Method for regulating and controlling carbon emission in construction stage of high-density block

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-density block construction stage carbon emission regulation and control method, and belongs to the technical field of building carbon emission, and the method comprises the steps: S1, estimating the total carbon emission S of one-time synchronous construction of a block; s2, measuring and calculating the maximum theoretical carbon reduction rate Ja in a municipal advance and building block cooperation mode, and setting a reasonable total carbon emission target M according to the maximum theoretical carbon reduction rate Ja; s3, block collaborative planning and low-carbon process selection are carried out based on the target M, a construction implementation scheme is generated, and it is ensured that the expected carbon emission K1 is smaller than or equal to M; and S4, decomposing K1 into a dynamic monitoring reference, monitoring actual emission data in real time during construction, comparing the actual emission data with the reference, and performing dynamic regulation and control to form closed-loop management. According to the method, a whole process system from carbon target setting, collaborative planning, dynamic monitoring to intelligent regulation and control is established, systematized, refined and intelligent management and control of carbon emission in the high-density block construction stage are achieved, the collaborative carbon reduction potential of construction organizations and procedures is effectively excavated, and the real-time performance and target accessibility of carbon management and control are improved.

Description

A method for controlling carbon emissions during the construction phase of high-density urban blocks Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building carbon emission technology, specifically relating to a method for controlling carbon emissions during the construction phase of high-density urban blocks. Background Technology

[0002] Carbon emissions from urban construction and operation account for a relatively high proportion of total social emissions. Among them, high-density urban blocks, as spatial units with highly concentrated urban functions and populations, have the typical characteristics of high building density, high plot ratio and low open space ratio, making carbon control during their construction and operation phases particularly important.

[0003] Compared to typical single-building projects, the construction of high-density urban blocks has significant unique characteristics and complexities: First, the construction content not only includes multiple individual buildings but also integrates infrastructure such as municipal roads and comprehensive pipelines, making it a complex system with multiple types of projects implemented simultaneously; Second, the construction scale is large, with numerous sub-projects, and various professional and sub-projects are carried out in parallel in time and space, making collaborative construction and resource integration highly challenging; Third, carbon emissions during the construction phase are characterized by being concentrated, short-term, and high-intensity, and effective regulation during this phase will have significant value for overall carbon reduction in the construction industry.

[0004] Currently, there is some research on carbon emission control during the construction phase of building projects. Common methods include static carbon accounting based on bill of quantities, local substitution of low-carbon materials and processes, and post-completion carbon footprint assessment. However, existing methods still have significant limitations when applied to high-density urban blocks: they lack a systematic regulatory framework; existing research mostly focuses on individual buildings or single processes, failing to consider the overall construction system of the urban block, coordinating the temporal connection, spatial segmentation, and resource synergy of building and municipal engineering, and also failing to establish a complete closed-loop regulatory system from setting total carbon targets and generating implementation plans to dynamic monitoring and adjustment.

[0005] Ignoring the carbon reduction potential of construction organization and processes: There are a lot of time relationships and resource allocation space that can be optimized among the various sub-projects in high-density blocks (such as municipal projects first, building block construction and machinery turnover), but existing methods often treat them as independent projects for carbon accounting, failing to achieve systematic carbon emission reduction through construction organization optimization.

[0006] Insufficient dynamic control capabilities: Existing carbon management is mostly based on pre-construction forecasting or post-construction accounting, lacking dynamic benchmarks and early warning mechanisms that are linked to construction progress and based on real-time monitoring data. It is impossible to achieve real-time closed-loop management of "monitoring-analysis-control" during the construction process, making it difficult to cope with the uncertainties in actual construction.

[0007] Lack of intelligent decision support: When faced with complex decision-making problems involving multiple buildings and multiple objectives (carbon, construction period, cost) at the block scale, existing methods rely on human experience and have not fully incorporated intelligent decision-making models such as cluster analysis and multi-objective optimization algorithms, making it difficult to efficiently generate scientific and balanced low-carbon construction solutions.

[0008] Therefore, given the characteristics of concentrated, large-scale, and complex carbon emissions during the construction phase of high-density urban blocks, there is an urgent need to establish a systematic approach that covers the setting of total carbon emission targets, collaborative planning of multiple projects, dynamic monitoring throughout the entire process, and intelligent optimization and control. This approach aims to fill the current research gap in the field of carbon emission control in urban block-scale construction and provide practical and feasible technical support for the green and low-carbon construction of high-density urban blocks. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for controlling carbon emissions during the construction phase of high-density urban blocks, so as to fill the research gap in the field of carbon emission control in urban block-scale construction and provide practical technical support for the green and low-carbon construction of high-density urban blocks.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for controlling carbon emissions during the construction phase of a high-density urban block, comprising the following steps: S1, estimating the total carbon emissions S generated by the simultaneous construction of the entire high-density urban block; the total carbon emissions S includes direct and indirect carbon emissions generated by the production and transportation of building materials, the operation of construction machinery, and construction measures in building and municipal engineering; S2, calculating the maximum theoretical carbon reduction rate Ja of the block under the municipal-first construction and building block collaborative construction mode; and setting an expected carbon reduction rate J not greater than Ja according to the project's carbon reduction requirements, and applying the formula M = S × (1 - J). S3. Based on the total carbon emission target M for the construction of high-density blocks, a segmented collaborative construction plan and low-carbon technology selection are carried out for high-density blocks to generate a construction implementation plan for high-density blocks, ensuring that the expected total carbon emission K1 corresponding to the construction implementation plan is less than or equal to the total carbon emission target M; S4. The expected total carbon emission K1 is decomposed into dynamic monitoring benchmarks for multiple stages. Construction is carried out according to the construction implementation plan for high-density blocks. During the construction implementation stage of high-density blocks, the actual carbon emission data is dynamically monitored, and the actual carbon emission data is compared with the corresponding dynamic monitoring benchmarks. Based on the comparison results, the construction implementation plan for high-density blocks is dynamically adjusted.

