Magnetic attraction positioning tool applied to vertical-horizontal conversion five-axis horizontal machining center

Abstract

The invention relates to a magnetic attraction positioning tool applied to a vertical-horizontal conversion five-axis horizontal machining center, and belongs to the field of machine tool machining equipment. The tool comprises a processing machine tool; a processing base is arranged on the processing machine tool; a workbench is rotationally arranged on the machining base. A clamping table is rotationally arranged on the workbench. A magnetic attraction piece is arranged on the clamping table; a positioning shaft is arranged on the magnetic attraction piece; a plurality of fixing blocks are slidably arranged in the circumferential direction of the positioning shaft; the multiple fixing blocks abut against the inner wall of the cylindrical workpiece. A plurality of sliding blocks are arranged on the clamping table in a sliding mode. Clamping blocks are arranged on the multiple sliding blocks in the axial direction of the cylindrical workpiece in a sliding mode. The workbench is provided with a machining part. The clamping block located on the machining part is located below the cylindrical workpiece. The other clamping blocks abut against the outer wall of the cylindrical workpiece. The workpiece clamping device has the technical effects that the workpiece clamping process is simplified, and the clamping precision is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of machine tool processing equipment, and in particular to a magnetic positioning fixture for a vertical-to-horizontal conversion five-axis horizontal machining center. Background Technology

[0002] The vertical-to-horizontal conversion five-axis horizontal machining center combines vertical and horizontal machining functions, enabling multi-angle and multi-station machining of complex parts. It is widely used in aerospace, automotive manufacturing and other fields. In the machining of cylindrical workpieces, especially when machining grooves on the outer wall of the workpiece, the current positioning fixtures for cylindrical workpieces on this type of machining center have many defects: traditional fixtures mostly use a single internal support or external clamping method, which has low positioning accuracy and is prone to radial movement of the workpiece, and cannot meet the high precision requirements of five-axis machining; some fixtures have poor adaptability and are difficult to be compatible with cylindrical workpieces of different specifications, requiring frequent fixture changes and low efficiency.

[0003] Meanwhile, the existing tooling's clamping structure is prone to interference with the machining section, requiring additional adjustments to avoid interference and affecting machining continuity; moreover, the positioning and clamping actions are not synchronized, making operation cumbersome and requiring a lot of manual intervention. In addition, traditional tooling mostly uses mechanical drive, which is complex in structure, has a high failure rate, and is difficult to adapt to the dynamic machining requirements when switching between vertical and horizontal positions, easily leading to machining deviations and affecting product qualification rate.

[0004] Regarding the aforementioned technologies, the inventors believe that there is a drawback: the workpiece clamping and positioning process is cumbersome. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides a magnetic positioning fixture for use in a vertical-to-horizontal conversion five-axis horizontal machining center.

[0006] This application provides a magnetic positioning fixture for a five-axis horizontal machining center that can be converted from vertical to horizontal orientation, employing the following technical solution: A magnetic positioning fixture for a five-axis horizontal machining center capable of vertical-to-horizontal conversion includes a machine tool; the machine tool has a machining base; a worktable is rotatably mounted on the machining base; a clamping table is rotatably mounted on the worktable; a magnetic suction element is mounted on the clamping table; a positioning shaft is mounted on the magnetic suction element; multiple fixing blocks are circumferentially slidably mounted on the positioning shaft; the multiple fixing blocks respectively abut against the inner wall of a cylindrical workpiece; multiple sliders are slidably mounted on the clamping table; clamping blocks are slidably mounted on the sliders along the axial direction of the cylindrical workpiece; the worktable has a machining section; the clamping block located in the machining section is positioned below the cylindrical workpiece; the remaining clamping blocks abut against the outer wall of the cylindrical workpiece.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the magnetic suction component drives the fixing block and the clamping block to move synchronously through magnetic force, realizing the rapid clamping and release of cylindrical workpieces. The operation is convenient and the clamping force is uniform. The fixing block slides circumferentially along the positioning axis and the clamping block slides with the slider. The clamping position can be adaptively adjusted according to the inner and outer diameter specifications of the cylindrical workpiece. There is no need to change the special fixture, which expands the adaptability of the tooling, reduces the cost of fixture replacement and the complexity of operation, and improves the processing efficiency. For the special needs of the worktable processing section, the clamping block located in the processing section can be located below the cylindrical workpiece, giving the processing tool sufficient operating space, effectively avoiding interference between the clamping block and the tool and the processing surface, and ensuring the smooth operation of the vertical-horizontal conversion processing.

