Breaker, power distribution equipment and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a breaker, power distribution equipment and a vehicle, and relates to the technical field of breakers, and the breaker comprises a pedestal which is provided with an arc extinguishing cavity; the sealing cover is arranged at the opening of the arc extinguishing cavity, and a first channel penetrating through the sealing cover is arranged in the sealing cover; the through-flow copper bar is parallel to the sealing cover, the through-flow copper bar penetrates through the sealing cover in the direction perpendicular to the thickness of the sealing cover, the through-flow copper bar comprises a thinned part, and the thickness of the thinned part is smaller than that of other parts of the through-flow copper bar; the piston is at least partially contained in the first channel, the projection of the piston in the thickness direction of the sealing cover at least partially coincides with the thinned part, the side wall of the arc extinguishing cavity surrounds the piston, an annular air channel is formed between the side wall of the arc extinguishing cavity and the piston, and the annular air channel surrounds the periphery of the piston in the circumferential direction of the piston; and the first flame extinguishing structure comprises an internal channel, the internal channel is used for communicating the annular air channel with the external space of the first flame extinguishing structure, and the first flame extinguishing structure is located in the arc extinguishing cavity. The breaker provided by the invention can improve the arc extinguishing efficiency.

Description

Circuit breakers, power distribution equipment and vehicles Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of circuit breaker technology, and particularly to a circuit breaker, power distribution equipment, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] A circuit breaker is an electronic component used to connect or disconnect current in one or more circuits. When a circuit experiences an overload or short circuit, the circuit breaker automatically switches to the open state to interrupt the current, thus providing protection. However, the process of interrupting current generates an electric arc. This arc prolongs the circuit breaking time, and its high temperature can easily endanger the safe operation of the power system, causing personal injury and significant property damage.

[0003] Therefore, circuit breakers need to extinguish the generated electric arc during use to reduce the hazards caused by the arc. However, circuit breakers still have the problem of slow arc extinguishing speed during the arc extinguishing process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a circuit breaker, power distribution equipment, and vehicle that can improve arc extinguishing efficiency.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a circuit breaker, comprising: a base having an arc-extinguishing chamber; a sealing cover disposed at the opening of the arc-extinguishing chamber, the sealing cover having a first channel penetrating the sealing cover; a current-carrying copper busbar disposed parallel to the sealing cover and passing through the sealing cover in a direction perpendicular to the thickness of the sealing cover, the current-carrying copper busbar including a thinned portion, the thickness of the thinned portion being less than the thickness of other parts of the current-carrying copper busbar; a piston at least partially housed within the first channel, the projection of the piston along the thickness direction of the sealing cover at least partially coinciding with the thinned portion, the sidewall of the arc-extinguishing chamber surrounding the piston and forming an annular air passage between them, the annular air passage surrounding the piston circumferentially; and a first flame-extinguishing structure, the first flame-extinguishing structure including an internal channel for communicating the annular air passage and the external space of the first flame-extinguishing structure, the first flame-extinguishing structure being located within the arc-extinguishing chamber.

[0006] This application provides a circuit breaker in which a piston, after breaking the current-carrying copper busbar, enters the arc-extinguishing chamber. The breakage of the current-carrying copper busbar generates an electric arc, which the piston can introduce into the arc-extinguishing chamber. The arc-extinguishing chamber can extinguish the electric arc that enters it independently. After the piston enters the arc-extinguishing chamber, there is an annular air passage between the outer wall of the piston and the side wall of the arc-extinguishing chamber. The electric arc can enter the annular air passage. The longer annular air passage can quickly increase the arc pressure of the electric arc, achieving rapid arc extinguishing. The first flame extinguishing structure can buffer the piston entering the arc-extinguishing chamber, reducing the impact force on other structures of the circuit breaker. In addition, the first flame extinguishing structure also has the ability to absorb heat and adsorb charged particles. It can attract the electric arc and high-temperature ionized gas into the annular air passage of the arc-extinguishing chamber, increasing the arc path, so that the electric arc can be extinguished quickly. The high-temperature ionized gas can be cooled by the first flame extinguishing structure. Electrons and charged ions in the high-temperature ionized gas can also be adsorbed by the first flame extinguishing structure.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the sidewall of the first flame extinguishing structure and the sidewall of the arc extinguishing chamber are fitted together. Along the thickness direction of the sealing cap, the piston includes an inclined end face. The inclined end face is used to fit against the end face of the first flame extinguishing structure facing the piston and is located between the end face of the first flame extinguishing structure facing the piston and the sidewall of the arc extinguishing chamber. After the first flame extinguishing structure is impacted by the piston, the first flame extinguishing structure can expand and deform from the inside to the outside. The end face of the first flame extinguishing structure facing the piston will press against the inclined end face of the piston, pressing the piston between the sidewall of the arc extinguishing chamber and the first end face, preventing the piston from rebounding in the positive Z direction.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the base has a groove, and the bottom wall of the groove has a sleeve extending from the bottom wall of the groove towards the opening of the groove. The sleeve encloses and forms the arc-extinguishing chamber. The inner wall of the sleeve and the piston form the annular gas passage. The inner wall of the groove and the outer wall of the sleeve enclose and form the flame-extinguishing chamber, which is annular and surrounds the arc-extinguishing chamber. The sleeve and the groove can be an integral structure or two independent structures. The flame-extinguishing chamber is annular, and the arc-extinguishing chamber is located inside the flame-extinguishing chamber, with the annular flame-extinguishing chamber surrounding the arc-extinguishing chamber. The nested structure of the arc-extinguishing chamber and the flame-extinguishing chamber can improve space utilization efficiency and reduce the volume of the circuit breaker. The volume of the flame-extinguishing chamber is larger than that of the arc-extinguishing chamber, allowing the flame-extinguishing chamber to provide a larger surface area and even more space for accommodating the flame-extinguishing structure, enabling rapid cooling of the high-temperature free gas within the flame-extinguishing chamber. When the piston breaks the flow-through copper busbar and enters the arc-extinguishing chamber, the busbar breaks, generating an electric arc and accompanied by the generation of high-temperature ionized gas. When the gas in the arc-extinguishing chamber enters the flame-extinguishing chamber through the through-hole, the sleeve is annular, and the flame-extinguishing chamber is annular. Air can flow along the annular sleeve within the annular flame-extinguishing chamber. Air flowing in different directions within the annular flame-extinguishing chamber will meet, thereby neutralizing the free electrons and ions in the air, making the air uncharged, thus significantly reducing the risk of electric shock and other electrical hazards.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the sleeve has a through hole connecting the arc-extinguishing chamber and the flame-extinguishing chamber, the through hole penetrating the sidewall of the sleeve. The first flame-extinguishing structure is located inside the sleeve and covers the through hole. The first flame-extinguishing structure can completely or partially cover the through hole. The internal channel of the first flame-extinguishing structure can communicate with the through hole, allowing gas in the arc-extinguishing chamber to enter the flame-extinguishing chamber. The through hole can connect the inner cavity and the outer surface of the sleeve, i.e., the through hole can connect the arc-extinguishing chamber and the flame-extinguishing chamber. After the sleeve is located in the groove, when the piston breaks the flow-through copper busbar and enters the arc-extinguishing chamber inside the sleeve, the flow-through copper busbar breaks, generating an electric arc, accompanied by the generation of high-temperature ionized gas, and molecules in the air are ionized into free electrons and ions. The electric arc and the high-temperature ionized gas will enter the arc extinguishing chamber at the same time. The electric arc can be quickly extinguished by the arc extinguishing chamber, while the high-temperature ionized gas can enter the flame extinguishing chamber through the through hole. The flame extinguishing chamber can be equipped with a flame extinguishing structure, so that the air can be quickly cooled in the flame extinguishing chamber, and the free electrons and ions in the air can also be neutralized in the flame extinguishing chamber.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the number of through holes is at least two, the sleeve is annular, and the at least two through holes are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the sleeve. The spaced arrangement of the at least two through holes along the circumferential direction of the sleeve facilitates the rapid entry of air from the arc-extinguishing chamber into the flame-extinguishing chamber, and enables the formation of multiple circulating convection currents within the flame-extinguishing chamber. This facilitates the rapid processing of high-temperature ionized gas within the flame-extinguishing chamber, preventing damage to the circuit breaker.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the interrupter includes a second flame extinguishing structure located within the flame extinguishing chamber. The second flame extinguishing structure has an internal channel, and along the through-hole's penetration direction, the projection of at least one of the second flame extinguishing structures and the projection of the through-hole at least partially overlap. The second flame extinguishing structure has an internal channel through which high-temperature ionized gas can pass, be cooled by the second flame extinguishing structure, and then continue flowing within the annular flame extinguishing chamber. When air flowing in different directions within the annular flame extinguishing chamber meets, free electrons and charged ions in the air are neutralized. Because the projection of at least one of the second flame extinguishing structures and the projection of the through-hole at least partially overlap along the through-hole's penetration direction, the gas flowing out of the flame extinguishing chamber can contact the second flame extinguishing structure more quickly, improving the cooling and neutralization speed of the high-temperature ionized gas by the second flame extinguishing structure.

