Underground steel plate lining construction system and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of compressed air energy storage engineering pressure steel linings, in particular to an underground steel plate lining construction system and method, through cooperation of a fixed roller carrier, a displacement sensor and a control system, the forming quality of a steel lining large joint is improved, the transportation size limitation of the steel lining large joint is broken through through a transportation trolley, and the construction efficiency is improved. A steel lining large joint formed by at least five single steel lining pipe joints is installed and welded through the large joint installing and welding station, and is transported to a to-be-installed position in the main cavern through the transport trolley for installation and welding of installation circular seams, so that the number of the installation circular seams which must be completed in the to-be-installed position in the main cavern and are difficult to control in quality is greatly reduced; the welding quality and integrality of the large steel lining structure are improved, the in-hole installation construction process is simplified, the steel lining large-section procedure circulation is reduced, the installation efficiency is remarkably improved, the construction period is shortened, and the safety risk and comprehensive construction cost caused by in-hole high-strength welding operation are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pressure steel lining in compressed air energy storage engineering, and particularly to an underground steel plate lining construction system and construction method. Background Technology

[0002] In water conservancy and hydropower projects, pumped storage, water conveyance tunnels, and large underground caverns, steel plate lining is widely used in critical tunnel sections with high internal pressure, high flow velocity, or strict requirements on lining structure due to its advantages such as high strength, good impermeability, and reliable forming quality.

[0003] Traditional steel plate lining construction methods typically involve rolling and welding steel plates into individual "sections" (the length of which is usually limited by transportation dimensions, typically 2-3 meters) at a factory or on-site processing plant. These sections are then transported to the installation location inside the underground tunnel, and multiple "sections" are connected one by one to form the designed steel plate lining segment through circumferential welding. This method has the following inherent limitations:

[0004] 1. Transportation conditions limit segment size: Due to limitations in transportation channel size, tunnel cross-section size, and hoisting equipment capacity, the size of prefabricated steel lining segments (especially length) is strictly constrained, resulting in a large number of circumferential joints during on-site installation.

[0005] 2. Poor conditions for manual welding operations inside the tunnel: The tunnel environment is humid, the space is small, and the ventilation and lighting are poor. A large number of high-requirement installation circumferential joints are manually welded on site, which makes it difficult to control the stability of welding quality. Defects such as deformation, porosity, and lack of fusion are easy to occur, and inspection and repair are inconvenient.

[0006] 3. Complex construction procedures and long cycle: Each section requires multiple procedures such as hoisting, adjustment, reinforcement, welding, and testing. The circumferential welding work is huge, resulting in low construction efficiency and extended construction period.

[0007] 4. Limited structural integrity: Excessive on-site manual welding of circumferential joints weakens the integrity and continuity of the lining, potentially becoming a weak link in structural stress and seepage prevention.

[0008] 5. High safety and cost pressures: Long-term, multi-position high-altitude and high-temperature welding operations inside the tunnel increase safety risks; at the same time, the costs of labor, equipment occupation and management are high.

[0009] Chinese invention patent application CN119910281A discloses a steel lining installation system and method for annular main tunnels. The system involves transporting tiles to a welding assembly device for welding into single steel lining pipe sections. Two multi-functional trolleys (one active, one passive) are then moved to the bottom of the welding assembly device to unload the welded single steel lining pipe section. These sections are then lifted and transported by the two trolleys to the large section welding station, awaiting welding with the next steel lining pipe section. The welding assembly device then proceeds to weld the next single steel lining pipe section... After the first steel liner pipe section is welded, two additional multi-functional trolleys are used to transport the second steel liner pipe section to the large section welding station. There, it is assembled with the previously welded single steel liner pipe section. The inter-segment circumferential seam is then tack welded to temporarily secure the two sections. An automatic submerged arc welding device is installed on the top outer side of the steel liner pipe section. This device automatically welds the outer circumferential seam between the pipe sections. After the outer circumferential seam welding is completed, the automatic submerged arc welding device is removed and reinstalled on the steel liner pipe section. On the inner bottom side, the inner circumferential seam between the automatic welding pipe sections can be welded first, followed by the outer circumferential seam. After two single steel-lined pipe sections are welded together to form a large steel-lined section, they can be further welded together with subsequent single steel-lined pipe sections to form an even longer large steel-lined section. In this scheme, up to four single steel-lined pipe sections can be welded together to form a large straight section, or up to three single steel-lined pipe sections can be welded together to form a large curved section. This scheme solves the above five problems to a certain extent, but it is still difficult to overcome the installation difficulties. The problem of a large number of circumferential seams requires a solution that increases the number and length of individual steel lining pipe sections within a single installation of a large steel lining section. However, assembling multiple individual steel lining pipe sections into an ultra-long large steel lining section (for example, in cases of hundreds or even thousands of tons, the length of the large steel lining section could reach tens of meters, far exceeding the four individual steel lining pipe sections achievable in a typical annular main tunnel steel lining installation system and method) is extremely difficult due to the limitations of the multi-functional trolley itself. The specific reasons are as follows: When using a multi-functional trolley to weld single steel lining pipe sections into longer steel lining sections, and to transport these sections to the installation location inside the tunnel, the large weight and length of the steel lining sections, coupled with the fact that each multi-functional trolley only has two rollers for support, result in limited welding drive capability and an inability to ensure uniform force distribution on each roller. In engineering applications, when the pipe section is too heavy, the rollers cannot guarantee uniform force distribution, leading to frequent damage to the welding drive motors and reducers on the excessively stressed rollers, increasing equipment maintenance costs and affecting the overall construction progress. When the steel lining pipe has a large diameter and a thin wall thickness, the multi-functional trolley, with only a single roller supporting the pipe wall on each side, has a small force-bearing area, making it prone to plastic deformation at the roller support points, which is difficult to recover and affects the installation accuracy and safety of the steel lining. Furthermore, rolling during assembly and welding can easily cause movement, resulting in uneven force distribution on the rollers, making the steel lining sections and the multi-functional trolley itself susceptible to damage.

[0010] For the reasons mentioned above, it is difficult to further increase the length of the steel lining section installed in a single installation of a ring-shaped main tunnel steel lining system and method. This leads to the core problems of a large number of circumferential welds installed inside the tunnel, a large amount of welding work, difficulty in quality control, low efficiency, and poor overall integrity. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing annular main tunnel steel lining installation systems and methods, which make it difficult to further increase the length of the steel lining section installed in a single operation, resulting in a large number of circumferential welds inside the tunnel, a large amount of welding work, difficulty in quality control, low efficiency, and poor overall integrity. This invention provides an underground steel plate lining construction system and method.

