Bolt loosening state monitoring device and method

Abstract

When the bolt loosening state monitoring device is used, a magnetic part is fixed to the end of a bolt, a magnetoresistive sensor is connected to a nut through a fixing part, and when the nut is matched with the bolt and the bolt and the nut rotate relatively, relative angular displacement is generated between the magnetic part and the magnetoresistive sensor; the magnetic field direction of the position where the magnetoresistive sensor is located generates a detectable change, the magnetoresistive sensor can transmit the change to the controller through a change electric signal mode, and the relative tiny rotation between the nut and the bolt in the process is converted into a change electric signal of the magnetic field direction which is easily and accurately captured by the magnetoresistive sensor. The controller can accurately calculate the rotation angle of the nut relative to the bolt on the basis of the reference magnetic field by processing the changing electric signals, continuous and quantitative measurement of the looseness degree of the bolt is achieved, and the monitoring efficiency of the looseness state of the bolt is improved. The invention further relates to a bolt loosening state monitoring method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of bolt loosening monitoring equipment technology, and in particular to a bolt loosening status monitoring device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Bolted connections are the most common connection method in wind turbines, but bolts can loosen under the influence of long-term vibration, temperature changes and other environmental factors, which may lead to serious accidents.

[0003] Currently, there are two methods for detecting the looseness of bolts. One is to use a traditional magnetic sensor based on a reed switch, which usually only triggers a switch signal when the bolt is loose to a certain extent, making it impossible to quantify the degree of looseness. The other is manual inspection, but this method is cumbersome, inefficient, cannot detect in real time, is prone to missing detections, and individual experience varies.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the monitoring efficiency of bolt loosening is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a bolt loosening condition monitoring device and method to improve the monitoring efficiency of bolt loosening condition.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A bolt loosening status monitoring device includes a magnetic component, a fixing component, a magnetoresistive sensor, and a controller. The magnetic component is disposed at one end of the bolt to provide a reference magnetic field. The fixing component is connected to the nut. The magnetoresistive sensor is disposed on the fixing component and spatially opposite to the magnetic component. The sensitive axis of the magnetoresistive sensor is configured to sense the magnetic field generated by the magnetic component. The controller is electrically connected to the magnetoresistive sensor.

[0007] Optionally, in the above-mentioned bolt loosening status monitoring device, the fixing member is cylindrical, the magnetoresistive sensor is fixed to the inner wall of the fixing member, and the inner wall of the fixing member is provided with a stop portion. When the fixing member is connected to the nut, the stop portion cooperates with the nut.

[0008] Optionally, in the above-mentioned bolt loosening status monitoring device, the nut is a hexagonal nut, the stop is annular, and the outer edge of the stop is connected to the inner wall of the fastener. The inner edge of the stop is a hexagonal hole. When the fastener is connected to the hexagonal nut, the hexagonal nut is fitted into the interior of the hexagonal hole.

[0009] Optionally, in the above-mentioned bolt loosening status monitoring device, the nut is a hexagonal nut, the stop portion includes a limiting wall, the outer edge of the limiting wall is connected to the inner wall of the fixing member along the radial direction of the fixing member, the inner edge of the limiting wall encloses to form a through hole for the shank of the bolt to pass through, and the limiting wall is used to limit the nut along the axial direction of the fixing member; The inner wall of the fastener near the bolt is a hexagonal inner wall, and the hexagonal nut includes a side surface and an end face away from the bolt; When the fastener is connected to the hexagonal nut, the side surface fits against the hexagonal inner wall, and the end face abuts against the limiting wall.

[0010] Optionally, the bolt loosening status monitoring device also includes a positioning element, and at least two positioning holes are provided on the hexagonal inner wall along the radial direction of the fixing element; When the fastener is connected to the hexagonal nut, the positioning member engages with the positioning hole and abuts against the side surface.

[0011] Optionally, the bolt loosening status monitoring device further includes at least two clips, the first end of which is connected to the inner wall of the fastener, the second end of which extends toward the axis of the fastener, and the second end of which is used to fix the magnetoresistive sensor.