[0012] In one possible implementation, at least one second flame extinguishing structure is provided on each of the opposite sides along the penetrating direction perpendicular to the through hole. After the high-temperature ionized gas in the arc extinguishing chamber flows out of the through hole, it flows in opposite directions along the penetrating direction perpendicular to the through hole. Providing at least one second flame extinguishing structure on each of the opposite sides along the penetrating direction perpendicular to the through hole ensures that the high-temperature ionized gas flowing in different directions within the flame extinguishing chamber enters and contacts the second flame extinguishing structure, improving cooling and adsorption efficiency while saving costs. The position of the second flame extinguishing structure can also be flexibly designed.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the distance between the sidewall of the first flame extinguishing structure and the centerline of the sleeve is less than the distance between a portion of the inner wall of the sleeve and the centerline of the sleeve, but greater than the distance between another portion of the inner wall of the sleeve and the centerline of the sleeve. Along the radial direction of the sleeve, the projection of a portion of the inner wall of the sleeve covers the sidewall of the first flame extinguishing structure. A limiting groove with its opening facing the first flame extinguishing structure is provided on the inner wall of the sleeve. When the first flame extinguishing structure is housed within the arc-extinguishing cavity inside the sleeve, the sidewall of the first flame extinguishing structure can be located within the limiting groove, such that the distance between the sidewall of the first flame extinguishing structure and the centerline of the sleeve is less than the distance between a portion of the inner wall of the sleeve and the centerline of the sleeve, but greater than the distance between another portion of the inner wall of the sleeve and the centerline of the sleeve. The limiting groove can restrict the movement of the first flame extinguishing structure within the arc-extinguishing cavity, especially after the piston impacts the first flame extinguishing structure, the limiting groove can further prevent the first flame extinguishing structure from moving within the arc-extinguishing cavity.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the piston has at least two protrusions at the end facing the first flame extinguishing structure, with a groove between the at least two protrusions. The outer peripheral surface of the protrusions is designed to fit against the inner wall of the sleeve. This fit between the protrusions and the inner wall of the sleeve prevents the piston from getting stuck due to the inner wall of the first channel during its movement in the Z direction, thus preventing the piston from jamming or slowing down during movement and affecting its ability to break through the flow-through copper busbar. Simultaneously, the fit between the protrusions and the inner wall of the sleeve acts as a guide, ensuring the piston maintains the correct movement path during its movement.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the sealing cap has a raised edge facing one side of the base, which encloses a receiving groove. One end of the sleeve is housed within the receiving groove. Along the radial direction of the sleeve, the inner wall of the groove, the raised edge, and the sleeve are arranged sequentially. The receiving groove further limits and fixes the sleeve, preventing the piston's impact from changing the sleeve's position when it enters the sleeve. This ensures the sleeve's position remains stable during arc extinguishing, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the circuit breaker. When the sealing cap is closed on the base, the raised edge can be entirely located within the groove, and the outer wall of the raised edge and the inner wall of the groove are sealed together, preventing leakage of high-temperature ionized gas within the base. The raised edge also ensures that the sealing cap does not deviate from its position during installation with the base. With the sleeve and raised edge located within the groove, and the outer wall of the sleeve and the inner wall of the groove sealed together by the raised edge, the flame extinguishing chamber becomes a sealed cavity, preventing leakage of high-temperature ionized gas within the base.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the sleeve and the bottom of the groove are an integral structure. This integral structure improves the stability between the sleeve and the groove, prevents changes in the position of the sleeve and the arc-extinguishing cavity relative to the groove, and enhances the stability of the arc-extinguishing performance, thereby improving the performance stability of the circuit breaker.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the base has a third channel connecting the flame extinguishing chamber and the external space of the base. Gas inside the base can be discharged from the flame extinguishing chamber through the third channel to increase the exhaust speed of the circuit breaker and prevent excessively high gas pressure inside the base from preventing the electric arc and high-temperature ionized gas from entering the flame extinguishing chamber.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the third channel has at least one filter screen with a porous structure. When air from the flame extinguishing chamber is discharged through the third channel, the filter screen can filter impurities in the air and also divide the air into multiple small airflows, allowing the air to be evenly discharged into the external space of the circuit breaker.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the circuit breaker has a third flame extinguishing structure located within the third channel; and / or the third flame extinguishing structure is located within the flame extinguishing chamber and covers the port of the third channel facing the flame extinguishing chamber. The third flame extinguishing structure can cool the high-temperature ionized gas passing through it and adsorb electrons and charged ions from the high-temperature ionized gas, preventing the high-temperature ionized gas from escaping into the external space of the base. The third flame extinguishing structure is located at the opening of the third channel connecting to the flame extinguishing chamber. High-temperature ionized gas escaping from the flame extinguishing chamber into the external space of the base will first pass through the third flame extinguishing structure, undergoing cooling and adsorption before being discharged into the external space of the base.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the number of arc-extinguishing chambers is at least two, and the at least two arc-extinguishing chambers are spaced apart. The number of first channels is at least two and they are matched and connected to each arc-extinguishing chamber in a one-to-one manner. The number of pistons is at least two and they are matched and housed in each of the first channels in a one-to-one manner. Each piston is matched with a first channel in a one-to-one manner, and each first channel is matched with an arc-extinguishing chamber in a one-to-one manner. One piston can enter an arc-extinguishing chamber through one first channel, thereby achieving rapid arc extinguishing within the arc-extinguishing chamber. The number of pistons, first channels, and arc-extinguishing chambers is at least two, and the number of pistons, first channels, and arc-extinguishing chambers is equal. All arc-extinguishing chambers can extinguish arcs, and each arc-extinguishing chamber can extinguish arcs independently, thereby improving arc extinguishing efficiency.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the first flame extinguishing structure is made of a metallic material. The first flame extinguishing structure can be made of a metallic material, possesses electromagnetic properties, and has an internal flame extinguishing channel capable of absorbing electric arcs. When the piston breaks the current-carrying copper busbar, the busbar breaks, generating an electric arc. Before the piston contacts the first flame extinguishing structure, the structure attracts the arc towards it, drawing it into the annular air passage of the arc extinguishing chamber. The longer the annular air passage, the higher the arc pressure inside, making the arc easier to extinguish. When the piston contacts the first flame extinguishing structure, the internal channel draws the arc into the structure, preventing it from flowing back into the current-carrying copper busbar.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the spacing of the annular air channels is less than or equal to 1 mm. Designing the spacing of the annular air channels to be less than or equal to 1 mm can ensure that the electric arc in the arc-extinguishing chamber is extinguished quickly, reduce heat accumulation in the arc-extinguishing chamber, reduce the possibility of arc reignition, and improve the reliability of arc extinguishing.

[0023] In a second aspect, this application provides a power distribution device, including a connector and a circuit breaker as described in any of the first aspects above, wherein the connector is used to electrically connect to a power source, and the circuit breaker is electrically connected between the connector and the power source.

[0024] Thirdly, this application provides a vehicle including a power source and the power distribution equipment described in the second aspect above, wherein the power source is electrically connected to the power distribution equipment, and the circuit breaker is electrically connected between the connector and the power source. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the vehicle energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0028] Figure 4 is an exploded view of the structure of the circuit breaker provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the circuit breaker provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 6 is a top view schematic diagram of the circuit breaker provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of section AA in Figure 6;

[0032] Figure 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the circuit breaker provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 9 is an exploded structural diagram of the circuit breaker provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 10 is an exploded view of the structure of the circuit breaker provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of point AA in Figure 6;

[0036] Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of part of the circuit breaker;

[0037] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure provided in the embodiment of this application, where the first end face is an inclined surface;

[0038] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure provided in the embodiment of this application, where the first end face is an arc surface;

[0039] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the structure provided in the embodiment of this application, where the first end face is an arc surface;

[0040] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the sleeve provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the sleeve and piston provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0042] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the airflow direction in the flame extinguishing chamber provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of a second flame extinguishing structure disposed inside the flame extinguishing chamber according to an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of a second flame extinguishing structure disposed inside a flame extinguishing chamber according to another embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the airflow direction in the flame extinguishing chamber after two through holes are provided on the sleeve according to the embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 22 is a top view schematic diagram of the circuit breaker provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 23 is a cross-sectional view at point BB in Figure 22;

[0048] Figure 24 is a cross-sectional view at point AA in Figure 6;

[0049] Figure 25 is a cross-sectional view of part of the circuit breaker structure;

[0050] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sleeve with a limiting groove provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the sleeve and the first flame extinguishing structure provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of one positional relationship between the piston and the flow-through copper busbar provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base with a third channel provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third channel with a filter screen provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 31 is a structural schematic diagram of the vehicle provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0057] For ease of understanding, the English abbreviations and related technical terms used in the embodiments of this application will be explained and described below.

[0058] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments in this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0059] The terminology used in the embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in the embodiments of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0060] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this document is merely a description of the same field in the related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0061] It should be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in this application are for distinguishing purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or order.

[0062] In the description of this application, the terms “center,” “upper,” “lower,” “front,” “rear,” “left,” “right,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” and “outer,” etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0063] The phrase "within the range" used in this application, unless otherwise specified, includes both endpoints of the range by default. For example, in the range of 1 to 5, it includes the values ​​1 and 5.

[0064] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "joining" should be interpreted broadly, for example, they can be fixed connections, detachable connections, mating connections or integral connections; those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0065] A circuit breaker is an electronic component used to connect or disconnect current in one or more circuits. Circuit breakers are used in power systems to protect the safe operation of the power system. When a circuit experiences an overload, short circuit, or other fault, the circuit breaker can automatically switch to the open state to disconnect the current in the circuit, thus providing protection. The circuit breaker contains a piston; when the current is abnormal, it is triggered to move at high speed, causing the piston to break the current-carrying copper busbar and disconnect the circuit. When the current-carrying copper busbar breaks, an electric arc is generated at the break point. An electric arc is a gas discharge phenomenon that occurs when current passes through air or other insulating media. When the current-carrying copper busbar breaks, the circuit is interrupted, and the electric field strength between the broken current-carrying copper busbars may be strong enough to ionize molecules in the air into free electrons and ions, forming a conductive path and thus generating an electric arc.

[0066] The generation of electric arcs has several drawbacks. First, it prolongs the circuit breaking time. If a circuit breaker needs to be disconnected due to a fault in the power system, the arc may prevent the breaker from disconnecting in time, causing greater damage to the power system. Second, the high temperature of the arc can easily cause the breaker to explode, resulting in burns and other accidents. The intense light from the arc can also damage people's eyesight. Third, the conductivity of the arc can easily cause short circuits in other equipment, endangering the safe operation of the power system and causing significant casualties and property damage.

[0067] Therefore, circuit breakers need to extinguish the generated electric arc during use to reduce the hazards caused by the arc. However, circuit breakers still have the problem of slow arc extinguishing speed during the arc extinguishing process.

[0068] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides a circuit breaker that can quickly extinguish the generated electric arc, thereby enabling the circuit breaker to rapidly disconnect the circuit and protect the safe operation of the power system.

[0069] The circuit breaker 10 of this application can be applied to a power system, which may include a power source and a load. One end of the circuit breaker is connected to the power source and the other end is connected to the load.

[0070] For example, the power system may include a photovoltaic inverter system. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 1, the photovoltaic inverter system includes photovoltaic (PV) panels and a photovoltaic inverter. The photovoltaic panels convert solar energy into electrical energy. Since the photovoltaic panels generate direct current (DC), the DC power needs to be converted into alternating current (AC) power by the photovoltaic inverter to facilitate the transmission and utilization of electricity.

[0071] The photovoltaic inverter includes a direct current to alternating current (DC / AC) converter, which is used to convert direct current into alternating current.

[0072] Photovoltaic inverters also include a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) module. The MPPT device tracks the highest voltage and current values ​​so that the power generation system can output current at maximum power. The MPPT device and the DC / DC module in a photovoltaic inverter can be housed in the same package or in different packages.

[0073] The MPPT device may include a DC-DC converter used to regulate (or transform) the DC power generated by the PV modules. The regulated DC power can then be output to an energy storage system. One end (A) of the DC / AC converter connects to the MPPT device and an energy storage system, while the other end (B) connects to the AC grid or an AC load. Thus, the DC / AC converter converts the DC power output from the MPPT device or energy storage system into AC power and supplies it to the AC load or AC grid.

[0074] Additionally, the other end B of the DC / AC converter can be connected to another energy storage system via an inverter (i.e., a DC / AC converter). This inverter converts the AC power from the photovoltaic inverter into DC power and stores it in the energy storage system. Furthermore, the DC power from the energy storage system can be converted back into AC power and supplied to AC loads or the AC power grid.

[0075] As shown in Figure 1, in one implementation, the circuit breaker provided in this application can be disposed in the circuit between the MPPT and the energy storage system and the DC / AC converter. That is, one end of the circuit breaker's busbar is connected to the MPPT and the energy storage system, and the other end of the circuit breaker's busbar is connected to the DC / AC converter. In this case, the circuit breaker operates in a DC circuit. The circuit breaker can be used to disconnect the electrical connection between the MPPT and the DC / AC converter, and also, the circuit breaker can be used to disconnect the electrical connection between the energy storage system and the DC / AC converter.

