize the output voltage of the charger to a reference voltage;

[0047] The overload detection unit 11 is used to output a high level when the difference between the reference voltage and the output voltage is greater than or equal to a set threshold, and to output a low level when the difference is less than the set threshold.

[0048] The signal feedback interface 13 is used to transmit a power consumption overload signal to the electronic device when the overload detection unit outputs a high level, so as to control the power supply circuit of the electronic device to be disconnected.

[0049] It should be noted that the overload detection and protection circuit 10 in this embodiment is applied between the charger and the electronic device. The input of the overload detection and protection circuit 10 is connected to the output voltage terminal of the charger, i.e., the positive output terminal of the charger; the input terminal of the voltage regulator unit 12 serves as the input terminal of the overload detection and protection circuit 10, and is used to connect to the output voltage of the charger; the output terminal of the voltage regulator unit 12 serves as the first input terminal of the overload detection unit 11; the second input terminal of the overload detection unit 11 is also connected to the output voltage terminal of the charger, i.e., the positive output terminal of the charger; the output terminal of the overload detection unit 11 is connected to the signal feedback interface 13; the signal feedback interface 13 is connected to the corresponding communication pin of the electronic device.

[0050] Understandably, this overload detection and protection circuit 10 is based on voltage drop monitoring to indirectly and quickly detect load overload. Specifically, when the power consumption (current) of the electronic device increases abnormally, due to the impedance of the charger's output wires, interfaces, and internal circuitry, its output voltage will experience a significant instantaneous drop. In other words, when the power consumption of the electronic device system increases instantaneously or gradually, the charger voltage will decrease as the power consumption increases.

[0051] For example, voltage regulator 12 generates a stable and load-independent reference voltage (denoted as Vref) based on the real-time output voltage fluctuations of the charger (denoted as Vout). For instance, the output of voltage regulator 12 provides a stable 3.3V reference voltage and supplies the reference voltage to overload detection unit 11. Voltage regulator 12 is implemented, for example, by a low-dropout linear regulator or a Zener diode circuit.

[0052] The overload detection unit 11 continuously compares the stable reference voltage Vref connected to its first input terminal with the real-time output voltage Vout connected to its second input terminal. When the power consumption of the electronic device is normal, the difference between the reference voltage Vref and the real-time output voltage Vout is extremely small (less than a set threshold), and the overload detection unit 11 outputs a low level, indicating no overload. When the device's operating current increases sharply due to a fault or abnormality (the electronic device's power consumption is about to be overloaded), the charger load increases accordingly, and the real-time output voltage Vout drops instantly. At this time, the difference between Vref and Vout increases rapidly. Once this difference is greater than or equal to the set threshold, the overload detection unit 11 outputs a high-level overload trigger signal (i.e., a power consumption overload signal).

[0053] The preset threshold is a parameter determined in hardware by the voltage divider ratio between the reference voltage provided by the voltage regulator and the internal resistors of the circuit. For example, the overload detection unit consists of a voltage comparator and a threshold setting circuit. The threshold setting circuit includes voltage divider resistors. Assuming the charger normally outputs 5V, after the voltage regulator stabilizes the 5V, the output Vref is 2.5V. The 5V normally output by the charger, after being divided by the voltage divider resistors, reaches the inverting input of the voltage comparator at 2.6V (corresponding to Vout being 5V). The voltage comparator determines that 2.5V is less than 2.6V and outputs a low level. When the device is about to overload, causing Vout to drop from 5V to 4V, the voltage at the inverting input of the voltage comparator drops to 2.2V. At this point, the voltage comparator determines that 2.5V is greater than 2.2V and flips to output a high level. In summary, the preset threshold is the difference between the output voltage and the reference voltage when the comparator is at its critical flip point.

[0054] The high-level signal output by the overload detection unit 11 is transmitted to the main control chip or power management chip of the electronic device through the signal feedback interface 13. After receiving this hardware signal that "power consumption is about to be overloaded", the electronic device will immediately and actively cut off its internal main power supply circuit, thereby completing the protection action before the overload current damages its own motherboard components or charger.

