Energy flow distribution method and device of fuel cell combined cooling heating and power system

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy flow distribution method and device for a fuel cell combined cooling heating and power system. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring power side data, cold and hot side data and global data of the fuel cell combined cooling heating and power system; respectively predicting a power supply and demand difference corresponding to the power side data, a minute-level load change corresponding to the cold and hot side data and a next-day load curve corresponding to the global data through a multi-time scale distributed prediction algorithm; adjusting the battery operation power of the fuel battery combined cooling heating and power system in real time according to the power supply-demand difference; adjusting the running state of a cooling and heating device of the fuel cell cooling, heating and power combined supply system according to the minute-level load change and the cell running power; a multi-target optimization model is constructed according to the next-day load curve, and the running state of a hydrogen production device of the fuel cell combined cooling heating and power system is adjusted in combination with the multi-target optimization model; the overall energy utilization rate of the fuel cell combined cooling heating and power supply system is improved through overall cooperation, and the real-time performance of power adjustment is guaranteed.

Description

Energy flow distribution method and device for fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building distributed energy and hydrogen energy utilization technology, specifically to an energy flow distribution method and apparatus for a fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous growth of global building energy consumption, the building sector has become one of the major sources of global energy consumption. Among these, heating, air conditioning, and hot water demand are the main sources of energy consumption. Currently, most building energy supply systems rely on external energy sources, but this dependence leads to low energy efficiency and poor system adjustability. Especially under extreme weather conditions, building energy demand fluctuates greatly, resulting in energy waste and unstable operation.

[0003] Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have become an important technology in building combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems due to their high efficiency and low emissions. However, existing PEMFC systems for buildings generally suffer from problems such as inaccurate energy management, poor coupling of cooling, heating, and electrical load fluctuations, and low system energy efficiency. In particular, when the load changes dynamically, it is difficult to achieve efficient and coordinated distribution of the three energy forms of cooling, heating, and electricity, resulting in a decrease in the overall energy efficiency of the system and making it difficult to adjust the energy distribution strategy in real time to adapt to actual needs.

[0004] Therefore, existing technologies have the problem of difficulty in achieving efficient coordinated allocation and dynamic adjustment of cooling, heating and electrical loads. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method and apparatus for energy flow distribution in a fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system, aiming to achieve efficient coordinated distribution and dynamic adjustment of cooling, heating and power loads.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solution: a method for energy flow allocation in a fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system, comprising: acquiring electricity-side data, heating-side data, and global data of the fuel cell CCHP system; predicting, respectively, the power supply-demand difference corresponding to the electricity-side data, the minute-level load change corresponding to the heating-side data, and the next-day load curve corresponding to the global data using a multi-timescale distributed prediction algorithm; adjusting the battery operating power of the fuel cell CCHP system in real time based on the power supply-demand difference; adjusting the operating status of the heating and cooling devices of the fuel cell CCHP system based on the minute-level load change and the battery operating power; constructing a multi-objective optimization model based on the next-day load curve, and adjusting the operating status of the hydrogen production device of the fuel cell CCHP system in conjunction with the multi-objective optimization model.

[0007] Optionally, the electricity-side data includes wind and solar power generation, fuel cell operating power, power battery operating power, and load power; the heating and cooling-side data includes heat pump power, chiller power, and heat exchanger power; the global data includes next-day weather data, the current-day operating data of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system, and historical data; the step of predicting the power supply and demand difference corresponding to the electricity-side data, the minute-level load changes corresponding to the heating and cooling-side data, and the next-day load curve corresponding to the global data using a multi-timescale distributed prediction algorithm includes: calculating the real-time power supply and demand difference for the wind and solar power generation, the fuel cell operating power, the power battery operating power, and the load power to obtain the power supply and demand difference of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system; performing minute-level heating and cooling load demand fluctuation analysis on the heat pump power, chiller power, and heat exchanger power to obtain the minute-level load changes of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system; comparing the next-day weather data and the historical data to predict and determine the initial next-day load curve of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system; and correcting the initial next-day load curve based on the current-day operating data to obtain the next-day load curve.

[0008] Optionally, the battery includes a fuel cell and a power battery; the step of adjusting the battery operating power of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system in real time according to the power supply and demand difference includes: when the power supply and demand difference is less than zero, increasing the power generation power of the fuel cell and discharging the power battery to supplement the power gap; when the power supply and demand difference is greater than zero, decreasing the power generation power of the fuel cell and controlling the power battery to charge to store excess energy; and when the power supply and demand difference is equal to zero, maintaining the current battery operating power unchanged.

[0009] Optionally, the step of adjusting the battery operating power of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system in real time according to the power supply and demand difference further includes: acquiring the first battery temperature and hydrogen concentration of the fuel cell, as well as the state of charge, voltage, and second battery temperature of the power battery; when the first battery temperature exceeds a first preset temperature range, reducing the power generation of the fuel cell and cooling the fuel cell using a liquid circulation pump; when the first battery temperature is below the first preset temperature range, increasing the power generation of the fuel cell and heating the fuel cell using a liquid circulation pump; when the hydrogen concentration is below a preset hydrogen concentration threshold... When the value is reached, electrolysis of water is stopped and an alarm signal is issued; when the state of charge is lower than a preset state of charge range threshold, the discharge power of the power battery is limited; when the state of charge is higher than the upper limit of the preset state of charge range, the charging power of the power battery is limited; when the rate of voltage rise exceeds a preset voltage change threshold, the charging power is reduced; when the rate of voltage fall exceeds a preset voltage change threshold, the discharge power is reduced; when the temperature of the second battery exceeds the range of the second preset temperature range, the charging and discharging power of the power battery is reduced; when the temperature of the second battery is lower than the range of the second preset temperature range, the charging power of the power battery is limited.

[0010] Optionally, the heating and cooling device includes a heat pump, a chiller, a first heat exchanger, and a second heat exchanger; the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system includes an air handling unit and a hot water storage tank; adjusting the operating status of the heating and cooling device of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system according to the minute-level load changes and the battery operating power includes: based on the minute-level load changes, when the cooling load demand increases, first determining whether the waste heat generated by the increased operating power of the fuel cell and the power battery can meet the increased cooling load demand; if not, increasing the operating power of the chiller; wherein, when the operating power of the chiller reaches its upper limit and still cannot meet the demand, starting the heat pump for auxiliary cooling; when the cooling load demand decreases... When the heat load demand is low, reduce the operating power of the refrigeration unit and / or the operating power of the heat pump; when the heat load demand increases, increase the circulation flow rate of the first heat exchanger; if the heat is insufficient, increase the operating power of the heat pump, wherein when the return water temperature of the air handling unit is greater than the upper limit threshold of the return water temperature, reduce the operating power of the heat pump, and / or adjust the flow rate ratio of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger; when the heat load demand decreases, reduce the circulation flow rate of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, and store the excess heat in the hot water storage tank; when the hot water load is insufficient, first increase the operating power of the second heat exchanger; if it is still insufficient, then electrically heat the hot water storage tank.

[0011] Optionally, adjusting the operating status of the cooling and heating devices of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system according to the minute-level load changes and the battery operating power further includes: when there is a continuous and stable cooling load demand, the waste heat of the fuel cell is used to drive the chiller for cooling, and the condensation heat of the heat pump is recovered to the hot water storage tank; when there is a continuous and stable heat load demand, the chiller is first shut down, and then heating is provided through the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, and when the return water temperature of the air handling unit is greater than the upper limit threshold of the return water temperature, the operating power of the heat pump is reduced.

[0012] Optionally, the hydrogen production unit includes an electrolyzer and a hydrogen storage tank; the step of constructing a multi-objective optimization model based on the next day's load curve, and adjusting the operating status of the hydrogen production unit of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system in conjunction with the multi-objective optimization model, includes: setting multi-dimensional optimization objectives based on the next day's load curve; setting constraints based on the equipment characteristics and load requirements of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system; determining the multi-objective optimization model based on the multi-dimensional optimization objectives and constraints; and solving the multi-objective optimization model using a multi-timescale distributed prediction algorithm to obtain the hydrogen charging and discharging strategy of the hydrogen storage tank and the operating power curve of the electrolyzer.

[0013] A power flow distribution device for a fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system includes: a data acquisition module for acquiring electricity-side data, heating-side data, and global data of the CHP system; a prediction module for predicting, using a multi-timescale distributed prediction algorithm, the power supply-demand difference corresponding to the electricity-side data, the minute-level load changes corresponding to the heating-side data, and the next-day load curve corresponding to the global data; a real-time power adjustment module for adjusting the battery operating power of the CHP system in real time according to the power supply-demand difference; a heating-side adjustment module for adjusting the operating status of the heating and cooling devices of the CHP system according to the minute-level load changes and the battery operating power; and a global adjustment module for constructing a multi-objective optimization model based on the next-day load curve and adjusting the operating status of the hydrogen production device of the CHP system in conjunction with the multi-objective optimization model.