[0012] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an underground steel plate lining construction system, comprising at least one in-tunnel workshop, each in-tunnel workshop comprising: a tile transfer station, a single-section welding station, a large-section welding station, and a large-section transport station; the tile transfer station is located within a construction adit and is used to transfer tiles to the single-section welding station; the single-section welding station is located within a main tunnel and close to the construction adit, and is used to assemble the tiles into single steel lining pipe sections; the large-section welding station is located within the main tunnel and close to the single-section welding station, and is capable of welding four or more single steel lining pipe sections into a large steel lining section; the large-section transport station is located within the main tunnel and close to the large-section welding station, and is used to transport the welded large steel lining section to an installation position within the main tunnel for installation; the underground steel plate lining construction system also includes a control system. The large-section welding station includes several fixed roller frames and a multi-functional trolley. The multi-functional trolley can move within the range of the single-section welding station, the large-section welding station, and the area in between. The multi-functional trolley can transport single steel liner sections from the single-section welding station to the large-section welding station. All the fixed roller frames are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel. Each fixed roller frame includes fixed support arms fixed to both sides of the main tunnel. The distance between the two fixed support arms is greater than the lateral length of the multi-functional trolley within the main tunnel. The fixed support arms on both sides of each fixed roller frame are arranged opposite each other. Each fixed support arm is equipped with two sets of rollers, the rollers being axially aligned with the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel. The four sets of rollers on each fixed roller frame are located on the same cross-section of the main tunnel and are adapted to support steel liner sections. At least one of the rollers on the fixed roller frame is connected to a driver, which drives the roller to rotate axially. The support height of the rollers can be raised or lowered. At least one fixed roller frame is equipped with a displacement sensor at the position of the outer stiffening ring of the steel liner section it supports above. The displacement sensor can measure the distance along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel between the fixed roller frame and the outer stiffening ring of the adjacent steel liner section. The control system can receive the distance measured by the displacement sensor between the fixed roller frame and the outer stiffening ring of the adjacent steel liner section along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel, and determine whether it is necessary to raise or lower the support height of the roller. The large section transportation station includes several transportation trolleys. The top of the two sides of each transportation trolley is provided with support beams that are horizontally arranged along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel. The top surface of the support beams is adapted to support the outer side of the outer stiffening ring of the steel-lined large section.

[0013] Preferably, the fixed support arm includes a bottom support, a middle hinged seat, an upper self-adaptive seat, and two sets of rollers arranged from bottom to top. The side of the middle hinged seat near the center of the main tunnel is hinged to the top of the bottom support via a first hinge shaft, the axis of which is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel. The side of the middle hinged seat near the sidewall of the main tunnel and the side of the bottom support near the sidewall of the main tunnel are connected by a hydraulic cylinder. The upper end of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the bottom of the middle hinged seat via a second hinge shaft, and the lower end is hinged to the top of the bottom support via a third hinge shaft, the axis of which is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel. The bottom of the upper self-adaptive seat is hinged to the top of the middle hinged seat via a fourth hinge shaft, the axis of which is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel. The two sets of rollers are rolled on the upper self-adaptive seat. The extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder can raise or lower the support height of the roller.

[0014] Preferably, along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel, the distance between the furthest sides of at least one pair of adjacent fixed support rollers is less than or equal to the length of a single steel liner section, such that the two ends of a single steel liner section are flush with or extend beyond the furthest sides of the adjacent two fixed support rollers.

[0015] Preferably, the displacement sensor is located on the side of the first fixed roller frame away from the single-section welding station, which is close to the single-section welding station.

[0016] Preferably, the transport trolley includes a base, with wheels underneath the base, and support beams are respectively hinged to the upper sides of the base via a fifth hinge axis, the axis of which is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the main hole; the base and the support beams are also hinged together by a lifting drive device, which is used to drive the support beams to adjust their pitch angle relative to the base around the fifth hinge axis.

[0017] Preferably, pads are spaced apart along the length of the support beam above it, and the pads on the support beam on both sides of the lateral side are used to fit and support the bottom of the steel lining section on both sides of the lateral side.

[0018] Preferably, a temporary support is provided between the single-section welding station and the large-section welding station. The temporary support is located near the first fixed roller frame and is used to temporarily store the single steel liner pipe section.

[0019] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for underground steel plate lining construction, which uses the aforementioned underground steel plate lining construction system for the main tunnel steel plate lining construction, including the following steps: S1: Steel-lined roof tiles are transported from outside the tunnel through the construction adit to the tile transfer station inside the construction adit; S2: Transfer the tile to the single-section welding station; S3: Use the single-section welding station to weld the tiles into a single steel liner section; S4: Use at least two multi-functional trolleys to lift and transport a single steel liner section to a fixed roller frame at the large section welding station, waiting to be welded with the next single steel liner section. S5: After the next single steel liner section is welded, the next single steel liner section is transported to the large section welding station using a multi-functional trolley and assembled with the previously welded steel liner section. Then, the inter-section circumferential seam of the steel liner section is spot welded to temporarily fix it and form a new large steel liner section. S6: Install the automatic submerged arc welding device on the top outer side of the large steel liner section. Drive the rollers along its axial direction through the driver to rotate the temporarily fixed large steel liner section. Use the automatic submerged arc welding device to automatically weld the outer circumferential seam of the large steel liner section to be welded. After the outer circumferential seam is welded, remove the automatic submerged arc welding device and reinstall it on the bottom inner side of the large steel liner section to automatically weld the inner circumferential seam of the large steel liner section to be welded. Alternatively, remove the automatic submerged arc welding device and reinstall it on the bottom inner side of the large steel liner section. Drive the rollers along its axial direction through the driver to rotate the temporarily fixed large steel liner section. Use the automatic submerged arc welding device to automatically weld the inner circumferential seam of the large steel liner section to be welded. After the inner circumferential seam is welded, remove the automatic submerged arc welding device and reinstall it on the top outer side of the large steel liner section to automatically weld the outer circumferential seam of the large steel liner section to be welded. When the drive roller rotates along its axial direction, causing the temporarily fixed large steel liner section to rotate, the displacement sensor measures the distance between the fixed roller frame and the outer stiffening ring of the temporarily fixed large steel liner section along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel in real time and transmits it to the control system. The control system determines in real time whether the distance is within the threshold range. If the control system determines that the distance is not within the threshold range, the support height of the roller needs to be raised or lowered until the control system determines that the distance is within the threshold range in real time. S7: Repeat steps S5-S6 until the final required steel lining section is formed by welding at the large section assembly welding station. The steel lining section is formed by welding at least 5 single steel lining pipe sections together. S8: Move the transport trolley at the large section transport station to the bottom of the steel lining large section at the large section welding station, so that the top surfaces of the support beams on both sides of the transport trolley are adapted to the outer sides of the outer stiffening ring supporting the steel lining large section. Then, use the transport trolley to lift and transport the steel lining large section to the installation position in the main tunnel, lift and align the steel lining large section for installation and welding of the circumferential seam. S9: The steel lining sections welded at the large section welding station are repeatedly transported to the installation position in the main tunnel using a transport trolley for installation and welding of the circumferential seams. S10: When the steel lining is installed in the workshop inside the tunnel, the equipment in the main tunnel is removed, and then manual adjustments are made to complete the installation of the entire underground steel plate lining.

[0020] Preferably, the displacement sensor is disposed on the side of the first fixed roller frame away from the single-section welding station, which is close to the single-section welding station; Between steps S5 and S6, after spot welding the inter-segment circumferential seam of the steel liner section to temporarily fix it and form a new large steel liner section, the temporarily fixed large steel liner section is moved by a multi-functional trolley to a position where the initial distance between one of the stiffening rings of the single steel liner section to be assembled and welded and the displacement sensor is a fixed preset value L.