[0076] In another implementation, the circuit breaker provided in this application can be positioned between the output interface of the DC / AC converter and the photovoltaic system. That is, the circuit breaker can disconnect the electrical connection between the DC / AC converter and the AC load or AC power grid. Specifically, one end of the circuit breaker's busbar is connected to the DC / AC converter, and the other end is connected to the power grid or load. In this case, the circuit breaker operates in an AC circuit. The circuit breaker can be used to disconnect the electrical connection between the photovoltaic system and the AC load or AC power grid.

[0077] The circuit breaker provided in this application can also be installed in the aforementioned photovoltaic inverter. In this case, the photovoltaic inverter includes the aforementioned DC / AC converter, MPPT device, detection circuit, circuit breaker, and controller.

[0078] The input terminal of the MPPT device is used to connect to the photovoltaic module, and the output terminal of the MPPT device is used to directly or indirectly connect to the input terminal of the DC / AC converter.

[0079] For example, the circuit breaker is connected between the output of the MPPT device and the input of the DC / AC converter.

[0080] Alternatively, the circuit breaker can be connected between the output of the DC / AC converter and the external power grid or load.

[0081] The detection circuit is used to detect electrical parameters of the DC / AC converter, such as at least one of the input voltage, input current, output voltage, and output current of the DC / AC converter.

[0082] The controller is used to control the actuator of the circuit breaker to drive the piston to move when the electrical parameters of the DC / AC converter exceed a preset threshold. This causes the first insulating part to cut off the current-pass bus, thereby disconnecting the electrical connection between the output terminal of the MPPT device and the input terminal of the DC-to-AC converter, or disconnecting the output terminal of the DC-to-AC converter from the external power grid or load. The structure of the circuit breaker and the operation of each part after its activation are then described in detail.

[0083] For example, the power system may include an energy storage system. Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 2, the energy storage system includes one or more battery clusters, each battery cluster including one or more battery packs. Each battery cluster includes an input / output interface for outputting DC power to a load or a photovoltaic inverter system, and for receiving DC power output from the photovoltaic inverter system. The energy storage system also includes a circuit breaker provided in this application. The circuit breaker can be disposed between the input / output interface (or, in conjunction with, the output bus of the battery cluster) and the photovoltaic system and the load. In this case, the circuit breaker operates in a DC circuit. The circuit breaker can be used to disconnect the electrical connection between the energy storage system and the DC load or the photovoltaic inverter system.

[0084] Additionally, although not illustrated, the energy storage system may also include one or more DC / DC converters and one or more battery management systems (BMS). Each battery pack corresponds to one BMS. The BMS is typically used to perform functions such as dynamic monitoring of battery charging and discharging, battery equalization, and assessment of battery state of charge, while the DC / DC converter is used for power conversion within the battery.

[0085] The aforementioned battery pack can be a single battery or a battery cluster composed of multiple batteries. Specifically, the battery can also be one or more of the following: lead-carbon batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, ternary lithium batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, and flow batteries.

[0086] For example, the power system may include the power system in an electric vehicle. Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a vehicle energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application, specifically a schematic structural diagram of an example of the power system of an electric vehicle with the circuit breaker provided in this application. As shown in Figure 3, the electric vehicle includes a power battery and an electric drive system. The power battery includes a battery cluster, which includes one or more battery packs connected in series. The electric drive system includes an inverter circuit and a motor. The output port of the battery cluster provides direct current to the inverter circuit, which converts the direct current into three-phase alternating current and supplies it to the motor, thereby driving the motor.

[0087] In one implementation, the circuit breaker provided in this application can be located in the circuit between the battery pack and the inverter circuit; that is, one end of the circuit breaker's busbar is connected to the battery pack, and the other end is connected to the DC bus of the inverter circuit. In this case, the circuit breaker operates in the DC circuit. The circuit breaker can be used to disconnect the electrical connection between the battery pack and the electric drive system.

[0088] In another implementation, the circuit breaker provided in this application can be located in the circuit between the inverter circuit and the motor. That is, the circuit breaker can disconnect the electrical connection between the inverter circuit and the motor. Specifically, one end of the circuit breaker's busbar is connected to the AC bus of the inverter circuit, and the other end is connected to the motor. In this case, the circuit breaker operates in the AC circuit. The circuit breaker can be used to disconnect the electrical connection between the inverter circuit and the motor.

[0089] The structure of the circuit breaker provided in this application will be described in detail below.

[0090] This application provides a circuit breaker 10, as shown in Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7. The circuit breaker 10 includes a base 110, a sealing cover 120, a current-carrying copper busbar 130, and a piston 140. The base 110 has an arc-extinguishing chamber 111, which is capable of extinguishing an electric arc. When the current-carrying copper busbar 130 breaks, an electric arc is generated. The arc is introduced into the arc-extinguishing chamber 111 by the piston and extinguished by the arc-extinguishing chamber 111.

[0091] The arc-extinguishing chamber 111 has an opening in the positive Z direction. A sealing cover 120 is located on one side of the opening in the positive Z direction of the arc-extinguishing chamber 111. The sealing cover 120 and the base 110 are fixedly connected, and the sealing cover 120 and the base 110 can be fixedly connected by bolts. For example, referring to Figures 4 and 5, both the sealing cover 120 and the base 110 are provided with mounting holes 118. Bolts pass through the mounting holes 118 located on the sealing cover 120 and the base 110 to fix the sealing cover 120 and the base 110 together. After the sealing cover 120 is fixedly connected to the base 110, the sealing cover 120 forms a sealing connection with the base 110 at the contact surface with the base 110, preventing the leakage of high-temperature ionized gas inside the arc-extinguishing chamber 111. The sealing cover 120 can be made of insulating material. The sealing cover 120 has a first channel 121 penetrating through the thickness direction of the sealing cover 120. Referring to Figure 4, the thickness direction of the sealing cover 120 is a second direction, which is the Z direction. The first channel 121 extends along the Z direction and penetrates the sealing cover 120. One end of the first channel 121 in the opposite Z direction is connected to the opening of the arc-extinguishing cavity 111. The current-carrying copper busbar 130 passes through the first channel 121 and is partially housed within it. A second channel 122 is also provided within the sealing cover 120, penetrating it. The second channel 122 and the first channel 121 are intersected. The first channel 121 extends along the Z direction and penetrates the sealing cover 120, while the second channel 122 extends along the X direction and penetrates the sealing cover 120. The first channel 121 and the second channel 122 are connected at their intersection, thus partially housing the current-carrying copper busbar 130 within the first channel 121 and at the connection point between the first channel 121 and the second channel 122. It is understood that the second channel 122 is used to house the current-carrying copper busbar 130, and the current-carrying copper busbar 130 housed within the second channel 122 completely occupies the internal space of the second channel 122. When the current-carrying copper busbar 130 is removed from the second channel 122, a second channel 122 extending through the sealing cover 120 in the X direction can be displayed on the sealing cover 120.

[0092] The current-carrying copper busbar 130 is arranged parallel to the base 110. The current-carrying copper busbar 130 may be partially located inside the sealing cover 120 and pass through the sealing cover 120 along the X direction. The two sides of the current-carrying copper busbar 130 along the X direction are located outside the sealing cover 120. The current-carrying copper busbar 130 is used for electrical connection of the circuit and can carry current. One end of the current-carrying copper busbar 130 located outside the sealing cover 120 is electrically connected to the power supply, and the other end is electrically connected to the load. The circuit breaker 10 is connected to the circuit in use through the current-carrying copper busbar 130.

[0093] A sealing structure is formed between the sealing cover 120 and the current-carrying copper bus 130, with a boss 1251 and a groove 1311 engaging. The sealing cover 120 may have a boss 1251, and the current-carrying copper bus 130 may have a groove 1311; alternatively, the sealing cover 120 may have a groove 1311, and the current-carrying copper bus 130 may have a boss 1251. Specifically, the sealing cover 120 has a first contact surface 125 that seals against the current-carrying copper bus 130, and the current-carrying copper bus 130 has a second contact surface 131 that seals against the sealing cover 120. The first contact surface 125 may be located on one side of the current-carrying copper bus 130 in the positive Z direction, or it may be located on the side of the current-carrying copper bus 130 in the negative Z direction. The second contact surface 131 may be the surface of the current-carrying copper bus 130 on the positive Z direction, or it may be the surface of the current-carrying copper bus 130 on the side of the negative Z direction. When the first contact surface 125 is located on the Z-direction side of the current-carrying copper busbar 130, the second contact surface 131 is the surface of the current-carrying copper busbar 130 on the Z-direction side. When the first contact surface 125 is located on the Z-opposite side of the current-carrying copper busbar 130, the second contact surface 131 is the surface of the current-carrying copper busbar 130 on the Z-opposite side. The first contact surface 125 and the second contact surface 131 are sealed together. The first contact surface 125 and the second contact surface 131 can be in direct contact for a sealed fit, or the first contact surface 125 and the second contact surface 131 can be in indirect contact, as long as it is ensured that the current-carrying copper busbar 130 can be sealed with the sealing cover 120 respectively. In this application, the first contact surface 125 is located on the Z-direction side of the current-carrying copper busbar 130, and the second contact surface 131 is the surface of the current-carrying copper busbar 130 on the Z-direction side, with the first contact surface 125 and the second contact surface 131 in direct contact.

[0094] Referring to Figure 7, the first contact surface 125 is located on the positive Z-direction side of the current-carrying copper busbar 130. The first contact surface 125 has a boss 1251, which is integral with the first contact surface 125. A portion of the first contact surface 125 protrudes in the negative Z-direction to form the boss 1251. The first channel 121 penetrates the sealing cover 120 in the Z-direction, and the current-carrying copper busbar 130 passes through the sealing cover 120 in the Z-direction. A portion of the current-carrying copper busbar 130 is located within the first channel 121. The portion of the current-carrying copper busbar 130 located in the first channel 121 includes a thinned portion 134, the thickness of which is less than the thickness of other portions of the current-carrying copper busbar 130. The surface of the current-carrying copper busbar 130 on the positive Z-direction side is the second contact surface 131. The second contact surface 131 includes the surface of the thinned portion 134 in the positive Z-direction and the surface of the other portion of the current-carrying copper busbar 130 excluding the thinned portion 134 in the positive Z-direction. The surface of the thinned portion 134 in the positive Z-direction is located on the opposite Z-direction side of the surface of the other portion of the current-carrying copper busbar 130 excluding the thinned portion 134. The surface of the thinned portion 134 in the opposite Z-direction is flush with the surface of the other portion of the current-carrying copper busbar 130 excluding the thinned portion 134 in the opposite Z-direction, thereby forming a groove 1311 between the thinned portion 134 and the other portion of the current-carrying copper busbar 130.

[0095] The boss 1251 is located within the slot 1311 and is sealed to the inner wall of the slot 1311. The engagement and sealing connection between the boss 1251 and the slot 1311 increase the contact area between the sealing cover 120 and the flow-through copper busbar 130, lengthening and complicating the gas flow path. This results in a better seal between the flow-through copper busbar 130 and the sealing cover 120, effectively preventing gas leakage from the contact point between them and ensuring airtightness. Simultaneously, the engagement between the boss 1251 and the slot 1311 also creates a limiting position between the flow-through copper busbar 130 and the sealing cover 120, preventing movement of the flow-through copper busbar 130 relative to the sealing cover 120.