[0014] An electronic device includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the following steps: acquiring electricity-side data, heating-side data, and global data of a fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system; predicting, respectively, the power supply-demand difference corresponding to the electricity-side data, the minute-level load change corresponding to the heating-side data, and the next-day load curve corresponding to the global data using a multi-timescale distributed prediction algorithm; adjusting the battery operating power of the CCHP system in real time based on the power supply-demand difference; adjusting the operating status of the heating and cooling units of the CCHP system based on the minute-level load change and the battery operating power; and constructing a multi-objective optimization model based on the next-day load curve, and adjusting the operating status of the hydrogen production unit of the CCHP system in conjunction with the multi-objective optimization model.

[0015] A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program being loaded by a processor to perform the steps in the energy flow distribution method of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system described above.

[0016] In this embodiment, distributed forecasting across multiple time scales covers real-time, short-term, and long-term load characteristics, providing precise input for adjustments at each stage. Real-time adjustment of battery operating power achieves dynamic supply-demand balance on the power side, ensuring stable power output. Combining minute-level changes in heating and cooling loads with battery operating power adjustments to the state of heating and cooling devices matches short-term fluctuations in demand, fully utilizing battery waste heat to improve energy efficiency on both sides. Adjusting the hydrogen production unit's state using the next day's load curve and a multi-objective optimization model proactively addresses long-term load demands, balancing multiple objectives and optimizing the stability and reliability of the hydrogen production process. In summary, this holistic approach improves the overall energy utilization rate of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system, optimizes the supply-demand matching of electricity, cooling, and heating complementarity, ensures real-time power adjustments, and effectively adapts to the dynamic stability and reliability of system operation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this embodiment, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiment will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the energy flow distribution method for a fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system provided by the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of the fuel cell CCHP system provided by the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment of the fuel cell CCHP system provided by the present invention; Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of summer grid-connected load matching control for the fuel cell CCHP system provided by the present invention; Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of summer off-grid load matching control for the fuel cell CCHP system provided by the present invention; Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of winter grid-connected load matching control for the fuel cell CCHP system provided by the present invention; Figure 7 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of winter off-grid load matching control for the fuel cell CCHP system provided by the present invention; Figure 8 is a structural schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of the energy flow distribution device for the fuel cell CCHP system provided by the present invention; Figure 9 is a structural schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of the electronic device provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions in this embodiment will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] In the following description, specific embodiments of the invention will be illustrated with reference to steps and symbols performed by one or more computers, unless otherwise stated. Therefore, these steps and operations will be referred to several times as being performed by a computer, and computer execution as referred to herein includes operations by a computer processing unit representing electronic signals of data in a structured format. This operation transforms the data or maintains it at a location in the computer's memory system, which can be reconfigured or otherwise alter the operation of the computer in a manner well known to those skilled in the art. The data structure maintained by the data is the physical location of the memory, which has specific characteristics defined by the data format. However, the principles of the invention described above are not intended to be limiting, and those skilled in the art will understand that many of the steps and operations described below can also be implemented in hardware.

[0021] The terms "module" or "unit" as used herein can be considered as software objects executing on the computing system. The different components, modules, engines, and services described herein can be considered as implementation objects on the computing system. The apparatus and methods described herein are preferably implemented in software, but can also be implemented in hardware, both of which are within the scope of this invention.

[0022] This invention provides a method and apparatus for energy flow distribution in a fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system.

[0023] Please refer to Figure 1. Figure 1 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the energy flow allocation method for a fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system provided by the present invention, including: S101: acquiring the power-side data, cooling-side data, and global data of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system; in a specific embodiment, the power-side data is real-time data used to characterize the power supply and demand status of the system and the operating parameters of related equipment, and is the core basis for power balance and power scheduling. The specific data included is related to the power-side equipment that needs to be managed and the management objectives, and is not limited here.

[0024] Cold and heat side data are dynamic data used to describe the production, transmission and load demand of cold and heat energy, supporting the coordinated operation and load matching of cold and heat systems. The specific data included is related to the cold and heat equipment that needs to be controlled and the management objectives, and is not limited here.

[0025] Global data refers to macroscopic and historical data that influence the long-term operation strategy of the system. It is used for building multi-objective optimization models and making global scheduling decisions. The specific data included is related to the management objectives and is not limited here.

[0026] S102: A multi-timescale distributed forecasting algorithm is used to predict the power supply-demand difference corresponding to the electricity side data, the minute-level load changes corresponding to the cooling / heating side data, and the next-day load curve corresponding to the global data. In a specific embodiment, the multi-timescale distributed forecasting algorithm is an optimization algorithm that addresses the differences in energy flow and load dynamic characteristics in a building's combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system by dividing the data into different time scales (second-level for electricity, minute-level for cooling / heating) for hierarchical forecasting and coordinated control. The core of the multi-timescale distributed forecasting algorithm is based on distributed data acquisition and a multi-objective optimization model. It achieves energy flow allocation and power coordination at different time scales of different energy systems such as electricity, cooling, and heating to solve the coupling problem of cooling, heating, and electricity load fluctuations, and ultimately achieves the system's globally optimal operation and dynamic balance.

[0027] The power supply-demand gap refers to the difference between the real-time power supply and the power load demand in a building's power system, and is a core indicator for measuring the power balance. When the power supply exceeds the demand, it is a positive gap (power surplus), which can be stored in power batteries or used for hydrogen production; when the power supply is less than the demand, it is a negative gap (power shortage), which needs to be supplemented by adjusting the power generation of fuel cells or discharging power batteries.

[0028] Minute-level load variation refers to the fluctuations in building cooling and heating loads over a time scale measured in minutes, reflecting the dynamic characteristics of cooling and heating demand. Because building cooling and heating loads have significant inertia (e.g., slow changes in indoor temperature), the system adjusts chiller output, heat pump power, and heat exchanger flow rate on a minute-level time scale to achieve a balance between cooling and heating supply and demand, avoiding frequent equipment start-ups and shutdowns.

[0029] The next day load curve is a predicted curve based on historical load data and prediction algorithms, showing the trend of building power load, cooling load, heating load and hot water load over time within 24 hours of the next day.

[0030] S103: Adjust the battery operating power of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system in real time according to the power supply and demand difference; in a specific embodiment, the battery operating power refers to the actual operating power of the battery in the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system. By adjusting the battery operating power, the operating state of the corresponding battery can be adjusted accordingly, thereby achieving a dynamic balance between power supply and demand.

[0031] S104: Adjust the operating status of the cooling and heating devices in the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system according to minute-level load changes and battery operating power; in a specific embodiment, the operating status of the cooling and heating devices refers to the real-time working mode and output level of the cooling and heating supply equipment in the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system. By adjusting the operating status of the cooling and heating devices, the operating parameters of the corresponding cooling and heating devices can be adjusted accordingly, thereby achieving a dynamic balance between cooling and heating supply and demand.

[0032] S105: Construct a multi-objective optimization model based on the load curve of the next day, and adjust the operating status of the hydrogen production unit of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system in combination with the multi-objective optimization model.

[0033] It should be noted that the operating status of the hydrogen production unit refers to the process parameters of the water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment in the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system, which converts renewable energy electricity into hydrogen energy. By adjusting the operating status of the hydrogen production unit, its operating parameters can be adjusted accordingly, thereby effectively coping with long-term load demands, avoiding frequent start-ups and shutdowns of the hydrogen production unit, extending equipment lifespan, and improving the overall energy efficiency of the system. Through a multi-objective optimization model that comprehensively considers economics, environmental protection, and energy supply reliability, the hydrogen production power and output are dynamically planned to achieve efficient consumption of renewable energy and time-shifted utilization of hydrogen energy.

[0034] In this embodiment, distributed forecasting across multiple time scales covers real-time, short-term, and long-term load characteristics, providing precise input for adjustments at each stage. Real-time adjustment of battery operating power achieves dynamic supply-demand balance on the power side, ensuring stable power output. Combining minute-level changes in heating and cooling loads with battery operating power adjustments to the state of heating and cooling devices matches short-term fluctuations in demand, fully utilizing battery waste heat to improve energy efficiency on both sides. Adjusting the hydrogen production unit's state using the next day's load curve and a multi-objective optimization model proactively addresses long-term load demands, balancing multiple objectives and optimizing the stability and reliability of the hydrogen production process. In summary, this holistic approach improves the overall energy utilization rate of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system, optimizes the supply-demand matching of electricity, cooling, and heating complementarity, ensures real-time power adjustments, and effectively adapts to the dynamic stability and reliability of system operation.