[0021] Preferably, a temporary support is provided between the single-section welding station and the large-section welding station. The temporary support is located near the first fixed roller frame and is used to temporarily store the single steel liner pipe section. After the tiles are assembled into a single steel liner section using the single-section welding station in step S3, if the large steel liner section in step S6 is still being rolled welded, the single steel liner section is transported to a temporary support for storage.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Compared to existing technologies that use multi-functional trolleys to weld four or fewer single steel lining pipe sections into a large steel lining section, this invention provides an underground steel plate lining construction system. The large section welding station uses a fixed roller frame. Because the fixed roller frame has two sets of rollers supporting the steel lining pipe sections on both sides of the lateral direction, the force-bearing area is increased, and the force on each roller is reduced. This prevents the large steel lining pipe section from undergoing plastic deformation during roll welding and avoids damage to the drive unit (drive motor and reducer, etc.) due to excessive force. The rollers on both sides of the fixed roller frame are independent structures, which can easily adjust the lateral span, making the steel lining pipe section more stable during roll welding and also adaptable to steel linings of different diameters. By installing a displacement sensor at least one fixed roller frame facing the outer stiffening ring of the steel liner section supported above, the distance between the fixed roller frame and the outer stiffening ring of the adjacent steel liner section along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel is measured. The control system can receive the distance measured by the displacement sensor between the fixed roller frame and the outer stiffening ring of the adjacent steel liner section along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel, and determine whether the support height of the roller needs to be raised or lowered. By raising or lowering the support height of the roller, the smoothness of the steel liner section during the roll welding process is adjusted, thereby improving the quality of the formed steel liner section. This enables the assembly and welding of more than 4 individual steel liner sections to meet the quality requirements of the steel liner section. Furthermore, to prevent plastic deformation of the steel lining sections during transport from the transport station to the installation position, a transport trolley was used for transporting the steel lining sections. The support point for transport was changed from single-point support with rollers to support with stiffening rings supported by support beams, increasing the contact area and changing the stress-bearing part of the steel lining section (support with stiffening rings). This reduced stress concentration and met the transport conditions for steel lining sections with more than four individual steel lining pipe sections. It broke through the size limitation of steel lining section transport, which increased the length of steel lining sections installed in a single operation. This significantly reduced the number of installation circumferential seams that must be welded at the installation position inside the main tunnel, and improved the welding quality and integrity of the large steel lining structure.

[0023] 2. This invention provides a method for constructing underground steel plate linings. Through the coordination of a fixed roller frame, displacement sensors, and a control system, it improves the forming quality of large steel lining sections. By using a transport trolley, it overcomes the size limitations of transporting large steel lining sections, enabling the assembly of at least five individual steel lining pipe sections at a large section welding station. These sections are then transported by the transport trolley to their installation location within the main tunnel for installation and welding of the circumferential seams. This significantly reduces the number of difficult-to-control installation circumferential seams that must be completed within the confined space of the main tunnel, improving the welding quality and integrity of large steel lining structures. Furthermore, it simplifies the installation process within the tunnel, reduces the number of repetitive steps in the large steel lining section process, significantly improves installation efficiency, shortens the construction period, and reduces the safety risks and overall construction costs associated with high-intensity welding operations within the tunnel. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic plan of an underground gas storage chamber for a certain project; Figure 2 An elevation view of the fixed roller frame used to transport the first single steel liner section to the welding station of the large section when the construction adit is located at the end of the gas storage cavern. Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of circle A in the middle; Figure 4An elevation view of the second single-section steel liner pipe section being temporarily fixed to the first single-section steel liner pipe section by joint welding when it is transported to the large section assembly welding station to form a new large section steel liner pipe section; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the first and second single-section steel liner pipe sections being rolled during spot welding for temporary fixation. Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified view of a portion of circle B in the middle; Figure 7 This is an elevation view of the second single-section steel liner pipe being transported to the welding station of the main section. Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing how to roll weld the first, second, and third single-section steel liner pipe sections to form a large steel liner section; Figure 9 A schematic diagram showing how a large steel lining section, formed by three single steel lining pipe sections, is transported to its installation location inside the main tunnel using a transport trolley. Figure 10 A schematic diagram showing the simultaneous rolling welding, transportation, and installation of the steel lining section; Figure 11 This is an elevation view of the fourth single steel liner section being transported to the welding station of the main section. Figure 12 This is an elevation view of the fifth single-section steel liner pipe being transported to the welding station of the main section; Figure 13 This is an elevation view of the sixth single-section steel liner pipe being transported to the welding station of the main section. Figure 14 This is an elevation view of the seventh single-section steel liner pipe being transported to the welding station of the main section. Figure 15 This is an elevation view of the eighth single-section steel liner pipe being transported to the welding station of the main section. Figure 16 A schematic diagram showing how to transport a large steel lining section, consisting of eight single steel lining pipe sections, to its installation location inside the main tunnel using a transport trolley. Figure 17 A schematic diagram showing the simultaneous welding of the steel lining sections during installation; Figure 18 A schematic diagram of a transport trolley; Figure 19 A schematic diagram of the horizontal elevation of the transport trolley for transporting the large steel lining section; Figure 20 for Figure 19 A magnified view of a portion of the area circled in middle C; Figure 21 A longitudinal elevation diagram of the transport trolley transporting the large steel lining section; Figure 22 for Figure 21 A magnified view of a portion of the area circled in the middle, D. Figure 23 This is a construction diagram of one side of the construction adit located in the middle of the gas storage chamber; Figure 24 for Figure 23 Sectional view at point AA; Figure 25 for Figure 23 Sectional view at point BB; Figure 26 for Figure 25 A magnified view of a portion of circle E in the middle; Figure 27 for Figure 23 Sectional view at CC; Figure 28 for Figure 27 A magnified view of the area at point F in the middle circle; Figure 29 This is a schematic diagram of the working status of the transport trolley; Figure 30 for Figure 29 A magnified view of a portion within the middle circle G; Figure 31 This is a construction diagram of the other side when the construction adit is located in the middle of the gas storage chamber; Figure 32 This is a schematic diagram of a fixed outrigger.

[0025] Markings in the diagram: 11. Main tunnel; 111. Track; 12. Construction adit; 2. Enlargement section; 3. Tile; 4. Rounding machine; 5. Multi-functional trolley; 6. Fixed support arm; 601. Installation foundation; 602. Connecting beam; 61. Roller; 62. Bottom support; 623. First hinge shaft; 626. Third hinge shaft; 63. Middle hinge seat; 634. Fourth hinge shaft; 636. Second hinge shaft; 64. Upper self-adaptive seat; 6 5. Driver; 6. Hydraulic cylinder; 7. Transport trolley; 71. Base; 72. Traveling wheels; 721. Travel drive device; 73. Support beam; 731. Fifth hinge shaft; 732. Sixth hinge shaft; 74. Pad block; 75. Lifting drive device; 81. Single steel-lined pipe section; 811. Stiffening ring; 812. External weld between sections; 82. Large steel-lined section; 83. Installed steel lining; 9. Distance sensor; 10. Temporary support. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0027] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "inner," and "outer," etc., used in the description of specific embodiments of the present invention to indicate orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product / equipment / device is usually placed during use. These terms are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present invention or simplifying the description in specific embodiments, and for enabling those skilled in the art to quickly understand the solution, and do not indicate or imply that a particular device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0028] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," "parallel," and "coaxial" does not imply that the corresponding device / component / element must be absolutely horizontal, vertical, suspended, parallel, or coaxial. Slight tilt or deviation is permissible, as long as it does not affect the normal function of the relevant component. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," not that the structure must be perfectly horizontal; a slight tilt is acceptable. "Coaxial" means that two components are arranged as coaxially as possible, allowing them to move coaxially or approximately coaxially when their relative positions change. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding device / component / element, when arranged in "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," "parallel," or "coaxial" directions, can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction, more preferably within ±8%, more preferably within ±6%, more preferably within ±5%, and more preferably within ±4%. For example, the deviation in the "coaxial" direction is controlled within 0.2-1mm, preferably within 0.2-0.5mm. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its function in the solution of the present invention.

[0029] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and "third" in terminology is merely for distinguishing descriptions of identical or similar components and should not be interpreted as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of a particular component.

[0030] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "more than", and "a number of" represent at least two. The number can be any number, such as two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine, and can even exceed nine.

[0031] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified / limited / restricted, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," "link," "provided with," "laid out," and "arranged" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to connection methods commonly used in the art, such as welding, riveting, bolting, and threaded connections. Such connections can be mechanical, electrical, or communication connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.