[0096] At least a portion of the piston 140 is housed within the first channel 121, and along the thickness direction (Z direction) of the sealing cover 120, the projection of the piston 140 and the thinned portion 134 at least partially coincide. Along the Z direction, the projection of the piston 140 and the thinned portion 134 may partially or completely coincide. The piston 140 is movable within the first channel 121 to interrupt the current-carrying copper busbar 130 and enter the arc-extinguishing chamber 111. When the piston 140 is not moving, its end in the opposite Z direction is housed within the first channel 121. When the piston 140 moves, it interrupts the thinned portion 134 of the current-carrying copper busbar 130 and enters the arc-extinguishing chamber 111, with its end in the positive Z direction housed within the first channel 121. The piston 140 can be driven by a power mechanism, thereby allowing it to move within the first channel 121 to interrupt the thinned portion 134 of the current-carrying copper busbar 130 and enter the arc-extinguishing chamber 111.

[0097] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 7, a power mechanism (not shown) is located on the side of piston 140 opposite to base 110, and on the side of piston 140 along the positive Z-direction. At least two power mechanisms are present, each paired with a piston 140 in a one-to-one configuration. Each piston 140 has a dedicated power mechanism to drive its movement. The power mechanism on the opposite Z-direction side can directly contact the piston 140 on the positive Z-direction side, or it can be spaced apart from the piston 140 on the positive Z-direction side. The power mechanism can receive control signals and generate thrust to drive piston 140 based on these signals. In one embodiment, a controller can be integrated into the circuit breaker 10, which sends control signals to the power mechanism. In another embodiment, the controller can be located independently of the circuit breaker 10. The power mechanism can generate thrust to drive piston 140 through an explosion or similar means. In one embodiment, the power mechanism can be an ignition device. The igniter ignites and explodes upon receiving an ignition signal from the controller, and the impact force of the explosion drives the piston 140 to move. The circuit breaker 10 can be a pyrotechnic power-off protection circuit breaker.

[0098] When the power mechanism is not in operation, the piston 140 is located on the positive Z side of the arc-extinguishing chamber 111. When the power mechanism is in operation, as shown in Figures 11 and 12, the power mechanism drives the piston 140 to break the flow-through copper busbar 130 and enter the arc-extinguishing chamber 111 corresponding to the piston 140 from above along the negative Z direction. After the flow-through copper busbar 130 is broken, an electric arc is formed. After the piston 140 enters the arc-extinguishing chamber 111, an annular air passage 101 is formed between the outer wall of the piston 140 and the side wall of the arc-extinguishing chamber 111, and the annular air passage 101 surrounds the outside of the piston 140. It can be understood that the shape of the opening of the arc-extinguishing chamber 111 can be the same as the shape of the part of the piston 140 located in the arc-extinguishing chamber 111, and the opening size of the arc-extinguishing chamber 111 is larger than the size of the part of the piston 140 located in the arc-extinguishing chamber 111, so that the annular air passage 101 is formed between the outer wall of the piston 140 and the side wall of the arc-extinguishing chamber 111. Both sidewalls of piston 140 in the X direction can form annular air passages 101 with the arc-extinguishing chamber 111, resulting in a relatively long annular air passage 101. The annular air passage 101 surrounds the piston 140 circumferentially. The long annular air passage 101 can elongate the arc, thereby rapidly increasing the arc voltage and achieving rapid arc extinguishing.

[0099] Referring to Figure 11, the circuit breaker 10 also includes a first flame extinguishing structure 170, which is located within the arc extinguishing chamber 111 and has an internal channel. The internal channel connects the annular gas passage 101 to the external space of the first flame extinguishing structure 170. The high-temperature ionized gas within the annular gas passage 101 can be absorbed by the first flame extinguishing structure 170 through the internal channel, enabling the first flame extinguishing structure 170 to rapidly cool the high-temperature ionized gas and adsorb charged particles.

[0100] The first flame extinguishing structure 170 can be disposed within the arc-extinguishing cavity 111. The first flame extinguishing structure 170 is located on the side of the piston 140 facing the arc-extinguishing cavity 111, and is connected to the bottom wall of the base 110 within the arc-extinguishing cavity 111. It is understood that the height of the first flame extinguishing structure 170 along the Z-direction is less than the height of the arc-extinguishing cavity 111 along the Z-direction, so that when the piston 140 breaks through the current-carrying copper busbar 130 and enters the arc-extinguishing cavity 111, the arc-extinguishing cavity 111 has space to accommodate the piston 140. The first flame extinguishing structure 170 is located on the opposite side of the piston 140 in the Z-direction. When the piston 140 breaks through the current-carrying copper busbar 130 and enters the arc-extinguishing cavity 111, the piston 140 will impact the first flame extinguishing structure 170, which deforms upon contact with the piston 140. The first flame extinguishing structure 170 can buffer the piston 140, reducing the impact force on other structures of the circuit breaker 10. Understandably, the first flame extinguishing structure 170 can be located directly below the piston 140 to better cushion the piston 140. The area of ​​the end face of the first flame extinguishing structure 170 in the positive Z direction can also be greater than or equal to the area of ​​the end face of the piston 140 in the negative Z direction. When the piston 140 moves in the negative Z direction and comes into contact with the first flame extinguishing structure 170, the larger contact area ensures full contact between the piston 140 and the first flame extinguishing structure 170. This allows for a more even distribution of impact force, reduces localized stress concentration, and thus provides a more effective cushioning effect.

[0101] Furthermore, the first flame extinguishing structure 170 also has the ability to absorb heat and adsorb charged particles. When the piston 140 breaks the flow-through copper busbar 130 and enters the arc-extinguishing chamber 111, the flow-through copper busbar 130 breaks, generating an electric arc, accompanied by the generation of high-temperature ionized gas. The first flame extinguishing structure 170 has an internal channel, and the electric arc and high-temperature ionized gas are attracted to the annular gas passage 101 of the arc-extinguishing chamber 111, increasing the path of the electric arc. The electric arc can be quickly extinguished by the arc-extinguishing chamber 111, and the high-temperature ionized gas can be cooled by the first flame extinguishing structure 170. Electrons and charged ions in the high-temperature ionized gas can also be adsorbed by the first flame extinguishing structure 170, preventing the high-temperature ionized gas from flowing back in the Z-direction. The first flame extinguishing structure 170 has an internal channel, and the high-temperature ionized gas can pass through the flame extinguishing channel through the first flame extinguishing structure 170. After being processed by the first flame extinguishing structure 170, it enters the flame extinguishing chamber 112 through the through hole 114 and continues to flow in the flame extinguishing chamber 112.

[0102] This application provides a circuit breaker 10. After the piston 140 breaks the current-carrying copper busbar 130, it enters the arc-extinguishing chamber 111. The breakage of the current-carrying copper busbar 130 generates an electric arc, which the piston 140 can introduce into the arc-extinguishing chamber 111. The arc-extinguishing chamber 111 can extinguish the electric arc that enters it independently. After the piston 140 enters the arc-extinguishing chamber 111, there is an annular air passage 101 between the outer wall of the piston 140 and the side wall of the arc-extinguishing chamber 111. The electric arc can enter the annular air passage 101. The relatively long annular air passage 101 can quickly increase the arc pressure of the electric arc, achieving rapid arc extinguishing. The first flame extinguishing structure 170 can buffer the piston 140 entering the arc-extinguishing chamber 111, reducing the impact force on other structures of the circuit breaker 10. Furthermore, the first flame extinguishing structure 170 also has the ability to absorb heat and adsorb charged particles. It can attract the electric arc and high-temperature ionized gas into the annular gas channel 101 of the arc extinguishing chamber 111, increasing the path of the electric arc so that the electric arc can be extinguished quickly, and the high-temperature ionized gas can be cooled by the first flame extinguishing structure 170. Electrons and charged ions in the high-temperature ionized gas can also be adsorbed by the first flame extinguishing structure 170.

[0103] In one possible implementation, referring to Figures 8, 9, and 10, the sealing cover 120 includes a sealing upper cover 126 and a sealing lower cover 127. The sealing upper cover 126 is located on the positive Z-direction side of the sealing lower cover 127, and the sealing upper cover 126, the sealing lower cover 127, and the base 110 are connected sequentially along the negative Z-direction. A through groove 1261 is provided between the sealing upper cover 126 and the sealing lower cover 127. The through groove 1261 can be provided on the sealing upper cover 126, or it can also be provided on the sealing lower cover 127, or both the sealing upper cover 126 and the sealing lower cover 127 can have through grooves 1261. The sealing upper cover 126 and the sealing lower cover 127 engage with the through groove 1261 to enclose the current-carrying copper busbar 130. The conductive groove 1261 can be used to accommodate part of the current-carrying copper bus 130. When the upper sealing cover 126 and the lower sealing cover 127 are fastened together, the current-carrying copper bus 130 is located between the upper sealing cover 126 and the lower sealing cover 127, and part of the current-carrying copper bus 130 is located in the conductive groove 1261. Thus, the upper sealing cover 126 and the lower sealing cover 127 can surround the current-carrying copper bus 130 and fix the current-carrying copper bus 130 in the sealing cover 120.

[0104] In one embodiment, referring to Figures 9 and 10, both the upper sealing cover 126 and the lower sealing cover 127 are provided with through grooves 1261. When the upper sealing cover 126 and the lower sealing cover 127 are fastened together, the through grooves 1261 on the upper sealing cover 126 and the lower sealing cover 127 form a second channel 122, thereby allowing the current-carrying copper busbar 130 to be sandwiched between the upper sealing cover 126 and the lower sealing cover 127. The through grooves 1261 are located on both sides of the current-carrying copper busbar 130 in the Z direction. The inner wall surface of the through grooves 1261 is in contact with the surfaces of the current-carrying copper busbar 130 on both sides in the Z direction. The current-carrying copper busbar 130 is sealed and fitted with the upper sealing cover 126 and the lower sealing cover 127 at the contact points.

[0105] In one possible implementation, referring to FIG13, the sidewall of the first flame extinguishing structure 170 is fitted with the sidewall of the arc extinguishing cavity 111 to be fixed within the arc extinguishing cavity 111. Along the thickness direction (Z direction) of the sealing cap, the piston 140 includes an inclined end face. The end face of the first flame extinguishing structure 170 facing the piston 140 is fitted with the inclined end face and located between the inclined end face and the sidewall of the arc extinguishing cavity 111. The end face of the first flame extinguishing structure 170 facing the piston 140 is designated as the first end face 171. The first end face 171 is located on the positive Z-direction side of the first flame extinguishing structure 170. The inclined end face is designated as the second end face 142, located on the negative Z-direction side of the piston 140, and is inclined along the extending direction of the piston 140. After the piston 140 enters the arc-extinguishing chamber 111, it comes into contact with the first flame-extinguishing structure 170. The first end face 171 of the first flame-extinguishing structure 170 fits against the second end face 142 of the piston 140, and the second end face 142 is located between the first end face 171 and the side wall of the arc-extinguishing chamber 111. After being impacted by the piston 140, the first flame-extinguishing structure 170 can expand and deform from the inside to the outside. The first end face 171 of the first flame-extinguishing structure 170 will squeeze the second end face 142 of the piston 140, pressing the piston 140 between the side wall of the arc-extinguishing chamber 111 and the first end face 171, preventing the piston 140 from rebounding in the positive Z direction.