[0012] Optionally, the bolt loosening status monitoring device described above also includes a communication module, wherein the controller is configured to generate monitoring data containing bolt loosening status information based on the changing electrical signal output by the magnetoresistive sensor. The communication module is connected to the controller and is used to receive and output the monitoring data.

[0013] Optionally, in the above-mentioned bolt loosening status monitoring device, the magnetic component is a magnet, which is magnetically connected to or bonded to the end of the bolt.

[0014] Optionally, in the above-mentioned bolt loosening state monitoring device, the magnetoresistive sensor is an anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor.

[0015] The bolt loosening status monitoring device provided by this invention has a magnetic component fixed to the end of the bolt, and a magnetoresistive sensor connected to the nut via a fixing component. When the nut engages with the bolt and the bolt and nut rotate relative to each other, a relative angular displacement is generated between the magnetic component and the magnetoresistive sensor. The magnetic field direction at the location of the magnetoresistive sensor undergoes a detectable change. The magnetoresistive sensor can transmit this change to the controller through a changing electrical signal. The above process converts the microscopic mechanical loosening (i.e., the small relative rotation between the nut and bolt) in the bolt connection structure, which is difficult to measure directly and in real time, into an electrical signal of a changing magnetic field direction that is easily captured by the magnetoresistive sensor. By processing this changing electrical signal, the controller can accurately calculate the rotation angle of the nut relative to the bolt based on the reference magnetic field, realizing continuous and quantitative measurement of the bolt loosening degree. This overcomes the shortcomings of low efficiency of manual inspection and the inability of traditional switch-type sensors to quantify, thereby improving the monitoring efficiency of bolt loosening status.

[0016] This application also provides a method for monitoring bolt loosening status, using the bolt loosening status monitoring device as described in any of the above claims, including: Step S1: Fix the magnetic component to the end of the bolt, install the fixing component with the magnetoresistive sensor onto the nut that mates with the bolt, and make the magnetoresistive sensor spatially opposite to the magnetic component; Step S2: When the nut and the bolt rotate relative to each other, the magnetoresistive sensor senses the change in the direction of the magnetic field caused by the relative angular displacement and outputs the corresponding change electrical signal; Step S3: The controller receives the changing electrical signal and generates monitoring data containing information on the bolt loosening status; Step S4: The communication module receives and outputs the monitoring data.

[0017] The specific structure of the bolt loosening status monitoring device is as described in the above embodiments. Since this method adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, incorporated in and forming part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative effort. One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example through the corresponding images in the accompanying drawings. These exemplary descriptions do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings represent similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings do not constitute a limitation on scale.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the bolt loosening status monitoring device provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the fastener provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the magnetic component provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: Bolt 100, fastener 200, limiting wall 201, hexagonal inner wall 202, positioning hole 203, buckle 204, nut 300, magnetic component 400. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] The following disclosure provides numerous different embodiments or examples for implementing various structures of this application. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. These are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples. Such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed. In addition, various specific examples of processes and materials are provided in this application; however, those skilled in the art will recognize the applicability of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0023] For ease of description, spatial relative terms may be used in the text to describe the relative position or movement of one element or feature relative to another element or feature, as shown in the figure. These relative terms include, for example, "inside," "outside," "middle," "outer," "below," "below," "above," "front," "back," etc. Such spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation, other than those depicted in the figure. For example, if the device in the figure undergoes a positional flip, orientation change, or change of motion, these directional indications will change accordingly. For instance, an element described as "below other elements or features" or "below other elements or features" will subsequently be oriented "above other elements or features" or "above other elements or features." Therefore, the example term "below" can include both upper and lower orientations. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or in other directions), and the spatial relative descriptors used in the text will be interpreted accordingly.