[0032] Example 1 When excavating a steel-lined underground cavern, a construction adit 12 is typically constructed to connect with the main underground cavern 11 as a construction passage. There are two common locations for the construction adit 12: one is where it is excavated in the middle of the underground cavern, such as... Figure 23 As shown, another type is where construction adit 12 is excavated at the end of the underground cavern, such as... Figures 2-17 As shown. Figures 1-32 As shown, this embodiment provides an underground steel plate lining construction system, mainly for steel plate lining construction of straight tunnel sections, including at least one in-tunnel workshop. Each in-tunnel workshop includes: a tile transfer station, a single-section welding station, a large-section welding station, and a large-section transportation station. Single-section storage stations are arranged according to project needs.

[0033] The tile transfer station is located inside the construction adit 12 and at the intersection with the main tunnel 11, behind the single-section welding station. This station mainly completes the unloading and transfer of tiles 3. It is mainly equipped with one tile transfer trolley or two multi-functional trolleys 5 to transfer tiles 3 to the single-section welding station. Both the tile transfer trolley and the multi-functional trolleys 5 can adopt existing structures. The single-section welding station is located inside the main tunnel 11 and close to the construction branch tunnel 12. It is used to assemble the tiles 3 into single steel lining pipe sections 81. The single-section welding station is equipped with a steel pipe welding device disclosed in Chinese invention patent application CN104308413A, namely a rounding machine 4, which is used to assist in assembling the tiles 3 into single steel lining pipe sections 81. The tiles 3 are automatically welded to the longitudinal seam using an automatic submerged arc welding device at the single-section welding station. The single-section welding station is located inside the main tunnel 11 of the underground cavern, in front of the tile transfer station and close to the construction branch tunnel 12.

[0034] The large section welding station is located inside the main tunnel 11 and close to the single section welding station, capable of welding four or more single steel lining pipe sections 81 into a large steel lining section 82; both the single section welding station and the large section welding station are located in the enlarged section 2 of the main tunnel 11, such as... Figure 24 and Figure 25As shown, the main tunnel 11 can be enlarged according to the space required by the workshop inside the tunnel. When the main tunnel 11 is large enough, the enlarged section 2 does not need to be constructed. The large section welding station is arranged close to the single section welding station and located in front of the single section welding station. In this scheme, the side of the construction branch tunnel 12 is the rear, and the side of the main tunnel 11 is the front. In this embodiment, the large section welding station is mainly used to weld the single steel liner pipe sections 81 welded at the single section welding station into a large steel liner section. The large section welding station does not use the multi-functional trolley 5 for roll welding. The large section welding station includes several fixed roller frames and at least two multi-functional trolleys 5. The multi-functional trolleys 5 can move within the range of the single section welding station, the large section welding station, and the area between them. The multi-functional trolleys 5 can transport the single steel liner pipe sections 81 from the single section welding station to the large section welding station. The multi-functional trolleys 5 can be the active multi-functional trolleys 5 disclosed in Chinese invention patent application with publication number CN119910281A, which can be used for transporting the single steel liner pipe sections 81. The fixed roller frame is mainly used to assist in the circumferential welding of large steel liner pipe sections. It mainly consists of different numbers of driving rollers 61 and different numbers of driven rollers 61. The number of driving rollers 61 and driven rollers 61 can be flexibly combined according to the length and weight of the steel liner pipe section. The number of driven rollers 61 can be 0.

[0035] All the aforementioned fixed roller frames are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the main opening 11, such as... Figures 2-17 As shown, it can support longer steel liner sections composed of multiple single steel liner sections 81. The number and spacing of these sections are determined according to the length of the large steel liner section 82 to be welded at the large section welding station. The fixed roller frame includes fixed support arms 6 fixed to both sides of the main tunnel 11. The distance between the two fixed support arms 6 is greater than the lateral length of the multi-functional trolley 5 in the main tunnel 11, allowing the multi-functional trolley 5 to enter the bottom between the two fixed support arms 6. Figure 29 and Figure 30 As shown, this facilitates the movement of longer steel liner sections, aiding in the assembly welding of larger sections. The fixed support arms 6 on both sides of each fixed roller frame are arranged opposite each other, as shown... Figure 25 and Figure 26 As shown, each fixed support arm 6 is equipped with two sets of rollers 61. The rollers 61 are axially aligned with the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel 11. This alignment may have some error and can be understood as corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the track 111. The four sets of rollers 61 in each fixed roller frame are on the same cross-section of the main tunnel 11 and can adapt to support the steel liner section. At least one of the rollers 61 in the fixed roller frame is connected to a driver 65. The driver 65 is formed by a combination of a drive motor and a reducer, etc. The driver 65 can drive the rollers 61 to rotate along the axial direction of the rollers 61. Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, when it is necessary to weld two single steel liner pipe sections 81 together to form a larger steel liner pipe section, the roller 61 can be driven to rotate along the roller 61 axis by the driver 65, thereby driving the larger steel liner pipe section formed by spot welding above to rotate, thereby realizing roll welding.

[0036] The underground steel plate lining construction system also includes a control system. In this embodiment, at least one fixed roller frame is equipped with a displacement sensor at the position of the outer stiffening ring 811 of the upper supported steel lining pipe section. The displacement sensor can measure the distance between the fixed roller frame and the outer stiffening ring 811 of the adjacent steel lining pipe section along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel 11. When a larger steel lining pipe section is welded through the fixed roller frame, the control system can receive the distance between the fixed roller frame and the outer stiffening ring 811 of the adjacent steel lining pipe section along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel 11 measured by the displacement sensor, and determine whether it is necessary to raise or lower the support height of the roller 61 (the support height refers to the height at which the rolling surface of the roller 61 can support the outer surface of the steel lining pipe section). If the distance measured by the displacement sensor changes, it indicates that the upper steel lining pipe section has changed during the welding process. The control system adjusts the support height of larger steel liner sections by controlling the rise and fall of the support height of the rollers 61. This allows the larger steel liner sections to tilt vertically in the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel 11 under the support of at least two fixed roller frames. The movement during the rolling welding process allows them to return to their original support position. The displacement sensor measures the distance in real time. When the distance measured by the displacement sensor is within the threshold range, the support height of the rollers 61 stops rising and falling. The control system, distance sensor 9, and stiffening ring 811 work together to determine the rise and fall of the support height of the rollers 61, thereby adjusting the smoothness of the steel liner section during the rolling welding process. This results in better quality of the formed steel liner section 82, enabling the assembly and welding of more than four individual steel liner sections 81 that meet quality requirements.

[0037] like Figure 25 , Figure 26 and Figure 32As shown, the fixed support arm 6 includes a bottom support 62, a middle hinge seat 63, an upper self-adaptive seat 64, and two sets of rollers 61 arranged from bottom to top. The side of the middle hinge seat 63 near the center of the main hole 11 is hinged to the upper part of the bottom support 62 via a first hinge shaft 623, the axial direction of the first hinge shaft 623 being arranged along the longitudinal direction of the main hole 11. The side of the middle hinge seat 63 near the side wall of the main hole 11 is connected to the side of the bottom support 62 near the side wall of the main hole 11 via a hydraulic cylinder 66. The upper end of the hydraulic cylinder 66 is hinged to the bottom of the middle hinge seat 63 via a second hinge shaft 636, and the lower end is connected to the bottom of the middle hinge seat 63 via a second hinge shaft 636. The third hinge shaft 626 is hinged to the top of the bottom support 62, and the axial direction of the second hinge shaft 636 is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the main hole 11. This structure allows the hydraulic cylinder 66 to extend or retract, pushing upward or pulling downward the middle hinge seat 63, causing the middle hinge seat 63 to rotate relative to the bottom support 62 around the first hinge shaft 623. This, in turn, raises or lowers the height of the upper self-adaptive seat 64. The two sets of rollers 61 are rolled on the upper self-adaptive seat 64, thereby raising or lowering the support height of the rollers 61. In other words, the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder 66 can raise or lower the support height of the rollers 61. The bottom of the upper self-adaptive seat 64 is hinged to the top of the middle hinge seat 63 via a fourth hinge shaft 634, the axial direction of which is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the main hole 11. This ensures that the two sets of rollers 61 can always adapt to support the bottom of the steel liner section. Furthermore, the driver 65 can drive the roller 61 to rotate along the roller 61 axis, thereby driving the steel liner section to rotate.