[0011] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11, defining a baseline construction scenario for simultaneous construction: within the planning red line area of ​​a high-density block, all individual buildings, municipal roads, and pipeline projects are started simultaneously and promoted in parallel. Construction machinery, formwork, and temporary facilities are independently configured according to the full-load requirements of each sub-project without considering reuse; S12, constructing a list of engineering quantities and resource consumption under the baseline scenario: based on the construction organization design under the baseline construction scenario, the quantities of building materials and components consumed throughout the process, the specifications and shifts of various types of construction machinery, the total amount of on-site and off-site transportation, and the quantity of construction measure materials are statistically summarized; S13, calculating the baseline total carbon emissions S: matching the list of engineering quantities and resource consumption with a preset carbon emission factor database; the matching calculation includes the direct and indirect carbon emissions generated by the production of building materials, transportation of building materials and components, energy consumption of construction machinery operation, and production and disposal of construction measure materials, and the total carbon emissions S are obtained by summing them.

[0012] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, S2 specifically includes the following steps: S21, Calculating the maximum theoretical carbon reduction rate Ja: Calculating the theoretical minimum total carbon emissions Sa under the municipal engineering-first construction and building block collaborative construction mode, and calculating the maximum theoretical carbon reduction rate Ja according to the formula Ja = (S - Sa) / S; wherein, the calculation of Sa includes the following steps: S211, Calculating carbon emissions from municipal engineering-first construction: Formulating a construction plan for municipal road and pipeline engineering to be implemented before building engineering, and calculating the carbon emissions of the entire municipal engineering process under this construction plan, denoted as... S212. Carbon Emission Calculation for Collaborative Construction of Building Blocks: Divide the building complex within the block into multiple construction blocks on a planar surface, design various block construction sequences and turnover schemes for construction machinery and formwork systems; calculate the carbon emissions of the entire building construction process under each scheme, and take the minimum value as denoted as . S213. Calculate the theoretical minimum total amount: Calculate Sa = + S22. Determine the total carbon emission target M for construction: Based on the carbon reduction requirements set for the project, determine an expected carbon reduction rate J, where J ≤ Ja; calculate the final total carbon emission target M for construction using the formula M = S × (1 - J).

[0013] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31, generating alternative construction schemes and calculating carbon emissions: based on the total carbon emission target M, generating multiple preliminary construction schemes for the collaborative construction of high-density blocks, and calculating the preliminary expected total carbon emissions K corresponding to each scheme; S32, screening basic implementation schemes: from multiple preliminary construction schemes, selecting the scheme whose preliminary expected total carbon emissions K is not greater than and is closest to the target M, as the basic implementation scheme; S33, low-carbon process optimization and refined calculation: selecting and integrating low-carbon construction processes for the basic implementation scheme to form an optimized construction implementation scheme, and performing refined calculation of carbon emissions throughout the entire process of the scheme to obtain its final expected total carbon emissions K1; S34, compliance verification and iterative optimization: determining whether K1 is less than or equal to the target M; if yes, then determining the optimized construction implementation scheme as the final construction implementation scheme used for construction; if no, returning to step S33, re-performing the optimization selection and refined calculation of low-carbon processes until K1 is less than or equal to the target M.

[0014] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, S4 specifically includes the following steps: S41, Dynamic decomposition of monitoring benchmarks: Based on the final determined construction implementation plan and its corresponding expected total carbon emissions K1, combined with the construction schedule, decompose and generate dynamic carbon emission monitoring benchmark values ​​associated with each construction stage and work area in the Building Information Model (BIM); S42, Real-time data acquisition and calculation: Deploy monitoring equipment at the construction site to collect data on construction machinery energy consumption, building material consumption, and transportation in real time; perform real-time dynamic carbon emission calculation on the collected data according to a preset carbon emission factor library to obtain actual cumulative carbon emission data A; S43, Deviation identification and early warning: Compare the actual cumulative carbon emission data A obtained from dynamic calculation with the dynamic monitoring benchmark value of the same stage and the same area; when the deviation exceeds a preset threshold, generate a carbon emission exceeding warning signal; S44, Control analysis and instruction generation: In response to the warning signal, analyze the source process, resource type, or construction activity that leads to carbon emission exceeding the standard; based on the current construction status and remaining plans, optimize and simulate at least one of the construction sequence, resource allocation, or transportation path to generate an updated expected total carbon emission of the remaining project. And calculate the new expected total carbon emissions for the entire project. , ; to make the new expected total carbon emissions of the entire project after optimization and simulation. If the value is less than or equal to the target M, a control command is generated; S45, command execution and closed-loop update: the control command is issued and executed, and the construction implementation plan and the dynamic monitoring benchmark values ​​of the subsequent stages are updated simultaneously; return to S42, and conduct monitoring and control for the next cycle based on the updated information to form a dynamic closed-loop control covering the entire construction process.