[0035] Further, please refer to Figure 2. An embodiment of this application provides a fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system, which mainly includes a hydrogen production device 1, a fuel cell 2 and a dual-channel cooling and heating supply unit; wherein, the dual-channel cooling and heating supply unit includes a chiller 3, an air handling unit 4, a hot water storage tank 5 and a heat pump 6.

[0036] The hydrogen production device 1 mainly produces hydrogen and oxygen, and delivers the hydrogen to the fuel cell 2, enabling the fuel cell 2 to generate electricity through a reaction.

[0037] The fuel cell 2 has a cooling water channel inside, and the inlet and outlet of the cooling water channel are connected to a cooling and heat dissipation circuit to cool and absorb the heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell 2. The fuel cell 2 also serves as a power source, connecting to the user's power grid and transmitting power to the user's power grid to supply the power demand of user A. In this embodiment, the user can be a building, and the user's power grid can be an internal or external power grid of the building.

[0038] The cooling and heat dissipation circuit connected to fuel cell 2 exchanges heat with the refrigerator 3, providing the heat required for the operation of the refrigerator 3. The refrigerator 3 then converts the absorbed heat into cooling capacity, which is then delivered to the air handling unit 4 for cooling. The refrigerator 3 is a prior art device; in this embodiment, a lithium bromide absorption chiller is specifically used, with a cooling capacity of 13.5 kW, a coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.45, a required hot water inlet / outlet temperature range of 70 / 60℃, and a minimum start-up temperature of 65℃. This lithium bromide absorption chiller mainly consists of a generator, condenser, evaporator, absorber, heat exchanger, and circulating pump. The generator (i.e., the first heat absorption end of the refrigerator 3) has a first heat absorption channel. A heat circulation loop is connected between the inlet and outlet of this first channel. This heat circulation loop exchanges heat with the cooling and heat dissipation circuit connected to fuel cell 2 via the first heat exchanger 9. The evaporator (which is the refrigeration end of the chiller 3) is equipped with a second flow channel. A cold circulation loop is connected between the inlet and outlet of this second flow channel. The coolant loops of the absorber and condenser are connected in series to the cooling tower to form a heat-driven loop. The air handling unit 4 is equipped with a circulating water flow channel for heat exchange with the air. The inlet and outlet of this circulating water flow channel are connected in series to the cold circulation loop.

[0039] A branch is connected in parallel on the cooling and heat dissipation circuit, and the inlet and outlet of the circulating water channel are connected in series on the branch.

[0040] Air handling unit 4 is mainly used for circulating water flow channels for heat exchange with air. During use, indoor air enters its interior and exchanges heat with the circulating water flowing through it, thus cooling or heating the indoor air. A cold circulation loop is connected to this circulating water flow channel; branch lines are also connected to this circulating water flow channel. Air handling unit 4 is a prior art device, containing an internal air duct. A fan, filter, and heat exchange components are installed between the upstream and downstream ends of the air duct. The heat exchange components exchange heat with the air entering through the air duct, and the aforementioned circulating water flow channel is located inside the heat exchange components.

[0041] The hot water storage tank 5 is equipped with a first circulation port, a second circulation port, and a hot water outlet. Two independent heat absorption circuits are connected between the first and second circulation ports. The cooling and heat dissipation circuit exchanges heat with one of the heat absorption circuits through a second heat exchanger 10, thereby heating the water in the hot water storage tank 5. The hot water from the storage tank 5 is then supplied to the user's water network through the hot water outlet. Furthermore, the hot water storage tank 5 is equipped with a self-heating unit to quickly heat water to meet supply demand when the hot water supply is insufficient. More specifically, the hot water storage tank 5 has a capacity of 100 L, excellent heat preservation performance (temperature drop of 2–4℃ in 24 hours), a rated pressure of 5 kg / cm², a maximum working pressure of 7 kg / cm², a design temperature of 70℃, and the heating unit uses a conventional electric heating device (such as an electric heating element) to achieve hot water temperature compensation.

[0042] The heat pump 6 includes a heating / cooling end and a heat dissipation end. The heat dissipation end has an internal heat dissipation channel, the inlet and outlet of which are connected in series to another heat absorption circuit. The heating / cooling end of the heat pump 6 also has an internal heating / cooling channel, the inlet and outlet of which are connected to a heating / cooling circuit. The inlet and outlet of a circulating water channel are connected in series to this heating / cooling circuit. The heat pump 6 delivers heat or cooling energy to the air handling unit 4 through the heating / cooling end and the heating / cooling circuit, thereby heating or cooling the air passing through the air handling unit 4.

[0043] During the cooling season, the heat pump 6, together with the excess waste heat generated by the fuel cell 2, is stored in the hot water storage tank 5 to meet the user's hot water needs. If the hot water demand is insufficient, the heating unit built into the hot water storage tank 5 will heat the water to meet the user's hot water needs. The heat / cold energy provided by the dual-channel hot and cold supply unit meets the user's hot / cold needs through the air handling unit 4.

[0044] It should be noted that the first heat exchanger 9 and the second heat exchanger 10 are equipped with valves that regulate the flow rate and velocity of the cooling and heat dissipation circuit through their internal shut-off channels.

[0045] In some examples, heat pump 6 is a heat recovery type air-cooled chiller / heat pump with a heating capacity of 27 kW and a cooling capacity of 25 kW. The cooling EER is 2.74, and the heating COP is 3.0. When heat pump 6 is running, it can recover the condensation heat under cooling conditions to the hot water storage tank 5 for domestic hot water supply.

[0046] In some examples, the first heat exchanger 9 is provided with a first medium channel and a second medium channel that exchange heat with each other. The inlet and outlet of the first medium channel are connected in series in a cooling and heat dissipation circuit, and the inlet and outlet of the second medium channel are connected in series in a heat circulation circuit.

[0047] In some examples, the second heat exchanger 10 is provided with a third medium channel and a fourth medium channel that exchange heat with each other. The inlet and outlet of the third medium channel are connected in series in a cooling and heat dissipation circuit, and the inlet and outlet of the fourth medium channel are connected in series in one of the heat absorption circuits.

[0048] In some examples, a first buffer water tank 21 and a first liquid circulation pump 22 are connected in series in the cooling and heat dissipation circuit. Specifically, the first buffer water tank 21 and the first liquid circulation pump 22 are connected in series downstream of the cooling and heat dissipation circuit. The first buffer water tank 21 stores the cooled water after heat exchange to meet the water demand for supplying cooling water to the fuel cell 2. The fuel cell 2 operates under variable power conditions, and the first liquid circulation pump 22 regulates the flow rate of cooling water entering the fuel cell 2 to ensure stable battery temperature. The first buffer water tank 21 is equipped with a liquid level sensor, a temperature sensor, and a tap water inlet to detect the water level and temperature and automatically replenish water when the liquid level is lower than a set threshold to ensure stable operation of the system's thermal circulation.

[0049] In some examples, control valves 23 are installed upstream and downstream of the branch circuit, respectively. These control valves 23 enable the switching between heating and cooling modes by opening and closing the hot and cold circulation loops of the refrigeration unit under seasonal changes. Specifically, the two control valves 23 open when the system switches from cooling mode to heating mode, thereby switching the heat / cold energy flow.

[0050] In some examples, a second buffer water tank 31 and a second liquid circulation pump 32 are connected in series in the thermal circulation loop. At least two second buffer water tanks 31 are provided, distributed upstream and downstream of the thermal circulation loop. The second liquid circulation pump 32 is located downstream of the thermal circulation loop. The two second buffer water tanks 31 can smooth out heat fluctuations and achieve stable operation of the cooling end. The fluid circulation temperature within the cooling end is regulated by the second liquid circulation pump 32 through flow control. The second buffer water tank 31 is equipped with a level sensor, a temperature sensor, and a tap water inlet to detect water level and temperature and automatically replenish water when the level falls below a set threshold, ensuring stable thermal circulation operation of the system.

[0051] In this embodiment, fuel cell 2 adopts a compatible proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, which is equipped with an air supply fan, a hydrogen flow control valve, and a coolant temperature sensor. Hydrogen and oxygen produced by hydrogen production device 1 enter fuel cell 2 and undergo a chemical reaction to provide electrical energy. The generated electrical energy is then connected to the user's power grid via DC / AC inverter a on the transmission line to meet the user's energy needs.