[0024] See Figure 1 and Figure 3 This application provides a bolt loosening state monitoring device, including a magnetic component 400, a fixing component 200, a magnetoresistive sensor, and a controller. The magnetic component 400 is disposed at one end of the bolt 100 to provide a reference magnetic field. The fixing component 200 is connected to the nut 300. The magnetoresistive sensor is disposed on the fixing component 200 and is spatially opposite to the magnetic component 400. The sensitive axis of the magnetoresistive sensor is configured to sense the magnetic field generated by the magnetic component 400. The controller is electrically connected to the magnetoresistive sensor.

[0025] Specifically, the magnetic component 400 is used to provide a stable and detectable reference magnetic field source. When the bolt 100 rotates, the spatial orientation of the magnetic component 400 will also change, thereby changing the magnetic field it generates.

[0026] Specifically, the magnetic element 400 is disposed on the shank of the bolt 100 to provide a reference magnetic field close to the magnetoresistive sensor.

[0027] The bolt loosening status monitoring device provided by this invention has a magnetic component 400 fixed to the end of the bolt 100, and a magnetoresistive sensor connected to the nut 300 via a fixing component 200. When the nut 300 engages with the bolt 100 and the bolt 100 and nut 300 rotate relative to each other, a relative angular displacement is generated between the magnetic component 400 and the magnetoresistive sensor. The magnetic field direction at the location of the magnetoresistive sensor undergoes a detectable change. The magnetoresistive sensor can transmit this change to the controller via a changing electrical signal. This process converts the microscopic mechanical loosening (i.e., the small relative rotation between the nut 300 and bolt 100) in the bolt 100 connection structure, which is difficult to measure directly and in real time, into a changing electrical signal of the magnetic field direction that is easily captured by the magnetoresistive sensor. By processing this changing electrical signal, the controller can accurately calculate the rotation angle of the nut 300 relative to the bolt 100 based on the reference magnetic field, realizing continuous and quantitative measurement of the loosening degree of the bolt 100. This overcomes the shortcomings of low efficiency of manual inspection and the inability of traditional switch-type sensors to quantify, thereby improving the monitoring efficiency of the loosening state of the bolt 100.

[0028] To optimize the above technical solution, the fixing member 200 is cylindrical, the magnetoresistive sensor is fixed to the inner wall of the fixing member 200, and the inner wall of the fixing member 200 is provided with a stop part. When the fixing member 200 is connected to the nut 300, the stop part cooperates with the nut 300.

[0029] Specifically, the internal cavity of the cylindrical fastener 200 is used to install the magnetoresistive sensor, so that the magnetoresistive sensor is protected inside the fastener 200 from the direct impact of external bumps, dust and oil, thereby improving the environmental adaptability of the bolt loosening status monitoring device and extending the service life of the magnetoresistive sensor.

[0030] During installation, the operator connects the cylindrical fastener 200 to the nut 300. By pushing or rotating, the stop portion on the inner wall of the fastener 200 contacts and engages with the corresponding part of the nut 300. The rotational motion of the nut 300 is effectively transmitted to the fastener 200 through the stop portion. Since the magnetoresistive sensor is rigidly fixed to the inner wall of the fastener 200, the magnetoresistive sensor will also rotate synchronously. At this time, the relative angular displacement between the magnetoresistive sensor and the magnetic component 400 at the end of the bolt 100 can accurately reflect the relative rotation between the nut 300 and the bolt 100, thereby improving the monitoring efficiency of the loose state of the bolt 100.

[0031] It should be noted that the nut 300 can be a square nut, flange nut, hexagonal nut, etc., as long as it can achieve a threaded connection with the bolt 100. Further details will not be provided here.

[0032] To ensure the connection stability between the nut 300 and the fastener 200, this application preferably uses a hexagonal nut for the nut 300.

[0033] In some embodiments, the nut 300 is a hexagonal nut. In order to design a stop structure for the hexagonal nut that can achieve both circumferential (rotational) drive and axial limit, and is intuitive to install and tightly connected, the stop is designed as a ring, and the outer edge of the stop is connected to the inner wall of the fastener 200. The inner edge of the stop is a hexagonal hole. When the fastener 200 is connected to the hexagonal nut, the hexagonal nut is fitted into the interior of the hexagonal hole.

