Device and method for treating waste photovoltaic module through thermal plasma

Abstract

The device comprises a melting mechanism, the melting mechanism comprises a pyrolyzing furnace and a smelting furnace, a sealing door is installed on the pyrolyzing furnace, a connecting assembly is arranged on the pyrolyzing furnace, and the connecting assembly comprises a first electric push rod, a first moving rod, an ultrasonic vibration piece, a buffer assembly and a magnetic suction plate. An inclined channel is arranged between the pyrolyzing furnace and the smelting furnace, a shielding assembly is arranged on one side of the pyrolyzing furnace, and a high-temperature-resistant camera is installed in the pyrolyzing furnace; a tail gas treatment mechanism is arranged on the melting mechanism and comprises a high-temperature oxidation chamber, a quench tower, a dust remover, a washing tower, an induced draft fan and an exhaust pipe; the device is provided with the connecting assembly comprising the magnetic suction plate, the ultrasonic vibration piece and the buffer assembly, the problems that in the prior art, metal parts are difficult to separate, and materials are adhered and are not prone to falling off are solved, and by arranging the shielding assembly and the high-temperature-resistant camera, accurate control and sealing isolation of the pyrolysis process are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic module resource recycling technology, specifically to an apparatus and method for thermal plasma treatment of waste photovoltaic modules. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of the photovoltaic industry, a large number of photovoltaic modules are gradually entering their retirement cycle. Simultaneously, natural disasters and equipment failures also generate a large amount of waste photovoltaic modules. If these waste modules are not properly disposed of, it will not only waste resources but also pose environmental risks. Waste photovoltaic modules contain multiple components such as glass, metal, silicon wafers, and polymer films. These components are tightly bonded, making efficient separation difficult. Traditional processing methods can no longer meet the current practical needs for standardized recycling and resource utilization, presenting many specific problems that urgently need to be addressed.

[0003] Currently, the processing of waste photovoltaic modules mostly employs extensive dismantling or simple pyrolysis and smelting processes, which have revealed numerous drawbacks in practical applications. In the module pretreatment and pyrolysis stages, existing equipment often lacks dedicated separation auxiliary structures, relying solely on manual or simple mechanical operations to peel off components such as metal frames and junction boxes from the modules. This is not only cumbersome and inefficient but also prone to damaging the silicon wafers and glass. Furthermore, during pyrolysis, the polymer film inside the module cokes and adheres to the surface of the glass and silicon wafers, making complete removal difficult and affecting subsequent resource recycling. Simultaneously, existing pyrolysis equipment has poor sealing performance, leading to the easy leakage of harmful gases generated during pyrolysis, which pollutes the environment and threatens the personal safety of operators.

[0004] In the smelting and product collection stages, the existing equipment lacks effective monitoring and guidance structures, making it impossible to observe the processing situation inside the pyrolysis furnace in real time, making it difficult to adjust operating parameters in a timely manner, and easily leading to incomplete processing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an apparatus and method for thermal plasma treatment of waste photovoltaic modules, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An apparatus for thermal plasma treatment of waste photovoltaic modules, comprising: The melting mechanism includes a pyrolysis furnace and a smelting furnace. The pyrolysis furnace is equipped with a sealing door and a connecting assembly, which includes a first electric push rod, a first moving rod, an ultrasonic vibrating plate, a buffer assembly, and a magnetic suction plate. An inclined passage is provided between the pyrolysis furnace and the smelting furnace. A shielding assembly is provided on one side of the pyrolysis furnace. A discharge pipe is provided at the lower end of the melting mechanism, and a control valve is installed on the discharge pipe. A high-temperature resistant camera is installed inside the pyrolysis furnace. The melting mechanism is equipped with a tail gas treatment mechanism, which includes a high-temperature oxidation chamber, a quench tower, a dust collector, a scrubbing tower, an induced draft fan, and an exhaust pipe.

[0007] Preferably, the first electric push rod is installed on one side of the melting mechanism, and the output end of the first electric push rod is connected to a first moving rod. The first moving rod passes through the melting mechanism and is connected to the magnetic suction plate through a buffer assembly.