[0055] For example, a signal feedback interface is a physical interface used to pass control signals (power consumption overload signals) to an electronic device system, such as a USB interface or a GPIO interface.

[0056] Optionally, the power consumption overload signal can be directly or through a drive circuit to control a MOSFET switch to quickly cut off the main power supply path, achieving dual protection.

[0057] This application embodiment establishes a rapid response mechanism at the hardware level that precedes the charger's protection action, achieving proactive and forward-looking overload detection and protection. Specifically, it monitors the charger's load in real time and proactively outputs an impending power overload signal to cut off power in advance. This prevents the electronic device's motherboard from burning out critical components due to continuous high power consumption, significantly reducing the risk of hardware damage. By cutting off power in advance, the frequency of the charger triggering its protection mechanism due to overload is also reduced, extending the charger's lifespan. Furthermore, the hardware-level overload protection scheme is independent of the electronic device's operating system, overcoming the problems of protection lag or failure caused by system crashes, freezes, or software monitoring failures. This ensures reliable and effective protection under any system state, further enhancing safety. After the overload protection is triggered, the electronic device can resume operation through normal operation (such as pressing the power button). Users do not need to unplug and plug the charger for a physical reset, simplifying the fault recovery process, reducing misoperation and waiting time, and improving product usability and user experience.

[0058] Next, combined Figure 2 The voltage stabilizing unit in the overload detection and protection circuit of this application embodiment will be described by way of example.

[0059] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the overload detection and protection circuit provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 2 ,like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the voltage regulator unit 12 includes: a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a capacitor C1, and a Zener diode ESD1; the first end of the first resistor R1 serves as the input terminal of the voltage regulator unit; the second end of the first resistor R1, the first end of the second resistor R2, the positive terminal of the capacitor C1, and the cathode terminal of the Zener diode ESD1 are connected together, and the common terminal serves as the output terminal of the voltage regulator unit, used to connect to the first input terminal of the overload detection unit, and the common terminal is also used to connect to the positive power supply terminal +VS of the overload detection unit; the second end of the second resistor R2, the negative terminal of the capacitor C1, and the anode terminal of the Zener diode ESD1 are all grounded.

[0060] As shown in the figure, the first terminal of the first resistor R1 serves as the input terminal of the voltage regulator unit, used to connect to the positive terminal of the charger's output voltage (marked as +VADP in the figure). The common terminal formed by the second terminal of the first resistor R1, the first terminal of the second resistor R2, the positive terminal of capacitor C1, and the cathode of the Zener diode ESD1 has a dual function: it serves not only as a reference voltage source, providing a stable reference voltage Vref to the first input terminal of the overload detection unit (such as a voltage comparator); but also as a power supply, providing power to the positive power supply terminal +VS of the overload detection unit (such as a comparator chip).

[0061] This voltage regulator unit employs a topology combining resistor-based voltage reduction and current limiting with parallel voltage regulation, based on the reverse breakdown characteristics of a Zener diode. The Zener diode can be a transient voltage suppressor diode, a Zener diode array (e.g., integrating two or more Zener diodes into a single package), or a Zener diode, etc. The Zener diode can also be replaced with a low-dropout linear regulator. It should be noted that, depending on different performance requirements, cost budgets, and design goals, the Zener diode in this embodiment can be replaced or combined with various other devices.

[0062] The first resistor R1 limits the current from the charger to a safe range, preventing excessive current from damaging subsequent circuits (especially ESD1 and C1). It also creates a voltage drop across R1. The Zener diode ESD1 is connected in reverse parallel between the output terminal and ground. When the voltage at the cathode is lower than the nominal Zener diode's voltage regulation value, ESD1 is in a cutoff or slightly conducting state, and the current mainly flows to the load (the second resistor R2 and subsequent circuits). When the voltage at the cathode is higher than the nominal Zener diode's voltage regulation value, ESD1 breaks down in reverse, entering the voltage regulation operating region. At this point, ESD1 clamps the voltage at its cathode to its stable threshold voltage, thus forming a stable reference voltage Vref. The second resistor R2 acts as a minimum load resistor or bias resistor, providing the necessary minimum operating current for ESD1, ensuring stable operation in the breakdown region under no-load or light-load conditions and maintaining voltage accuracy. Capacitor C1 acts as a filter and energy storage capacitor, filtering out high-frequency noise and ripple from the input power supply +VADP. When the load current changes instantaneously, capacitor C1 can quickly provide or absorb current to maintain the instantaneous stability of the voltage at the common terminal (formed by the second terminal of the first resistor R1, the first terminal of the second resistor R2, the positive terminal of capacitor C1, and the negative terminal of the Zener diode ESD1).