[0034] Specifically, the hexagonal hole matches the outline of the hexagonal nut, and its size is designed to accommodate the insertion of the nut 300. During installation, the operator simply aligns the hexagonal hole at the end of the cylindrical fastener 200 with the hexagonal nut and then slides it in axially. When the nut 300 is fully fitted inside the hexagonal hole, the six sides of the nut 300 fully conform to the six inner sides of the hexagonal hole, so that the rotation of the nut 300 can directly drive the rotation of the fastener 200. Furthermore, the annular stop itself constitutes an axial baffle, and the end face of the nut 300 (or the edge that contacts the stop) abuts against this baffle, preventing the fastener 200 from accidentally coming off axially along the bolt 100, thus improving the stability of the connection. Furthermore, the hexagonal hole can guide the fastener 200 and the nut 300 to be aligned, ensuring that the axis of the magnetoresistive sensor is basically coincident with the axis of the bolt 100. This transforms the loosening rotation of the nut 300 into the synchronous rotation of the fastener 200 and the magnetoresistive sensor, thus ensuring the monitoring efficiency of the loosening state of the bolt 100.

[0035] See Figure 2 In some embodiments, the nut 300 is a hexagonal nut. Because the magnetic element 400 is disposed on the shank of the bolt 100, in order to enable the hexagonal nut to achieve circumferential (rotational) drive and axial limiting, while also providing unobstructed passage space for the shank of the bolt 100, the stop part includes a limiting wall 201. The outer edge of the limiting wall 201 is connected to the inner wall of the fixing member 200 radially. The inner edge of the limiting wall 201 encloses to form a through hole for the shank of the bolt 100 to pass through. The limiting wall 201 is used to limit the nut 300 axially along the fixing member 200. The inner wall of the fixing member 200 near the bolt 100 is a hexagonal inner wall 202. The hexagonal nut includes a side surface and an end face away from the bolt 100. When the fixing member 200 is connected to the hexagonal nut, the side surface fits against the hexagonal inner wall 202, and the end face abuts against the limiting wall 201.

[0036] Specifically, the limiting wall 201 is used for axial limiting. When the fixing member 200 is fitted onto the nut 300, see [reference needed]. Figure 2The lower surface of the limiting wall 201 abuts against the end face of the nut 300, thereby preventing the fastener 200 from moving axially. The hexagonal inner wall 202 is used for circumferential limiting. The hexagonal inner wall 202 is machined into the inner wall of the end of the fastener 200 near the bolt 100. That is, the shape of the inner wall of the open end of the cylindrical fastener 200 matches the side profile of the hexagonal nut. When the fastener 200 is fitted with the hexagonal nut, the side of the hexagonal nut fits tightly against the hexagonal inner wall 202. Furthermore, the through hole in the center of the limiting wall 201 ensures that the shank of the bolt 100 (especially the part extending out of the nut 300) is unobstructed and can extend, thereby enhancing the adaptability of the bolt loosening state monitoring device to bolts 100 with different engagement lengths.

[0037] Furthermore, the end face of the nut 300 abuts against the limiting wall 201, the shank of the bolt 100 passes through the through hole, and the magnetic component 400 can be located above the through hole and very close to the limiting wall 201 (even entering the interior of the fixing component 200). At this time, the linear distance between the magnetic component 400 and the magnetoresistive sensor fixed to the inner wall of the fixing component 200 becomes smaller. Because the magnetic field strength generated by the permanent magnet will rapidly decrease with increasing distance, shortening the distance between the two can significantly enhance the magnetic field strength at the magnetoresistive sensor, thereby ensuring the accuracy of monitoring the loose state of the bolt 100.

[0038] To optimize the above technical solution, the bolt loosening status monitoring device also includes a positioning component. Along the radial direction of the fixing component 200, the hexagonal inner wall 202 is provided with at least two positioning holes 203. When the fixing component 200 is connected to the hexagonal nut, the positioning component cooperates with the positioning holes 203 and the positioning component abuts against the side.