[0008] Preferably, the buffer assembly includes a connecting plate, a mounting plate, a return spring, and a telescopic rod. The connecting plate is connected to the end of the first moving rod away from the first electric push rod. The return spring is sleeved on the outside of the telescopic rod. The two ends of the return spring and the telescopic rod are respectively connected to the connecting plate and the mounting plate. The magnetic suction plate is mounted on the mounting plate, and the ultrasonic vibrating plate is mounted on the mounting plate.

[0009] Preferably, the shielding assembly includes a second electric push rod, a second moving rod, and a baffle. The second electric push rod is installed on the upper end of the melting mechanism, and the output end of the second electric push rod is connected to the second moving rod. The second moving rod passes through the melting mechanism and is connected to the baffle.

[0010] Preferably, a movable groove is provided on one side of the pyrolysis furnace, the baffle is slidably connected in the movable groove, and a high-temperature resistant sealing gasket is provided between the baffle and the movable groove.

[0011] Preferably, the high-temperature oxidation chamber is connected to the smelting furnace through a first connecting pipe, and the high-temperature oxidation chamber, quench tower, dust collector and washing tower are connected by a second connecting pipe and a flange. The end of the washing tower is connected to the induced draft fan and the exhaust pipe in sequence through a pipeline.

[0012] Preferably, the inner wall of the melting mechanism is provided with a high-temperature resistant and non-stick coating, the coating material is a zirconia ceramic coating, and the thickness of the high-temperature resistant and non-stick coating is 0.5-1.2mm.

[0013] Preferably, the pyrolysis furnace is equipped with a pressure sensor, an oxygen content detector and a relief valve, the furnace top is equipped with a plasma torch, the plasma torch is connected to a working gas path and a plasma power supply, and the pyrolysis furnace is equipped with an electric heating component and a temperature sensor.

[0014] Preferably, the smelting furnace is equipped with a controller, which is electrically connected to a pressure sensor, an oxygen content detector, a relief valve, a high-temperature camera, an electric heating component, a temperature sensor, a plasma torch, a first electric push rod, a second electric push rod, an ultrasonic vibrator, a pyrolysis furnace, a smelting furnace, a high-temperature oxidation chamber, a quench tower, a dust collector, and a scrubbing tower.

[0015] A method for using a thermal plasma treatment device for waste photovoltaic modules includes the following steps: S1. Feeding and Sealing: Open the sealing door of the pyrolysis furnace, put the waste photovoltaic modules into the pyrolysis furnace, close and lock the sealing door; start the pressure sensor and oxygen content detector through the controller to detect the inside of the pyrolysis furnace, and ensure that the internal pressure and oxygen content are within the safe set value range; S2. Pyrolysis treatment: The electric heating components are activated by the controller to heat the pyrolysis furnace, and the internal temperature of the pyrolysis furnace is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor, so that the organic components in the waste photovoltaic modules are decomposed under anaerobic or low-oxygen conditions. During the pyrolysis process, the material status is observed in real time by a high-temperature resistant camera. After the pyrolysis is completed, the generated pyrolysis gas enters the high-temperature oxidation chamber through pipeline for treatment. S3. Residue Transfer: After pyrolysis, the controller controls the second electric push rod to drive the second moving rod to move the baffle upward, opening the inclined channel between the pyrolysis furnace and the smelting furnace; at the same time, the controller starts the first electric push rod, driving the first moving rod to push the connecting plate, mounting plate and magnetic suction plate towards the pyrolysis residue, using the magnetic suction plate to attract metal parts in the residue; after the attraction is completed, the first electric push rod retracts, moving the residue to the inclined channel; then the ultrasonic vibrator is activated, causing the magnetic suction plate to generate high-frequency vibration, shaking the residue off into the inclined channel, allowing it to slide into the smelting furnace; S4. Plasma Melting: After the residue enters the melting furnace, the controller starts the plasma torch and introduces working gas through the working gas path to generate high-temperature plasma to melt the residue; during the melting process, the tail gas generated in the melting furnace enters the high-temperature oxidation chamber for secondary combustion treatment. S5. Discharge and exhaust gas treatment: After smelting, open the control valve on the discharge pipe to discharge the molten metal and inorganic residue; all exhaust gases generated during smelting and pyrolysis are purified sequentially through the high-temperature oxidation chamber, quench tower, dust collector, and scrubbing tower, and finally discharged through the exhaust pipe by the induced draft fan to meet the standards. S6. System Monitoring and Safety Control: Throughout the entire process, the controller receives feedback signals from the pressure sensor, oxygen content detector, and temperature sensor in real time, and automatically adjusts the working status of each actuator according to the preset program; when the pressure or oxygen content exceeds the safety threshold, the controller automatically activates the explosion relief valve to release pressure or fills inert gas for protection.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention solves the problems of difficult separation of metal parts and material adhesion in the prior art by setting a connecting component including a magnetic suction plate, an ultrasonic vibrating plate, and a buffer assembly in the pyrolysis furnace. Specifically, after pyrolysis, the magnetic suction plate is driven by a first electric push rod to accurately adsorb metal frames and other parts in the residue, achieving automated separation; then, the ultrasonic vibrating plate generates high-frequency vibration, using the vibration energy to efficiently shake off glass, silicon wafers, and other materials that adhere to the magnetic suction plate or residue after pyrolysis to the melting furnace, avoiding the tediousness of manual cleaning and material residue, and significantly improving separation efficiency and material recovery rate.