[0106] In one embodiment, referring to FIG13, both the first end face 171 and the second end face 142 are inclined surfaces. The first flame extinguishing structure 170 may have a first end face 171 on both sides in the positive and negative X directions. The first end face 171 is inclined from the negative Z direction to the positive Z direction and also inwards towards the interior of the first flame extinguishing structure 170. The second end face 142 is inclined in the opposite direction to the first end face 171 and is parallel to the first end face 171, so that when the second end face 142 contacts the first end face 171, the second end face 142 and the first end face 171 can fit together. After the first flame extinguishing structure 170 is subjected to impact expansion, the first end face 171 can compress the second end face 142.

[0107] In one embodiment, referring to FIG14, both the first end face 171 and the second end face 142 are arc surfaces. The first flame extinguishing structure 170 may have the first end face 171 on both sides in the positive X direction and the negative X direction. The first end face 171 may protrude from the inside of the first flame extinguishing structure 170 to the outside of the first flame extinguishing structure 170 to form an arc surface, and the second end face 142 may protrude from the inside of the piston 140 to the outside of the piston 140 to form an arc surface. Alternatively, referring to FIG15, the first end face 171 may be concave from the outside of the first flame extinguishing structure 170 to the inside of the first flame extinguishing structure 170 to form an arc surface, and the second end face 142 may be concave from the outside of the piston 140 to the inside of the first flame extinguishing structure 170 to form an arc surface. After the piston 140 impacts the first flame extinguishing structure 170, the second end face 142 can cooperate and fit with the first end face 171. After the first flame extinguishing structure 170 expands due to the impact, the first end face 171 can squeeze the second end face 142.

[0108] In one possible implementation, the first flame extinguishing structure 170 is made of a metallic material. The first flame extinguishing structure 170 can be made of a metallic material, is electromagnetic, and has an internal flame extinguishing channel. The first flame extinguishing structure 170 can absorb electric arcs. When the piston 140 breaks the current-carrying copper busbar 130, the current-carrying copper busbar 130 breaks, generating an electric arc. Before the piston 140 contacts the first flame extinguishing structure 170, the first flame extinguishing structure 170 can attract the electric arc towards itself, drawing it into the annular air passage 101 of the arc extinguishing chamber 111. The annular air passage 101 is longer, resulting in a higher arc pressure inside, making the arc easier to extinguish. When the piston 140 contacts the first flame extinguishing structure 170, the internal channel of the first flame extinguishing structure 170 draws the electric arc into itself, preventing the arc from flowing back into the current-carrying copper busbar 130.

[0109] The first flame extinguishing structure 170 may include at least one of a flame extinguishing mesh, copper foam, and a multi-layer grid. In one embodiment, the first flame extinguishing structure 170 is a flame extinguishing mesh, which may be a mesh structure woven from metal wires. The first flame extinguishing structure 170 may include a single layer of flame extinguishing mesh, or at least two layers of flame extinguishing mesh, and the flame extinguishing mesh may have irregular channels within it. In one embodiment, the first flame extinguishing structure 170 is copper foam. Copper foam is a material with a porous structure and may be made of copper or a copper alloy. In one embodiment, the first flame extinguishing structure 170 is a multi-layer grid. The multi-layer grid consists of multiple layers of metal sheets, with a certain gap between each layer. The flame extinguishing mesh, copper foam, and multi-layer grid all have a porous structure inside, which allows the first flame extinguishing structure 170 to expand after being impacted by the piston 140. The expanded first flame extinguishing structure 170 will compress the sidewall of the arc extinguishing chamber 111, thereby compressing the piston 140 and preventing the piston 140 from rebounding in the Z-direction.

[0110] In one possible implementation, referring to Figures 10, 11, 13, 16, and 17, the base 110 includes a body 115 and a sleeve 117. A groove 102 is provided within the body 115, and the sleeve 117 is positioned on the bottom wall of the groove 102. The sleeve 117 and the groove 102 can be an integral structure or two independent structures. The sleeve 117 extends from the bottom wall of the groove 102 towards the opening direction (positive Z-direction) of the groove 102. The sleeve 117 encloses and forms an arc-extinguishing chamber 111, the inner cavity of which is the arc-extinguishing chamber 111. An annular air passage 101 is formed between the inner wall of the sleeve 117 and the piston 140. The sleeve 117 is located within the groove 102, and a portion of the outer wall of the sleeve 117 and a portion of the inner wall of the groove 102 are sealed together. The inner wall surface of the groove 102 and the outer wall surface of the sleeve 117 enclose a flame-extinguishing chamber 112.

[0111] The body 115 and the sleeve 117 can be two independent structures. The body 115 can include the bottom wall and side wall of the base 110. A groove 102 is provided on the body 115, specifically located on the bottom wall of the base 110. The sleeve 117 can be fixedly connected to the groove 102 or detachably connected to the groove 102. The sleeve 117 can be located inside the groove 102, and one end face of the sleeve 117 can be fitted against the bottom wall of the groove 102 to seal a portion of the outer wall of the sleeve 117 and a portion of the inner wall of the groove 102. The inner wall of the groove 102 and the outer wall of the sleeve 117 enclose a flame extinguishing chamber 112, and the inner cavity of the sleeve 117 is an arc extinguishing chamber 111. The sleeve 117 and the body 115 are independent of each other, and the sleeve 117 can be replaced with different sizes to meet different arc extinguishing requirements, making the design of the circuit breaker 10 more flexible.

[0112] The flame extinguishing chamber 112 is annular and surrounds the arc extinguishing chamber 111. The sleeve 117 is also annular and surrounds the arc extinguishing chamber 111. The arc extinguishing chamber 111 can be the internal space of the sleeve 117. Referring to Figures 10, 11, and 12, the sleeve 117 is annular and has annular sidewalls, which enclose the annular arc extinguishing chamber 111. The arc extinguishing chamber 111 and the flame extinguishing chamber 112 are separated by the sidewalls of the sleeve 117. The flame extinguishing chamber 112 is annular, and the arc extinguishing chamber 111 is located inside the flame extinguishing chamber 112, with the annular flame extinguishing chamber 112 surrounding the arc extinguishing chamber 111. The nested structure of the arc extinguishing chamber 111 and the flame extinguishing chamber 112 improves space utilization efficiency and reduces the volume of the circuit breaker 10. The volume of the flame extinguishing chamber 112 is larger than that of the arc extinguishing chamber 111. The flame extinguishing chamber 112 can provide a larger surface area and even more space to accommodate the flame extinguishing structure, allowing the high-temperature ionized gas to be rapidly cooled within it. The arc extinguishing chamber 111 and the flame extinguishing chamber 112 are connected by a through hole 114. When the piston 140 enters the arc extinguishing chamber 111, an annular air passage 101 is formed between the inner wall of the sleeve 117 and the piston 140. The sleeve 117 is provided with a through hole 114, which penetrates the side wall of the sleeve 117 and connects the arc extinguishing chamber 111 and the flame extinguishing chamber 112. When the piston 140 breaks through the flow-through copper busbar 130 and enters the arc extinguishing chamber 111, the flow-through copper busbar 130 breaks, generating an electric arc, accompanied by the generation of high-temperature ionized gas. When the gas in the arc-extinguishing chamber 111 enters the flame-extinguishing chamber 112 through the through-hole, the sleeve 117 is annular, and the flame-extinguishing chamber 112 is annular. Air can flow along the annular sleeve 117 within the annular flame-extinguishing chamber 112, and the gas flow path is shown by the dashed arrow in Figure 18. Air flowing in different directions within the annular flame-extinguishing chamber 112 will meet, thereby neutralizing free electrons and ions in the air, making the air uncharged, and significantly reducing the risk of electric shock and other electrical hazards.

[0113] In one embodiment, a fixing groove 1172 may also be provided on the body 115. Referring to Figures 23, 24, and 25, the fixing groove 1172 is located within the groove 102 and is specifically disposed on the bottom wall of the base 110. A sleeve 117 is disposed within the fixing groove 1172, with its end face in the opposite direction of Z fitting against the bottom wall of the fixing groove 1172. The side wall of the sleeve 117 within the fixing groove 1172 is fitted against and sealed to the inner wall of the fixing groove 1172, preventing gas leakage from the arc-extinguishing chamber 111 between the base 110 and the sleeve 117, thus ensuring the airtightness of the circuit breaker 10. The fixing groove 1172 can limit and fix the sleeve 117, preventing the piston 140 from changing the position of the sleeve 117 due to the impact force of the piston 140 when it enters the sleeve 117. This ensures that the position of the sleeve 117 remains stable during the arc extinguishing process, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the circuit breaker 10.

[0114] In one possible implementation, referring to Figure 24, the sleeve 117 has a through hole 114 connecting the arc-extinguishing chamber 111 and the flame-extinguishing chamber 112. The through hole 114 is located on the sleeve 117 and penetrates through the sleeve 117. The sleeve 117 is located within the groove 102 and is sealed to the inner wall of the groove 102. The inner cavity of the sleeve 117 is the arc-extinguishing chamber 111, and the inner wall of the groove 102 and the outer wall of the sleeve 117 enclose the flame-extinguishing chamber 112. The flame-extinguishing chamber 112 and the arc-extinguishing chamber 111 are separated by the side wall of the sleeve 117, and the through hole 114 can be provided on the side wall of the sleeve 117, penetrating through the side wall of the sleeve 117. The sleeve 117 can have one through hole 114, two through holes 114, three through holes 114, etc.

[0115] The through hole 114 connects the inner cavity of the sleeve 117 and the outside of the sleeve 117, that is, the through hole 114 connects the arc-extinguishing chamber 111 and the flame-extinguishing chamber 112. The first flame-extinguishing structure 170 is located inside the sleeve 117 and covers the through hole 114. The first flame-extinguishing structure 170 can completely cover the through hole 114 or partially cover the through hole 114. The internal channel of the first flame-extinguishing structure 170 can be connected to the through hole 114, allowing the gas in the arc-extinguishing chamber 111 to enter the flame-extinguishing chamber 112. After the sleeve 117 is located in the groove 102, when the piston 140 breaks the flow-through copper busbar 130 and enters the arc-extinguishing chamber 111 inside the sleeve 117, the flow-through copper busbar 130 breaks, generating an electric arc, accompanied by the generation of high-temperature ionized gas, and the molecules in the air are ionized into free electrons and ions. The electric arc and the high-temperature ionized gas will enter the arc extinguishing chamber 111 at the same time. The electric arc can be quickly extinguished by the arc extinguishing chamber 111, and the high-temperature ionized gas can enter the flame extinguishing chamber 112 through the through hole 114. The flame extinguishing chamber 112 can be equipped with a flame extinguishing structure, so that the air can be quickly cooled in the flame extinguishing chamber 112, and the free electrons and ions in the air can also be neutralized in the flame extinguishing chamber 112.