[0039] Specifically, the positioning element is used to over-position or lock the fixing element 200 and the hexagonal nut, thereby preventing the fixing element 200 and the hexagonal nut from deflecting and ensuring the accuracy of monitoring the loose state of the bolt 100.

[0040] Specifically, at least two positioning holes 203 are symmetrically and evenly arranged on the hexagonal inner wall 202 to ensure that the hexagonal nut is subjected to uniform force, thereby ensuring the accuracy of monitoring the loosening state of the bolt 100.

[0041] Specifically, the positioning component can be a set screw, a spring pin, a wedge, or other similar parts, as long as it can lock and position the hexagonal nut. Further details will not be provided here.

[0042] In use, the operator places the fixing piece 200 onto the hexagonal nut, ensuring that the side of the hexagonal nut fits against the hexagonal inner wall 202 and the end face abuts against the limiting wall 201. Then, the operator screws or inserts the positioning piece through the positioning hole 203. As the positioning piece is inserted further, its front end eventually abuts against the side of the hexagonal nut, thereby generating a radial clamping force on the hexagonal nut and ensuring the connection reliability of the bolt loosening monitoring device during application.

[0043] To optimize the above technical solution, the bolt loosening status monitoring device also includes at least two clips 204. The first end of the clip 204 is connected to the inner wall of the fastener 200, and the second end of the clip 204 extends toward the axis of the fastener 200. The second end of the clip 204 is used to fix the magnetoresistive sensor.

[0044] During installation, as the magnetoresistive sensor is placed inside the cylindrical fixing member 200, it is pushed in or aligned so that the housing of the magnetoresistive sensor engages with the second ends of at least two clips 204 (for example, the groove on the side of the magnetoresistive sensor engages with the protrusion on the clip 204, or the base of the magnetoresistive sensor is supported and limited from below by multiple clips 204). During operation, when the nut 300 rotates, the rotation is transmitted through the fixing member 200 to the clips 204. The rigid constraint of the clips 204 ensures no relative movement between the magnetoresistive sensor and the fixing member 200, allowing the spatial orientation of the magnetoresistive sensor to strictly follow changes in the fixing member 200 (i.e., the nut 300), thus protecting the magnetoresistive sensor while ensuring the accuracy of monitoring the loosening state of the bolt 100. Furthermore, by setting the buckle 204, high-precision positioning of the magnetoresistive sensor can be achieved, ensuring that the magnetoresistive sensor is installed in the theoretically designed precise position, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the initial spatial relationship between the sensitive axis of the magnetoresistive sensor and the magnetic component 400, and further improving the accuracy of monitoring the loose state of the bolt 100.

[0045] To optimize the above technical solution, the bolt loosening status monitoring device also includes a communication module. The controller is configured to generate monitoring data containing bolt 100 loosening status information based on the changing electrical signal output by the magnetoresistive sensor. The communication module is connected to the controller and is used to receive and output the monitoring data.

[0046] Specifically, the magnetoresistive sensor is used to sense physical changes (the rotation angle of the magnetic component 400 on the shank of bolt 100) and outputs a changing electrical signal. The controller, acting as an intelligent terminal, continuously performs data acquisition, calculation, and judgment. When reporting is required (e.g., timed reporting, reporting triggered by changes exceeding a threshold), the controller sends the monitoring data to the communication module. The communication module receives and outputs the monitoring data to an external network, directly reaching the remote monitoring terminal. Specifically, the communication module can be wired or wireless. Wired communication transmits signals to the remote monitoring terminal via fiber optic cable, while wireless communication uses Bluetooth, 5G (fifth-generation mobile communication technology), or other similar methods.

[0047] This arrangement enables automatic detection without manual inspection, thus overcoming the shortcomings of low efficiency in manual inspection and the inability of traditional switch-type sensors to quantify, and improving the monitoring efficiency of the loose state of bolt 100.

[0048] Furthermore, the magnetoresistive sensor can be powered by a wired power source or by its own battery.