[0017] 2. This invention, by incorporating a shielding component and a high-temperature resistant camera, achieves precise control and sealed isolation of the pyrolysis process, solving the problems of existing devices' inability to monitor in real time and the easy leakage of pyrolysis gases. During the pyrolysis stage, the baffle, driven by a second electric push rod, tightly seals the inclined channel, and together with the sealing door, ensures the excellent sealing of the pyrolysis furnace, preventing the leakage of harmful gases. Simultaneously, the high-temperature resistant camera can observe the pyrolysis status of the materials inside the furnace in real time, providing a direct basis for adjusting heating parameters and ensuring complete pyrolysis. When it is necessary to transfer materials, the baffle moves upward to open the channel, achieving seamless connection between the pyrolysis and smelting processes.

[0018] 3. This invention integrates the pyrolysis furnace and the smelting furnace into the same melting mechanism and is equipped with an inclined guide, optimizing the processing flow and solving the problems of large heat loss and low efficiency in the material transfer process of existing separate equipment. The residue after pyrolysis can be directly slid into the smelting furnace through the inclined guide for high-temperature plasma smelting by gravity and with the assistance of connecting components. The entire process is completed in a closed environment, reducing heat loss, shortening the processing cycle, and improving overall energy efficiency.

[0019] 4. This invention ensures both environmental friendliness and operational safety through a multi-stage exhaust gas treatment system and a comprehensive safety monitoring system. The high-temperature oxidation chamber ensures the complete incineration of organic matter in the pyrolysis gas and smelting exhaust gas, while the quench tower effectively prevents the resynthesis of harmful substances such as dioxins. Further purification by a dust collector and scrubbing tower achieves compliant emissions. Simultaneously, the interconnected design of the pressure sensor, oxygen content detector, and explosion relief valve, monitored in real-time and automatically responded by the controller, effectively prevents safety risks caused by abnormal pressure or excessive oxygen content, ensuring long-term stable operation of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rear view structure of the present invention; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged view at point B in the middle; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Controller; 2. Pyrolysis furnace; 3. Smelting furnace; 4. Sealing door; 5. First electric push rod; 6. First moving rod; 7. Ultrasonic vibrator; 8. Magnetic suction plate; 9. Inclined channel; 10. Discharge pipe; 11. Control valve; 12. High-temperature resistant camera; 13. High-temperature oxidation chamber; 14. Quenching tower; 15. Dust collector; 16. Scrubbing tower; 17. Exhaust fan; 18. Exhaust pipe; 19. Connecting plate; 20. Mounting plate; 21. Return spring; 22. Telescopic rod; 23. Second electric push rod; 24. Second moving rod; 25. Baffle; 26. Moving groove; 27. High-temperature resistant sealing gasket; 28. First connecting pipe; 29. ​​Second connecting pipe; 30. Pressure sensor; 31. Oxygen content detector; 32. Explosion relief valve; 33. Plasma torch; 34. Temperature sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1: Please see Figures 1-6 The present invention provides a technical solution: An apparatus for thermal plasma treatment of waste photovoltaic modules, comprising: The melting mechanism includes a pyrolysis furnace 2 and a smelting furnace 3. A sealing door 4 is installed on the pyrolysis furnace 2. A connecting