[0008] Preferably, a plurality of driving blocks are slidably disposed on the positioning shaft along its axial direction; each of the plurality of driving blocks has a driving inclined surface; each of the plurality of fixing blocks has a driven inclined surface; the plurality of driving inclined surfaces are respectively in contact with the plurality of driven inclined surfaces; a first elastic element is connected between the driving block and the positioning shaft; the first elastic element is used to provide a force for the driving block to move away from the magnetic attractor.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the axial sliding of the driving block is converted into the radial sliding of the fixed block through the fit between the driving and driven inclined surfaces of the driving block and the fixed block. The transmission structure is simple and efficient, and multiple fixed blocks can move synchronously. Compared with the traditional distributed driving structure, the fit between the driving and driven inclined surfaces ensures that multiple fixed blocks move towards or retract towards the inner wall of the workpiece simultaneously, with uniform clamping force. This avoids workpiece positioning deviation caused by the lag or insufficient force of a single fixed block, further improving the consistency and accuracy of the workpiece inner wall positioning. The first elastic element connecting the driving block and the positioning shaft can always provide the driving block with a force away from the magnetic suction component. When the magnetic suction component is de-energized, the first elastic element can automatically push the driving block to axially reset, and then drive the fixed block to retract radially through the inclined surface fit, automatically releasing the support and positioning of the workpiece inner wall. There is no need for manual reset of the fixed block, simplifying the workpiece loading and unloading operation process and improving processing efficiency.

[0010] Preferably, a sealing airbag is provided at the top of the positioning shaft; the sealing airbag abuts against the inner wall of the cylindrical workpiece.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the sealing airbag tightly abuts against the inner wall of the cylindrical workpiece, forming a sealing barrier that effectively blocks metal chips, cutting fluid, and other impurities generated during vertical-horizontal five-axis machining. This prevents them from entering the mating gaps of the positioning axis, drive block, and fixed block, as well as the surface of the magnetic suction component. It effectively prevents component jamming and wear caused by chips, avoids the attenuation of the magnetic force of the magnetic suction component due to chips, reduces the tooling failure rate, significantly extends the service life of core components such as the positioning axis, drive block, and magnetic suction component, and lowers tooling maintenance costs. The sealing airbag has good flexibility and elasticity, and when it abuts against the inner wall of the cylindrical workpiece, it can adaptively conform to the fine contours of the workpiece's inner wall, filling the tiny gaps between the fixed block and the workpiece's inner wall, further restricting the radial movement of the workpiece and assisting the fixed block in achieving more stable inner wall positioning. At the same time, the flexible fit avoids damage to the inner wall of the workpiece caused by rigid contact, making it particularly suitable for cylindrical workpieces with fine irregularities on the inner wall or high precision requirements, ensuring both positioning accuracy and protecting the workpiece's machined surface.

[0012] Preferably, each of the plurality of drive blocks is provided with a compression rod; one end of each of the plurality of compression rods passes through the sealing airbag and is connected to a compression plate; the compression plate abuts against the sealing airbag.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the extrusion rod, extrusion plate and drive block are fixedly connected and can move synchronously with the axial sliding of the drive block. When the magnetic suction component is energized, the drive block slides downward to realize the radial expansion of the fixed block and the positioning of the inner wall of the workpiece. At the same time, the drive block drives the extrusion rod and extrusion plate to move downward. The extrusion plate generates a uniform extrusion force on the sealing airbag, so that the sealing airbag expands uniformly in the circumference and fits tightly against the inner wall of the cylindrical workpiece to form a seamless seal. This makes the sealing action and the positioning action trigger and arrive at the same time, avoiding the sealing failure caused by insufficient or uneven contact force of the sealing airbag. It ensures that machining debris and cutting fluid cannot invade the core components of the tooling, further improving the sealing reliability and protecting the positioning shaft, drive block, magnetic suction component and other components.

[0014] Preferably, a first sleeve is connected to one end of the slider near the magnetic attractor; a second sleeve is inserted into the first sleeve; a plug is inserted into the second sleeve; there are magnetic attraction gaps between the plug and the second sleeve and between the second sleeve and the first sleeve; the two magnetic attraction gaps are connected.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the first sleeve, the second sleeve, and the insert block are nested and inserted, forming a stepped telescopic linkage structure with the magnetic gap between them. Compared with the traditional fixed-length drive structure, this application realizes multi-stage telescopic adjustment of the slider and clamping block according to the outer diameter specifications of the cylindrical workpiece. By reducing and increasing the magnetic gap, the sleeve is driven to move closer or separate step by step, thereby adjusting the distance between the clamping block and the magnetic component. This adapts to cylindrical workpieces with different outer diameters without the need to replace the slider or clamping block, greatly expanding the tooling's adaptability, reducing fixture replacement costs, improving processing versatility, and further enhancing the stability and accuracy of outer wall clamping, thus meeting the high-precision machining requirements of five-axis vertical-horizontal conversion.

