Composite agriculture and forestry management method mainly comprising eucalyptus and commercial crops

Abstract

The invention discloses an agriculture and forestry compound management method with eucalyptus and commercial crops as main components, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: S1, forest land site selection and pretreatment: selecting a laterite / laterite forest land with the altitude less than or equal to 800m and the PH value of 4.5-6.5, and relates to the technical field of agriculture and forestry compound management. According to the agriculture and forestry composite management method with eucalyptus and commercial crops as main components, medicinal plants such as honeysuckle, rhizoma polygonati and anoectochilus formosanus are accurately matched according to microenvironment characteristics of eucalyptus in different growth stages, the content of effective components of various medicinal materials is remarkably increased by combining a medicinal component directional regulation and control technology, and the effective components meet the high-quality standard of pharmacopoeia; compared with a traditional mode, the annual average yield per mu income of medicinal plants and the land resource utilization rate are greatly improved, the nutrient requirements of eucalyptus in all growth stages are met through intelligent drip irrigation and staged water and fertilizer management, the application of biological bacterial fertilizer and organic fertilizer is matched, the soil structure is effectively improved, the eucalyptus growth speed and the wood yield are remarkably improved, and the phenomenon of small old trees is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agroforestry technology, specifically to an agroforestry method based on eucalyptus and cash crops. Background Technology

[0002] Eucalyptus, as a fast-growing and high-yielding tree species, has important application value in papermaking, wood-based panels, and biomass energy, and has become one of the important commercial forest tree species in southern my country. However, traditional eucalyptus plantations mostly adopt a monoculture planting model, which has many drawbacks: First, long-term continuous cropping leads to soil fertility decline, and eucalyptus trees are prone to "small old trees" in the later stages of growth, resulting in reduced yields; Second, monoculture ecosystems are fragile, biodiversity is reduced, and pests and diseases are easily spread, and resources such as sunlight and water under the forest are not effectively utilized, resulting in low land productivity; Third, in some areas, in pursuit of short-term benefits, excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides causes soil pollution and eutrophication of water bodies, which violates the requirements of ecological and environmental protection.

[0003] While existing agroforestry techniques include attempts to combine eucalyptus with crops and forage grasses, the integration of eucalyptus with medicinal plants has significant shortcomings: First, the selection of medicinal plants is indiscriminate, failing to accurately match the microenvironment (light intensity, humidity, soil microbial community) of eucalyptus at different ages with the specific needs of medicinal plants, resulting in low content of effective components and substandard quality. Second, there is a lack of a dedicated water and fertilizer regulation system for medicinal plants, relying on forest or crop fertilization patterns, which not only fails to meet the needs of medicinal plants for secondary metabolite accumulation but also easily leads to soil nutrient imbalance. Third, a "forest-medicinal plant" ecological interaction regulation mechanism has not been established, neglecting the correlation between eucalyptus volatiles and the resistance of medicinal plants to pests and diseases, leading to reliance on chemical pesticides for pest and disease control, which affects the safety of medicinal materials.

[0004] Therefore, this invention provides an agroforestry management method based on eucalyptus trees and cash crops. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an agroforestry management method based on eucalyptus and cash crops, which solves the problems of poor compatibility of medicinal plants, low quality of medicinal materials, and weak ecological benefits in existing technologies.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an agroforestry management method based on eucalyptus trees and cash crops, specifically including the following steps: S1. Forest site selection and pretreatment: Select red soil / brick soil forest land with an altitude of ≤800m and pH of 4.5-6.5, and improve it by using Chinese medicine residue-sheep manure substrate and divide it into zones; S2. Eucalyptus seedling selection and planting: Plant container seedlings of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis, and apply bio-fertilizer; S3. Planting medicinal plants in different cycles: Medicinal plants are matched according to the eucalyptus cycle: honeysuckle-mint are planted in the young forest stage, polygonatum-solomon's seal is planted in the middle forest stage, and anoectochilus-bletilla is planted in the near-mature forest stage. S4. Dynamic water and fertilizer management: Set up intelligent drip irrigation to regulate water and fertilizer, and target the enhancement of medicinal materials; S5. Control System: Construct a control system using repellent plants and microorganisms; S6. Harvesting and Forest Regeneration: Precise harvesting and bud regeneration to achieve a win-win situation for both ecology and economy.