assembly is provided on the pyrolysis furnace 2, including a first electric push rod 5, a first moving rod 6, an ultrasonic vibrating plate 7, a buffer assembly, and a magnetic suction plate 8. The first electric push rod 5 is installed on one side of the melting mechanism, and its output end is connected to the first moving rod 6. The first moving rod 6 passes through the melting mechanism and is connected to the magnetic suction plate 8 via the buffer assembly. A high-temperature resistant sealing sleeve is provided at the point where the first moving rod 6 passes through the pyrolysis furnace 2. The sealing sleeve is made of flexible graphite material, and one end of it is connected to the pyrolysis furnace 2. The outer wall is sealed by welding, and the other end is tightly fitted to the outer wall of the first moving rod 6. A high-temperature resistant sealing ring is embedded inside the sealing sleeve. The sealing ring slides and seals with the first moving rod 6, ensuring a sealed state at the penetration point during the reciprocating movement of the first moving rod 6, preventing heat loss and leakage of harmful gases. The buffer assembly includes a connecting plate 19, a mounting plate 20, a return spring 21, and a telescopic rod 22. The connecting plate 19 is connected to the end of the first moving rod 6 away from the first electric push rod 5. The return spring 21 is sleeved on the outside of the telescopic rod 22. The two ends of the return spring 21 and the telescopic rod 22 are respectively connected to the connecting plate 19 and the mounting plate 20. Mounting plate 20 is connected, magnetic suction plate 8 is mounted on mounting plate 20, ultrasonic vibrating plate 7 is mounted on mounting plate 20, inclined channel 9 is provided between pyrolysis furnace 2 and melting furnace 3, and a shielding assembly is provided on one side of pyrolysis furnace 2. The shielding assembly includes a second electric push rod 23, a second moving rod 24 and a baffle 25. The second electric push rod 23 is mounted on the upper end of the melting mechanism, and the output end of the second electric push rod 23 is connected to the second moving rod 24. The second moving rod 24 passes through the melting mechanism and is connected to the baffle 25. The passage between the second moving rod 24 and the pyrolysis furnace 2 adopts the same sealing connection structure as the first moving rod 6, that is, it is equipped with... A high-temperature resistant sealing sleeve and an embedded high-temperature resistant sealing ring are provided. The sealing sleeve is welded to the outer wall of the pyrolysis furnace 2. The sealing ring is slidably sealed with the second moving rod 24 to ensure that there is no heat leakage or harmful gas leakage at the penetration point during the up and down sliding of the second moving rod 24, thus ensuring the integrity of the sealing performance of the device. A moving groove 26 is provided on one side of the pyrolysis furnace 2. A baffle 25 is slidably connected in the moving groove 26. A high-temperature resistant sealing gasket 27 is provided between the baffle 25 and the moving groove 26. A discharge pipe 10 is provided at the lower end of the melting mechanism. A control valve 11 is installed on the discharge pipe 10. A high-temperature resistant camera 12 is installed inside the pyrolysis furnace 2. During operation, first open the sealing door 4 of the pyrolysis furnace 2, put the waste photovoltaic modules into the pyrolysis furnace 2, and close the sealing door 4 to ensure good sealing. This operation, together with the high-temperature resistant sealing gasket 27 in the shielding module, can effectively prevent heat loss and harmful gas leakage during subsequent processing, which saves energy and ensures a safe operating environment.