[0016] Preferably, the first sleeve and the second sleeve are respectively provided with receiving grooves; the two receiving grooves correspond to the two magnetic attraction gaps respectively; each of the two receiving grooves has a flexible support block; one side of each of the two flexible support blocks is located in the two magnetic attraction gaps respectively.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the flexible support block has one side located within the magnetic attraction gap and the other side placed in the corresponding receiving groove. This provides stable and flexible support for the magnetic attraction gap between the insert block and the second sleeve, and between the second sleeve and the first sleeve. This ensures that the magnetic attraction gap maintains a preset distance in the initial state, preventing the sleeve and insert block from shifting or sticking together due to gravity or slight vibration. At the same time, the flexible support block can adaptively buffer the impact force when the sleeve and insert block approach, making the sleeve's step-by-step approach movement smoother and avoiding component wear caused by rigid collisions. This further ensures the smoothness of the graded telescopic linkage, ensuring that the clamping block can accurately adjust its stroke according to the outer diameter of the cylindrical workpiece, adapting to different specifications of workpieces and improving processing versatility. When the magnetic attraction component loses power or demagnetizes, or when the sleeve and insert block are separated by air pressure, the flexible support block can rely on its own elasticity to reset, pushing the insert block, the second sleeve, and the first sleeve to separate from each other, reopening the magnetic attraction gap, and assisting the slider and clamping block to quickly reset to their initial positions without manual adjustment. This further simplifies the operation process of workpiece loading and unloading and station switching, improving processing efficiency.

[0018] Preferably, the worktable has a clearance groove at the machining section; the clearance groove corresponds to any of the clamping blocks.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the clamping block corresponding to the machining section can fall into the clearance groove, providing sufficient clearance space for the tool to machine the bottom and inner structure of the cylindrical workpiece, ensuring the integrity and smoothness of the machining path, without interrupting the overall clamping, and ensuring machining stability. Only the single clamping block at the machining position clears the clearance, while the remaining clamping blocks still maintain reliable clamping of the outer wall of the cylindrical workpiece. This achieves machining clearance while maintaining the workpiece clamping rigidity, effectively suppressing machining vibration, and improving machining accuracy and surface quality. The clearance groove structure is simple and reliable, requiring no additional drive clearance mechanism. The clearance groove is directly opened in the machining section of the worktable, and the automatic clearance and reset of the clamping block can be achieved by using magnetic attraction and sleeve telescopic structure. There is no need to add a complex clearance drive device. The structure is simple, the action is reliable, and the failure rate is low. It is suitable for continuous multi-station machining, improving machining efficiency. When the clamping table rotates and changes position, the clamping block can automatically enter or leave the clearance groove with the change of position, realizing uninterrupted continuous machining, eliminating the steps of repeatedly disassembling and repositioning the workpiece, and improving machining efficiency.

[0020] Preferably, an abutment block is provided at one end of the clamping block near the relief groove; a second elastic member is connected between the abutment block and the slider; the second elastic member is used to provide a force for the abutment block to approach the relief groove.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the second elastic element continuously provides a force to the abutting block and the clamping block to approach the relief groove. When the clamping block rotates with the clamping table to the processing section, it can automatically fall into the relief groove under the action of the elastic force to complete the tool avoidance. There is no need to add a motor, cylinder or other avoidance drive device. The structure is simple and the operation is reliable.

[0022] Preferably, the clamping platform is provided with an air supply unit; the air supply unit includes an air pump and multiple air pipes; the air pump is disposed on the clamping platform; one end of each of the multiple air pipes is connected to the air pump, and the other end is connected to multiple magnetic gaps.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the air pump directly supplies air into the magnetic gap through the air pipe. The air pressure can be used to forcibly separate the mutually attracted insert, the second sleeve, and the first sleeve, reopening the magnetic gap and driving the slider and clamping block away from the workpiece. The reset is rapid and the action is reliable, solving the problems of incomplete reset and easy jamming when relying solely on magnetic force or elastic components. There is no need to re-clamp, power off, or manual intervention, which significantly improves processing efficiency. The reset force can be adjusted by controlling the air pump supply pressure. The action is gentle and impact-free, avoiding loosening, displacement, or collision of the workpiece during the repositioning process. At the same time, it reduces the rigid impact and wear of components such as sleeves and sliders, extending the service life of the tooling.

[0024] Preferably, a cleaning block is slidably disposed on the clamping block along the axial direction of the positioning shaft; a groove is formed inside the clamping block; one end of the cleaning block is located in the groove; a clearance rod is slidably disposed on the cleaning block along the vertical direction; the clearance rod has a first inclined surface; a pressing block is slidably disposed on the cleaning block; one end of the pressing block has a second inclined surface; the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface are in contact; an air storage cavity is formed inside the slider; the air storage cavity is connected to the magnetic attraction gap; a first air hole is formed on the clamping block; a second air hole is formed on the slider and connected to the air storage cavity; after the clamping block slides, the first air hole and the second air hole are aligned or misaligned; a cleaning hole is formed on the cleaning block and connected to the groove.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, when the clamping block is reset and approaches the workpiece, the squeezing block triggers the release rod to move. The pressurized gas in the air storage chamber pushes the cleaning block to rise axially along the positioning shaft and slide along the machined groove of the workpiece, scraping away residual debris in the groove through mechanical scraping. At the same time, some gas is ejected from the cleaning hole to flush the machining groove with airflow, achieving a dual effect of mechanical scraping and airflow cleaning, effectively removing residual debris. The air storage chamber is connected to the magnetic suction gap, and the gas comes from the residual gas after the air supply unit fills the magnetic suction gap, eliminating the need for additional cleaning drive components such as air pumps and cylinders. The cleaning action is triggered by the sliding of the clamping block and the contact between the squeezing block and the workpiece, eliminating the need for manual operation or additional control. This achieves synchronous linkage between cleaning, clamping, and reset actions, simplifying the overall structure of the tooling, reducing manufacturing costs and failure rates, and improving ease of operation.