[0038] like Figure 23 and Figure 26 As shown, the bottom supports 62 of the fixed arms 6 on the same transverse side are all set on the same installation foundation 601 that is continuously set longitudinally on the same side of the main tunnel 11, and the adjacent fixed arms 6 on the same transverse side are connected as a whole by the connecting beam 602, so that the fixed arms 6 on the same side form a whole, which makes the stability higher during roll welding, reduces the possibility of the steel lining pipe section moving during roll welding, and makes the quality of the welded steel lining section 82 better.

[0039] In an optional embodiment, along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel 11, the distance between the furthest sides of at least one pair of adjacent fixed support arms 6 rollers 61 is less than or equal to the length of a single steel liner section 81, such that the two ends of the single steel liner section 81 can be flush with or extend beyond the furthest sides of the adjacent two fixed support arms 6 rollers 61, facilitating subsequent assembly of the steel liner section ends, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the distance between the furthest sides of the rollers 61 on two adjacent fixed support arms 6 is equal to the length of a single steel liner section 81.

[0040] by Figures 1-11In the illustrated embodiment, a combination of three sets of fixed roller frames is used as an example. Each side of the transverse direction mainly includes one set of active rollers A (close to the installation position), one set of active rollers B (away from the single-section welding station), and one set of driven rollers 61. The driven rollers 61 are arranged between the two sets of active rollers 61. The distance between the outer sides of the driven rollers 61 and the active rollers A is less than the length of the single steel liner section 81, so as to facilitate the temporary placement of the single steel liner section 81. All three sets of rollers 61 can be raised and lowered. A distance sensor 9 is provided on the side of one set of active rollers 61, which can detect the distance between the steel liner outer stiffening ring 811 and the roller 61 in real time, and automatically adjust the height of the roller 61 through the hydraulic cylinder 66 to achieve automatic adjustment and anti-movement. The two multi-functional trolleys 5 are mainly used to unload the single steel liner section 81 from the assembly machine 4 and transfer it to the large section welding station, and can also assist in the assembly of large steel liner sections.

[0041] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the displacement sensor is set on the side of the first fixed roller frame away from the single-section welding station, which is close to the single-section welding station. This allows the multi-functional trolley 5 to support one end of the large steel liner section temporarily fixed by spot welding on the first fixed roller frame before each roll welding. During roll welding, the first fixed roller frame is always utilized, and the initial distance between the first stiffening ring 811 of the single steel liner section 81 to be welded and the displacement sensor is always a fixed preset value L. This avoids the need for the control system to set different thresholds to determine whether the roll welding has caused movement, making the judgment and control simpler.

[0042] Because the fixed roller frame has two sets of rollers 61 on each side, the force-bearing area is increased, reducing the force on each roller 61. In addition, pressure sensors can be installed to detect the pressure on the rollers 61 and automatically adjust the height of the rollers 61 based on the pressure, so that the force on each set of rollers 61 is uniform. This can prevent the steel lining itself from undergoing plastic deformation and can also prevent the drive motor or reducer from being damaged due to excessive force.

[0043] The large section transport station is located inside the main tunnel 11 and close to the large section welding station. It is situated in front of the large section welding station and is used to transport the welded steel lining large section 82 to its installation position inside the main tunnel 11 for installation. The large section transport station includes several transport trolleys 7. Support beams 73 are horizontally arranged along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel 11 on both sides of the lateral side. The top surface of the support beams 73 is adapted to support the outer surface of the outer stiffening ring 811 of the steel lining large section 82. Figure 28As shown, at least one transport trolley 7 is mainly arranged at this large section transport station. The steel lining section 82 is transported to its position by the transport trolley 7 and then adjusted and installed. Depending on the length and weight of the pipe section, multiple transport trolleys 7 can be arranged in combination for transporting and transferring the steel lining section 82.

[0044] like Figures 17-22 , Figures 27-28 As shown, the transport trolley 7 includes a base 71, and a traveling wheel 72 is provided below the base 71. The traveling wheel is set on the track 111 and can be a track wheel, adapted to the design of the track 111. The track 111 is arranged longitudinally along the main tunnel 11, so that the transport trolley 7 can move longitudinally in the main tunnel 11. The setting of the track 111 can help with welding and welding. For example, the multi-functional trolley 5 also moves along the track 111, so that the entire construction process can be positioned by the track 111. The support beams 73 are hinged to the upper sides of the base 71 via fifth hinge shafts 731, with the axial direction of the fifth hinge shafts 731 along the longitudinal direction of the main hole 11. The base 71 and the support beams 73 are also hinged together by a lifting drive device 75. The lifting drive device 75 is used to drive the support beams 73 to adjust their pitch angle relative to the base 71 around the fifth hinge shafts 731. The lifting drive device 75 is a hydraulic cylinder, and the horizontally arranged hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the support beams 73 via a sixth hinge shaft 732 along the longitudinal direction of the main hole 11, so that it can drive the support beams 73 to adjust their pitch angle relative to the base 71 around the fifth hinge shafts 731. The transport trolley 7 was used to transport the steel lining section 82. The support point for transport was changed from single-point support by roller 61 to support by support beam 73 and stiffening ring 811, which increased the contact area and changed the support stress part of the steel lining section 82, thereby reducing stress concentration and meeting the transport conditions of more than 4 single steel lining pipe sections 81. This broke through the transport size limit of the steel lining section 82 and increased the length of the steel lining section 82 installed in a single operation.

[0045] Further optional, such as Figures 20-22 As shown, pads 74 are spaced along the length of the upper part of the support beam 73. The pads 74 on both sides of the support beam 73 are used to fit and support the bottom of the two sides of the steel lining section 82, that is, to support both the stiffening ring 811 and the outer surface of the steel lining section 82 at the same time. There are more support points and support area, which can further break through the transportation size limit of the steel lining section 82 and increase the length of the steel lining section 82 installed in a single time.

[0046] In an optional embodiment, a temporary support 10 is provided between the single-section welding station and the large-section welding station as a single-section storage station. The temporary support 10 is located near the first fixed roller frame and is used to temporarily store single steel liner pipe sections 81. After the tile 3 is welded into a single steel liner pipe section 81 using the single-section welding station, if the large steel liner pipe section is still being welded on the fixed roller frame, the single steel liner pipe section 81 is transported to the temporary support 10 for storage to ensure assembly line construction and further improve the overall construction efficiency. This single-section storage station only requires the temporary support 10 to temporarily store a single steel liner pipe section 81 that has been welded at one single-section welding station. Using this single-section storage station can reasonably optimize the overall construction process and time, forming an assembly line operation.

[0047] All the above workstations form a group, constituting an underground workshop. When construction adit 12 is located at the end of the underground cavern, as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the workshop inside the tunnel is located near the construction adit 12. The steel lining sections are installed from the inside out. After the steel lining 83 has been installed and placed in the equipment location, all the equipment in the workshop inside the tunnel is removed, and then the steel lining at the equipment location is installed.