[0116] In one embodiment, a through hole 114 may be provided on the sleeve 117, and the through hole 114 is located on the side wall of the sleeve 117 in the positive X direction. The through hole 114 is located on the side of the sleeve 117 in the opposite Z direction. When the high-temperature ionized gas in the arc extinguishing chamber 111 flows out through the through hole 114, it flows in opposite directions on the outside of the sleeve 117. In this embodiment, after the high-temperature ionized gas flows out of the through hole 114, it first flows in the positive Y direction and the opposite Y direction respectively, thereby forming a circulating airflow convection in the flame extinguishing chamber 112. When the outflowing high-temperature ionized gas meets in the flame extinguishing chamber 112, it can quickly neutralize the charged ions.

[0117] In one possible implementation, referring to Figures 11 and 18, the circuit breaker 10 includes a second flame extinguishing structure 160 located within the flame extinguishing chamber 112 and disposed outside the sleeve 117. The second flame extinguishing structure 160 can be positioned anywhere between the flame extinguishing chamber 112 and the sleeve 117. The second flame extinguishing structure 160 has the ability to absorb heat and adsorb charged particles. It can cool the high-temperature free gas entering the flame extinguishing chamber 112 and adsorb electrons and charged ions from the high-temperature free gas. For example, the second flame extinguishing structure 160 can be made of metal. The second flame extinguishing structure 160 has an internal channel through which the high-temperature free gas can pass. After being cooled by the second flame extinguishing structure 160, it continues to flow within the annular flame extinguishing chamber 112. When air flowing in different directions within the annular flame extinguishing chamber 112 meets, the free electrons and charged ions in the air are neutralized. This application does not limit the shape of the second flame extinguishing structure 160. Those skilled in the art can make adaptive designs for the second flame extinguishing structure 160 according to the flame extinguishing requirements of the switch 10 or the shape of the flame extinguishing chamber 112.

[0118] In one possible implementation, the second flame extinguishing structure 160 includes at least one of a flame extinguishing mesh, copper foam, and multilayer grid sheets. The second flame extinguishing structure 160 can be made of a metallic material. The second flame extinguishing structure 160 is capable of rapidly cooling and ionizing high-temperature free gases and adsorbing charged particles.

[0119] In one embodiment, the second flame extinguishing structure 160 is a flame extinguishing mesh, which can be a grid-like structure formed by weaving metal wires. The second flame extinguishing structure 160 may include a single layer of flame extinguishing mesh, or at least two layers, and the flame extinguishing mesh may have irregular channels. When high-temperature free gas passes through the flame extinguishing mesh, the gas velocity is impeded, increasing its contact area and time with the flame extinguishing mesh. This facilitates rapid cooling of the gas and promotes the adsorption of free electrons and ions.

[0120] In one embodiment, the second flame extinguishing structure 160 is copper foam. Copper foam is a porous material that can be made of copper or copper alloys. It has a large specific surface area, enabling it to effectively absorb and diffuse high-temperature free gases and accelerate the cooling process of these gases. The porous structure of copper foam also helps to adsorb free electrons and charged ions in the gas.

[0121] In one embodiment, the second flame extinguishing structure 160 is a multi-layered grid. The multi-layered grid consists of multiple layers of metal sheets, with a certain gap between each layer. These gaps help to rapidly reduce the temperature of the air.

[0122] The second flame extinguishing structure 160 is disposed in the flame extinguishing chamber 112. Along the through-hole 114, the projection of at least one second flame extinguishing structure 160 and the projection of the through-hole 114 at least partially overlap, so that the gas in the arc extinguishing chamber 111 can come into contact with the second flame extinguishing structure 160 more quickly after flowing out of the through-hole 114, thereby improving the cooling and neutralization speed of the second flame extinguishing structure 160 on the high-temperature free gas.

[0123] In one embodiment, referring to Figures 11 and 18, a second flame extinguishing structure 160 is disposed within the flame extinguishing chamber 112, and the second flame extinguishing structure 160 is disposed on the outer side of the sleeve 117. The wall surface of the second flame extinguishing structure 160 facing the through hole 114 (the wall surface of the second flame extinguishing structure 160 in the X-direction) may or may not be attached to the outer wall surface of the sleeve 117. The sleeve 117 has a through hole 114 on its side wall in the X-direction. In this embodiment, the through hole 114 penetrates in the X-direction, and the second flame extinguishing structure 160 is located on the side of the through hole 114 along the X-direction. The wall surface of the second flame extinguishing structure 160 in the X-direction may have a recess 161, which is recessed inward along the wall surface of the second flame extinguishing structure 160 in the X-direction in the X-direction. The recess 161 is positioned directly opposite the through hole 114, and the projection of the through hole 114 along the X direction is entirely within the projection of the recess 161 along the X direction. The design of the recess 161 prevents the second flame extinguishing structure 160 from clogging the through hole 114. Air flowing out of the arc extinguishing chamber 111 exits through the through hole 114 and enters the interior of the second flame extinguishing structure 160 via the internal channel on the recess 161. The air can be cooled by the second flame extinguishing structure 160, and electrons and charged ions in the high-temperature free gas can also be adsorbed by the second flame extinguishing structure 160. The large volume of the second flame extinguishing structure 160 improves the cooling efficiency of the air in the flame extinguishing chamber 112 and the neutralization or removal efficiency of free electrons and charged ions in the air.

[0124] In one possible implementation, at least one second flame extinguishing structure 160 is provided on each of the opposite sides along the penetrating direction perpendicular to the through hole 114. The number of second flame extinguishing structures 160 is at least two, and can be two, three, four, etc. At least two second flame extinguishing structures 160 are located within the flame extinguishing chamber 112, and are spaced apart along the extending direction of the flame extinguishing chamber 112. The second flame extinguishing structures 160 are disposed between the flame extinguishing chamber 112 and the sleeve 117. The second flame extinguishing structures 160 are spaced apart around the periphery of the sleeve 117. At least one second flame extinguishing structure 160 is provided on each of the opposite sides along the penetrating direction perpendicular to the through hole 114. In this embodiment, the penetrating direction of the through hole 114 is the X direction, and the penetrating direction perpendicular to the through hole 114 is the Y direction. At least one second flame extinguishing structure 160 can be provided on each side in the Y direction. After the high-temperature free gas in the arc extinguishing chamber 111 flows out of the through hole 114, it flows in opposite directions in the direction perpendicular to the through hole 114. On each side of the opposite sides in the direction perpendicular to the through hole 114, at least one second flame extinguishing structure 160 is provided to ensure that the high-temperature free gas flowing in different directions in the flame extinguishing chamber 112 enters the second flame extinguishing structure 160 and comes into contact with the second flame extinguishing structure 160, thereby improving the cooling efficiency and adsorption efficiency, while saving costs. The position of the second flame extinguishing structure 160 can also be flexibly designed.

[0125] In one embodiment, referring to Figures 11 and 19, there are two second flame extinguishing structures 160. Both second flame extinguishing structures 160 are spaced apart on one side of the sleeve 117 in the positive X direction. A through hole 114 is also provided on the side wall of the sleeve 117 in the positive X direction, and the two second flame extinguishing structures 160 are spaced apart on both sides of the through hole 114 in the Y direction. Air flowing out of the through hole 114 can flow in both the positive Y direction and the negative Y direction. The two second flame extinguishing structures 160 are respectively located on both sides of the through hole 114 in the Y direction, allowing air flowing out of the through hole 114 to contact the second flame extinguishing structures 160, increasing the contact area between the air and the second flame extinguishing structures 160, thereby improving cooling and adsorption efficiency. Air can pass through the internal channels of the second flame extinguishing structures 160 and meet on the side of the sleeve 117 in the negative X direction, allowing electrons and charged ions in the high-temperature free gas to neutralize.

[0126] In one embodiment, referring to Figures 11 and 20, the number of second flame extinguishing structures 160 is three. The three second flame extinguishing structures 160 are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the annular sleeve 117 on its outer side. The sleeve 117 has a through hole 114 on its sidewall in the positive X direction, penetrating the sleeve 117 in the X direction, with the Y direction perpendicular to the through hole 114. The three second flame extinguishing structures 160 can be respectively located on the outer sidewall of the sleeve 117 in the positive X direction, the outer sidewall of the sleeve 117 in the positive Y direction, and the outer sidewall of the sleeve 117 in the negative Y direction. The projection of the second flame extinguishing structure 160 located on the outer sidewall of the sleeve 117 in the positive X direction in the X direction coincides with the projection of the through hole 114 in the X direction. This design not only increases the contact area between the air and the second flame extinguishing structures 160, but also improves cooling and adsorption efficiency. It can also ensure that the high-temperature free gas flowing out of the through hole 114 can enter the second flame extinguishing structure 160 from multiple directions, thereby achieving an all-round cooling and adsorption effect.

[0127] In one possible implementation, the number of through holes 114 is at least two, the sleeve 117 is annular, and the at least two through holes 114 are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the sleeve 117. The number of through holes 114 can be at least two, for example, two, three, four, etc. The sleeve 117 is annular, and the at least two through holes 114 are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the sleeve 117. For example, at least two second flame extinguishing structures 160 can be provided on the same side of the sleeve 117. Alternatively, at least two second flame extinguishing structures 160 can be provided on different sides of the sleeve 117. The sleeve 117 is provided with at least two through holes 114 at intervals, which facilitates the rapid entry of air from the arc extinguishing chamber 111 into the flame extinguishing chamber 112, and can form multiple circulating convections in the flame extinguishing chamber 112, which facilitates the rapid processing of high-temperature free gas in the flame extinguishing chamber 112 and prevents damage to the circuit breaker 10. Understandably, the through hole 114 can be set on the side of the sleeve 117 in the opposite direction of Z to facilitate the outflow of high-temperature free gas in the arc extinguishing chamber 111.

[0128] In one embodiment, referring to Figures 17 and 21, there are two through holes 114, which are respectively located on both sides of the sleeve 117 in the X direction. The high-temperature ionized gas in the arc-extinguishing chamber 111 can enter the flame-extinguishing chamber 112 through the two through holes 114. The flow path of the high-temperature ionized gas in the flame-extinguishing chamber 112 is shown by the dashed arrow in Figure 21: when the high-temperature ionized gas flows out from the through hole 114, the gas flows in the positive Y direction and the negative Y direction respectively, forming a circulating airflow convection. When the outflowing high-temperature ionized gas meets in the flame-extinguishing chamber 112, it can quickly neutralize the charged ions.

[0129] In one embodiment, there are three through holes 114. These three through holes 114 can be respectively located on the sidewall of the sleeve 117 in the positive Y direction, the positive X direction, and the negative X direction. High-temperature ionized gas in the arc-extinguishing chamber 111 can enter the flame-extinguishing chamber 112 through the three through holes 114. When the high-temperature ionized gas flows out from the through holes 114, the gas can flow in opposite directions within the flame-extinguishing chamber 112, forming a circulating airflow convection. When the outflowing high-temperature ionized gas meets within the flame-extinguishing chamber 112, it can quickly neutralize the charged ions.