[0026] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The magnetic clamping mechanism drives the fixed block and the clamping block to move synchronously via magnetic force, enabling rapid clamping and release of cylindrical workpieces. This provides convenient operation and uniform clamping force. The fixed block slides circumferentially along the positioning axis, while the clamping block slides with the slider. The clamping position can be adaptively adjusted according to the inner and outer diameter specifications of the cylindrical workpiece, eliminating the need to replace special fixtures. This expands the tooling's adaptability, reduces fixture replacement costs and operational complexity, and improves processing efficiency. For the specific needs of the worktable machining section, the clamping block located below the cylindrical workpiece provides ample operating space for the machining tool, effectively preventing interference between the clamping block and the tool or machining surface, ensuring smooth vertical-to-horizontal machining transitions.

[0027] 2. The first sleeve, the second sleeve, and the insert block adopt a nested insertion structure, which, together with the magnetic gap between them, forms a stepped telescopic linkage structure. Compared with the traditional fixed-length drive structure, this application realizes multi-stage telescopic adjustment of the slider and clamping block according to the outer diameter specification of the cylindrical workpiece. By reducing and increasing the magnetic gap, the sleeve is driven to move closer or separate step by step, thereby adjusting the distance between the clamping block and the magnetic component. This adapts to cylindrical workpieces with different outer diameters without the need to replace the slider or clamping block, greatly expanding the tooling's adaptability, reducing fixture replacement costs, improving processing versatility, and further improving the stability and accuracy of outer wall clamping, adapting to the high-precision machining requirements of five-axis vertical-horizontal conversion.

[0028] 3. When the clamping block returns to its position and approaches the workpiece, the squeezing block triggers the release lever. The pressurized gas in the air storage chamber pushes the cleaning block to rise axially along the positioning shaft and slide along the machined groove of the workpiece, mechanically scraping away residual debris in the groove. At the same time, some gas is ejected from the cleaning hole, rinsing the machining groove with airflow, achieving a dual effect of mechanical scraping and airflow cleaning, efficiently removing residual debris. The air storage chamber is connected to the magnetic suction gap, and the gas comes from the residual gas after the air supply unit fills the magnetic suction gap, eliminating the need for additional air pumps, cylinders, or other debris-clearing drive components. The debris-clearing action is triggered by the sliding of the clamping block and the contact between the squeezing block and the workpiece, requiring no manual operation or additional control. This achieves synchronous linkage between debris clearing, clamping, and resetting actions, simplifying the overall tooling structure, reducing manufacturing costs and failure rates, and improving operational convenience. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a magnetic positioning fixture used in a five-axis horizontal machining center that can be converted from vertical to horizontal.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping state of the cylindrical workpiece in the embodiment.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping stage in the embodiment.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the clamping state of the clamping block in the embodiment.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the positioning shaft in the embodiment.

[0034] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A magnified view of part A in the image.

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping block in the embodiment.

[0036] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the first sleeve, the second sleeve, and the insert block in the embodiment.

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the insert block in the embodiment.

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the relief groove in the embodiment.

[0039] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Machine tool; 11. Machining base; 2. Worktable; 21. Relief groove; 22. Air pipe; 3. Clamping table; 31. Slider; 311. Air storage chamber; 312. Second air hole; 32. Clamping block; 321. Abutment block; 322. Second elastic element; 323. Cleaning block; 3231. Cleaning hole; 324. Slide groove; 325. First air hole; 33. First sleeve; 34. Second sleeve; 35. Insert block; 351. Arc surface; 36. Magnetic suction gap; 37. Receiving groove; 371. Flexible support block; 38. Relief rod; 39. Extrusion block; 4. Magnetic suction element; 5. Positioning shaft; 51. Fixing block; 511. Driven inclined surface; 52. Driving block; 521. Driving inclined surface; 53. First elastic element; 54. Sealing airbag; 55. Extrusion rod; 56. Extrusion plate; 6. Cylindrical workpiece. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-10 This application will be described in further detail.

[0041] This application discloses a magnetic positioning fixture for use in a five-axis horizontal machining center capable of vertical-to-horizontal conversion. (Refer to...) Figure 1-6 The system includes a machine tool 1; the machine tool 1 has a machining base 11; a worktable 2 is rotatably mounted on the machining base 11; a clamping table 3 is rotatably mounted on the worktable 2; a magnetic suction element 4 is mounted on the clamping table 3; the magnetic suction element 4 is a disc-shaped electromagnet; the magnetic suction element 4 is electrically connected to a power source; after the power source is turned on and energized, the magnetic suction element 4 attracts and fixes the cylindrical workpiece 6, firmly fixing the cylindrical workpiece 6 on the clamping table 3; a stainless steel 30mm thick surface is mounted on the magnetic suction element 4. The positioning shaft 5 is made of 4 / 316 stainless steel; multiple fixing blocks 51 are slidably arranged around the positioning shaft 5; after sliding, the multiple fixing blocks 51 abut against the inner wall of the cylindrical workpiece 6 respectively; multiple sliders 31 are slidably arranged on the clamping table 3; clamping blocks 32 are slidably arranged on the multiple sliders 31 along the axial direction of the cylindrical workpiece 6 respectively; the worktable 2 has a processing part; the clamping block 32 located in the processing part is located below the cylindrical workpiece 6; the remaining clamping blocks 32 abut against the outer wall of the cylindrical workpiece 6 respectively.