[0007] Preferably, the forest site selection and pretreatment in S1 specifically includes: S1-1. The site selection must meet the conditions of red soil or lateritic soil with an altitude of ≤800m, slope of ≤25°, soil pH value of 4.5-6.5 and soil layer thickness of ≥60cm, and avoid steep slopes, low-lying waterlogged areas and areas with heavy metal pollution. S1-2. Pretreatment includes mechanical deep plowing to a depth of 25-30cm, then spreading 500kg of improved substrate per acre, which is a mixture of well-rotted Chinese medicinal herb residue and sheep manure in a mass ratio of 2:1, and rotary tilling it into the soil. Eucalyptus planting strips are marked with a row spacing of 4-5m and a plant spacing of 2-3m, with a 3-4m medicinal plant planting area reserved between the strips. In the "forest-medicine" interval, dig a 30cm wide and 20cm deep isolation ditch, and lay an organic buffer substrate in the ditch, which is a mixture of straw, well-rotted Chinese medicinal herb residue, and EM agent in a mass ratio of 5:4:1, and cover it with 5cm of topsoil.

[0008] Preferably, the selection and planting of eucalyptus seedlings in S2 specifically involves: S2-1. Select container seedlings of hybrid clonal Eucalyptus × Eucalyptus grandis, which must meet the requirements of seedling height ≥ 50cm, ground diameter ≥ 0.8cm, and complete root system, and undergo 30 days of acclimatization. S2-2. Planting time is after rain in February or March each year. The planting hole size is 60cm×60cm×50cm. Apply 1.5-2kg of decomposed farmyard manure + 0.3kg of superphosphate + 0.1kg of special bio-fertilizer for medicinal plants to each hole. Mix the fertilizer with the bottom soil, backfill, plant the seedlings and compact the soil. Water thoroughly with water containing 0.1% rooting agent. Cover the base of the seedlings with a 1m×1m mixture of wood chips and Chinese medicine residue, with a thickness of 5-8cm.

[0009] Preferably, the S3 method of planting medicinal plants in a phased manner is as follows: adopting a "main planting + companion planting" model, the main plant in the young forest stage is honeysuckle "Beihua No. 1" and the companion plant is mint. Honeysuckle is planted in ridges with a row spacing of 1.2m and a plant spacing of 0.8m. Mint is sown in the ridges with a row spacing of 30cm and a plant spacing of 20cm. In the middle forest stage, the main plant is Polygonatum multiflorum and the companion plant is Polygonatum odoratum. Polygonatum is propagated by tubers and Polygonatum odoratum is sown in the ridges between the rows of Polygonatum. A simple shade net with a height of 1.2m is set up to control the midday sunlight rate in summer to ≤50%. In the near-mature forest stage, the main plant is Anoectochilus fusiforme and the companion plant is Bletilla striata. Anoectochilus fusiforme is propagated by cuttings on a trellis and Bletilla striata is planted in the gaps of the trellis.

[0010] Preferably, the dynamic water and fertilizer management in S4 specifically involves: laying drip irrigation networks along contour lines, setting up independent drip irrigation branches in eucalyptus and medicinal plant areas, and equipping them with soil moisture and light sensors and intelligent control valves to maintain the water content of the eucalyptus root layer at 60%-70%, honeysuckle at 55%-65% during its growth period, polygonatum at 60%-75%, and the cultivation substrate of Anoectochilus roxburghii at 75%-80%. In nutrient management, during the eucalyptus sapling stage, apply 0.1 kg / plant of N:P:K=3:1:2 compound fertilizer in trenches every month; during the middle forest stage, apply 0.2 kg / plant of N:P:K=2:1:3 compound fertilizer every 2 months; and during the near-mature forest stage, apply 0.3 kg / plant every 3 months and spray boron-zinc mixture in spring. Medicinal plants are top-fertilized according to variety. The residues of medicinal plants and fallen eucalyptus leaves are composted into organic fertilizer and applied back to the plant. In winter, 50 kg / mu of calcined oyster shell powder is spread to adjust the acidity.