[0015] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, S212 divides the building complex within the block into multiple construction blocks on a plane, specifically including the following steps: S2121, Obtain building complex division data: Collect multiple feature data of each building unit within the block, including building type, design period, spatial location information, and carbon emission characteristic parameters related to the construction process; S2122, Construct building feature vectors and perform weighted processing: Convert the feature data of each building unit into a numerical feature vector, assign weights to different features according to the carbon reduction and control target, and form a weighted feature vector; S2123, Perform intelligent partitioning based on clustering algorithm: Apply a clustering algorithm to the weighted feature vectors of all building units, and aggregate the building units into N categories through iterative calculation, with each category output as a construction block; S2124, Output block partitioning scheme: Use the category partitioning results output by the clustering algorithm as the construction block partitioning scheme for collaborative construction of building blocks, which is used for subsequent carbon emission measurement and construction organization.

[0016] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, when generating the construction implementation plan in S3 or the control instructions in S44, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to coordinately optimize carbon emissions, construction period, and cost. Specifically, this includes: constructing a multi-objective optimization model: defining construction decision variables that affect carbon emissions, construction period, and cost, establishing objective functions with the objectives of minimizing total carbon emissions, minimizing total construction period, and minimizing total cost, and setting construction logic, resource, and contractual constraints; solving for the Pareto optimal solution set: using a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm to solve the model, and outputting a set of Pareto optimal solutions that are not mutually dominant in terms of carbon emissions, construction period, and cost objectives; decision analysis and scheme determination: visualizing the Pareto optimal solution set, selecting an equilibrium point in the solution set according to the preset project priority, and outputting the value of the decision variable corresponding to the equilibrium point as the optimized construction implementation plan or control instructions.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention discloses a carbon emission control method for the construction phase of high-density urban blocks. Addressing the shortcomings of existing methods in terms of systematicness, dynamism, and intelligence as pointed out in the background art, it constructs a full-process carbon control system encompassing "target setting—scheme generation—dynamic monitoring—closed-loop control," achieving systematic, refined, and intelligent management of carbon emissions during the construction phase of high-density urban blocks. Specifically, this is reflected in: 1. Establishing a scientific and reasonable carbon emission target setting mechanism, solving the problem of insufficient target basis: First, defining the baseline scenario of "simultaneous construction" and calculating its total carbon emissions S; then, calculating the maximum theoretical carbon reduction rate Ja based on the "municipal infrastructure first + building block collaboration" model; and finally, setting an achievable total carbon emission target M in conjunction with the project's carbon reduction requirements. This method starts from the overall construction system of the urban block, providing a scientific and quantitative target benchmark for carbon control, overcoming the defects of arbitrary carbon target setting and lack of systematic basis in existing methods.

[0018] 2. This invention achieves systematic carbon optimization of construction organization and processes, and taps into the carbon reduction potential of temporal and resource synergy: Through carbon emission calculation based on municipal infrastructure development and building segmentation, and intelligent block division based on clustering algorithms, this invention realizes temporal synergy between building and municipal engineering, spatial segmentation, and cross-block reuse of resources (machinery, formwork) from the source of construction organization. This method overcomes the limitations of existing technologies that treat each sub-project in isolation, and fully releases the inherent collaborative carbon reduction space in high-density urban construction systems.

[0019] 3. A dynamic monitoring and adjustment mechanism for the entire construction process was established, improving the real-time nature and controllability of carbon management: Through steps such as dynamic monitoring benchmark decomposition, real-time data acquisition, deviation early warning, optimization simulation, and command issuance, this invention achieves closed-loop management of carbon emissions during construction, encompassing "monitoring-analysis-control." This method advances carbon management from static accounting and post-event assessment to dynamic control throughout the entire process, effectively addressing uncertainties in actual construction and ensuring the achievement of total carbon emission targets.

[0020] 4. Balancing Multiple Objectives with Optimization Algorithms: By applying multi-objective optimization algorithms (such as NSGA-II) to scheme generation and control instruction generation, and through intelligent block partitioning based on clustering algorithms, this invention can efficiently output Pareto optimal solution sets when faced with conflicts among multiple objectives such as carbon emissions, construction period, and cost. This allows decision-makers to select balanced solutions based on project priorities. This overcomes the shortcomings of existing methods that rely on human experience and struggle to handle complex decisions, thus improving the efficiency and scientific rigor of low-carbon construction scheme generation.