[0063] In this embodiment, the output terminal of the voltage regulator unit is designed to connect to the first input terminal of the overload detection unit, and also to connect to the positive power supply terminal of the overload detection unit. That is, by using four basic passive components (R1, R2, C1, ESD1), the two major functions of generating a stable reference voltage and supplying power to the overload detection unit are realized, simplifying the circuit topology, reducing material costs, and significantly reducing the PCB board area occupied, which is conducive to the miniaturization design of the product.

[0064] In some embodiments, the Zener diode is a Zener diode.

[0065] Next, combined Figure 2 The overload detection unit in the overload protection circuit of this application embodiment will be described by way of example.

[0066] Still Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the overload detection unit 11 includes: a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, and an operational amplifier U1; the first end of the third resistor R3 serves as the second input terminal of the overload detection unit, used to connect to the output voltage terminal of the charger; the second end of the third resistor R3 and the first end of the fourth resistor R4 are connected together, and the common connection terminal is connected to the inverting input IN- of the operational amplifier U1; the non-inverting input IN+ of the operational amplifier U1 serves as the first input terminal of the overload detection unit; the positive power supply terminal +VS of the operational amplifier U1 serves as the positive power supply terminal of the overload detection unit, and the positive power supply terminal +VS is connected together with the non-inverting input IN+ of the operational amplifier U1; the negative power supply terminal -VS of the operational amplifier U1 serves as the negative power supply terminal of the overload detection unit, and the negative power supply terminal -VS is grounded; the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1 serves as the output terminal of the overload detection unit, used to connect to the signal feedback interface 13.

[0067] As shown in the figure, the first terminal of the third resistor R3 serves as the second input terminal of the overload detection unit 11, used to connect to the output voltage terminal of the charger (marked as +VADP in the figure). The non-inverting terminal IN+ of operational amplifier U1 serves as the first input terminal of the overload detection unit 11, used to connect to the output terminal of the voltage regulator unit 12, receiving a stable reference voltage Vref. The positive power supply terminal +VS of operational amplifier U1 is shared with the output terminal of the voltage regulator unit 12, indicating that the overload detection unit 11 is directly powered by the stable reference voltage provided by the preceding stage, simplifying the design and ensuring the purity of the power supply. The negative power supply terminal -VS of operational amplifier U1 is directly grounded, indicating that the overload detection and protection circuit adopts a single power supply mode. The output terminal OUT of operational amplifier U1 serves as the output terminal of the overload detection unit 11, connected to the signal feedback interface 13.

[0068] In this embodiment, based on the deep negative feedback of the operational amplifier, the comparison threshold (preset threshold) of the overload detection unit is determined by the ratio of the high-precision resistors (R3, R4) and the stable reference voltage Vref, and is not affected by the open-loop gain of the operational amplifier itself or the input offset voltage within a reasonable range, thereby improving the overload detection accuracy. The operational amplifier has a high slew rate and bandwidth, and can respond to the rapid drop in the charger output voltage within microseconds and output a switching signal to achieve real-time protection, effectively suppressing the damage that may be caused by instantaneous surge current.

[0069] In some embodiments, the overload detection and protection circuit further includes: a control unit, the input of which is connected to a signal feedback interface, and the output of which is connected to a power supply circuit; the control unit is used to control the power supply circuit to disconnect when it receives a power consumption overload signal.

[0070] It should be understood that the control unit, which is used to convert logic-level warning signals into physical on / off control of the power supply circuit of electronic devices, should ensure that it can quickly and reliably cut off the power supply upon receiving an instruction (power consumption is about to be overloaded).