[0052] In some examples, the hydrogen production device 1 includes a water electrolysis hydrogen production unit 11 and a hydrogen storage tank 12. The water electrolysis hydrogen production unit 11 is a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, which operates after being connected to a power source. The anode and cathode of the water electrolysis hydrogen production unit 11 are respectively equipped with a gas-liquid separator and a gas drying and purification device to obtain high-purity hydrogen with a purity greater than 99.999%. The hydrogen produced by electrolysis enters the hydrogen storage tank 12 through pipelines. The hydrogen storage tank 12 is a high-pressure composite material hydrogen storage tank with a rated pressure of 35MPa to 70MPa. It is equipped with a hydrogen temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a pressure relief valve, and an electromagnetic safety valve for real-time monitoring of the hydrogen storage status and automatic pressure relief under abnormal operating conditions.

[0053] In some examples, referring to Figure 3, the power supply for the water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment 11 is provided by a renewable power system, which can also be directly connected to the user's power grid for energy supply.

[0054] In some examples, the renewable power system includes a solar power system 71 and a wind power system 72. After being connected to the grid, the solar power system 71 and the wind power system 72 supply power to the user's power grid and the hydrogen production unit 1, respectively. Specifically, the solar power system 71 uses a conventional photovoltaic array, and the wind power system 72 uses a wind turbine array. The electricity generated by both is converted into constant voltage and constant current DC power by an AC / DC rectifier b and a DC / DC regulator c, providing a stable power supply for the water electrolysis hydrogen production unit 11. The renewable power system also includes a power battery pack 73. The electricity generated by the solar power system 71 and the wind power system 72 is partially supplied to the water electrolysis hydrogen production unit 11 and partially stored in the power battery pack 73. At the same time, the electricity generated by the fuel cell 2 is partially supplied to the user's power grid and partially stored in the power battery pack 73. The power battery pack 73 then supplies power to the user's power grid and other electrical equipment in the entire fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system.

[0055] It should be further explained that the power battery pack 73 is equipped with voltage, temperature, and state of charge (SOC) detection modules to collect real-time operating parameters of the power battery and upload the data to the energy management module. This enables coordinated control of the output power of the fuel cell 2 and the charging and discharging process of the power battery pack 73, ensuring dynamic energy balance of the system under different load conditions. Furthermore, the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell 2 is connected in parallel with the power battery pack 73 via a DC / DC regulator c, enabling dynamic power sharing and bidirectional energy flow between the fuel cell 2 and the power battery pack 73.

[0056] In this embodiment, the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system is equipped with a control system. This control system is connected to the electrical components of the entire fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system to achieve automated and intelligent control. This control system belongs to the existing conventional intelligent control system and mainly includes a data acquisition module, a predictive control module, and an execution control module. The data acquisition module acquires the output of the solar power system 71 and the wind power system 72, the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank 12, the temperature of the fuel cell 2, the current of the electrolyzer, and the building's cooling and heating load data in real time. The predictive control module is based on a multi-timescale distributed prediction algorithm to achieve energy flow distribution and power coordination at the second-level timescale on the electric side and the minute-level timescale on the heating and cooling sides. The execution control module outputs control signals to the liquid circulation pump, control valve 23 (electrically controlled valve), electrolyzer, and inverter to achieve multi-energy complementarity and dynamic optimization of building cooling, heating, and electricity. Overall, it has the characteristics of high efficiency, low carbon, and intelligent regulation and can be widely used in integrated energy systems for residential and public buildings.

[0057] In one specific embodiment, in S102, the electricity-side data includes wind and solar power generation, fuel cell operating power, power battery operating power, and load power; the heating and cooling-side data includes heat pump power, chiller power, and heat exchanger power; the global data includes next day's weather data, current day's operating data of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system, and historical data; a multi-timescale distributed prediction algorithm is used to predict the power supply and demand difference corresponding to the electricity-side data, the minute-level load changes corresponding to the heating and cooling-side data, and the next day's load curve corresponding to the global data, including: calculating the real-time power supply and demand difference for wind and solar power generation, fuel cell operating power, power battery operating power, and load power to obtain the power supply and demand difference of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system; performing minute-level heating and cooling load demand fluctuation analysis on heat pump power, chiller power, and heat exchanger power to obtain the minute-level load changes of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system; comparing the next day's weather data and historical data to predict and determine the initial next day's load curve of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system; and correcting the initial next day's load curve based on the current day's operating data to obtain the next day's load curve.

[0058] It should be noted that wind and solar power generation refers to the total electrical power output of the photovoltaic array and the wind power array, which is the main source of renewable energy electricity in the system. The magnitude of wind and solar power generation is affected by natural conditions such as sunlight intensity and wind speed, and is therefore fluctuating. It needs to be rectified and regulated before it can be used for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen or directly stored in the power battery.

[0059] Fuel cell operating power refers to the real-time output power of a fuel cell that converts hydrogen energy into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. The operating power of a fuel cell directly meets the building's electrical load requirements, with any excess stored in the power battery. The power output can be dynamically adjusted according to the difference between power supply and demand.

[0060] The operating power of a power battery refers to the real-time input or output electrical power of the battery during charging and discharging. It is used to smooth out fluctuations in wind and solar power generation and address power supply and demand imbalances. The power is negative during charging (to store electrical energy) and positive during discharging (to replenish power gaps). Dynamic coordination is achieved through state of charge (SOC) detection.

[0061] Load power refers to the real-time electricity demand of a building per unit time, including the total electrical load of lighting, equipment, air conditioning, etc. The system needs to adjust the output of fuel cells, power batteries, and renewable energy to ensure a dynamic balance between load power and power supply.

[0062] In this embodiment, by performing real-time power supply and demand difference calculation on the power side data, the power supply and demand status can be grasped in a timely manner to avoid power overload or shortage; by performing minute-level cooling and heating load demand fluctuation analysis on the cooling and heating side data, the short-term changes in cooling and heating load can be responded to quickly to improve the stability of cooling and heating supply; by comparing the next day's weather data and historical data to predict the initial next day's load curve and combining it with the current day's operating data to correct it, the accuracy of the next day's load curve prediction can be improved to support the reasonable scheduling plan for the next day; the synergistic effect of the above multi-time scale (real-time, minute-level, next day) and side-by-side (power side, cooling and heating side, global) prediction and analysis ultimately improves the accuracy of energy flow distribution, real-time response capability and operating efficiency of fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system, and optimizes the performance of combined cooling, heating and power.

[0063] In one specific embodiment, in S103, the battery includes a fuel cell and a power battery; adjusting the battery operating power of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system in real time according to the power supply and demand difference includes: when the power supply and demand difference is less than zero, increasing the power generation power of the fuel cell and discharging the power battery to make up for the power gap; when the power supply and demand difference is greater than zero, reducing the power generation power of the fuel cell and controlling the power battery to charge to store excess energy; when the power supply and demand difference is equal to zero, maintaining the current battery operating power unchanged.

[0064] It should be noted that the adjustment of fuel cell power generation and the charging and discharging control of the power battery can be performed separately, or only one of them can be performed. For example, when the power supply and demand difference is close to zero but fluctuates, the fuel cell power output can be adjusted in advance according to the prediction algorithm to avoid frequent start-stop. If the power battery SOC is in a low or high threshold range, the fuel cell operating power is adjusted first to protect the battery life. In addition, the system can dynamically set the hysteresis range of fuel cell power adjustment according to the load change rate and trend prediction to reduce unnecessary frequent power fluctuations. When the power battery SOC is below 20%, the fuel cell power supply is started first and the discharge power is limited to prevent over-discharge damage. When the SOC is above 90%, the charging priority is reduced or charging is stopped to extend the battery life. When the power system faces sudden load fluctuations, the fuel cell response threshold and the power battery charging and discharging rate are dynamically optimized by combining the prediction model and real-time feedback mechanism to ensure the continuity of power supply while suppressing energy loss. Through multi-objective collaborative control strategy, precise adjustment of energy flow distribution and balance of equipment operating life are achieved, further improving the overall energy efficiency and stability of the system.

[0065] Meanwhile, the system introduces an adaptive weight allocation mechanism, dynamically adjusting the power distribution weights between fuel cells and power batteries based on real-time operating conditions, balancing optimal energy efficiency with equipment safety. During periods of stable load, the focus is on maximizing energy efficiency, while during periods of significant load fluctuation, priority is given to ensuring response speed and power quality. For example, during the early morning load ramp-up phase, the system primarily operates on a fuel cell baseload basis, with the power battery assisting in smoothing short-term fluctuations, and the weighting is tilted towards energy efficiency. Conversely, during midday when photovoltaic output drops sharply or in the evening when load surges, the adaptive mechanism rapidly increases the response weight of the power battery, enhancing the system's instantaneous adjustment capability. By learning the optimal allocation patterns under typical scenarios from historical data and combining real-time grid dispatch instructions with meteorological factor corrections, the system achieves dynamic iterative optimization of the weight parameters.