[0021] 5. A complete operational methodology covering the entire project lifecycle has been developed, filling a systemic gap in carbon control at the street-level: This invention organically integrates carbon target setting, collaborative planning, process optimization, dynamic monitoring, and intelligent optimization to form a complete and operable carbon control methodology system for high-density street construction. This method is applicable not only to new projects but also to the renovation and renewal of existing streets, providing practical low-carbon construction technology support for urban planning and construction management departments, design and construction companies, and helping to promote energy conservation and carbon reduction throughout the entire lifecycle of the construction industry.

[0022] In summary, this invention effectively solves the problems of concentrated, large-scale, and difficult-to-manage carbon emissions during the construction phase of high-density urban blocks through systematic modeling, dynamic monitoring, and intelligent decision-making, and has significant theoretical value and engineering application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention is illustrated with the following figures: Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the process of S3 of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the process of S4 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] As shown in Figures 1-3, this invention provides a method for carbon emission control during the construction phase of high-density urban blocks, aiming to address the problems of insufficient systemicity, lack of dynamism, and low level of intelligence in existing technologies for carbon management during high-density urban block construction. The implementation methods of this invention are described in detail below with specific steps.

[0026] A basic method for controlling carbon emissions during the construction phase of high-density urban blocks is provided, including the following steps: S1, estimating the total carbon emissions S generated by the simultaneous construction of the entire high-density urban block.

[0027] This step aims to establish a carbon emissions benchmark. "Simultaneous construction" is defined as the most extensive and resource-inefficient construction scenario, where all buildings and municipal works within a block begin construction simultaneously and proceed in parallel, without any coordination or relocation. By calculating the total carbon emissions, S, under this scenario, a scientific and quantifiable benchmark is provided for setting subsequent carbon reduction targets. This establishes an objective and quantifiable starting point for the entire carbon management process, ensuring that the measurement of emission reduction effectiveness is based on evidence and avoiding arbitrariness in target setting.

[0028] S2. Calculate the maximum theoretical carbon reduction rate Ja and set the total carbon emission target M.

[0029] First, based on the theoretically optimal organizational model of "municipal engineering first construction" and "block-based collaborative construction," the theoretical minimum total carbon emissions Sa that can be achieved are calculated. The maximum theoretical carbon reduction rate Ja = (S - Sa) / S, which represents the upper limit of carbon emission reduction that the block can achieve through optimized construction organization. Then, based on the actual carbon reduction requirements of the project (such as policy requirements, corporate goals, etc.), a realistic and expected carbon reduction rate J that is no greater than Ja is set. The final total carbon emission target M = S × (1 − J). An achievable carbon control target is set, which is based on both the theoretical maximum potential (Ja) and the actual project conditions (J), laying the foundation for target management.

[0030] S3. Generate a construction implementation plan that satisfies objective M.

[0031] Using a total carbon emission target M as a constraint, this study compares and integrates segmented collaborative construction planning and low-carbon construction techniques for high-density urban blocks. Through an iterative process of scheme generation, screening, optimization, and verification, a detailed construction implementation plan is ultimately output, ensuring that the expected total carbon emissions K1 corresponding to this plan satisfy K1≤M. This transforms the abstract carbon target into concrete and executable construction technologies and management schemes, providing a clear action guide for low-carbon construction.

[0032] S4. Implement dynamic monitoring and closed-loop control.

[0033] The projected total carbon emissions K1 in the plan are broken down into various construction stages and work areas according to the construction schedule, forming a dynamic monitoring benchmark. During construction, energy consumption, material consumption, and other data are collected in real time through deployed monitoring equipment, and the actual carbon emissions A are dynamically calculated. By continuously comparing A with the dynamic monitoring benchmark of the same period, deviations are identified. Once the deviation exceeds a preset threshold, a control mechanism is triggered: the root causes of the exceedance are analyzed, the construction plan for the remaining work is simulated and optimized, control instructions are generated and issued, and subsequent monitoring benchmarks are updated, forming a closed loop of "monitoring-analysis-decision-execution-feedback". This achieves real-time and precise control of carbon emissions during the construction process, can promptly correct deviations, and dynamically optimize the construction process, thereby effectively ensuring the achievement of the final total carbon emission target M.

[0034] The detailed calculation method for total carbon emissions S is as follows: S11, Define the baseline construction scenario.

[0035] The scenario is clearly defined as follows: within the planned boundary of the target block, all individual buildings, municipal roads, and pipeline projects will commence at the same time and proceed in parallel according to their respective independent schedules. All construction machinery (such as tower cranes and excavators), formwork systems, and temporary facilities (such as fencing and sheds) will be configured according to the peak demand of each sub-project, and there will be no reuse or rotation between sub-projects. This scenario simulates the state of maximum resource input.

[0036] S12. Construct a list of engineering quantities and resource consumption.