[0048] When the construction adit 12 is located in the middle of the underground chamber, such as Figure 23 As shown, one option is to set up only one workshop inside the tunnel. After the steel lining on one side is installed, all equipment in the workshop can be turned around to continue installing the steel lining on the other side. After installation, the equipment can be removed, and then the installation of the steel lining at the equipment's location can continue. Another alternative is to set up one workshop inside the tunnel on each side of the construction adit 12, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, steel lining construction is carried out simultaneously on both sides. After the steel lining is installed, the equipment is removed, and then the steel lining at the equipment location is installed.

[0049] Example 2 In order to make the construction of the construction system provided by the present invention more standardized and faster, all underground cavern steel linings are transported into the underground cavern in the form of tiles 3 for construction, and the steel lining tiles 3 are pre-installed with stiffening rings 811 except at the longitudinal joints.

[0050] A method for constructing underground steel plate lining, using the underground steel plate lining construction system described in Example 1 for the steel plate lining construction of the main tunnel 11, includes the following steps: S1: Steel-lined roof tiles 3 are transported from outside the tunnel through construction adit 12 to the tile transfer station inside construction adit 12; S2: Transfer tile 3 to the single-section welding station; S3: Using the single-section welding station, the three tiles are welded into a single steel liner section 81. S4: Use at least two multi-functional trolleys 5 to lift and transport the single steel liner section 81 to the fixed roller frame at the large section welding station, waiting to be welded with the next single steel liner section 81. Figure 2 As shown; S5: After the next single-section steel liner pipe segment 81 is welded, the multi-functional trolley 5 is used to transport the next single-section steel liner pipe segment 81 to the large section welding station, and assembles it with the previously welded steel liner pipe segment. Then, the inter-section circumferential seams of the steel liner pipe segments are spot welded to temporarily fix them and form a new large section steel liner pipe segment, such as... Figure 4 or Figure 7 As shown; after welding the three sections of tile into a single steel liner section 81 using the single-section welding station, if the large steel liner section is still being rolled welded, the single steel liner section 81 is transported to the temporary support 10 between the single-section welding station and the large-section welding station for storage, as shown. Figures 12-15 As shown.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, between steps S5 and S6, after temporarily fixing the inter-segment circumferential seam of the steel liner section by spot welding to form a new large steel liner section, the temporarily fixed large steel liner section is moved by the multi-functional trolley 5 to a position where the initial distance between one of the stiffening rings 811 of the single steel liner section 81 to be welded and the displacement sensor is a fixed preset value L. Figures 11-15 As shown, each time a single steel liner section 81 is spot-welded on the side of the first fixed roller frame near the single-section welding station, it is necessary to move it to the installation position by the length of one single steel liner section 81 so that the first fixed roller frame and the displacement sensor installed on it can be utilized.

[0052] S6: Install the automatic submerged arc welding device on the top outer side of the large steel liner section. Drive the roller 61 along the axial direction of the roller 61 through the driver 65, causing the temporarily fixed large steel liner section to rotate. Use the automatic submerged arc welding device to automatically weld the outer circumferential seam of the large steel liner section to be welded. After the outer circumferential seam is welded, remove the automatic submerged arc welding device and reinstall it on the bottom inner side of the large steel liner section to automatically weld the inner circumferential seam of the large steel liner section to be welded. Alternatively, remove the automatic submerged arc welding device and reinstall it on the bottom inner side of the large steel liner section. Drive the roller 61 along the axial direction of the roller 61 through the driver 65, causing the temporarily fixed large steel liner section to rotate. Use the automatic submerged arc welding device to automatically weld the inner circumferential seam of the large steel liner section to be welded. After the inner circumferential seam is welded, remove the automatic submerged arc welding device and reinstall it on the top outer side of the large steel liner section to automatically weld the outer circumferential seam of the large steel liner section to be welded. Figure 5 or Figure 8 As shown; When the driver 65 drives the roller 61 to rotate along the axial direction of the roller 61, causing the temporarily fixed large section of steel liner to rotate, the displacement sensor measures the distance between the fixed roller frame and the outer stiffening ring 811 of the temporarily fixed large section of steel liner along the longitudinal direction of the main hole 11 in real time and transmits it to the control system. The control system determines in real time whether the distance is within the threshold range. When the control system determines that the distance is not within the threshold range, the support height of the roller 61 needs to be raised or lowered until the control system determines in real time that the distance is within the threshold range. S7: Repeat steps S5-S6 until the final required steel-lined large section 82 is formed by welding at the large section assembly welding station. The steel-lined large section 82 is formed by welding at least 5 individual steel-lined pipe sections 81. Figure 16 As shown, the large steel-lined section 82 is formed by welding together eight single steel-lined pipe sections 81. S8: As Figures 16-17 As shown, the transport trolley 7 of the large section transport station is moved to the area below the steel lining large section 82 at the large section welding station, so that the top surfaces of the support beams 73 on both sides of the transport trolley 7 are adapted to support the outer stiffening rings 811 on both sides of the steel lining large section 82. Then, the transport trolley 7 is used to lift and transport the steel lining large section 82 to the installation position in the main tunnel 11. The steel lining large section 82 is lifted, aligned, installed, and the circumferential seam is welded. S9: The steel lining section 82, which is welded at the large section welding station, is repeatedly lifted and transported to the installation position in the main tunnel 11 using the transport trolley 7 for installation and welding of the installation circumferential seam. S10: When the steel lining is installed in the workshop inside the tunnel, the equipment in the main tunnel 11 will be removed, and then manual adjustments and installation will be carried out to complete the construction of the entire underground steel plate lining.

[0053] The underground steel plate lining construction method described in this embodiment improves the forming quality of the steel lining section 82 by coordinating a fixed roller frame, displacement sensors, and a control system. It overcomes the size limitations of transporting the steel lining section 82 by using a transport trolley 7, allowing the steel lining section 82 to be formed by welding at least five individual steel lining pipe sections 81 at the section assembly welding station. This section is then transported by the transport trolley 7 to the installation location in the main tunnel 11 for installation and welding of the installation circumference. This significantly reduces the number of installation circumferences that must be completed in the narrow space of the main tunnel 11, where quality control is difficult. It improves the welding quality and integrity of the large steel lining structure, simplifies the installation process within the tunnel, reduces the number of process cycles for the steel lining section 82, significantly improves installation efficiency, shortens the construction period, and reduces the safety risks and overall construction costs associated with high-intensity welding operations within the tunnel.

[0054] The above construction method can be used for the transportation and installation of large steel-lined sections 82 formed by five or fewer single steel-lined pipe sections 81, but it is more suitable for the transportation and installation of large steel-lined sections 82 formed by more than five single steel-lined pipe sections 81. The construction method when the construction adit 12 is located at the end of the underground cavern is as follows: Before construction, the workshop inside the tunnel was located in the main tunnel 11 of the underground cavern, close to the construction adit 12. Starting from the direction of the construction adit 12, the tile transfer station, single-section welding station, large-section welding station, and large-section transportation station were arranged sequentially along the main tunnel 11. During construction, the steel lining large sections were installed sequentially from the inside of the main tunnel 11 outwards, and finally the steel lining at the equipment location was installed manually.