[0130] In one possible implementation, referring to Figures 13, 23, 26, and 27, the first flame extinguishing structure 170 is housed inside the sleeve 117. A limiting groove 1171 is provided on the inner wall of the sleeve 117, with the opening of the limiting groove 1171 facing the first flame extinguishing structure 170. The limiting groove 1171 can extend in the opposite Z direction to the bottom wall of the sleeve 117. The limiting groove 1171 can be located on the inner wall of the sleeve 117 in the X direction (as shown in Figure 26), or on the inner wall of the sleeve 117 in the Y direction (as shown in Figure 27), or on both the inner walls of the sleeve 117 in the X and Y directions. The first flame extinguishing structure 170 is housed within the sleeve 117, and the inner wall of the sleeve 117 is in contact with the side wall of the first flame extinguishing structure 170. The distance L1 between the side wall of the first flame extinguishing structure 170 and the center line of the sleeve 117 is less than the distance L2 between a portion of the inner wall of the sleeve 117 and the center line of the sleeve, and greater than the distance L3 between another portion of the inner wall of the sleeve 117 and the center line of the sleeve 117. A limiting groove 1171 is provided on the sleeve 117, and the distance L2 between a portion of the inner wall of the sleeve 117 and the center line of the sleeve is the distance between the inner wall of the limiting groove 1171 in the Y direction and the center line of the sleeve. Although when the first flame extinguishing structure 170 is housed within the arc extinguishing cavity 111 inside the sleeve 117, the sidewall of the first flame extinguishing structure 170 can be located within the limiting groove 1171 and fit against the inner wall of the limiting groove 1171, due to assembly precision and manufacturing tolerances, a gap exists between the sidewall of the first flame extinguishing structure 170 and the inner wall of the limiting groove 1171, making L1 less than L2. The distance L3 between another part of the inner wall of the sleeve 117 and the centerline of the sleeve 117 is the distance between the inner wall of the sleeve 117 without the limiting groove 1171 and the centerline of the sleeve 117. L1 is greater than L3. Along the radial direction of the sleeve 117, the projection of a portion of the inner wall of the sleeve 117 (the inner wall of the limiting groove 1171) covers the sidewall of the first flame extinguishing structure 170, and the sidewall of the first flame extinguishing structure 170 is completely located within the limiting groove 1171. The limiting groove 1171 can restrict the movement of the first flame extinguishing structure 170 within the arc extinguishing chamber 111. Especially after the piston 140 impacts the first flame extinguishing structure 170, the limiting groove 1171 can further prevent the first flame extinguishing structure 170 from moving within the arc extinguishing chamber 111. The number of limiting grooves 1171 can be at least one. The sleeve 117 and the groove 102 can be an integral structure or two independent structures. Understandably, when the sleeve 117 and the groove 102 are two independent structures, during assembly, the first flame extinguishing structure 170 can be placed in the groove 102 first, and then the sleeve 117 can be fitted over the outside of the first flame extinguishing structure 170.

[0131] In one possible implementation, referring to Figures 13 and 28, the piston 140 has at least two protrusions 143 at one end facing the first flame extinguishing structure 170. The protrusions 143 are located at the end of the piston 140 in the opposite Z direction, and a second end face 142 is located on the protrusions 143. The number of protrusions 143 can be two, three, or four, etc. A groove 144 is provided between the at least two protrusions 143, and the opening of the groove 144 faces the first flame extinguishing structure 170. The bottom wall of the groove 144 is used to contact and interrupt the current-carrying copper busbar 130, and the outer peripheral surface of the protrusion 143 is in contact with the inner wall surface of the sleeve 117. The piston 140 can move in the opposite Z direction and break through the current-carrying copper busbar 130 to enter the arc-extinguishing chamber 111 inside the sleeve 117. Referring to Figure 28, when the bottom wall of the groove 144 of the piston 140 contacts the surface of the current-carrying copper busbar 130 in the positive Z direction, the protrusion 143 can be partially located inside the sleeve 117. The outer peripheral surface of the protrusion 143 inside the sleeve 117 is in contact with the inner wall surface of the sleeve 117. The contact between the protrusion 143 and the inner wall surface of the sleeve 117 can prevent the piston 140 from being stuck by the inner wall surface of the first channel 121 during its movement in the Z direction, preventing the piston 140 from getting stuck or its movement speed from decreasing during the movement, thus affecting the piston 140's ability to break through the current-carrying copper busbar 130. At the same time, the contact between the protrusion 143 and the inner wall surface of the sleeve 117 can also act as a guide, ensuring that the piston 140 maintains the correct movement path during its movement.

[0132] In one possible implementation, referring to Figures 22, 23, 24 and 25, the sealing cover 120 has a protruding eave 123 facing the base 110. The eave 123 encloses and forms a receiving groove 124. One end of the sleeve 117 is accommodated in the receiving groove 124 and is sealed to the inner wall of the receiving groove 124. The eave 123 is located in the groove 102 and is sealed to the inner wall of the groove 102. The outer wall of the sleeve 117 and the inner wall of the groove 102 are sealed to each other through the eave 123.

[0133] A flange 123 is provided on the side of the sealing cap 120 facing the base 110 (the side of the sealing cap 120 in the opposite Z direction). The base 110 is located on the side of the sealing cap 120 in the opposite Z direction. The flange 123 extends in the opposite Z direction, so that the flange 123 protrudes towards the base 110. The flange 123 and the sealing cap 120 enclose each other on the sidewall in the opposite Z direction to form a first cavity 1231, and a receiving groove 124 is located within the first cavity 1231. It is understood that the sidewall enclosing the receiving groove 124 is also a flange 123. In one embodiment, a portion of the sidewall of the receiving groove 124 may be integral with a portion of the sidewall of the first cavity 1231. Or in one embodiment, the sidewall of the receiving groove 124 is independent of the sidewall of the first cavity 1231, and there is a gap between the sidewall of the receiving groove 124 and the sidewall of the first cavity 1231. In this embodiment, referring to Figures 9, 23, and 25, the sidewall of the receiving groove 124 in the Y direction is spaced apart from the sidewall of the first cavity 1231 in the Y direction, so as to enclose with the groove 102 to form a larger flame extinguishing cavity 112 for accommodating more second flame extinguishing structures 160. The sidewall of the receiving groove 124 in the opposite X direction is integral with the sidewall of the first cavity 1231 in the opposite X direction, which can enhance the stability of the sidewall of the receiving groove 124. The opening of the receiving groove 124 faces the base 110, and the receiving groove 124 can be used to accommodate the sleeve 117.

[0134] When the sealing cap 120 is closed on the base 110, the inner wall of the groove 102, the protrusion 123, and the sleeve 117 are arranged sequentially along the radial direction of the sleeve 117. One end of the sleeve 117 in the positive Z direction can be accommodated in the receiving groove 124, and the outer wall of the sleeve 117 located in the receiving groove 124 is sealed to the inner wall of the receiving groove 124. The receiving groove 124 can further limit and fix the sleeve 117, preventing the piston 140 from changing the position of the sleeve 117 due to the impact force of the piston 140 when it enters the sleeve 117, ensuring that the position of the sleeve 117 remains stable during the arc extinguishing process, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the circuit breaker 10. When the sealing cap 120 is closed on the base 110, the protrusion 123 can be completely located in the groove 102, and the outer wall of the protrusion 123 is sealed to the inner wall of the groove 102, preventing the leakage of high-temperature free gas in the base 110. The protrusion 123 also ensures that the sealing cap 120 does not deviate from its position when installed with the base 110. The sleeve 117 and the protrusion 123 are located in the groove 102. The outer wall of the sleeve 117 and the inner wall of the groove 102 are sealed together by the protrusion 123. The sealing connection between the outer wall of the sleeve 117 and the inner wall of the groove 102 by the protrusion 123 makes the flame extinguishing chamber 112 a sealed cavity, thereby preventing the leakage of high-temperature free gas in the base 110.

[0135] In one possible implementation, the sleeve 117 and the bottom of the groove 102 are integral structures. Referring to Figure 11, the sleeve 117 and the groove 102 are integral structures. It is understood that the sleeve 117 and the groove 102 can be formed on the body 115 by means of stamping or the like. The sleeve 117 is located in the groove 102, and the sleeve 117 and the groove 102 share a bottom wall, forming an integral structure with the bottom of the groove 102. The integral structure of the sleeve 117 and the bottom of the groove 102 can improve the stability between the groove 102 and the sleeve 117, prevent the position of the sleeve 117 and the arc-extinguishing cavity 111 relative to the groove 102 from changing, improve the stability of the arc-extinguishing performance, and thus improve the performance stability of the circuit breaker 10.

[0136] In one possible implementation, a flame extinguishing chamber 112 is provided inside the base 110, and a third channel 113 is provided on the base 110, the third channel 113 connecting the flame extinguishing chamber 112 and the external space of the base 110.

[0137] Referring to Figure 29, the base 110 may include a bottom wall and a side wall. A third channel 113 is provided on the base 110. The third channel 113 may be located on the side wall or the bottom wall of the base 110. The third channel 113 can connect the flame extinguishing chamber 112 with the external space of the base 110. The gas inside the base 110 can be discharged from the flame extinguishing chamber 112 through the third channel 113 to increase the exhaust speed of the circuit breaker and prevent the gas pressure inside the base 110 from being too high, which would prevent the electric arc and high-temperature ionized gas from entering the arc extinguishing chamber 111.

[0138] The third channel 113 can be matched one-to-one with the flame extinguishing chamber 112. The number of third channels 113 can be the same as the number of flame extinguishing chambers 112, and the gas in each flame extinguishing chamber 112 can be discharged to the external space of the base 110 through the third channel 113.

[0139] In one possible implementation, the third channel 113 has at least one filter screen 103 with a porous structure. Referring to Figures 29 and 30, for ease of understanding, Figure 30 only shows the structure of the third channel 113 and the filter screen 103 separately; the structure shown in Figure 30 is for illustrative purposes only. The porous structure on the filter screen 103 extends through the third channel 113. When air in the flame extinguishing chamber 112 is discharged through the third channel 113, the filter screen 103 can filter impurities in the air and divide the air into multiple small airflows, allowing the air to be evenly discharged into the external space of the switch 10. When the number of filters 103 in the third channel 113 is at least two, the porous structures on different filters 103 can be connected one-to-one or not.

[0140] In one possible implementation, referring to FIG29, the circuit breaker 10 has a third flame extinguishing structure 180, which is located within the third channel 113 and / or within the flame extinguishing chamber 112 and covers the port of the third channel 113 facing the flame extinguishing chamber 112. The third flame extinguishing structure 180 may be located within the third channel 113, or it may be located within the flame extinguishing chamber 112 and cover the port of the third channel 113 facing the flame extinguishing chamber 112. Alternatively, the third flame extinguishing structure 180 may be provided within both the third channel 113 and the flame extinguishing chamber 112, with the third flame extinguishing structure 180 within the flame extinguishing chamber 112 covering the port of the third channel 113 facing the flame extinguishing chamber 112.

[0141] The third flame extinguishing structure 180 may include at least one of a flame extinguishing mesh, copper foam, and multilayer grid sheets. The third flame extinguishing structure 180 can cool the high-temperature ionized gas passing through it and adsorb electrons and charged ions in the high-temperature ionized gas, preventing the high-temperature ionized gas from escaping into the external space of the base 110. The function of the third flame extinguishing structure 180 is the same as that of the second flame extinguishing structure 160, and will not be described again here.