[0066] In this embodiment, the operating power of the fuel cell is adjusted in real time according to the power supply and demand difference, and the charging and discharging of the power battery are linked. When the power is insufficient, the fuel cell increases its power generation and the power battery discharges to make up for the gap, so as to meet the power demand. When the power is excessive, the fuel cell reduces its power generation to reduce redundant power generation and the power battery charges to store excess energy, so as to avoid energy waste. When the supply and demand are balanced, the current state is maintained to keep it stable, thereby realizing the dynamic balance of power supply and demand, optimizing the synergistic efficiency of the fuel cell and the power battery, ensuring power supply stability and improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0067] Furthermore, adjusting the battery operating power of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system in real time according to the power supply and demand difference also includes: acquiring the first battery temperature and hydrogen concentration of the fuel cell, as well as the state of charge (SOC), voltage, and second battery temperature of the power battery; when the first battery temperature exceeds a first preset temperature range, reducing the power generation of the fuel cell and cooling the fuel cell using a liquid circulation pump; when the first battery temperature is below the first preset temperature range, increasing the power generation of the fuel cell and heating the fuel cell using a liquid circulation pump; when the hydrogen concentration is below a preset hydrogen concentration threshold, stopping water electrolysis and issuing an alarm signal; when the SOC is below a preset SOC range threshold, limiting the discharge power of the power battery; when the SOC is above the upper limit of the preset SOC range, limiting the charging power of the power battery; when the voltage rise rate exceeds a preset voltage change threshold, reducing the charging power; when the voltage fall rate exceeds a preset voltage change threshold, reducing the discharge power; when the second battery temperature exceeds a second preset temperature range, reducing the charging and discharging power of the power battery; when the second battery temperature is below a second preset temperature range, limiting the charging power of the power battery.

[0068] It should be noted that the first battery temperature refers to the operating temperature of the fuel cell, used to monitor its thermal state and ensure it operates within a safe temperature range. When the temperature exceeds the first preset temperature range, cooling or heating via a liquid circulation pump is required to maintain efficient reaction conditions and prevent catalyst deactivation or membrane module damage. Specifically, the first preset temperature range is generally set between 60°C and 80°C to ensure that the conductivity and reactivity of the proton exchange membrane are within the optimal range.

[0069] Hydrogen concentration refers to the volume percentage or mole fraction of hydrogen in a specific gaseous environment, and it is a core indicator for measuring the purity of a hydrogen source. When the hydrogen concentration falls below a preset threshold, it indicates a risk of hydrogen leakage, which may pose a safety hazard. Electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen must be stopped immediately, and the alarm system must be triggered. Generally, the preset hydrogen concentration threshold is set at 99.9%. However, because the hydrogen purity in water electrolysis equipment is very high, a concentration below 99.99% may be due to abnormal equipment operation, leaks in the hydrogen delivery pipeline, or substandard raw water quality. Therefore, a thorough inspection is necessary to rule out system malfunctions, pipeline leaks, or water source contamination to ensure the safe and stable operation of the system.

[0070] State of Charge (SOC) refers to the percentage of remaining charge of a power battery relative to its rated capacity, and is a key parameter reflecting the battery's energy storage status. The system collects the SOC data from the power battery in real time, and then coordinates the fuel cell output with the charging and discharging of the power battery in real time to ensure a balance between power supply and demand.

[0071] Voltage refers to the potential difference between the positive and negative terminals of a power battery. By detecting the terminal voltage of individual battery cells or battery packs, overcharging and over-discharging can be prevented, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the system.

[0072] The second battery temperature refers to the operating temperature of the power battery, reflecting its thermal state. When the temperature exceeds the second preset temperature range, the charging and discharging power must be limited to avoid overheating or overcooling damage, prevent thermal runaway or electrolyte freezing, and ensure operation within a high-efficiency and safe range. Specifically, the second preset temperature range is generally set between 0°C and 45°C. Within this temperature range, the internal resistance of the power battery is at a low level, the charging and discharging efficiency is highest, and the cycle life is effectively extended. When the temperature approaches the upper or lower limit, the system will activate the air cooling or heating device to regulate the temperature and ensure a stable battery operating environment. When the second battery temperature is below 20°C, the migration rate of lithium ions inside the battery decreases, leading to a decrease in charging acceptance. At this time, the charging power must be limited to prevent lithium dendrite precipitation and avoid short-circuit risks. Simultaneously, the conductivity of the electrolyte weakens at low temperatures, and the activity of the electrode materials decreases. Continuous high-rate charging may cause permanent battery damage. Therefore, the system should incorporate a preheating mechanism to raise the battery temperature to a reasonable operating range before charging to ensure a safe and efficient charging process. Clearly, this control strategy effectively improves the adaptability and reliability of the power battery in complex environments.

[0073] In this embodiment, by real-time monitoring of parameters such as fuel cell temperature, hydrogen concentration, and power battery state of charge, voltage change rate, and temperature, and combining this with the power supply and demand difference, the operating power of the fuel cell is dynamically adjusted. When the fuel cell temperature deviates from the preset range, the power generation of the fuel cell is adjusted and cooling / heating is performed. When the hydrogen concentration is too low, water electrolysis is stopped and an alarm is triggered. When the power battery state of charge, voltage change rate, or temperature deviates from the preset threshold, the charging and discharging power of the power battery is limited. This not only maintains the fuel cell and power battery in the optimal working state to improve system operating efficiency, but also effectively prevents damage to components caused by overcharging, over-discharging, abnormal temperature, and excessively low hydrogen concentration, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the system. At the same time, by adjusting the power supply and demand difference, energy distribution is optimized to improve energy utilization.

[0074] Further, in S104, the heating and cooling device includes a heat pump, a chiller, a first heat exchanger, and a second heat exchanger; the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system includes an air handling unit and a hot water storage tank; the operating status of the heating and cooling device of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system is adjusted according to minute-level load changes and battery operating power, including: based on minute-level load changes, when the cooling load demand increases, first determining whether the waste heat generated by the increased operating power of the fuel cell and power battery can meet the increased cooling load demand; if not, increasing the operating power of the chiller; wherein, when the chiller operating power reaches its upper limit and still cannot meet the demand, the heat pump is started to assist in cooling; when the cooling load demand increases, the system is adjusted according to minute-level load changes. When load demand decreases, reduce the operating power of the chiller and / or the heat pump; when heat load demand increases, increase the circulation flow rate of the first heat exchanger. If the heat is insufficient, increase the operating power of the heat pump. When the return water temperature of the air handling unit exceeds the upper limit threshold of the return water temperature, reduce the operating power of the heat pump and / or adjust the flow rate ratio of the first and second heat exchangers; when heat load demand decreases, reduce the circulation flow rate of the first and second heat exchangers and store the excess heat in the hot water storage tank; when the hot water load is insufficient, first increase the operating power of the second heat exchanger. If it is still insufficient, then electrically heat the hot water storage tank.

[0075] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the operating status of the heating and cooling devices is dynamically adjusted based on minute-level load changes to quickly respond to fluctuations in heating, cooling, and hot water loads and maintain a balance between system supply and demand. When the cooling load demand increases, the waste heat generated by the additional operating power of the fuel cell and power battery is utilized first, reducing the start-up frequency and operating power of the chiller, improving waste heat utilization, and reducing cooling energy consumption. When the waste heat is insufficient, the chiller power is increased sequentially, and the heat pump is started to assist in cooling to ensure that the cooling load is met. When the heating load demand increases, the circulation flow rate of the first heat exchanger is increased first to utilize waste heat. When the heat is insufficient, the heat pump power is increased. At the same time, the heat pump power or the flow ratio of the first and second heat exchangers is adjusted by detecting the return water temperature of the air handling unit to ensure a stable heat supply and avoid overheating. When the heating load decreases, excess heat is stored in the hot water storage tank to avoid waste of waste heat. When the hot water load is insufficient, the operating power of the second heat exchanger is increased first. If it is still insufficient, the hot water storage tank is electrically heated. Energy is utilized in layers to reduce dependence on electric heating and reduce the overall energy consumption of the system.