[0049] To optimize the above technical solution, the magnetic component 400 is a magnet, which is magnetically connected or bonded to the end of the bolt 100.

[0050] Specifically, when the end of the bolt 100 is made of a ferromagnetic material (such as steel), the magnet can be directly attracted to the end plane of the bolt 100 by utilizing the attraction between the magnet and the steel. This allows for quick, tool-free installation using physical attraction and typically allows for minor adjustments to the position on the plane.

[0051] Specifically, when the magnet is attached to the end of the bolt 100, a high-strength adhesive (such as epoxy resin or acrylic structural adhesive) can be used to firmly attach the magnet to the end of the bolt 100.

[0052] During the initial installation phase, depending on the material and working conditions of bolt 100, the operator can choose between magnetic or adhesive connection. If magnetic connection is chosen, simply clean the end face of bolt 100 and place the magnet on top. If adhesive connection is chosen, apply adhesive to both the end face of bolt 100 and the magnet, align them, and press them firmly until cured. After installation, the magnet and the end of bolt 100 form a rigid unit. Both connection methods meet the reliability requirements of the magnet-bolt 100 connection, ensuring the magnet will not fall off under long-term, severe vibration, thus guaranteeing monitoring accuracy.

[0053] To optimize the above technical solution, the magnetoresistive sensor is an anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor.

[0054] Specifically, a pair of anisotropic magnetoresistive effect chips with mutually orthogonal (i.e., parallel and perpendicular) sensing axes are integrated within the horizontal plane of the anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor. The chip parallel to the magnet's axis (assuming it's the X-axis) is most sensitive to the magnetic field component in that direction, while the chip perpendicular to the magnet's axis (assuming it's the Y-axis) is most sensitive to the orthogonal magnetic field components. When the relative orientation of the anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor and the magnet remains constant, the two chips output a fixed voltage ratio or difference, corresponding to a known initial angle. When the bolt 100 loosens, causing the nut 300 (which drives the anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor) to rotate relative to the bolt 100 (which drives the magnet), the direction of the magnetic field vector at the anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor changes relative to the coordinate system of the two chips. For example, the magnetic field component sensed by the chip parallel to the magnet's axis decreases from its maximum value, while the magnetic field component sensed by the chip perpendicular to the magnet's axis increases from zero. The output signals of the two chips constitute an information pair capable of determining the change in the angle between the magnetic field direction and the initial coordinate system of the anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor. By collecting and processing the output signals of the two chips, the controller can accurately calculate the offset angle of the magnetic field direction. This angle is directly equal to the rotational loosening angle of the nut 300 relative to the bolt 100, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of low efficiency of manual inspection and the inability of traditional switch-type sensors to quantify, and improving the monitoring efficiency of the loosening state of the bolt 100.

[0055] This application also provides a method for monitoring the loosening state of bolt 100, using a bolt loosening state monitoring device as described in any of the above claims, including: Step S1: Fix the magnetic component 400 to the end of the bolt 100, install the fixing component 200 with the magnetoresistive sensor onto the nut 300 that mates with the bolt 100, and make the magnetoresistive sensor and the magnetic component 400 spatially opposite each other. Step S2: When the nut 300 and the bolt 100 rotate relative to each other, the magnetoresistive sensor senses the change in the direction of the magnetic field caused by the relative angular displacement and outputs the corresponding change electrical signal. Step S3: The controller receives the changing electrical signal and generates monitoring data containing information on the loosening status of bolt 100; Step S4: The communication module receives and outputs monitoring data.

[0056] Furthermore, step S1 also includes a calibration step. The operator can directly calculate the initial relative angle between the magnetoresistive sensor and the magnet by using the fixed voltage ratio or difference output by the two chips of the magnetoresistive sensor. If the deviation is large, the operator can correct the relative angle by rotating the magnet.

[0057] The specific structure of the bolt loosening status monitoring device is as described in the above embodiments. Since this method adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.