[0037] Based on the above baseline scenario, a detailed construction organization design document was prepared. Based on this design, a comprehensive inventory of all resources consumed throughout the entire process from commencement to completion was compiled. The inventory mainly includes: 1. Quantities of building materials and components (such as cubic meters of concrete, tons of steel reinforcement, and quantities of precast components).

[0038] 2. Specifications and models of various construction machinery and the total number of shifts used.

[0039] 3. Total volume of building materials and construction waste transported on and off the site (in ton-kilometers).

[0040] 4. Quantity of construction materials (such as formwork and scaffolding).

[0041] S13, the baseline carbon emissions S.

[0042] Establish or reference a carbon emission factor database containing various factors (such as carbon emission factors per unit weight of steel production, carbon emission factors per unit shift of a certain type of excavator's diesel consumption, carbon emission factors per unit ton-kilometer of transportation, etc.). Match the resource consumption list obtained in step S12 with the database and calculate using the formula: in: The consumption of the m-th type of building material. Its production carbon emission factors. : The amount of material transported for the tth type Transportation distance Carbon emission factors in transportation. Energy consumption of type c construction machinery. : The carbon emission factor corresponding to energy. Material consumption for measure a The combined carbon emission factor of its production and waste disposal.

[0043] The summation yields the baseline total carbon emissions, S. This provides a standardized and repeatable baseline carbon accounting method, ensuring the transparency of data sources and the reliability of calculation results, thus laying a solid data foundation for all subsequent analyses and comparisons.

[0044] The following steps are taken to refine S2 and determine the method for determining the target M and the carbon reduction potential analysis: S21, Calculate the maximum theoretical carbon reduction rate Ja.

[0045] The core objective is to calculate the theoretical minimum total carbon emissions, Sa. Sa consists of two parts: the carbon emissions from initial municipal construction. Minimum carbon emissions from building-integrated construction , that is Sa = + .

[0046] S211. Municipal Priority Carbon Emission Calculation: Develop a detailed construction plan for municipal roads and pipeline projects (i.e., commence and complete construction before all individual buildings). Calculate the carbon emissions of the municipal project from material production to completion under this plan, denoted as... .

[0047] S212. Carbon Emission Calculation for Block-Based Collaborative Construction: First, divide all individual buildings within the block into several construction blocks on a planar surface. Then, design various construction sequences (e.g., block A->B->C, or B->A->C, etc.) and reusable usage schemes for construction machinery and formwork systems between blocks. For each combination of "division + sequence + reusability," calculate the total carbon emissions of its building portion throughout the entire construction process. Finally, take the minimum carbon emissions from all schemes, denoted as [the minimum value]. This step embodies the idea of ​​achieving emission reduction through optimized spatial organization and resource allocation.

[0048] S213. Calculate the theoretical minimum total: Add the two parts above, Sa = + After obtaining Sa, the maximum theoretical carbon reduction rate is calculated using the formula Ja = (S - Sa) / S.

[0049] S22. Determine the total carbon emission target M for construction.

[0050] Based on their carbon reduction strategy, cost constraints, and schedule requirements, project decision-makers determine an expected carbon reduction rate J within the range (0, Ja). This J value should not exceed Ja to ensure the target is technically achievable. The final target value is determined by the formula M = S × (1 - J). This not only provides a clear carbon target value M, but more importantly, by calculating Ja, it quantifies the maximum carbon emission reduction that the neighborhood can achieve through management optimization, providing crucial "potential ceiling" information for project decision-making, making target setting more scientific and reasonable.

[0051] Step S3 is further refined to include the method for generating and optimizing the construction implementation plan. The specific steps are as follows: S31, Generate alternative construction plans and calculate carbon emissions.

[0052] Using objective M as a constraint, various preliminary block-based collaborative construction plans for high-density urban blocks are automatically or manually generated. Plan elements include construction block division, construction sequence, and key machinery deployment plan. For each preliminary plan... The carbon emission accounting model is invoked to calculate the corresponding preliminary expected total carbon emissions. .

[0053] S32. Screening basic implementation plans.

[0054] From all preliminary plans In the middle, filter out those that meet the requirements ≤M and make (M− The scheme with the minimum value, that is, the scheme whose carbon emissions are no greater than the target and closest to the target, is determined as the basic implementation scheme. Its carbon emissions are denoted as .

[0055] S33, Low-carbon process optimization and refined accounting.

[0056] Basic implementation plan Upgrade to a "green" approach. This process involves the selection and integration of low-carbon technologies, such as: using high-strength materials to reduce usage, selecting prefabricated components, using electric construction machinery, optimizing concrete mix proportions, and applying green temporary facilities. These low-carbon technologies will be integrated into... In the process, an optimized construction implementation plan was formed. Subsequently, regarding A more detailed full-process carbon emission accounting is conducted to obtain the final expected total carbon emission K1.

[0057] S34. Compliance verification and iterative optimization.

[0058] Determine if K1 ≤ M. If it does, then... The final construction implementation plan is determined and used to guide construction. If it does not meet the requirements, return to step S33, readjust the selection and integration strategy of low-carbon processes, and recalculate, forming an iterative cycle of "optimization-calculation-verification" until the generated plan meets carbon emission constraints. Through the iterative process of "initial screening-optimization-verification," it is ensured that the final output implementation plan is not only technically feasible but also strictly meets the pre-set carbon emission reduction targets within an economically and time-acceptable range, achieving precise implementation of the target into the plan.