[0076] Furthermore, since the demand for cooling and heating loads differs significantly between winter and summer, adjusting the operating status of the cooling and heating devices in the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system based on minute-level load changes and battery operating power also includes: when there is a continuous and stable demand for cooling loads, the waste heat from the fuel cell is used to drive the chiller for cooling, and the condensation heat of the heat pump is recovered to the hot water storage tank; when there is a continuous and stable demand for heating loads, the chiller is first shut down, and then heating is provided through the first and second heat exchangers, and the operating power of the heat pump is reduced when the return water temperature of the air handling unit is greater than the upper limit threshold of the return water temperature.

[0077] It should be noted that, taking summer as an example, when there is a continuous and stable demand for cooling load, the waste heat generated by the fuel cell is used first to drive the chiller for cooling to meet the continuous cooling load demand. At this time, the heat pump switches to condensing heat recovery mode to store the waste heat generated during the cooling process in the hot water storage tank, thereby improving the overall energy utilization efficiency. In this application, the "continuous and stable demand for cooling / heating load" is used as the criterion for switching the operation strategy. Combined with minute-level load forecasting, the system mode is dynamically adjusted to avoid the energy efficiency decline caused by frequent start-stop. At the same time, it also avoids the problem of failing to meet the demand fluctuations of different scenarios caused by relying directly on time, thus achieving on-demand energy supply.

[0078] In this embodiment, by utilizing the waste heat from the fuel cell to drive the chiller and recovering the condensing heat of the heat pump to the hot water storage tank during continuous and stable cooling load, the effective utilization of waste heat and the recovery and reuse of condensing heat are achieved, thereby improving the system's energy efficiency. During continuous and stable heat load, the chiller is shut down to reduce unnecessary energy consumption, and heat is supplied through the heat exchanger. The heat pump operating power is reduced when the return water temperature of the air handling unit exceeds the upper limit threshold, avoiding overheating and reducing the heat pump's operating energy consumption. At the same time, the stable satisfaction of heat load demand is ensured. Overall, the energy flow distribution of the system under different continuous loads is optimized, improving the economy and stability of operation.

[0079] Furthermore, in S105, the hydrogen production unit includes an electrolyzer and a hydrogen storage tank. A multi-objective optimization model is constructed based on the next day's load curve, and the operating status of the hydrogen production unit in the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system is adjusted in conjunction with this model. This includes: setting multi-dimensional optimization objectives based on the next day's load curve; setting constraints based on the equipment characteristics and load requirements of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system; determining the multi-objective optimization model based on the multi-dimensional optimization objectives and constraints; and solving the multi-objective optimization model using a multi-timescale distributed prediction algorithm to obtain the hydrogen charging and discharging strategy for the hydrogen storage tank and the operating power curve of the electrolyzer.

[0080] It should be noted that the multi-dimensional optimization objectives can specifically include minimizing energy costs, minimizing carbon emissions, maximizing overall system energy efficiency, and improving the renewable energy absorption rate; the constraints cover the equipment operating power range, start-stop frequency limits, hydrogen storage capacity boundaries, and energy supply reliability requirements; by constructing a multi-objective optimization model with economic efficiency, environmental protection, and stability as objectives, and combining day-ahead load forecasting and real-time scheduling data, a multi-time-scale distributed predictive control algorithm is used to solve the optimal operating strategy, so as to achieve adaptive adjustment of the hydrogen production unit under different load scenarios, ensuring that the system meets the cooling, heating, and power load requirements while taking into account the dynamic balance of hydrogen production and storage, and further improving the overall operational flexibility and sustainability.

[0081] Based on this, by monitoring the pressure of hydrogen storage tanks and the operating status of electrolyzers in real time, the output plan of hydrogen production units is dynamically adjusted to ensure coordinated optimization of all aspects of hydrogen energy production, supply, storage and use; when the output of renewable energy fluctuates, surplus electricity is used to produce hydrogen first, reducing wind and solar curtailment and improving the energy system's regulation capacity; during off-peak periods, the power of electrolyzers is proactively increased to enhance grid interaction capabilities and support the balance of power system supply and demand.

[0082] In this embodiment, based on the multi-dimensional optimization objectives (such as energy efficiency, operating cost, and load matching degree) set according to the next day's load curve, and combined with the constraints of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system equipment characteristics (electrolyzer efficiency, hydrogen storage tank capacity) and load demand (time-series changes in cooling, heating, and power), a multi-objective optimization model is established that can comprehensively cover the core requirements and limitations of system operation. The model is solved using a multi-timescale distributed prediction algorithm, which can effectively adapt to load fluctuations and equipment response characteristics at different time scales (hourly and minute-level), accurately generating hydrogen storage tank charging and discharging strategies (such as charging hydrogen during off-peak hours and discharging hydrogen during peak hours) and electrolyzer operating power curves (such as dynamically adjusting electrolysis power according to load demand). By adjusting the operating status of the hydrogen production unit through these strategies, precise matching between the hydrogen production process and cooling, heating, and power load demands can be achieved, improving system energy utilization efficiency (avoiding ineffective energy consumption of the electrolyzer), reducing operating costs (optimizing hydrogen charging timing using off-peak electricity prices), and enhancing system stability (buffering load fluctuations through hydrogen storage tanks).

[0083] Furthermore, the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system can also interact bidirectionally with the external power grid, achieving coordinated optimization of surplus power feeding into the grid and grid peak shaving. While meeting internal cooling, heating, and power load demands, it feeds excess power back to the grid, improving overall energy utilization efficiency. Simultaneously, it dynamically adjusts its operating mode according to grid dispatch instructions, participating in demand response and enhancing the system's coordination with the external grid, further improving the flexibility and economy of the energy system. Please refer to Figure 4, which is a flowchart of an embodiment of summer grid-connected load matching control for the fuel cell CCHP system provided by this invention. The system sequentially judges the matching of "cooling load, hot water load, and electrical load," and if the loads do not match, corresponding adjustment measures are implemented until all loads are matched.

[0084] Specifically, during the cooling load handling phase, when the cooling load is mismatched, it is further determined whether the refrigeration unit is adjustable. If it is adjustable, the output of the refrigeration unit is adjusted; if it is not adjustable, the output of the heat pump is adjusted, forming a closed-loop adjustment.

[0085] During the hot water load handling phase, when the hot water load is mismatched, determine whether the flow rate of the second heat exchanger is adjustable. If it is adjustable, adjust the waste heat utilization; if it is not adjustable, turn on the electric heating of the water tank to supplement the auxiliary heat source to meet the hot water demand and ensure a stable heat supply.

[0086] During the load processing phase, when the load is mismatched, first determine whether the power battery can absorb the load. If it can, adjust the energy storage output and return to determine whether the load is matched. If not, determine whether the fuel cell is adjustable. If it is adjustable, adjust the power of the fuel cell and return to determine whether the load is matched. If it is not adjustable, execute grid power supply / purchase and return to determine whether the load is matched.

[0087] In this embodiment, because the system adopts a closed-loop control logic that matches "cold load, hot water load, and electric load" in sequence, and prioritizes the adjustment of waste heat utilization equipment in each load stage (adjusting the chiller first for cold load and the second heat exchanger first for hot water load), it can maximize the recovery of fuel cell waste heat for cold and heat demand, reduce the energy consumption of auxiliary equipment such as heat pumps and electric heating, and improve the efficiency of combined heat and power. In the electric load stage, through the hierarchical adjustment of "power battery consumption, fuel cell power adjustment, and grid power supply / purchase", it prioritizes the use of energy storage to optimize energy flow, reduce dependence on the grid, and improve the system's autonomy. At the same time, the closed-loop feedback in each stage ensures timely adjustment when the load is mismatched, ensuring a stable supply of cold, heat, and electric loads, and improving the overall energy efficiency, stability, and economy of the fuel cell combined heat and power system.

[0088] Further, please refer to Figure 5, which is a flowchart of an embodiment of the summer off-grid load matching control of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system provided by the present invention.

[0089] First, during the electrical load processing phase, when the electrical load is mismatched, the output of the fuel cell is adjusted until the electrical load is matched, and then the "cold load" phase begins.

[0090] During the cooling load processing stage, when the cooling load is mismatched, first determine whether the "refrigeration unit is adjustable". If it is adjustable, then "adjust the output of the refrigeration unit" and re-determine whether the "cooling load is matched". If it is not adjustable, then "adjust the output of the heat pump" and re-determine whether the "cooling load is matched" until the cooling load is matched, and then proceed to the "hot water load" stage.