[0024] Controller 1 first controls the first electric push rod 5 to operate, driving the first moving rod 6 to push the buffer assembly and magnetic suction plate 8, so that the magnetic suction plate 8 adheres to the surface of the waste photovoltaic module. At the same time, the ultrasonic vibration plate 7 is activated to assist in separation. The buffer assembly, through the return spring 21 and the telescopic rod 22, can buffer the impact force when the magnetic suction plate 8 contacts the module, avoiding damage to the silicon wafers and glass in the module. This design, combining ultrasonic vibration and magnetic attraction, can efficiently separate the metal parts in the module, improve the integrity of resource recycling, and solve the problem of easy material damage during the separation process of existing devices. After the metal parts on the surface of the module are initially separated, controller 1 activates the electric heating assembly in the pyrolysis furnace 2 to provide the necessary heat for the pyrolysis of the module. The core function of the pyrolysis furnace 2 is to separate the polymer and some metals in the module. At this time, the operator can observe the situation inside the pyrolysis furnace 2 in real time through the high-temperature resistant camera 12, which facilitates timely detection and handling of abnormal problems, improving the convenience and safety of operation.

[0025] After pyrolysis, controller 1 controls the second electric push rod 23 to move, driving the second moving rod 24 and baffle 25 to slide along the moving groove 26, opening the channel between the pyrolysis furnace 2 and the melting furnace 3. The baffle 25 in the shielding assembly, which originally effectively isolated the two chambers, now allows the pyrolyzed material to smoothly slide down the inclined channel 9 into the melting furnace 3. The high-temperature resistant, non-stick coating on the inner wall of the melting mechanism prevents material from adhering to the furnace wall, reducing subsequent cleaning difficulty, extending the device's service life, and ensuring smooth material handling. Subsequently, controller 1 activates the plasma power supply and working gas path, causing the plasma torch 33 to generate high temperatures to melt the material in the melting furnace 3, achieving separation of different components. During this process, controller 1 continuously monitors various parameters in real time to ensure the stability of the melting process. After melting is complete, the control valve 11 on the discharge pipe 10 is opened to discharge the molten product, completing resource recovery.

[0026] The melting mechanism is equipped with a tail gas treatment mechanism, which includes a high-temperature oxidation chamber 13, a quench tower 14, a dust collector 15, a scrubbing tower 16, an induced draft fan 17, and an exhaust pipe 18. The high-temperature oxidation chamber 13 is connected to the melting furnace 3 through a first connecting pipe 28. The high-temperature oxidation chamber 13, the quench tower 14, the dust collector 15, and the scrubbing tower 16 are connected by a second connecting pipe 29 and a flange. The end of the scrubbing tower 16 is connected to the induced draft fan 17 and the exhaust pipe 18 in sequence through a pipe. The inner wall of the melting mechanism is equipped with a high-temperature resistant and non-stick coating. The coating material is a zirconia ceramic coating, and the thickness of the high-temperature resistant and non-stick coating is 0.5-1.2mm. The pyrolysis furnace 2 is equipped with a pressure sensor 30, an oxygen content detector 31, and a relief valve 32. A plasma torch 33 is installed on the top of the melting furnace 3. The plasma torch 33 is connected to a working gas path and a plasma power supply. The pyrolysis furnace 2 is equipped with an electric heating component and a temperature sensor 34.