[0058] It should be noted that the bolt loosening status monitoring device and method provided by this invention can be used in the field of bolt loosening monitoring equipment technology or other fields. Other fields refer to any field other than the field of bolt loosening monitoring equipment technology. The above are merely examples and do not limit the application areas of the bolt loosening status monitoring device and method provided by this invention.

[0059] It should be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “described” as used herein may also include the plural forms. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” and “having” are inclusive and therefore indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not construed as requiring them to be performed in a particular order described or illustrated unless the order of performance is explicitly indicated. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be used.

[0060] Although terms such as first, second, third, etc., may be used in this document to describe multiple elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be used only to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or segment from another. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms used herein do not imply order or sequence. Therefore, the first element, component, region, layer, or segment discussed below may be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer, or segment without departing from the teachings of the exemplary embodiments.

[0061] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A bolt loosening status monitoring device, characterized in that, The device includes a magnetic component, a fixing component, a magnetoresistive sensor, and a controller. The magnetic component is disposed at one end of a bolt to provide a reference magnetic field. The fixing component is connected to a nut. The magnetoresistive sensor is disposed on the fixing component and spatially opposite to the magnetic component. The sensitive axis of the magnetoresistive sensor is configured to sense the magnetic field generated by the magnetic component. The controller is electrically connected to the magnetoresistive sensor.

2. The bolt loosening status monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing component is cylindrical, the magnetoresistive sensor is fixed to the inner wall of the fixing component, and the inner wall of the fixing component is provided with a stop portion. When the fixing component is connected to the nut, the stop portion cooperates with the nut.

3. The bolt loosening status monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The nut is a hexagonal nut, the stop part is annular, and the outer edge of the stop part is connected to the inner wall of the fixing member. The inner edge of the stop part is a hexagonal hole. When the fixing member is connected to the hexagonal nut, the hexagonal nut is fitted into the interior of the hexagonal hole.

4. The bolt loosening status monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The nut is a hexagonal nut, and the stop portion includes a limiting wall. The outer edge of the limiting wall is connected to the inner wall of the fixing member radially along the fixing member. The inner edge of the limiting wall encloses and forms a through hole for the shank of the bolt to pass through. The limiting wall is used to limit the nut along the axial direction of the fixing member. The inner wall of the fastener near the bolt is a hexagonal inner wall, and the hexagonal nut includes a side surface and an end face away from the bolt; When the fastener is connected to the hexagonal nut, the side surface fits against the hexagonal inner wall, and the end face abuts against the limiting wall.

5. The bolt loosening status monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a positioning element, wherein at least two positioning holes are provided on the hexagonal inner wall along the radial direction of the fixing element; When the fastener is connected to the hexagonal nut, the positioning member engages with the positioning hole and abuts against the side surface.

6. The bolt loosening status monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes at least two clips, the first end of which is connected to the inner wall of the fixing member, the second end of which extends toward the axis of the fixing member, and the second end of which is used to fix the magnetoresistive sensor.

7. The bolt loosening status monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a communication module, and the controller is configured to generate monitoring data containing bolt loosening status information based on the changing electrical signal output by the magnetoresistive sensor; The communication module is connected to the controller and is used to receive and output the monitoring data.

8. The bolt loosening status monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic component is a magnet, which is magnetically connected to or bonded to the end of the bolt.

9. The bolt loosening condition monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The magnetoresistive sensor is an anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor.

10. A method for monitoring bolt loosening status, characterized in that, The bolt loosening condition monitoring device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 includes: Step S1: Fix the magnetic component to the end of the bolt, install the fixing component with the magnetoresistive sensor onto the nut that mates with the bolt, and make the magnetoresistive sensor spatially opposite to the magnetic component; Step S2: When the nut and the bolt rotate relative to each other, the magnetoresistive sensor senses the change in the direction of the magnetic field caused by the relative angular displacement and outputs the corresponding change electrical signal; Step S3: The controller receives the changing electrical signal and generates monitoring data containing information on the bolt loosening status; Step S4: The communication module receives and outputs the monitoring data.

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