[0091] During the hot water load handling phase, when the hot water load is mismatched, determine whether the flow rate of the second heat exchanger is adjustable. If it is adjustable, adjust the waste heat utilization; if it is not adjustable, turn on the electric heating of the water tank to supplement the auxiliary heat source to meet the hot water demand and ensure a stable heat supply.

[0092] In this embodiment, the electrical load is matched by first adjusting the output of the fuel cell, then the cold load is matched by adjusting the output of the chiller and the heat pump in sequence, and finally the hot water load is matched by adjusting the flow rate of the second heat exchanger (waste heat utilization) and turning on the electric heating of the water tank to supplement the auxiliary heat source. This ensures the matching of the loads of the system and the stability of the heat supply under off-grid conditions in summer.

[0093] Further, please refer to Figure 6, which is a flowchart of an embodiment of the winter grid-connected load matching control of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system provided by the present invention.

[0094] First, in the heat load processing stage, based on the heat load demand Q, when the heat load is mismatched, it is determined whether the flow rate of the first heat exchanger is adjustable. If it is adjustable, the waste heat utilization is adjusted; if it is not adjustable, the heat pump output is adjusted until the heat load is matched, and then the "hot water load" stage is entered.

[0095] During the hot water treatment stage, when the hot water load is mismatched, it is determined whether the flow rate of the second heat exchanger is adjustable. If it is adjustable, the waste heat utilization is adjusted. If it is not adjustable, the electric heating of the water tank is turned on until the hot water load is matched, and then the "electric load" stage is entered.

[0096] During the load processing phase, when the load is mismatched, it is determined whether the power battery can absorb the load. If it can, the energy storage output is adjusted and the load mismatch is re-evaluated. If it cannot, it is determined whether the fuel cell is adjustable. If it is adjustable, the fuel cell is adjusted. If it is not adjustable, the grid power supply / purchase is executed to achieve load balance.

[0097] In this embodiment, the heat load, hot water load, and electrical load are optimized and controlled in stages and layers (for heat load, the flow rate of the first heat exchanger / waste heat utilization is adjusted first, and then the heat pump is adjusted; for hot water load, the flow rate of the second heat exchanger / waste heat utilization is adjusted first, and then the water tank electric heating is turned on; for electrical load, the energy storage is adjusted first, then the fuel cell is adjusted, and finally the grid interaction is achieved). The waste heat of the fuel cell is used first to improve energy utilization efficiency, and the precise matching of each load is achieved, ensuring the balance and stability of the heat, cold and electricity loads of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system during winter grid-connected operation.

[0098] Further, please refer to Figure 7, which is a flowchart of an embodiment of the winter off-grid load matching control of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system provided by the present invention.

[0099] First, in the electrical load processing stage, based on the electrical load Pw, when the electrical load Pw is mismatched, the output of the fuel cell is adjusted and the cycle is repeated until the electrical load is matched, and then the "thermal load" stage is entered.

[0100] During the heat load processing stage, based on the "heat load demand Q and return water temperature T1", when the return water temperature T1 is not lower than 47℃ (where 47℃ is a pre-set upper limit threshold for return water temperature, and other data can also be used, which is not restricted here), it is determined whether "heat pump power P1>0?". If the heat pump power is greater than 0, the heat pump output is adjusted; if the heat pump power is not greater than 0, the waste heat utilization is adjusted. When the return water temperature T1 is lower than 47℃, it is further determined whether the heat load demand Q matches. If the heat load demand Q does not match, it is determined whether the flow rate of the first heat exchanger is adjustable. If it is adjustable, the waste heat utilization is adjusted; if it is not adjustable, the heat pump output is adjusted until the return water temperature T1 is lower than 47℃ and the heat load demand Q matches, then the "hot water load" stage is entered.

[0101] During the hot water treatment stage, when the hot water load is mismatched, determine whether the flow rate of the second heat exchanger is adjustable. If it is adjustable, adjust the waste heat utilization; if it is not adjustable, turn on the electric heating of the water tank until the hot water load is matched.

[0102] In this embodiment, electrical load is prioritized for adjustment to ensure stable power supply matching in off-grid scenarios. Heat load handling combines return water temperature thresholds with heat load demand, prioritizing waste heat utilization to meet heat needs and reduce heat pump energy consumption. Hot water load handling prioritizes waste heat utilization, only activating electric heating when necessary to improve energy efficiency. In summary, through phased and logical load matching control, a precise balance between electrical, heat, and hot water loads is achieved, ensuring stable operation of the off-grid system in winter. In particular, the return water temperature threshold setting prevents excessive heat load, ensuring system operational safety.

[0103] To facilitate better implementation of the energy flow distribution method for the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system provided by this invention, this embodiment also provides an apparatus based on the above-described energy flow distribution method for the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system. The meanings of the terms used are the same as in the above-described energy flow distribution method for the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system, and specific implementation details can be found in the description of the method embodiments.

[0104] Please refer to Figure 8, which is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the energy flow distribution device for a fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system provided by the present invention. The energy flow distribution device 800 for the fuel cell CCHP system may include: a data acquisition module 801, used to acquire electricity-side data, cooling / heating-side data, and global data of the fuel cell CCHP system; a prediction module 802, used to predict the power supply-demand difference corresponding to the electricity-side data, the minute-level load changes corresponding to the cooling / heating-side data, and the next-day load curve corresponding to the global data using a multi-timescale distributed prediction algorithm; a real-time power adjustment module 803, used to adjust the battery operating power of the fuel cell CCHP system in real time according to the power supply-demand difference; a cooling / heating adjustment module 804, used to adjust the operating status of the cooling / heating devices of the fuel cell CCHP system according to the minute-level load changes and the battery operating power; and a global adjustment module 805, used to construct a multi-objective optimization model based on the next-day load curve and adjust the operating status of the hydrogen production device of the fuel cell CCHP system in conjunction with the multi-objective optimization model.

[0105] This invention also provides an electronic device, as shown in FIG9. FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the electronic device provided by this invention. Specifically, the electronic device may include a processor 901 with one or more processing cores, a memory 902 with one or more computer-readable storage media, a power supply 903, and an input unit 904, etc. Those skilled in the art will understand that the electronic device structure shown in FIG9 does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device, and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements. The processor 901 is the control center of the electronic device, connecting various parts of the entire electronic device through various interfaces and lines. By running or executing software programs and / or modules stored in the memory 902, and calling data stored in the memory 902, it performs various functions of the electronic device and processes data, thereby performing overall detection of the electronic device. Optionally, the processor 901 may include one or more processing cores; preferably, the processor 901 may integrate an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly handles the operation of the storage medium, user interface, and application programs, etc., and the modem processor mainly handles wireless communication. It is understood that the above-mentioned modem processor may not be integrated into the processor 901.

[0106] The memory 902 can be used to store software programs and modules. The processor 901 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the software programs and modules stored in the memory 902. The memory 902 may mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store application programs required for operating the storage medium and at least one function (such as sound playback function, image playback function, etc.); the data storage area may store data created according to the use of the electronic device. In addition, the memory 902 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device. Accordingly, the memory 902 may also include a memory controller to provide the processor 901 with access to the memory 902.

[0107] The electronic device also includes a power supply 903 that supplies power to various components. Preferably, the power supply 903 can be logically connected to the processor 901 via a power management storage medium, thereby enabling functions such as charging, discharging, and power consumption management through the power management storage medium. The power supply 903 may also include one or more DC or AC power supplies, recharge storage media, power fault detection circuits, power converters or inverters, power status indicators, and other arbitrary components.

[0108] The electronic device may also include an input unit 904, which can be used to receive input digital or character information and generate keyboard, mouse, joystick, optical or trackball signal inputs related to user settings and function control.

[0109] Although not shown, the electronic device may also include a display unit, etc., which will not be described in detail here. Specifically, in this embodiment, the processor 901 in the electronic device loads the executable files corresponding to the processes of one or more application programs into the memory 902 according to the following instructions, and the processor 901 runs the application programs stored in the memory 902 to realize various functions, as follows: acquiring the power-side data, heating-side data, and global data of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system; predicting the power supply and demand difference corresponding to the power-side data, the minute-level load change corresponding to the heating-side data, and the next-day load curve corresponding to the global data through a multi-time-scale distributed prediction algorithm; adjusting the battery operating power of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system in real time according to the power supply and demand difference; adjusting the operating status of the heating and cooling devices of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system according to the minute-level load change and the battery operating power; constructing a multi-objective optimization model according to the next-day load curve, and adjusting the operating status of the hydrogen production device of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system in combination with the multi-objective optimization model.

[0110] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be performed by instructions, or by instructions controlling related hardware. These instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium and loaded and executed by a processor.