[0071] For example, under normal power consumption conditions, the control unit does not receive an impending power overload signal, or receives a low-level signal. A low-level signal indicates that the power consumption is within the normal range, and the control unit closes the power supply circuit. When the upstream circuit detects an impending power overload, the control unit receives an impending power overload signal, or receives a high-level signal. A high-level signal indicates that the power consumption is about to overload. At this time, the logic or drive circuit inside the control unit is activated, controlling the power supply circuit to disconnect. For example, the control unit includes a power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (PMOS) or a relay. Taking a power PMOS as an example, when the impending power overload signal arrives, the gate voltage of the PMOS transistor is pulled high (relative to the source), causing the PMOS transistor to turn off, thereby cutting off the power supply. Taking a relay as an example, when the impending power overload signal arrives, it drives the relay coil to engage, causing its normally closed contacts to open, cutting off the power supply.

[0072] Optionally, the control circuit can be designed as a self-locking (latch-up) type, that is, once triggered, it remains in a power-off state even if the power consumption is about to be overloaded and the signal disappears, to prevent repeated switching on and off when the fault has not been eliminated.

[0073] In this embodiment, a control unit is introduced as the final executor of the entire overload protection chain, converting logic signals into reliable physical actions. It seamlessly integrates with the overload detection unit, voltage regulator unit, and signal feedback interface in the preceding circuitry, forming a closed-loop hardware protection system from monitoring to judgment and then to execution.

[0074] In some embodiments, the control unit includes multiple relay contacts arranged in parallel, which open and close synchronously through a mechanical linkage mechanism.

[0075] Among them, the mechanical linkage mechanism is a mechanical structure used to synchronously control the actions of multiple components, such as a gear set or a lever arm. Multiple relay contacts are not limited to a two-contact or three-contact configuration.

[0076] For example, the gear set is fixedly connected to the drive rod of multiple relay contacts. The gear set evenly transmits the driving power of the relay coil to the drive rod of multiple relay contacts, ensuring that all contacts open and close synchronously.

[0077] For example, multiple parallel relay contacts are connected to the power supply circuit of the electronic device's motherboard. A mechanical linkage mechanism ensures that all contacts open synchronously when the relay coil is energized, preventing power-off protection from being achieved through other relay contacts even if a single relay contact fails (e.g., due to poor soldering or oxidation). The mechanical linkage mechanism synchronizes the opening and closing actions of multiple relay contacts, preventing temporary short circuits in the power supply circuit caused by asynchronous relay contact actions.

[0078] This application embodiment introduces a multi-level contact redundancy design. This design significantly reduces the risk of power failure due to a single relay contact failure, ensuring stable operation even under extreme conditions (such as high temperature and high humidity) and improving the reliability of circuit breaking operations. The synchronous opening and closing mechanism avoids brief short circuits or arcs caused by asynchronous relay contact actions, further ensuring the safety of the motherboard power supply circuit.

[0079] In some embodiments, multiple relay contacts are made of silver alloy.

[0080] Among them, silver alloy material is a conductive material with silver as the main component and other metallic elements added, such as silver-nickel alloy. Relay contacts made of silver alloy material have lower resistance and higher temperature resistance in high-frequency power-off operations, reducing relay contact wear and heat generation.

[0081] In this embodiment, the high conductivity and high temperature resistance of the silver alloy contacts extend the service life of the relay contacts and improve the long-term stability of the overload detection and protection circuit.

[0082] In some embodiments, the signal feedback interface includes a USB interface.

[0083] For example, the output of the overload detection unit is connected to a specific pin of the USB interface, and the input of the control unit inside the electronic device is also connected to the corresponding pin on its internal USB control logic or dedicated GPIO.

[0084] In summary, this application achieves real-time monitoring and proactive power-off protection of overload conditions through hardware circuitry, overcoming the dual shortcomings of software monitoring lag and passive protection mechanisms in related technologies, and realizing proactive protection at the hardware level. Specifically, it proactively cuts off the power supply before the charger triggers overload protection, preventing the electronic device's motherboard from burning out critical components such as capacitors, resistors, and MOSFETs due to continuous high power consumption, thus improving safety. Users can restore power through normal operations (such as pressing the power button) without unplugging the charger, reducing misoperation and waiting time, and improving user experience. The protection circuit is constructed using general-purpose components (zener diodes, operational amplifiers, relays, etc.), which are inexpensive and easy to mass-produce.