[0059] The detailed process of dynamic monitoring and closed-loop control for S4 is as follows: S41, Dynamic decomposition of monitoring benchmark.

[0060] Final implementation plan The corresponding expected total carbon emissions, K1, are imported into the Building Information Modeling (BIM) platform. Combined with the construction schedule (e.g., Gantt chart), K1 is decomposed into time dimensions (e.g., monthly, key milestones) and spatial dimensions (e.g., construction blocks, work areas), generating a series of "dynamic carbon emission monitoring benchmark values" precisely correlated with specific construction stages and work areas within the BIM environment. (t represents a time period, z represents a region).

[0061] S42. Real-time data acquisition and calculation.

[0062] At key locations on the construction site, monitoring equipment such as smart meters, fuel consumption sensors, weighbridge systems, and RFID tags for materials are deployed to automatically collect real-time energy consumption data of construction machinery, consumption data of major building materials upon arrival, and driving data of transport vehicles. This data is uploaded to a cloud platform via the Internet of Things (IoT). Based on a pre-set carbon emission factor database, the platform dynamically calculates the cumulative actual carbon emissions from the start of construction to the current moment. .

[0063] S43. Deviation identification and early warning.

[0064] The platform automatically calculates the actual cumulative carbon emissions for the current time period t and the current region z. With the corresponding dynamic monitoring benchmark value Perform a comparison. When the deviation... When the carbon emission exceeds a preset threshold (e.g., 10%), the system automatically generates and pushes a warning signal for excessive carbon emissions.

[0065] S44, Regulation Analysis and Command Generation.

[0066] Once an alert is triggered, system or management personnel analyze the root causes of the emissions exceeding standards, pinpointing the specific source process, resource type, or construction activity. Based on the current construction completion status and remaining project content, simulation technology is used to rapidly optimize the construction sequence, resource allocation plan, and material transportation routes of the remaining project, predicting the carbon emissions of the optimized remaining project. Calculate the new total expected carbon emissions for the entire project. The goal of the optimization simulation is to make... ≤M. Once the target is met, the system generates specific control instructions (such as "postpone the concrete pouring of block Y by 2 days and share the pump truck with block Z").

[0067] S45, Instruction Execution and Closed-Loop Update.

[0068] Control instructions are issued to the construction site for execution. Simultaneously, the construction implementation plan and corresponding dynamic monitoring benchmarks for subsequent projects are updated in the BIM platform and management system. The process then returns to S42, initiating the next monitoring cycle based on the updated plan and benchmarks, thus forming a dynamic closed-loop control system covering the entire construction process. This achieves a leap from "static planning" to "dynamic management," enabling carbon management to respond in real-time to changes at the construction site. Through a closed-loop mechanism of "early warning-optimization-execution," it continuously corrects deviations, significantly improving the certainty of carbon target achievement and management efficiency.

[0069] The steps for dividing building clusters are refined. The intelligent construction block division method based on clustering algorithm has the following specific steps: S2121, Obtain building cluster division data.

[0070] Collect multidimensional feature data for each building unit within the block to construct a dataset. Features may include: inherent features: building type (residential / office / commercial), structural form, and design period.

[0071] Spatial characteristics: planar coordinate location and distance from municipal interfaces.

[0072] Carbon-related characteristics: estimated carbon emission intensity of building materials, and types of major machinery demand.

[0073] S2122. Construct building feature vectors and perform weighted processing.

[0074] After standardizing the characteristic data of each building unit, it is transformed into a numerical feature vector. Weights are assigned to different features based on the importance of carbon reduction and control targets, forming a weighted feature vector. For example, if it is desirable to group buildings with similar construction periods together to facilitate machinery turnover, the weight of the "design construction period" feature can be increased.

[0075] S2123. Perform intelligent partitioning based on clustering algorithm.

[0076] Algorithms such as K-means and hierarchical clustering were used to perform cluster analysis on the weighted feature vectors of all individual buildings. Through iterative calculation, the individual buildings were aggregated into N pre-defined categories. The goal of clustering is to ensure high similarity of building features within the same category (facilitating collaborative construction and centralized resource utilization), and large feature differences between different categories.

[0077] S2124, Output block partitioning scheme.

[0078] Each category output by the clustering algorithm is directly mapped to a construction block. For example, if category 1 contains buildings {A, D, F}, then these buildings are assigned to construction block 1. This partitioning scheme will serve as the direct basis for subsequent carbon emission calculations and construction organization for collaborative building block construction. It transforms construction block partitioning from experience-based qualitative judgments into data-driven quantitative and intelligent decision-making. By considering multi-dimensional features and their weights, it can automatically generate more scientific and effective block combinations that are more conducive to achieving carbon reduction goals, improving the scientific rigor and efficiency of the planning phase.