[0027] During the entire pyrolysis and smelting process, exhaust gas containing harmful combustible components, dust, and acidic substances is generated. This exhaust gas enters the high-temperature oxidation chamber 13 through the first connecting pipe 28, where the harmful combustible components are first decomposed. Then, it flows sequentially through the second connecting pipe 29 through the quench tower 14, dust collector 15, and scrubbing tower 16, respectively completing cooling, impurity removal, and deacidification treatments. Finally, the exhaust gas is powered by the induced draft fan 17, which sends the purified exhaust gas into the exhaust pipe 18 for discharge. The various units of the exhaust gas treatment mechanism are tightly connected, enabling thorough purification of the exhaust gas, avoiding environmental pollution, and meeting environmental protection requirements. Overall, the device has a reasonable structural design, with each mechanism working in concert. It effectively solves many problems existing in the current waste photovoltaic module processing process, such as incomplete separation, easy material adhesion, cumbersome operation, and exhaust gas pollution. It not only improves the processing efficiency and resource recycling effect of waste photovoltaic modules but also takes into account operational safety and environmental protection, making it highly practical.

[0028] In the above embodiment, a controller 1 is installed on the smelting furnace 3. The controller 1 is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 30, the oxygen content detector 31, the explosion relief valve 32, the high temperature camera 12, the electric heating component, the temperature sensor 34, the plasma torch 33, the first electric push rod 5, the second electric push rod 23, the ultrasonic vibrator 7, the pyrolysis furnace 2, the smelting furnace 3, the high temperature oxidation chamber 13, the quench tower 14, the dust collector 15, and the washing tower 16. The pyrolysis furnace 2, the smelting furnace 3, the high temperature oxidation chamber 13, the quench tower 14, the dust collector 15, and the washing tower 16 are all small.

[0029] It should be noted that the specific models and specifications of the controller 1, pressure sensor 30, oxygen content detector 31, explosion relief valve 32, high temperature resistant camera 12, electric heating component, temperature sensor 34, plasma torch 33, first electric push rod 5, second electric push rod 23, ultrasonic vibrator 7, pyrolysis furnace 2, smelting furnace 3, high temperature oxidation chamber 13, quench tower 14, dust collector 15, and scrubbing tower 16 need to be selected and determined according to the actual specifications of the device. The specific selection calculation method adopts the existing technology in this field, so it will not be described in detail.

[0030] Example 2: The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that: A method for using a thermal plasma treatment device for waste photovoltaic modules includes the following steps: S1. Feeding and sealing: Open the sealing door 4 of the pyrolysis furnace 2, put the waste photovoltaic modules into the pyrolysis furnace 2, close and lock the sealing door 4; start the pressure sensor 30 and oxygen content detector 31 through the controller 1 to detect the inside of the pyrolysis furnace 2, and ensure that the internal pressure and oxygen content are within the safe set value range. S2. Pyrolysis treatment: The electric heating component is activated by the controller 1 to heat the pyrolysis furnace 2. At the same time, the internal temperature of the pyrolysis furnace 2 is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor 34, so that the organic components in the waste photovoltaic modules are decomposed under oxygen-free or low-oxygen conditions. During the pyrolysis process, the material status is observed in real time by the high-temperature resistant camera 12. After the pyrolysis is completed, the generated pyrolysis gas enters the high-temperature oxidation chamber 13 through the pipeline for treatment. S3. Residue Transfer: After pyrolysis, controller 1 controls the second electric push rod 23 to drive the second moving rod 24 to move the baffle 25 upward, opening the inclined channel 9 between the pyrolysis furnace 2 and the smelting furnace 3; at the same time, controller 1 starts the first electric push rod 5, driving the first moving rod 6 to push the connecting plate 19, the mounting plate 20 and the magnetic suction plate 8 towards the pyrolysis residue, using the magnetic suction plate 8 to attract metal parts in the residue; after the attraction is completed, the first electric push rod 5 retracts, moving the residue to the inclined channel 9; then the ultrasonic vibrating plate 7 is started, causing the magnetic suction plate 8 to generate high-frequency vibration, shaking the residue off into the inclined channel 9, allowing it to slide into the smelting furnace 3; S4. Plasma melting: After the residue enters the melting furnace 3, the controller 1 starts the plasma torch 33 and introduces working gas through the working gas path to generate high-temperature plasma to melt the residue; during the melting process, the tail gas generated in the melting furnace 3 enters the high-temperature oxidation chamber 13 for secondary combustion treatment. S5. Discharge and exhaust gas treatment: After smelting, open the control valve 11 on the discharge pipe 10 to discharge the molten metal and inorganic residue; all exhaust gases generated during smelting and pyrolysis are purified sequentially through the high-temperature oxidation chamber 13, the quench tower 14, the dust collector 15, and the scrubbing tower 16, and finally discharged through the exhaust pipe 18 via the induced draft fan 17 to meet the emission standards. S6. System monitoring and safety control: Throughout the entire process, the controller 1 receives feedback signals from the pressure sensor 30, oxygen content detector 31, and temperature sensor 34 in real time, and automatically adjusts the working status of each actuator according to the preset program; when the pressure or oxygen content exceeds the safety threshold, the controller 1 automatically activates the explosion relief valve 32 to release pressure or fill in inert gas for protection.