[0085] Next, this application also provides a motherboard, such as Figure 3 As shown in the embodiments of this application, the motherboard provided includes the overload detection and protection circuit described in the above embodiments.

[0086] For example, the overload detection protection circuitry is laid out and soldered onto a functional area on the motherboard printed circuit board, such as between the power interface and the input pins of the motherboard's power management unit. The motherboard has an external power interface, such as a USB Type-C connector, with a specific pin used to receive power from the charger.

[0087] This application also provides an electronic device, including the overload detection and protection circuit in the above embodiments, or the electronic device includes the motherboard in the above embodiments.

[0088] For example, electronic devices are not limited to smartphones, laptops, desktop computers, industrial computers, high-performance workstations, etc.

[0089] Finally, it should be noted that other embodiments of this application will readily conceive of by those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the application disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein, and is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and alterations may be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An overload detection and protection circuit, characterized in that, include: An overload detection unit, a voltage regulator unit connected to the overload detection unit, and a signal feedback interface; wherein... The input terminal of the voltage regulator unit is used to connect to the output voltage terminal of the charger, and the output terminal of the voltage regulator unit is connected to the first input terminal of the overload detection unit. The overload detection unit further includes a second input terminal and an output terminal. The second input terminal is used to connect to the output voltage terminal of the charger, and the output terminal is connected to the signal feedback interface. The voltage regulator unit is used to stabilize the output voltage of the charger to a reference voltage; The overload detection unit is configured to output a high level when the difference between the reference voltage and the output voltage is greater than or equal to a set threshold, and output a low level when the difference is less than the set threshold. The signal feedback interface is used to transmit a power consumption overload signal to the electronic device when the overload detection unit outputs a high level, so as to control the power supply circuit of the electronic device to be disconnected.

2. The overload detection and protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage regulator unit includes: a first resistor, a second resistor, a capacitor, and a Zener diode; The first end of the first resistor serves as the input terminal of the voltage regulator unit; the second end of the first resistor, the first end of the second resistor, the positive terminal of the capacitor, and the cathode terminal of the Zener diode are connected together, and the common terminal serves as the output terminal of the voltage regulator unit, which is used to connect to the first input terminal of the overload detection unit. The common terminal is also used to connect to the positive power supply terminal of the overload detection unit. The second terminal of the second resistor, the negative terminal of the capacitor, and the anode terminal of the Zener diode are all grounded.

3. The overload detection and protection circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The Zener diode is a Zener diode.

4. The overload detection and protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overload detection unit includes: a third resistor, a fourth resistor, and an operational amplifier; The first end of the third resistor serves as the second input end of the overload detection unit, and is used to connect to the output voltage end of the charger; The second end of the third resistor and the first end of the fourth resistor are connected together, and the common connection is connected to the inverting input of the operational amplifier; The non-inverting input of the operational amplifier serves as the first input of the overload detection unit; The positive power supply terminal of the operational amplifier serves as the positive power supply terminal of the overload detection unit, and the positive power supply terminal is connected to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier. The negative power supply terminal of the operational amplifier serves as the negative power supply terminal of the overload detection unit, and the negative power supply terminal is grounded. The output terminal of the operational amplifier serves as the output terminal of the overload detection unit and is used to connect to the signal feedback interface.

5. The overload detection and protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Also includes: The control unit has an input terminal connected to the signal feedback interface and an output terminal connected to the power supply circuit. The control unit is used to control the power supply circuit to disconnect when it receives a power consumption overload signal.

6. The overload detection and protection circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control unit includes multiple relay contacts arranged in parallel, which open and close synchronously through a mechanical linkage mechanism.

7. The overload detection and protection circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The multiple relay contacts are made of silver alloy.

8. The overload detection and protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The signal feedback interface includes a USB interface.

9. A motherboard, characterized in that, It includes the overload detection and protection circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes an overload detection and protection circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, or the electronic device includes a motherboard as described in claim 9.

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