[0011] Preferably, step S4 further includes a sub-step for targeted regulation of medicinal plant components: applying a 0.2% foliar fertilizer containing a flavonoid synthesis promoter every 15 days during the honeysuckle flowering period; applying potassium fertilizer during the tuber formation period of Polygonatum sibiricum and then applying a 0.3% polysaccharide promoter once in autumn; and applying a 0.2% saponin synthesis regulator once a month after three months of cutting propagation of Anoectochilus roxburghii, simultaneously using a 0.1% humic acid foliar fertilizer and a 0.05% molybdenum-selenium trace element fertilizer.

[0012] Preferably, the control system in S5 specifically includes: planting pyrethrum and artemisia around the forest area, planting salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower in the medicinal plant area, inoculating 50 kg of functional microbial agents containing antagonistic fungi and growth-promoting bacteria per mu in the "forest-medicine" area, setting up sex pheromone traps every 5 mu, and monitoring with high-definition cameras and health detection systems. The control system prioritizes biological control such as Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, and ladybugs, supplemented by physical measures such as sticky insect boards and deep plowing and freezing. When necessary, biological pesticides such as matrine and kasugamycin are selected, and the safety interval period is strictly implemented.

[0013] Preferably, the harvesting and forest regeneration in S6 are as follows: honeysuckle is harvested in batches when the flower buds turn from green to white; polygonatum is harvested in autumn after 3 years of planting; golden thread lotus is harvested 8-10 months after cuttings, with 30% of the mother plants retained; eucalyptus is regenerated by sprouting after 7-year-old main felling, with 2-3 strong sprouting branches retained; and medicinal plant varieties are re-adapted according to the growth stage of the sprouting forest to form a circular management model.

[0014] Beneficial effects This invention provides a method for agroforestry management based on eucalyptus trees and cash crops. Compared with existing technologies, it has the following advantages: 1. This agroforestry management method, which combines eucalyptus trees with cash crops, precisely matches medicinal plants such as honeysuckle, polygonatum, and anoectochilus roxburghii with the microenvironmental characteristics of eucalyptus trees at different growth stages. Combined with the targeted regulation technology of medicinal components, it significantly improves the content of effective components of various medicinal materials, all of which meet the pharmacopoeia's high-quality standards. The average annual yield per mu of medicinal plants and the land resource utilization rate are significantly improved compared with the traditional model.

[0015] 2. This agroforestry management method, which combines eucalyptus trees with cash crops, meets the nutrient needs of eucalyptus trees at each growth stage through intelligent drip irrigation and phased water and fertilizer management. In addition, the application of bio-fertilizers and organic fertilizers effectively improves soil structure, significantly increases the growth rate of eucalyptus trees and timber yield, and avoids the phenomenon of "small old trees".

[0016] 3. This agroforestry management method, which combines eucalyptus trees with cash crops, effectively improves soil fertility and microbial diversity through measures such as planting medicinal repellent plants, improving the substrate of traditional Chinese medicine residues, and inoculating functional microorganisms. It also significantly reduces the incidence of pests and diseases and the amount of pesticides used, avoids excessive pesticide residues in medicinal materials, enhances the carbon sequestration capacity of the "forest-medicine" system, and achieves coordinated development of ecology and economy. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of the agroforestry integrated management method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: The agroforestry management method, which combines eucalyptus trees with cash crops, specifically includes the following steps: S1. Forest site selection and pretreatment: Select red soil / brick soil forest land with an altitude of ≤800m and pH of 4.5-6.5, and improve it by using Chinese medicine residue-sheep manure substrate and divide it into zones; S2. Eucalyptus seedling selection and planting: Plant container seedlings of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis, and apply bio-fertilizer; S3. Planting medicinal plants in different cycles: Medicinal plants are matched according to the eucalyptus cycle: honeysuckle-mint are planted in the young forest stage, polygonatum-solomon's seal is planted in the middle forest stage, and anoectochilus-bletilla is planted in the near-mature forest stage. S4. Dynamic water and fertilizer management: Set up intelligent drip irrigation to regulate water and fertilizer, and target the enhancement of medicinal materials; S5. Control System: Construct a control system using repellent plants and microorganisms; S6. Harvesting and Forest Regeneration: Precise harvesting and bud regeneration to achieve a win-win situation for both ecology and economy.