[0031] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for thermal plasma treatment of waste photovoltaic modules, characterized in that, include: The melting mechanism includes a pyrolysis furnace (2) and a smelting furnace (3). A sealing door (4) is installed on the pyrolysis furnace (2). A connecting assembly is provided on the pyrolysis furnace (2). The connecting assembly includes a first electric push rod (5), a first moving rod (6), an ultrasonic vibrating plate (7), a buffer assembly, and a magnetic suction plate (8). An inclined channel (9) is provided between the pyrolysis furnace (2) and the smelting furnace (3). A shielding assembly is provided on one side of the pyrolysis furnace (2). A discharge pipe (10) is provided at the lower end of the melting mechanism. A control valve (11) is installed on the discharge pipe (10). A high-temperature resistant camera (12) is installed inside the pyrolysis furnace (2). The melting mechanism is equipped with a tail gas treatment mechanism, which includes a high-temperature oxidation chamber (13), a quench tower (14), a dust collector (15), a scrubbing tower (16), an induced draft fan (17), and an exhaust pipe (18).

2. The apparatus for thermal plasma treatment of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first electric push rod (5) is installed on one side of the melting mechanism. The output end of the first electric push rod (5) is connected to the first moving rod (6). The first moving rod (6) passes through the melting mechanism and is connected to the magnetic suction plate (8) through the buffer assembly.

3. The apparatus for thermal plasma treatment of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 2, characterized in that: The buffer assembly includes a connecting plate (19), a mounting plate (20), a return spring (21), and a telescopic rod (22). The connecting plate (19) is connected to the end of the first moving rod (6) away from the first electric push rod (5). The return spring (21) is sleeved on the outside of the telescopic rod (22). The two ends of the return spring (21) and the telescopic rod (22) are respectively connected to the connecting plate (19) and the mounting plate (20). The magnetic suction plate (8) is mounted on the mounting plate (20), and the ultrasonic vibrating plate (7) is mounted on the mounting plate (20).

4. The apparatus for thermal plasma treatment of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shielding assembly includes a second electric push rod (23), a second moving rod (24), and a baffle (25). The second electric push rod (23) is installed on the upper end of the melting mechanism. The output end of the second electric push rod (23) is connected to the second moving rod (24). The second moving rod (24) passes through the melting mechanism and is connected to the baffle (25).

5. The apparatus for thermal plasma treatment of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pyrolysis furnace (2) has a movable groove (26) on one side, and the baffle (25) is slidably connected in the movable groove (26). A high-temperature resistant sealing gasket (27) is provided between the baffle (25) and the movable groove (26).

6. The apparatus for thermal plasma treatment of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-temperature oxidation chamber (13) is connected to the smelting furnace (3) through the first connecting pipe (28). The high-temperature oxidation chamber (13), the quench tower (14), the dust collector (15) and the washing tower (16) are connected by the second connecting pipe (29) and the flange. The end of the washing tower (16) is connected to the induced draft fan (17) and the exhaust pipe (18) in sequence through the pipe.