[0042] Multiple drive blocks 52 are slidably arranged on the positioning shaft 5 along its axial direction; each drive block 52 has a drive inclined surface 521; each fixed block 51 has a driven inclined surface 511; the drive inclined surface 521 is in contact with the driven inclined surface 511; after the power is turned on and the magnetic suction component 4 is powered on, the magnetic suction component 4 attracts the multiple drive blocks 52, pulls the drive blocks 52 downward, the drive inclined surface 521 squeezes the driven inclined surface 511, and squeezes the fixed block 51 towards the cylindrical workpiece 6, thereby abutting against the inner wall of the cylindrical workpiece 6, thereby positioning the cylindrical workpiece 6; a first elastic element 53 is connected between the drive block 52 and the positioning shaft 5; the first elastic element 53 is a spring; the first elastic element 53 is used to provide a force for the drive block 52 to move away from the magnetic suction component 4; when the power is turned off, the magnetic force of the magnetic suction component 4 disappears, and the first elastic element 53 pushes the drive block 52 to reset; the fixed block 51 is made of stainless steel 304 / 316; the drive block 52 is made of iron.

[0043] Reference Figures 3 to 6 A sealing airbag 54 is provided at the top of the positioning shaft 5; the sealing airbag 54 abuts against the inner wall of the cylindrical workpiece 6; a plurality of driving blocks 52 are respectively provided with extrusion rods 55; one end of each of the plurality of extrusion rods 55 passes through the sealing airbag 54 and is connected to an extrusion plate 56; the extrusion plate 56 abuts against the sealing airbag 54, and after the plurality of driving blocks 52 move downward, they drive the plurality of extrusion rods 55 respectively, and pull the extrusion plate 56 downward to extrude the sealing airbag 54. After the sealing airbag 54 is compressed, its periphery extends outward and abuts against the inner wall of the cylindrical workpiece 6, sealing the inside of the cylindrical workpiece 6 and preventing processing debris from falling from the inside of the cylindrical workpiece 6 onto the magnetic suction component 4.

[0044] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 8The slider 31 is connected to a first sleeve 33 near the magnetic component 4; a second sleeve 34 is inserted into the first sleeve 33; an insert block 35 is inserted into the second sleeve 34; magnetic gaps 36 are respectively formed between the insert block 35 and the bottom plate of the second sleeve 34, and between the bottom plate of the second sleeve 34 and the bottom plate of the first sleeve 33; specifically, the first sleeve 33 and the second sleeve 34 are respectively welded from stainless steel 304 / 316 cylinder walls and iron bottom plates; the insert block 35 is made of iron; a connecting hole is opened on the bottom plate of the second sleeve 34 to connect the two magnetic gaps 36. The first sleeve 33 and the second sleeve 34 are respectively provided with receiving grooves 37; the two receiving grooves 37 correspond to the two magnetic attraction gaps 36 respectively; each of the two receiving grooves 37 has a flexible support block 371; the flexible support block 371 is a hollow sphere made of rubber; one side of each of the two flexible support blocks 371 is located in the two magnetic attraction gaps 36 respectively, and the other side is located in the two receiving grooves 37 respectively; two receiving grooves 37 can be provided in the first sleeve 33 and the second sleeve 34 respectively, and each magnetic attraction gap 36 corresponds to two receiving grooves 37; in the initial state, multiple flexible supports Block 371 separates the insert block 35, the first sleeve 33, and the second sleeve 34, forming two magnetic gaps 36. When the magnetic suction member 4 attracts the driving block 52, it simultaneously attracts the insert block 35. The insert block 35 pulls the first sleeve 33, the second sleeve 34, and the slider 31 to move onto the cylindrical workpiece 6. When the insert block 35 is attracted to the magnetic suction member 4, and the clamping block 32 on the slider 31 is not in contact with the outer wall of the cylindrical workpiece 6, the insertion block 35 will generate a magnetic force due to contact with the magnetic suction member 4, thereby attracting the second sleeve 34. The second sleeve 34 moves toward the insert block 35 and squeezes the flexible support block 371. Press the second sleeve 34 into the receiving groove 37 until it fits against the insert block 35. When the second sleeve 34 moves, it will pull the first sleeve 33, which in turn will drive the slider 31 to move. If the clamping block 32 abuts against the outer wall of the cylindrical workpiece 6, the clamping work of the clamping block 32 is completed. If the clamping block 32 still does not contact the outer wall of the cylindrical workpiece 6, the second sleeve 34 will attract the first sleeve 33 until the clamping block 32 abuts against the outer wall of the cylindrical workpiece 6. A third sleeve, a fourth sleeve, ... an nth sleeve can be added between the insert block 35 and the second sleeve 34 to increase the sliding distance of the slider 31.