[0079] In this embodiment, when generating the construction implementation plan (S3) or control instructions (S44), a multi-objective optimization algorithm is introduced. The specific steps are as follows: 1. Construct a multi-objective optimization model.

[0080] Decision variables: Define a series of construction decision variables Such as the start time of each construction block, the number and location of key machinery, and the formwork turnover plan.

[0081] Objective function: Establish three minimization objectives.

[0082] Total carbon emissions: Total construction period: Total cost: Constraints: Set construction logic constraints (such as relationships between preceding processes), resource capacity constraints (such as the upper limit of the number of machines), contract constraints (such as the latest completion date), etc.

[0083] 2. Solve for the Pareto optimal solution set.

[0084] The above model was solved using a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II). After the algorithm ran, it output a set of Pareto optimal solutions (or non-dominated solution sets). Any solution in this set is superior to other solutions in at least one objective, and not inferior to other solutions in other objectives. It represents the set of optimal balance points among carbon emissions, construction period, and cost.

[0085] 3. Decision analysis and solution determination.

[0086] The Pareto optimal solution set is visualized in a three-dimensional space (carbon-time-cost) to form a "Pareto frontier." Project decision-makers select an "equilibrium point" on the Pareto frontier that best aligns with the project's strategy, based on the project's core priorities (e.g., carbon reduction is the primary objective, followed by time, and then cost). The values ​​of the decision variables corresponding to this equilibrium point are then output, yielding the optimized construction implementation plan or control instructions. This addresses the inherent contradictions between carbon emissions, time, and cost. By solving for the Pareto optimal solution set and providing visualization tools, the complex decision-making process under multi-objective conflicts becomes transparent and structured, supporting decision-makers in making scientific and balanced comprehensive decisions based on clear project priorities, avoiding the one-sidedness that may result from single-objective optimization.

[0087] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling carbon emissions during the construction phase of high-density urban blocks, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Estimate the total carbon emissions S generated by the simultaneous construction of the high-density block; the total carbon emissions S includes the direct and indirect carbon emissions generated by the production and transportation of building materials, the operation of construction machinery, and construction measures in building and municipal engineering. S2. Calculate the maximum theoretical carbon reduction rate Ja of the block under the municipal-first construction and building block collaborative construction mode; and set an expected carbon reduction rate J not greater than Ja according to the project's carbon reduction requirements, and calculate the total carbon emission target M of the high-density block according to the formula M = S × (1 - J). S3. Based on the total carbon emission target M, carry out the high-density block block collaborative construction planning and low-carbon technology selection, generate the high-density block construction implementation plan, and ensure that the expected total carbon emissions K1 corresponding to the high-density block construction implementation plan is less than or equal to the total carbon emission target M. S4. Decompose the expected total carbon emissions K1 to obtain dynamic monitoring benchmarks for multiple stages. Carry out construction according to the high-density street construction implementation plan. During the high-density street construction implementation stage, dynamically monitor the actual carbon emission data and compare the actual carbon emission data with the corresponding dynamic monitoring benchmarks. Based on the comparison results, dynamically adjust the high-density street construction implementation plan.

2. The carbon emission control method during the construction phase of a high-density urban area according to claim 1, characterized in that: S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11, Define the baseline construction scenario for simultaneous construction: Set within the planning red line area of ​​a high-density block, all individual buildings, municipal roads, and pipeline projects are started simultaneously and promoted in parallel. Construction machinery, formwork, and temporary facilities are independently configured according to the full-load requirements of each sub-project without considering reuse; S12, Construct a list of engineering quantities and resource consumption for the baseline scenario: Based on the construction organization design under the baseline construction scenario, count and summarize the quantity of building materials and components consumed throughout the process, the specifications and number of shifts of various types of construction machinery, the total amount of on-site and off-site transportation, and the quantity of construction measure materials; S13, Calculate the baseline total carbon emissions S: Match the list of engineering quantities and resource consumption with the preset carbon emission factor database; The matching calculation includes the direct and indirect carbon emissions generated by the production of building materials, transportation of building materials and components, energy consumption of construction machinery operation, and production and disposal of construction measure materials. The total carbon emissions S are obtained by summing them up.

3. The carbon emission control method during the construction phase of a high-density urban area according to claim 1, characterized in that: S2 specifically includes the following steps: S21, Calculating the maximum theoretical carbon reduction rate Ja: Calculate the theoretical minimum total carbon emissions Sa under the model of municipal engineering construction preceding building construction and building block collaborative construction, and calculate the maximum theoretical carbon reduction rate Ja according to the formula Ja = (S - Sa) / S; wherein, the calculation of Sa includes the following steps: S211, Calculating carbon emissions of municipal engineering construction preceding building construction: Formulate a construction plan for municipal road and pipeline engineering to be implemented before building construction, and calculate the carbon emissions of the entire process of municipal engineering under this construction plan, denoted as... S212. Carbon Emission Calculation for Collaborative Construction of Building Blocks: Divide the building complex within the block into multiple construction blocks on a planar surface, design various block construction sequences and turnover schemes for construction machinery and formwork systems; calculate the carbon emissions of the entire building construction process under each scheme, and take the minimum value as denoted as . S213. Calculate the theoretical minimum total amount: Calculate Sa = + S22. Determine the total carbon emission target M for construction: Based on the carbon reduction requirements set for the project, determine an expected carbon reduction rate J, where J ≤ Ja; calculate the final total carbon emission target M for construction using the formula M = S × (1 - J).