[0055] The entire construction process is as follows: S1. The steel-lined tiles 3 of the underground cavern are transported from outside the cavern through the construction adit 12 to the tile transfer station inside the construction adit 12. S2, then transport from the tile transfer station to the single-section welding station; S3. Using the lifting points of the rounding machine 4, unload the tile 3 and transfer it to the multi-functional trolley 5 at the single-section welding station. Then, use the multi-functional trolley 5 to transport the tile 3 from the bottom of the rounding machine 4 to the front of the rounding machine 4. The multi-functional trolley 5 lifts the tile 3 and installs it on the rounding machine 4. The rounding machine 4 rotates the fixed tile 3 at a certain angle. The multi-functional trolley 5 returns to the tile transfer station to transport the next tile 3 to the front of the rounding machine 4. Continue to lift and install the next tile 3. The rounding machine 4 continues to rotate and installs the next tile 3 in the same way as described above, until... All tiles 3 are installed on the rounding machine 4 to form a complete circular steel liner section; the rounding machine 4 rotates to rotate the longitudinal seam between the tiles 3 to the bottom, and an automatic submerged arc welding device is installed on the inner bottom of the steel liner section. The automatic submerged arc welding device automatically identifies the weld seam and performs automatic welding of the longitudinal seam; after one longitudinal seam is welded, the automatic submerged arc welding device is removed, the rounding machine 4 rotates to bring the next longitudinal seam to the bottom, the automatic submerged arc welding device is reinstalled and the longitudinal seam is automatically welded, and this step is repeated until all longitudinal seams are welded to form a single steel liner section 81; S4. Two multi-functional trolleys 5 move to the bottom of the rounding machine 4, unload the welded single steel liner section 81 from the rounding machine 4, and use the two multi-functional trolleys 5 to lift and transport it to the large section welding station, where it is placed on the driving roller A and driven roller 61 on the fixed roller frame. Figure 2 As shown, it awaits welding with the next single steel liner section 81; S5. After the assembly machine 4 completes the welding of the next single steel liner section 81, the two multi-functional trolleys 5 are moved back below the assembly machine 4 to transport the second single steel liner section to the large section welding station, where it is assembled with the previously welded single steel liner section 81. Figure 4As shown, the inter-section circumferential seam of the steel liner section is then spot welded to temporarily fix the two steel liner sections, making them into a large steel liner section. S6. Using two multi-functional trolleys 5, transfer the spot-welded and fixed large steel liner pipe sections onto the driving roller B and driven roller 61, and install the automatic submerged arc welding equipment at the bottom of the inner wall of the steel liner. Figure 5 As shown, the large steel liner section is driven to rotate by the active roller B to perform automatic welding of the circumferential seam. At the same time, the single-section assembly welding station also continues to manufacture single steel liner sections 81. S7. After the automatic welding of the inter-segment circumferential seam is completed, the two multi-functional trolleys 5 continue to transport the single-segment steel liner section 81 from the single-segment welding station to the large-segment welding station, where it is assembled with the previously welded large-segment steel liner section, and the butt joint is tack welded to fix it. Figure 7 As shown; Using two multi-functional trolleys 5 to adjust the new large steel liner section, the active rollers A and B of the fixed roller frame bear the large steel liner section, and the driven roller 61 in the middle is not under stress at this time, thus avoiding over-positioning. The automatic submerged arc welding equipment is transferred and installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the large steel lining pipe section, at the circumferential seam to be welded. Driven by active rollers A and B, the pipe section rotates to automatically weld the circumferential seam. At this point, the large steel lining section 82 is assembled from three single steel lining pipe sections 81. Figure 8 As shown; S8. After the circumferential weld is completed, two transport trolleys 7 are used to transfer the steel lining section 82 from the section assembly welding station to the installation station in the main tunnel 11, and to assist in the installation of the steel lining section 82. After the steel lining section 82 is fixed in the installation station, the installed steel lining 83 is formed, and the transport trolleys 7 can then be reversed. Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown; Another alternative: In S7, if the large steel lining section 82 needs to be welded into a longer steel lining pipe section, the number of rollers 61 on the fixed roller frame can be flexibly combined according to the actual project situation. Simultaneously, two multi-functional trolleys 5 continue to transport single steel lining pipe sections 81 from the single-section welding station to the large section welding station for assembly and spot welding of the fixed inter-section circumferential seam; at least two multi-functional trolleys 5 are used to adjust the position of the large steel lining pipe section on the fixed roller frame so that the inter-section circumferential seam to be welded is located between the two sets of longitudinal rollers 61, and the circumferential seam is automatically welded using an automatic submerged arc welding equipment in the same manner as described above; Figures 10-15 As shown, repeat the above steps to weld the steel liner pipe sections into the required length of large steel liner sections before proceeding with subsequent construction. Multiple transport trolleys 7 are used in conjunction, such as... Figure 16 and Figure 17As shown, the steel lining section 82 is transferred from the section welding station to the installation station in the main tunnel 11, and the installation of the steel lining section is assisted. After the steel lining section 82 is fixed in the installation station, the transport trolley 7 can be withdrawn. S9. The steel lining section 82, which is welded at the large section welding station, is repeatedly lifted and transported to the installation position in the main tunnel 11 using the transport trolley 7 for installation and welding of the installation circumferential seam. S10. After the steel lining is installed to the equipment layout position (fixed roller frame layout position), the equipment (fixed roller frame, assembly machine, etc.) is removed from the main tunnel 11. Then, the remaining steel lining pipe sections at the equipment installation position are manually assembled and adjusted to complete the steel plate lining construction of the entire underground cavern.

[0056] The construction method for construction adit 12 when it is located in the middle of the underground cavern is as follows: Before construction, the workshop inside the tunnel will be arranged on one side of the underground tunnel, such as... Figure 23 As shown, it is arranged near construction adit 12. During construction, after the steel lining pipe section on one side of construction adit 12 is installed, all equipment in the workshop inside the adit is turned 180°, as shown. Figure 31 As shown, complete the installation of the steel liner pipe section on the other side, and finally manually install the steel liner pipe section at the equipment location.

[0057] Another alternative: such as Figure 1 As shown, an indoor workshop is set up on both sides of the construction adit 12. The steel lining pipe sections are installed simultaneously on both sides. After the steel lining on both sides is installed to the equipment placement position, the equipment is removed. Finally, the steel lining pipe sections at the equipment placement position are manually installed.

[0058] The construction steps of the entire construction system are as follows: The manufacturing steps for the steel liner in this scheme are the same as those described in steps S1 to S9 above; When only one underground workshop is set up for steel lining construction, after the steel lining pipe section on one side is installed, all the equipment in the underground workshop needs to be turned 180° to complete the installation of the steel lining pipe section on the other side. The equipment inside the tunnel was removed, and the remaining pipe sections at the equipment locations were installed manually. At this point, all the steel linings of the underground tunnel were completed.

[0059] Another preferred solution: A single-section storage station can be arranged between the single-section welding station and the large-section welding station to temporarily store a single steel liner section 81. After the single steel liner section is manufactured, there may be situations where the inter-section circumferential seams of the large steel liner sections are still being rolled. In this case, the manufactured single steel liner section 81 can be temporarily stored at the single-section storage station, allowing the single-section welding station to continue manufacturing single steel liner sections 81, thereby avoiding construction interruptions, optimizing the construction process, and forming an assembly line operation mode. During the assembly welding of the large steel liner section 82, internal supports can be arranged according to the actual situation to reduce the deformation of the steel liner throughout the construction process.