[0045] Reference Figure 10 The workbench 2 has a clearance groove 21 at the processing section; the clearance groove 21 corresponds to any clamping block 32 located in the processing section; an abutment block 321 is provided at one end of the clamping block 32 near the clearance groove 21; a second elastic element 322 is connected between the abutment block 321 and the slider 31; the second elastic element 322 is a spring; the second elastic element 322 is used to provide a force for the abutment block 321 to approach the clearance groove 21, so that the clamping block 32 at the processing section automatically enters the clearance groove 21.

[0046] Reference Figures 7 to 9As the clamping block 32 at the machining section moves away from the cylindrical workpiece 6, the slider 31 continues to move towards the magnetic suction member 4 after the clamping block 32 loses the obstruction of the cylindrical workpiece 6, thus placing the clamping block 32 at the machining section below the cylindrical workpiece 6. Therefore, after the clamping table 3 rotates, the slider 31 at the machining section needs to be reset first. An air supply unit is provided on the clamping table 3; the air supply unit includes an air pump and multiple air pipes 22; the air pump is provided on the clamping table 3; one end of each of the multiple air pipes 22 is connected to the air pump, and the other end is connected to multiple magnetic suction gaps 36; after machining a groove on the cylindrical workpiece 6, the clamping table 3 is rotated to move the next machining position of the workpiece to the machining section; at the same time, the air pump is started, and the bottom plate of the first sleeve 33, the bottom plate of the second sleeve 34, and the insert block 35 each have an arc surface 351 facing the air pipe 22; the air pump supplies air to the multiple magnetic suction gaps 36 through the multiple air pipes 22. Gas is injected into the arc surface 351 and impacts it. When gas is injected into the multiple magnetic gaps 36, the power supply can be reduced to reduce the magnetic force of the magnetic component 4. After the gas pressure accumulates at the arc surface 351, the first sleeve 33, the second sleeve 34 and the insert block 35 are separated, and the magnetic gaps 36 are reopened. The slider 31 drives the clamping block 32 away from the cylindrical workpiece 6 and resets. After the air pump stops supplying gas, the magnetic component 4 attracts the insert block 35, the first sleeve 33, the second sleeve 34 and the slider 31, so that each clamping block 32 re-clamps the cylindrical workpiece 6.

[0047] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 8A cleaning block 323 is slidably disposed on the clamping block 32 along the axial direction of the positioning shaft 5; a groove 324 is formed inside the clamping block 32; one end of the cleaning block 323 is located inside the groove 324; a clearance rod 38 is slidably disposed on the cleaning block 323 along the vertical direction; the clearance rod 38 has a first inclined surface; a pressing block 39 is slidably disposed on the cleaning block; one end of the pressing block 39 has a second inclined surface; the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface are in contact; an air storage cavity 311 is provided inside the slider 31; the air storage cavity 311 is connected to the magnetic attraction gap 36; and a first air hole is provided on the clamping block 32. 325; The slider 31 has a second air hole 312 communicating with the air storage chamber 311; After the clamping block slides, the first air hole 325 and the second air hole 312 are aligned or misaligned; The gas pumped into the multiple magnetic gaps 36 by the air pump flows into the air storage chamber 311 for storage. When the clamping block 32 is located in the entry relief groove 21, the first air hole 325 and the second air hole 312 are misaligned; When the clamping block 32 is disengaged from the relief groove 21, the first air hole 325 and the second air hole 312 are aligned. At this time, the air pump is turned off because there is no direct air supply from the air pump in the magnetic gaps 36. The pressure exerted by the magnetic suction element 4 allows it to attract the insert block 35, the first sleeve 33, the second sleeve 34, and the slider 31, squeezing the gas in the magnetic gap 36 into the gas storage chamber 311. The slider 31 moves towards the cylindrical workpiece 6, and the extrusion block 39 on the cleaning block 323 first abuts against the cylindrical workpiece 6, squeezing the extrusion block 39 into the cleaning block 323. The second inclined surface squeezes the first inclined surface, causing the relief rod 38 to slide. After the relief rod 38 slides, a notch is formed at the bottom of the cleaning block 323. The first air hole 325 aligns with the notch, at which point the gas storage chamber 311... The pressurized gas inside 11 enters the notch and pushes the cleaning block 323 upward; at the machined groove of the cylindrical workpiece 6, the cleaning block 323 moves along the machined groove and scrapes off the residual debris in the machined groove; the cleaning block 323 has a cleaning hole 3231 that communicates with the slide groove 324; the diameter of the cleaning hole 3231 is much smaller than the inner diameter of the slide groove 324, so that some of the gas in the slide groove 324 is ejected from the cleaning hole 3231 and flushes the machined groove. At the same time, the cleaning hole 3231 also plays a role in depressurization, which makes it easier for the cleaning block 323 to reset.