4. The carbon emission control method during the construction phase of a high-density urban area according to claim 1, characterized in that: S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31, Generate alternative construction schemes and calculate carbon emissions: Based on the total carbon emission target M, generate multiple preliminary construction schemes for the collaborative construction of high-density blocks, and calculate the preliminary expected total carbon emissions K for each scheme; S32, Screen the basic implementation scheme: From the multiple preliminary construction schemes, select the scheme whose preliminary expected total carbon emissions K is not greater than and is closest to the target M as the basic implementation scheme; S33, Optimize and refine the low-carbon process: Select and integrate low-carbon construction processes for the basic implementation scheme to form an optimized construction implementation scheme, and perform a refined calculation of the carbon emissions throughout the entire process of the scheme to obtain its final expected total carbon emissions K1; S34, Verify compliance and iterative optimization: Determine whether K1 is less than or equal to the target M; if yes, determine the optimized construction implementation scheme as the final construction implementation scheme used for construction; if no, return to step S33, and re-optimize and refine the low-carbon process until K1 is less than or equal to the target M.

5. The carbon emission control method during the construction phase of a high-density urban area according to claim 4, characterized in that: S4 specifically includes the following steps: S41, Dynamic decomposition of monitoring benchmarks: Based on the final determined construction implementation plan and its corresponding expected total carbon emissions K1, combined with the construction schedule, decompose and generate dynamic carbon emission monitoring benchmark values ​​associated with each construction stage and work area in the Building Information Model (BIM); S42, Real-time data acquisition and calculation: Deploy monitoring equipment at the construction site to collect real-time data on construction machinery energy consumption, building material consumption, and transportation; perform real-time dynamic carbon emission calculation on the collected data based on a preset carbon emission factor library to obtain actual cumulative carbon emission data A; S43, Deviation identification and early warning: Compare the actual cumulative carbon emission data A obtained from dynamic calculation with the dynamic monitoring benchmark values ​​of the same stage and area; when the deviation exceeds a preset threshold, generate a carbon emission exceeding warning signal; S44, Control analysis and instruction generation: In response to the warning signal, analyze the source process, resource type, or construction activity that leads to carbon emission exceeding the standard; based on the current construction status and remaining plans, optimize and simulate at least one of the construction sequence, resource allocation, or transportation path to generate an updated expected total carbon emission of the remaining project. And calculate the new expected total carbon emissions for the entire project. ， ; to make the new expected total carbon emissions of the entire project after optimization and simulation. If the value is less than or equal to the target M, a control command is generated; S45, command execution and closed-loop update: the control command is issued and executed, and the construction implementation plan and the dynamic monitoring benchmark values ​​of the subsequent stages are updated simultaneously; return to S42, and conduct monitoring and control for the next cycle based on the updated information to form a dynamic closed-loop control covering the entire construction process.

6. The carbon emission control method during the construction phase of a high-density urban area according to claim 3, characterized in that: S212 divides the building complex within the block into multiple construction blocks on a planar surface, specifically including the following steps: S2121, Obtain building complex division data: Collect multiple feature data of each building unit within the block, including building type, design period, spatial location information, and carbon emission characteristic parameters related to the construction process; S2122, Construct building feature vectors and perform weighted processing: Convert the feature data of each building unit into a numerical feature vector, assign weights to different features according to the carbon reduction and control target, and form a weighted feature vector; S2123, Perform intelligent partitioning based on clustering algorithm: Apply a clustering algorithm to the weighted feature vectors of all building units, and aggregate the building units into N categories through iterative calculation, with each category output as a construction block; S2124, Output block partitioning scheme: Use the category partitioning results output by the clustering algorithm as the construction block partitioning scheme for collaborative construction of building blocks, which is used for subsequent carbon emission measurement and construction organization.

7. The carbon emission control method during the construction phase of a high-density urban area according to claim 4, characterized in that: When generating the construction implementation plan in S3 or the control instructions in S44, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to coordinate the optimization of carbon emissions, construction period, and cost. Specifically, this includes: constructing a multi-objective optimization model: defining construction decision variables that affect carbon emissions, construction period, and cost, establishing objective functions with the goals of minimizing total carbon emissions, minimizing total construction period, and minimizing total cost, and setting construction logic, resource, and contractual constraints; solving for the Pareto optimal solution set: using a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm to solve the optimization model, outputting a set of Pareto optimal solutions that are not mutually dominant in terms of carbon emissions, construction period, and cost objectives; decision analysis and scheme determination: visualizing the Pareto optimal solution set, selecting an equilibrium point in the solution set according to the preset project priority, and outputting the value of the decision variable corresponding to the equilibrium point as the optimized construction implementation plan or control instructions.

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