[0060] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An underground steel plate lining construction system, comprising at least one in-tunnel workshop, each of the in-tunnel workshops comprising: The system comprises a tile transfer station, a single-section welding station, a large-section welding station, and a large-section transport station. The tile transfer station is located inside the construction adit and is used to transfer tiles to the single-section welding station. The single-section welding station is located inside the main tunnel and close to the construction adit, and is used to assemble the tiles into single steel lining pipe sections. The large-section welding station is located inside the main tunnel and close to the single-section welding station, and can weld four or more single steel lining pipe sections into a large steel lining section. The large-section transport station is located inside the main tunnel and close to the large-section welding station, and is used to transport the welded large steel lining section to the installation position inside the main tunnel for installation. The system also includes a control system. The large-section welding station includes several fixed roller frames and a multi-functional trolley. The multi-functional trolley can move within the range of the single-section welding station, the large-section welding station, and the area in between. The multi-functional trolley can transport single steel liner sections from the single-section welding station to the large-section welding station. All the fixed roller frames are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel. Each fixed roller frame includes fixed support arms fixed to both sides of the main tunnel. The distance between the two fixed support arms is greater than the lateral length of the multi-functional trolley within the main tunnel. The fixed support arms on both sides of each fixed roller frame are arranged opposite each other. Each fixed support arm is equipped with two sets of rollers, the rollers being axially aligned with the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel. The four sets of rollers on each fixed roller frame are located on the same cross-section of the main tunnel and are adapted to support steel liner sections. At least one of the rollers on the fixed roller frame is connected to a driver, which drives the roller to rotate axially. The support height of the rollers can be raised or lowered. At least one fixed roller frame is equipped with a displacement sensor at the position of the outer stiffening ring of the steel liner section it supports above. The displacement sensor can measure the distance along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel between the fixed roller frame and the outer stiffening ring of the adjacent steel liner section. The control system can receive the distance along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel between the fixed roller frame and the outer stiffening ring of the adjacent steel liner section, as measured by the displacement sensor, and determine whether it is necessary to raise or lower the support height of the roller. The large section transportation station includes several transportation trolleys. The top of the two sides of each transportation trolley is provided with support beams that are horizontally arranged along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel. The top surface of the support beams is adapted to support the outer side of the outer stiffening ring of the steel-lined large section.

2. The underground steel plate lining construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed support arm includes a bottom support, a middle hinged seat, an upper self-adaptive seat, and two sets of rollers arranged from bottom to top. The middle hinged seat is hinged to the top of the bottom support via a first hinge shaft near the center of the main tunnel, with the first hinge shaft axially aligned along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel. The middle hinged seat is connected to the bottom support via a hydraulic cylinder near the sidewall of the main tunnel via a second hinge shaft, and the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the bottom of the middle hinged seat via a third hinge shaft, with the second hinge shaft axially aligned along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel. The bottom of the upper self-adaptive seat is hinged to the top of the middle hinged seat via a fourth hinge shaft, with the fourth hinge shaft axially aligned along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel. The two sets of rollers are rolled on the upper self-adaptive seat. The extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder can raise or lower the support height of the roller.

3. The underground steel plate lining construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel, the distance between the furthest sides of the rollers on at least one pair of adjacent fixed supports is less than or equal to the length of a single steel liner section, such that the two ends of the single steel liner section are flush with or extend beyond the furthest sides of the rollers on the adjacent fixed supports.

4. The underground steel plate lining construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The displacement sensor is located on the side of the first fixed roller frame away from the single-section welding station, near the side of the single-section welding station.

5. The underground steel plate lining construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transport trolley includes a base with wheels underneath. Support beams are hinged to the upper sides of the base via fifth hinge shafts, with the axial direction of the fifth hinge shafts along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel. The base and the support beams are also hinged together by a lifting drive device, which is used to drive the support beams to adjust their pitch angle relative to the base around the fifth hinge shaft.

6. The underground steel plate lining construction system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The support beam is provided with spaced pads along its length above it, and the pads on both sides of the support beam are used to fit and support the bottom of the steel lining section on both sides.

7. An underground steel plate lining construction system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, A temporary support is provided between the single-section welding station and the large-section welding station. The temporary support is located near the first fixed roller frame and is used to temporarily store the single steel liner pipe section.

8. A method for constructing underground steel plate lining, characterized in that, The construction of the steel plate lining for the main tunnel using an underground steel plate lining construction system as described in any one of claims 1-7 includes the following steps: S1: Steel-lined roof tiles are transported from outside the tunnel through the construction adit to the tile transfer station inside the construction adit; S2: Transfer the tile to the single-section welding station; S3: Use the single-section welding station to weld the tiles into a single steel liner section; S4: Use at least two multi-functional trolleys to lift and transport a single steel liner section to a fixed roller frame at the large section welding station, waiting to be welded with the next single steel liner section. S5: After the next single steel liner section is welded, the next single steel liner section is transported to the large section welding station using a multi-functional trolley and assembled with the previously welded steel liner section. Then, the inter-section circumferential seam of the steel liner section is spot welded to temporarily fix it and form a new large steel liner section. S6: Install the automatic submerged arc welding device on the top outer side of the large steel liner section. Drive the rollers along its axial direction through the driver to rotate the temporarily fixed large steel liner section. Use the automatic submerged arc welding device to automatically weld the outer circumferential seam of the large steel liner section to be welded. After the outer circumferential seam is welded, remove the automatic submerged arc welding device and reinstall it on the bottom inner side of the large steel liner section to automatically weld the inner circumferential seam of the large steel liner section to be welded. Alternatively, remove the automatic submerged arc welding device and reinstall it on the bottom inner side of the large steel liner section. Drive the rollers along its axial direction through the driver to rotate the temporarily fixed large steel liner section. Use the automatic submerged arc welding device to automatically weld the inner circumferential seam of the large steel liner section to be welded. After the inner circumferential seam is welded, remove the automatic submerged arc welding device and reinstall it on the top outer side of the large steel liner section to automatically weld the outer circumferential seam of the large steel liner section to be welded. When the drive roller rotates along its axial direction, causing the temporarily fixed large steel liner section to rotate, the displacement sensor measures the distance between the fixed roller frame and the outer stiffening ring of the temporarily fixed large steel liner section along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel in real time and transmits it to the control system. The control system determines in real time whether the distance is within the threshold range. If the control system determines that the distance is not within the threshold range, the support height of the roller needs to be raised or lowered until the control system determines that the distance is within the threshold range in real time. S7: Repeat steps S5-S6 until the final required steel lining section is formed by welding at the large section assembly welding station. The steel lining section is formed by welding at least 5 single steel lining pipe sections together. S8: Move the transport trolley of the large section transport station to the bottom of the steel lining large section at the large section welding station, so that the top surface of the support beams on both sides of the transport trolley is adapted to the outer sides of the outer stiffening ring supporting the steel lining large section. Then, use the transport trolley to lift and transport the steel lining large section to the installation position in the main tunnel, lift and align the steel lining large section for installation and welding of the installation ring seam. S9: The steel lining sections welded at the large section welding station are repeatedly transported to the installation position in the main tunnel using a transport trolley for installation and welding of the circumferential seams. S10: When the steel lining is installed in the workshop inside the tunnel, the equipment in the main tunnel is removed, and then manual adjustments are made to complete the installation of the entire underground steel plate lining.

9. A method for constructing underground steel plate lining according to claim 8, characterized in that, The displacement sensor is located on the side of the first fixed roller frame away from the single-section welding station, which is close to the single-section welding station. Between steps S5 and S6, after spot welding the inter-segment circumferential seam of the steel liner section to temporarily fix it and form a new large steel liner section, the temporarily fixed large steel liner section is moved by a multi-functional trolley to a position where the initial distance between one of the stiffening rings of the single steel liner section to be assembled and welded and the displacement sensor is a fixed preset value L.

10. A method for constructing underground steel plate lining according to any one of claims 8-9, characterized in that, A temporary support is provided between the single-section welding station and the large-section welding station. The temporary support is located near the first fixed roller frame and is used to temporarily store the single steel liner pipe section. After the tiles are assembled into a single steel liner section using the single-section welding station in step S3, if the large steel liner section in step S6 is still being rolled welded, the single steel liner section is transported to a temporary support for storage.

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