[0142] In one embodiment, referring to FIG29, the third flame extinguishing structure 180 is located inside the flame extinguishing chamber 112 and covers the port of the third channel 113 facing the flame extinguishing chamber 112. The third flame extinguishing structure 180 is disposed at the opening of the third channel 113 connecting the flame extinguishing chamber 112. The high-temperature free gas discharged from the flame extinguishing chamber 112 to the external space of the base 110 will first pass through the third flame extinguishing structure 180, and after being cooled and adsorbed by the third flame extinguishing structure 180, it will be discharged to the external space of the base 110.

[0143] In one possible implementation, the number of arc-extinguishing chambers 111 is at least two, and the at least two arc-extinguishing chambers 111 are arranged at intervals. The arc-extinguishing chambers 111 are independently arranged. The number of arc-extinguishing chambers 111 can be two, three, four, etc. The number of first channels 121 is at least two and they are paired and connected to each arc-extinguishing chamber 111 in a one-to-one manner. The first channel 121 is located on one side of the arc-extinguishing chamber 111 in the positive Z direction. A one-to-one pairing and connection between the first channel 121 and the arc-extinguishing chamber 111 means that the number of first channels 121 is equal to the number of arc-extinguishing chambers 111, each first channel 121 is connected to each arc-extinguishing chamber 111 in a one-to-one manner, and each arc-extinguishing chamber 111 is connected to only one first channel 121. The number of arc-extinguishing chambers 111 can be two, three, four, etc. The number of pistons 140 is at least two and they are housed in the first channels 121 in a one-to-one manner. The one-to-one matching of pistons 140 within the first channels 121 means that the number of first channels 121 is equal to the number of pistons 140, and each first channel 121 can accommodate one piston 140. Pistons 140 can be partially or fully accommodated within the first channels 121. The number of pistons 140 can be two, three, four, etc. For example, Figure 11 shows two pistons and two first channels 121. The pistons 140 are matched one-to-one with the first channels 121, and the first channels 121 are matched one-to-one with the arc-extinguishing chambers 111. One piston 140 can enter one arc-extinguishing chamber 111 through one first channel 121, thereby achieving rapid arc extinguishing within the arc-extinguishing chamber 111. The number of pistons 140, first channels 121, and arc-extinguishing chambers 111 is at least two, and the number of pistons 140, first channels 121, and arc-extinguishing chambers 111 is equal. All arc-extinguishing chambers 111 can extinguish arcs, and each arc-extinguishing chamber 111 can extinguish arcs independently, thus improving arc-extinguishing efficiency. There are at least two flame-extinguishing chambers 112 and at least two sleeves 117 to match each arc-extinguishing chamber 111 on a one-to-one basis; the number of flame-extinguishing chambers 112 and sleeves 117 are equal. Each flame-extinguishing chamber 112 contains one sleeve 117, with the arc-extinguishing chamber 111 inside and the flame-extinguishing chamber 112 outside. Each flame-extinguishing chamber 112 contains one arc-extinguishing chamber 111, and the projection of the arc-extinguishing chamber 111 in the Z-direction lies within the projection of the flame-extinguishing chamber 112 in the Z-direction. The number of flame-extinguishing chambers 112 and sleeves 117 can be two each, three each, four each, and so on. Each sleeve 117 is provided with a through hole 114, which is used to transfer the air in the arc extinguishing chamber 111 to the flame extinguishing chamber 112. The air is cooled and neutralized in the flame extinguishing chamber 112 to improve the safety of the circuit breaker 10 and prevent safety accidents.

[0144] In one possible implementation, the spacing of the annular air passages 101 is less than or equal to 1 mm. The spacing of the annular air passages 101 can be 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, or 1 mm. The spacing of the annular air passages 101 refers to the distance between the side wall of the arc-extinguishing chamber 111 and the outer wall of the piston 140 after the piston 140 interrupts the flow-through copper busbar 130 and enters the arc-extinguishing chamber 111. The ability of the electric arc to enter the annular air passages 101, by designing the spacing of the annular air passages 101 to be less than or equal to 1 mm, ensures that the electric arc in the arc-extinguishing chamber 111 is extinguished quickly, reduces heat accumulation in the arc-extinguishing chamber 111, reduces the possibility of arc reignition, and improves the reliability of arc extinguishing.

[0145] In one possible implementation, referring to Figures 16, 23, and 26, the sleeve 117 is further provided with a receiving groove 1173 on one side in the positive Z direction. When the piston 140 breaks the current-carrying copper busbar 130, the side wall of the piston 140 will compress the current-carrying copper busbar 130, causing it to bend and break. The bent current-carrying copper busbar 130 can be accommodated in the receiving groove 1173, thereby preventing the bent current-carrying copper busbar 130 from obstructing the movement of the piston 140 and facilitating the piston 140 to break the current-carrying copper busbar 130 more quickly. It is understood that when the sleeve 117 is a sleeve 117, a receiving groove 1173 can also be provided at one end of the sleeve 117 in the positive Z direction, which can be used to accommodate the bent current-carrying copper busbar.

[0146] This application also provides a power distribution device, including a connector and a circuit breaker 10 as described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the connector is used to electrically connect to a power source and is electrically connected between the circuit breaker 10 and the power source.

[0147] This application embodiment also provides a power distribution device for realizing circuit deployment and distribution. It can be applied in the power distribution system of high-power 5G (fifth-generation mobile communication technology, abbreviated as 5G) base stations, and can also be applied in the power distribution system of household circuits. This embodiment does not limit the field of application of the power distribution device and can be applied to line connections in any field.

[0148] The power distribution equipment may include connectors and circuit breakers 10. The connectors serve as intermediate transitional connections and are electrically connected to the circuit breakers 10. The connectors are also electrically connected to a power source. The circuit breakers 10 are electrically connected between the connectors and the power source. Connection holes may be provided on the current-carrying copper busbar 130 of the circuit breakers 10 for connection to the connectors. The connectors enable each circuit breaker 10 to be connected to a power source. This power source may be AC ​​mains power, a generator, a battery, etc.

[0149] This application also provides a vehicle 30, as shown in FIG31, including a power supply 300 and the power distribution equipment described in the above embodiments, with a circuit breaker 10 electrically connected between the connector 200 and the power supply 300. The vehicle 30 provided in this application includes, but is not limited to, electric vehicles, motorcycles, or buses. Taking an electric vehicle as an example, the electric vehicle includes a power supply 300 and a connector 200, and the power supply 300 may be a battery pack within the electric vehicle. The circuit breaker 10 is electrically connected between the connector 200 and the power supply 300; when a fault occurs in the electrical system within the electric vehicle, the circuit breaker 10 disconnects to cut off the current.

[0150] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A circuit breaker, characterized in that, include: The base has an arc-extinguishing cavity; A sealing cover is disposed at the opening of the arc-extinguishing chamber, and the sealing cover has a first channel penetrating through the sealing cover; A flow-through copper busbar is arranged parallel to the sealing cover and passes through the sealing cover in a direction perpendicular to the thickness of the sealing cover. The flow-through copper busbar includes a thinned portion, the thickness of which is less than the thickness of other parts of the flow-through copper busbar. A piston is at least partially housed in the first channel, and the projection of the piston along the thickness direction of the sealing cover at least partially coincides with the thinned portion. The sidewall of the arc-extinguishing chamber surrounds the piston and forms an annular air passage between the piston and the piston. The annular air passage surrounds the piston circumferentially around the periphery of the piston. A first flame extinguishing structure, comprising an internal channel for connecting the annular air passage and the external space of the first flame extinguishing structure, wherein the first flame extinguishing structure is located within the arc extinguishing cavity.

2. The circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sidewall of the first flame extinguishing structure is fitted to the sidewall of the arc extinguishing cavity. Along the thickness direction of the sealing cover, the piston includes an inclined end face. The inclined end face is used to fit with the end face of the first flame extinguishing structure facing the piston and is located between the end face of the first flame extinguishing structure facing the piston and the sidewall of the arc extinguishing cavity.

3. The circuit breaker according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The base has a groove, and the bottom wall of the groove has a sleeve. The sleeve extends from the bottom wall of the groove toward the opening of the groove. The sleeve encloses and forms the arc extinguishing cavity. The inner wall of the sleeve and the piston form the annular air passage. The inner wall surface of the groove and the outer wall surface of the sleeve enclose and form the flame extinguishing cavity. The flame extinguishing cavity is annular and surrounds the periphery of the arc extinguishing cavity.

4. The circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sleeve has a through hole connecting the arc extinguishing chamber and the flame extinguishing chamber. The through hole penetrates the side wall of the sleeve, and the first flame extinguishing structure is located inside the sleeve and covers the through hole.

5. The circuit breaker according to claim 4, characterized in that, The interrupter includes a second flame extinguishing structure located within the flame extinguishing chamber. The second flame extinguishing structure has an internal channel, and along the through-hole direction, the projection of at least one of the second flame extinguishing structures and the projection of the through-hole at least partially overlap.

6. The circuit breaker according to claim 5, characterized in that, At least one second flame extinguishing structure is provided on each of the opposite sides along the through-hole direction perpendicular to the through-hole.

7. The circuit breaker according to any one of claims 3-6, characterized in that, The distance between the sidewall of the first flame extinguishing structure and the center line of the sleeve is less than the distance between a portion of the inner wall of the sleeve and the center line of the sleeve, but greater than the distance between another portion of the inner wall of the sleeve and the center line of the sleeve. Along the radial direction of the sleeve, the projection of a portion of the inner wall of the sleeve covers the sidewall of the first flame extinguishing structure.

8. The circuit breaker according to any one of claims 3-7, characterized in that, The piston has at least two protrusions at one end facing the first flame extinguishing structure, and a groove is provided between the at least two protrusions. The outer peripheral surface of the protrusions is used to fit against the inner wall surface of the sleeve.

9. The circuit breaker according to any one of claims 3-8, characterized in that, The sealing cap has a raised edge facing one side of the base, the raised edge forming a receiving groove, one end of the sleeve is accommodated in the receiving groove, and the inner wall of the groove, the raised edge and the sleeve are arranged in sequence along the radial direction of the sleeve.

10. The circuit breaker according to any one of claims 3-9, characterized in that, The base has a third channel that connects the flame extinguishing chamber and the external space of the base.

11. The circuit breaker according to claim 10, characterized in that, The third channel has at least one layer of filter screen with a porous structure.

12. The circuit breaker according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, The circuit breaker has a third flame extinguishing structure located within the third channel; and / or the third flame extinguishing structure is located within the flame extinguishing chamber and covers the port of the third channel facing the flame extinguishing chamber.

13. The circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, The number of arc-extinguishing chambers is at least two, and the at least two arc-extinguishing chambers are arranged at intervals. The number of first channels is at least two and they are matched and connected to the arc-extinguishing chambers one-to-one. The number of pistons is at least two and they are matched and housed in the first channels one-to-one.

14. A power distribution device, characterized in that, The device includes a connector and a circuit breaker as described in any one of claims 1-13, wherein the connector is used for electrically connecting to a power source, and the circuit breaker is electrically connected between the connector and the power source.

15. A vehicle, characterized in that, It includes a power supply and the power distribution equipment as described in claim 14, wherein the power supply is electrically connected to the power distribution equipment, and the circuit breaker is electrically connected between the connector and the power supply.

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