[0048] The working principle of the magnetic positioning fixture used in a vertical-to-horizontal conversion five-axis horizontal machining center in this application is as follows: The cylindrical workpiece 6 is placed outside the positioning shaft 5 of the clamping table 3, so that the bottom of the workpiece is close to the disc-shaped magnetic suction member 4. At this time, the magnetic suction member 4 is not energized, the first elastic member 53 lifts the driving block 52, and the fixed block 51 is in a retracted state and does not contact the inner wall of the workpiece. The multi-stage sleeve structure (first sleeve 33, second sleeve 34, and insert block 35) maintains the magnetic suction gap 36 under the support of the flexible support block 371, and the slider 31 and the clamping block 32 are in the initial position away from the workpiece.

[0049] Subsequently, the magnetic suction component 4 is energized to generate magnetic force, which simultaneously attracts the iron driving block 52 and the insertion block 35. The magnetic suction block pulls the driving block 52 downward, and the driving inclined surface 521 on the driving block 52 presses the driven inclined surface 511 of the fixed block 51, pushing multiple fixed blocks 51 to expand radially outward along the positioning shaft 5, uniformly pressing against the inner wall of the cylindrical workpiece 6, realizing automatic centering and internal support positioning. The driving block 52 moves down and simultaneously drives the extrusion rod 55 and the extrusion plate 56 to press the sealing airbag 54 downward. The airbag expands circumferentially and fits tightly against the inner wall of the workpiece, sealing the inner cavity of the workpiece and preventing processing debris from falling into the magnetic suction component 4 and the positioning shaft 5.

[0050] The outer wall adaptive clamping magnetic adsorption iron insert 35, the insert 35 sequentially pulls the second sleeve 34 and the first sleeve 33, causing the slider 31 and clamping block 32 to move closer to the outer wall of the workpiece; the multi-stage sleeves maintain a magnetic attraction gap 36 and rely on the flexible support block 371 for graded action: The insert block 35 is first attracted and drives the second sleeve 34; the sleeve moves until the clamping block 32 abuts against the outer wall of the workpiece and then stops; if there is still a gap, the subsequent sleeves are attracted and brought together in stages until all the clamping blocks 32 press against the outer wall of the workpiece, so as to achieve synchronous clamping inside and outside.

[0051] The clamping block 32, which is directly below the workpiece and faces the machining section of the machine tool, can fall into the clearance groove 21 of the worktable 2 under the action of the second elastic element 322, so that the clamping block 32 is lower than the bottom of the workpiece, making room for the tool to process; the remaining clamping blocks 32 still hold the outer wall of the workpiece, ensuring rigidity and stability during processing.

[0052] When a workstation is completed and the clamping table 3 needs to be rotated to switch the processing position, the current of the magnetic suction component 4 is reduced to decrease the magnetic force. The air pump is started, and air is supplied to the magnetic suction gap 36 of the multi-stage sleeve through the air pipe 22. The gas impacts the arc surface 351 of the sleeve and the insert block 35, pushing the mutually attracted sleeve and insert block 35 apart and re-forming the magnetic suction gap 36. Under the action of air pressure and gap reset, the slider 31 drives the clamping block 32 away from the workpiece, releasing the outer wall clamping. After the clamping table 3 rotates to the next processing station, the air pump stops supplying air, the magnetic suction component 4 restores its magnetic force, and attracts the drive block 52 and the multi-stage sleeve again, completing the inner wall centering + outer wall clamping re-locking, and entering the next processing station.

[0053] During the process of the clamping block 32 resetting and approaching the workpiece again, the gas in the magnetic gap 36 is squeezed into the air storage chamber 311 of the slider 31 for storage; after the clamping block 32 leaves the relief groove 21, the first air hole 325 aligns with the second air hole 312; the extrusion block 39 on the cleaning block 323 first contacts the outer wall of the workpiece, and drives the relief rod 38 to slide through the inclined plane transmission, forming a ventilation gap at the bottom of the cleaning block 323; the pressurized gas in the air storage chamber 311 enters the gap, lifting the cleaning block 323 along the workpiece axis; the cleaning block 323 moves along the machined groove of the workpiece, scraping off the residual debris in the groove, while some gas is ejected from the cleaning hole 3231 to blow and flush the machining groove, realizing the combination of mechanical scraping and airflow cleaning; the cleaning hole 3231 also plays a role in depressurization, ensuring that the cleaning block 323 can fall back and reset smoothly after the cleaning is completed.

[0054] After all processing is completed, the magnetic suction component 4 is de-energized and loses its magnetism; the first elastic component 53 pushes the drive block 52 to move upward and reset, the fixed block 51 retracts radially, and the inner wall support is released; the sealing airbag 54 rebounds and resets; with the air supply unit inflating, the multi-stage sleeve is completely separated, the slider 31 drives the clamping block 32 to move outward, and the outer wall clamping is released; the workpiece can be safely removed, completing one processing cycle.