[0111] To this end, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon. The computer program is loaded by a processor to execute the steps in any of the energy flow allocation methods for a fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system provided by the present invention. For example, the computer program loaded by the processor can execute the following steps: acquiring electricity-side data, heating-side data, and global data of the fuel cell CCHP system; predicting the power supply-demand difference corresponding to the electricity-side data, the minute-level load changes corresponding to the heating-side data, and the next-day load curve corresponding to the global data using a multi-timescale distributed prediction algorithm; adjusting the battery operating power of the fuel cell CCHP system in real time according to the power supply-demand difference; adjusting the operating status of the heating and cooling devices of the fuel cell CCHP system according to the minute-level load changes and battery operating power; constructing a multi-objective optimization model based on the next-day load curve, and adjusting the operating status of the hydrogen production device of the fuel cell CCHP system in conjunction with the multi-objective optimization model.

[0112] For details on the implementation of each of the above operations, please refer to the previous examples, which will not be repeated here.

[0113] The computer-readable storage medium may include: read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk, etc.

[0114] Since the computer program stored in the computer-readable storage medium can execute the steps in the energy flow distribution method of any fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system provided by the present invention, the beneficial effects that the energy flow distribution method of any fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system provided by the present invention can achieve can be realized, as detailed in the preceding embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0115] The energy flow distribution method and apparatus of a fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system provided by the present invention have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope based on the idea of ​​the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for energy flow distribution in a fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system, characterized in that, include: Acquire electrical-side data, heating-side data, and global data from the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system; The power supply and demand difference corresponding to the power side data, the minute-level load change corresponding to the cold and hot side data, and the next-day load curve corresponding to the global data are predicted by a multi-time-scale distributed prediction algorithm. The operating power of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system is adjusted in real time according to the power supply and demand difference; the operating status of the cooling and heating devices of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system is adjusted according to the minute-level load changes and the battery operating power; a multi-objective optimization model is constructed based on the next day's load curve, and the operating status of the hydrogen production device of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system is adjusted in combination with the multi-objective optimization model.

2. The energy flow distribution method for a fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electricity-side data includes wind and solar power generation, fuel cell operating power, power battery operating power, and load power; the heating and cooling-side data includes heat pump power, chiller power, and heat exchanger power; the global data includes next day's weather data, the current day's operating data of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system, and historical data; the step of predicting the power supply and demand difference corresponding to the electricity-side data, the minute-level load changes corresponding to the heating and cooling-side data, and the next day's load curve corresponding to the global data using a multi-timescale distributed prediction algorithm includes: calculating the real-time power supply and demand difference for the wind and solar power generation, the fuel cell operating power, the power battery operating power, and the load power to obtain the power supply and demand difference of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system; performing minute-level heating and cooling load demand fluctuation analysis on the heat pump power, chiller power, and heat exchanger power to obtain the minute-level load changes of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system; comparing the next day's weather data and the historical data to predict and determine the initial next day's load curve of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system; and correcting the initial next day's load curve based on the current day's operating data to obtain the next day's load curve.

3. The energy flow distribution method for a fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery includes a fuel cell and a power battery; the real-time adjustment of the battery operating power of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system according to the power supply and demand difference includes: when the power supply and demand difference is less than zero, increasing the power generation power of the fuel cell and discharging the power battery to supplement the power gap; when the power supply and demand difference is greater than zero, decreasing the power generation power of the fuel cell and controlling the power battery to charge to store excess energy; when the power supply and demand difference is equal to zero, maintaining the current battery operating power unchanged.

4. The energy flow distribution method for a fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method of adjusting the battery operating power of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system in real time according to the power supply and demand difference further includes: acquiring the first battery temperature and hydrogen concentration of the fuel cell, as well as the state of charge, voltage, and second battery temperature of the power battery; when the first battery temperature exceeds a first preset temperature range, reducing the power generation of the fuel cell and cooling the fuel cell using a liquid circulation pump; when the first battery temperature is below the first preset temperature range, increasing the power generation of the fuel cell and heating the fuel cell using a liquid circulation pump; when the hydrogen concentration is below a preset hydrogen concentration threshold... The system stops water electrolysis and issues an alarm signal; when the state of charge is lower than a preset state of charge range threshold, the discharge power of the power battery is limited; when the state of charge is higher than the upper limit of the preset state of charge range, the charging power of the power battery is limited; when the rate of voltage rise exceeds a preset voltage change threshold, the charging power is reduced; when the rate of voltage fall exceeds a preset voltage change threshold, the discharge power is reduced; when the temperature of the second battery exceeds a second preset temperature range, the charging and discharging power of the power battery is reduced; when the temperature of the second battery is lower than a second preset temperature range, the charging power of the power battery is limited.

5. The energy flow distribution method for a fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The heating and cooling device includes a heat pump, a chiller, a first heat exchanger, and a second heat exchanger; the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system includes an air handling unit and a hot water storage tank; adjusting the operating status of the heating and cooling device of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system according to the minute-level load changes and the battery operating power includes: based on the minute-level load changes, when the cooling load demand increases, first determining whether the waste heat generated by the increased operating power of the fuel cell and the power battery can meet the increased cooling load demand; if not, increasing the operating power of the chiller; wherein, when the chiller operating power reaches its upper limit and still cannot meet the demand, starting the heat pump for auxiliary cooling; when the cooling load demand decreases... The following measures are implemented: 1) Reduce the operating power of the chiller and / or the operating power of the heat pump; 2) When the heat load demand increases, increase the circulation flow rate of the first heat exchanger; if the heat is insufficient, increase the operating power of the heat pump; 3) When the return water temperature of the air handling unit is greater than the upper limit threshold of the return water temperature, reduce the operating power of the heat pump, and / or adjust the flow rate ratio of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger; 4) When the heat load demand decreases, reduce the circulation flow rate of the first and second heat exchangers and store the excess heat in the hot water storage tank; 5) When the hot water load is insufficient, first increase the operating power of the second heat exchanger; if it is still insufficient, then electrically heat the hot water storage tank.

6. The energy flow distribution method for a fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method of adjusting the operating status of the cooling and heating devices of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system according to the minute-level load changes and the battery operating power further includes: when there is a continuous and stable cooling load demand, the waste heat of the fuel cell is used to drive the chiller for cooling, and the condensation heat of the heat pump is recovered to the hot water storage tank; when there is a continuous and stable heat load demand, the chiller is first shut down, and then heating is provided through the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, and when the return water temperature of the air handling unit is greater than the upper limit threshold of the return water temperature, the operating power of the heat pump is reduced.

7. The energy flow distribution method for a fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen production unit includes an electrolyzer and a hydrogen storage tank. The step of constructing a multi-objective optimization model based on the next day's load curve, and adjusting the operating status of the hydrogen production unit in the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system using the multi-objective optimization model, includes: setting multi-dimensional optimization objectives based on the next day's load curve; setting constraints based on the equipment characteristics and load requirements of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system; determining the multi-objective optimization model based on the multi-dimensional optimization objectives and constraints; and solving the multi-objective optimization model using a multi-timescale distributed prediction algorithm to obtain the hydrogen charging and discharging strategy for the hydrogen storage tank and the operating power curve of the electrolyzer.

8. An energy flow distribution device for a fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to acquire the power-side data, heating-side data, and global data of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system. The prediction module is used to predict the power supply and demand difference corresponding to the power side data, the minute-level load change corresponding to the cold and hot side data, and the next-day load curve corresponding to the global data through a multi-time-scale distributed prediction algorithm. The real-time power adjustment module is used to adjust the battery operating power of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system in real time according to the power supply and demand difference; the cooling and heating adjustment module is used to adjust the operating status of the cooling and heating devices of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system according to the minute-level load changes and the battery operating power; the global adjustment module is used to construct a multi-objective optimization model based on the next day's load curve, and adjust the operating status of the hydrogen production device of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system in combination with the multi-objective optimization model.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The system includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor performs the following steps: acquiring power-side data, heating-side data, and global data of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating, and power system; and using a multi-timescale distributed prediction algorithm to predict the power supply and demand difference corresponding to the power-side data, the minute-level load change corresponding to the heating-side data, and the next-day load curve corresponding to the global data, respectively. The operating power of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system is adjusted in real time according to the power supply and demand difference; the operating status of the cooling and heating devices of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system is adjusted according to the minute-level load changes and the battery operating power; a multi-objective optimization model is constructed based on the next day's load curve, and the operating status of the hydrogen production device of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system is adjusted in combination with the multi-objective optimization model.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores a computer program, which is loaded by a processor to execute the steps in the energy flow distribution method of the fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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