7. The apparatus for thermal plasma treatment of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the melting mechanism is provided with a high-temperature resistant and non-stick coating. The coating material is a zirconia ceramic coating, and the thickness of the high-temperature resistant and non-stick coating is 0.5-1.2mm.

8. The apparatus for thermal plasma treatment of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pyrolysis furnace (2) is equipped with a pressure sensor (30), an oxygen content detector (31) and a relief valve (32). The melting furnace (3) is equipped with a plasma torch (33) on its top. The plasma torch (33) is connected to a working gas path and a plasma power supply. The pyrolysis furnace (2) is equipped with an electric heating component and a temperature sensor (34).

9. The apparatus for thermal plasma treatment of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 8, characterized in that: The smelting furnace (3) is equipped with a controller (1), which is electrically connected to the pressure sensor (30), oxygen content detector (31), explosion relief valve (32), high temperature camera (12), electric heating component, temperature sensor (34), plasma torch (33), first electric push rod (5), second electric push rod (23), ultrasonic vibrator (7), pyrolysis furnace (2), smelting furnace (3), high temperature oxidation chamber (13), quench tower (14), dust collector (15) and scrubbing tower (16).

10. A method of using an apparatus for treating waste photovoltaic modules with thermal plasma, characterized in that, The following steps are included: S1. Loading and sealing: Open the sealing door (4) of the pyrolysis furnace (2), put the waste photovoltaic modules into the pyrolysis furnace (2), close and lock the sealing door (4); start the pressure sensor (30) and oxygen content detector (31) through the controller (1) to detect the inside of the pyrolysis furnace (2) to ensure that the internal pressure and oxygen content are within the safe setting range. S2, Pyrolysis treatment: The electric heating component is started by the controller (1) to heat the pyrolysis furnace (2), and the internal temperature of the pyrolysis furnace (2) is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor (34) so ​​that the organic components in the waste photovoltaic module are decomposed under oxygen-free or low-oxygen conditions; during the pyrolysis process, the material status is observed in real time by the high-temperature resistant camera (12); after the pyrolysis is completed, the generated pyrolysis gas enters the high-temperature oxidation chamber (13) through the pipeline for treatment; S3. Residue Transfer: After pyrolysis, the controller (1) controls the second electric push rod (23) to drive the second moving rod (24) to move the baffle (25) upward, opening the inclined channel (9) between the pyrolysis furnace (2) and the smelting furnace (3); at the same time, the controller (1) starts the first electric push rod (5), drives the first moving rod (6) to push the connecting plate (19), the mounting plate (20) and the magnetic suction plate (8) to move towards the residue after pyrolysis, and uses the magnetic suction plate (8) to adsorb the metal parts in the residue; after adsorption is completed, the first electric push rod (5) retracts, and moves the residue to the inclined channel (9); then the ultrasonic vibrator (7) is started, so that the magnetic suction plate (8) generates high-frequency vibration, shaking the residue to the inclined channel (9) and letting it slide into the smelting furnace (3); S4. Plasma melting: After the residue enters the melting furnace (3), the controller (1) starts the plasma torch (33) and introduces working gas through the working gas path to generate high-temperature plasma to melt the residue; during the melting process, the tail gas generated in the melting furnace (3) enters the high-temperature oxidation chamber (13) for secondary combustion treatment. S5. Discharge and tail gas treatment: After smelting, open the control valve (11) on the discharge pipe (10) to discharge the molten metal and inorganic residue; all tail gas generated during smelting and pyrolysis is purified by passing through the high temperature oxidation chamber (13), quench tower (14), dust collector (15), and scrubbing tower (16) in sequence, and finally discharged through the exhaust pipe (18) by the induced draft fan (17) to meet the standards. S6. System monitoring and safety control: During the entire process, the controller (1) receives feedback signals from the pressure sensor (30), oxygen content detector (31), and temperature sensor (34) in real time, and automatically adjusts the working status of each actuator according to the preset program; when the pressure or oxygen content exceeds the safety threshold, the controller (1) automatically starts the explosion relief valve (32) to relieve pressure or fill in inert gas for protection.

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