[0055] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A magnetic positioning fixture for use in a five-axis horizontal machining center that can be converted from vertical to horizontal, characterized in that: The machine tool (1) includes a machining base (11) on which a worktable (2) is rotatably mounted; a clamping table (3) is rotatably mounted on the worktable (2); a magnetic suction element (4) is mounted on the clamping table (3); a positioning shaft (5) is mounted on the magnetic suction element (4); a plurality of fixing blocks (51) are slidably mounted on the positioning shaft (5); the plurality of fixing blocks (51) respectively abut against the inner wall of the cylindrical workpiece (6); a plurality of sliders (31) are slidably mounted on the clamping table (3); a clamping block (32) is slidably mounted on the sliders (31) along the axial direction of the cylindrical workpiece (6); the worktable (2) has a machining section; the clamping block (32) located in the machining section is located below the cylindrical workpiece (6); the remaining clamping blocks (32) abut against the outer wall of the cylindrical workpiece (6).

2. The magnetic positioning fixture for a five-axis horizontal machining center that can be converted from vertical to horizontal as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple drive blocks (52) are slidably disposed on the positioning shaft (5) along its axial direction; each of the multiple drive blocks (52) has a drive inclined surface (521); each of the multiple fixed blocks (51) has a driven inclined surface (511); the multiple drive inclined surfaces (521) are respectively in contact with the multiple driven inclined surfaces (511); a first elastic element (53) is connected between the drive block (52) and the positioning shaft (5); the first elastic element (53) is used to provide a force for the drive block (52) to move away from the magnetic suction element (4).

3. The magnetic positioning fixture for a five-axis horizontal machining center that can be converted from vertical to horizontal as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the positioning shaft (5) is provided with a sealing airbag (54); the sealing airbag (54) abuts against the inner wall of the cylindrical workpiece (6).

4. The magnetic positioning fixture for a five-axis horizontal machining center that can be converted from vertical to horizontal as described in claim 3, characterized in that: Each of the multiple drive blocks (52) is provided with a squeezing rod (55); one end of each of the multiple squeezing rods (55) passes through the sealing airbag (54) and is connected to a squeezing plate (56); the squeezing plate (56) abuts against the sealing airbag (54).

5. The magnetic positioning fixture for a five-axis horizontal machining center that can be converted from vertical to horizontal as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The slider (31) is connected to a first sleeve (33) at one end near the magnetic attractor (4); a second sleeve (34) is inserted into the first sleeve (33); a plug (35) is inserted into the second sleeve (34); there are magnetic gaps (36) between the plug (35) and the second sleeve (34) and between the second sleeve (34) and the first sleeve (33); the two magnetic gaps (36) are connected.

6. The magnetic positioning fixture for a five-axis horizontal machining center that can be converted from vertical to horizontal as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The first sleeve (33) and the second sleeve (34) are respectively provided with receiving grooves (37); the two receiving grooves (37) correspond to the two magnetic gaps (36); the two receiving grooves (37) are respectively provided with flexible support blocks (371); one side of the two flexible support blocks (371) is located in the two magnetic gaps (36).

7. A magnetic positioning fixture for a five-axis horizontal machining center that can be converted from vertical to horizontal as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The workbench (2) has a clearance groove (21) at the processing section; the clearance groove (21) corresponds to any of the clamping blocks (32).

8. The magnetic positioning fixture for a five-axis horizontal machining center that can be converted from vertical to horizontal as described in claim 7, characterized in that: An abutment block (321) is provided at one end of the clamping block (32) near the relief groove (21); a second elastic member (322) is connected between the abutment block (321) and the slider (31); the second elastic member (322) is used to provide a force for the abutment block (321) to approach the relief groove (21).

9. A magnetic positioning fixture for a five-axis horizontal machining center that can be converted from vertical to horizontal as described in claim 8, characterized in that: An air supply unit is provided on the clamping platform (3); the air supply unit includes an air pump and multiple air pipes (22); the air pump is provided on the clamping platform (3); one end of each of the multiple air pipes (22) is connected to the air pump, and the other end is connected to multiple magnetic gaps (36).

10. A magnetic positioning fixture for a five-axis horizontal machining center that can be converted from vertical to horizontal as described in claim 9, characterized in that: A cleaning block (323) is slidably disposed on the clamping block (32) along the axial direction of the positioning shaft (5); a groove (324) is provided in the clamping block (32); one end of the cleaning block (323) is located in the groove (324); a relief rod (38) is slidably disposed on the cleaning block (323) along the vertical direction; the relief rod (38) has a first inclined surface; a pressing block (39) is slidably disposed on the cleaning block (323); one end of the pressing block (39) has a second inclined surface; the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface are slidably disposed on the cleaning block (323). The surfaces are in contact; the slider (31) has an air storage cavity (311); the air storage cavity (311) is connected to the magnetic gap (36); the clamping block (32) has a first air hole (325); the slider (31) has a second air hole (312) connected to the air storage cavity (311); after the clamping block (32) slides, the first air hole (325) and the second air hole (312) are aligned or misaligned; the cleaning block (323) has a cleaning hole (3231) connected to the slide groove (324).

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