[0020] In this embodiment, the forest site selection and pretreatment in S1 are specifically as follows: S1-1. The site selection must meet the conditions of red soil or lateritic soil with an altitude of ≤800m, slope of ≤25°, soil pH value of 4.5-6.5 and soil layer thickness of ≥60cm, and avoid steep slopes, low-lying waterlogged areas and areas with heavy metal pollution. S1-2. Pretreatment includes mechanical deep plowing to a depth of 25-30cm, then spreading 500kg of improved substrate per acre, which is a mixture of well-rotted Chinese medicinal herb residue and sheep manure in a mass ratio of 2:1, and rotary tilling it into the soil. Eucalyptus planting strips are marked with a row spacing of 4-5m and a plant spacing of 2-3m, with a 3-4m medicinal plant planting area reserved between the strips. In the "forest-medicine" interval, dig a 30cm wide and 20cm deep isolation ditch, and lay an organic buffer substrate in the ditch, which is a mixture of straw, well-rotted Chinese medicinal herb residue, and EM agent in a mass ratio of 5:4:1, and cover it with 5cm of topsoil.

[0021] In this embodiment, the selection and planting of eucalyptus seedlings in S2 are specifically as follows: S2-1. Select container seedlings of hybrid clonal Eucalyptus × Eucalyptus grandis, which must meet the requirements of seedling height ≥ 50cm, ground diameter ≥ 0.8cm, and complete root system, and undergo 30 days of acclimatization. Spray with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution twice during the hardening-off period; S2-2. Planting time is after rain in February or March each year. The planting hole size is 60cm×60cm×50cm. Apply 1.5-2kg of decomposed farmyard manure + 0.3kg of superphosphate + 0.1kg of special bio-fertilizer for medicinal plants to each hole. Mix the fertilizer with the bottom soil, backfill, plant the seedlings and compact the soil. Water thoroughly with water containing 0.1% rooting agent. Cover the base of the seedlings with a 1m×1m mixture of wood chips and Chinese medicine residue, with a thickness of 5-8cm.

[0022] In this embodiment, the specific method for the phased and adaptive planting of medicinal plants in S3 is as follows: A "main planting + associated planting" model is adopted. During the young forest stage (eucalyptus tree height ≤ 3m, light intensity ≥ 60%), the main plant is honeysuckle 'Beihua No. 1', with mint as an associated plant. Honeysuckle is planted in raised beds (20cm high, 80cm wide), with a row spacing of 1.2m and a plant spacing of 0.8m. Mint is sown between the raised beds at a row spacing of 30cm and a plant spacing of 20cm. During the middle forest stage (eucalyptus tree height 3-8m, light intensity 30%-60%), the main plant is Polygonatum multiflorum, with Cornus officinalis as an associated plant. Bamboo and Polygonatum tuber propagation (row spacing 40cm, plant spacing 30cm). Polygonatum is sown in rows between Polygonatum rows (row spacing 25cm, plant spacing 15cm, seed rate 3kg per mu). A simple shade net 1.2m high is set up to control the midday sunlight rate in summer to ≤50%. In the near-mature forest stage (eucalyptus tree height ≥8m, sunlight rate ≤30%), the main plants are Anoectochilus fujiani and Bletilla striata. Anoectochilus fujiani is propagated by cuttings on a trellis (density 10cm×10cm), and Bletilla striata is planted in the gaps of the trellis (row spacing 30cm, plant spacing 20cm).

[0023] Based on the growth cycle of eucalyptus trees and the patterns of light and humidity changes in the understory, the integrated management system is divided into three stages: young forest stage (1-2 years), mid-grown forest stage (3-5 years), and near-mature forest stage (6-7 years). Each stage is tailored to the market demand and growth characteristics of medicinal plants, with precise selection of different types of medicinal plants. Simultaneously, a "main planting + associated planting" model is adopted to enhance resilience and ecological benefits. Young forest stage (eucalyptus tree height ≤3m, forest understory light rate ≥60%, air humidity 60%-70%): Select light-loving, drought-resistant medicinal plants with a growth cycle of 1-2 years, with honeysuckle as the main plant and mint as the companion plant; Planting method: Honeysuckle is planted in raised beds with a height of 20cm and a width of 80cm. The row spacing is 1.2m and the plant spacing is 0.8m. Two strong seedlings are planted in each hole. Mint is sown between the honeysuckle beds with a row spacing of 30cm and a plant spacing of 20cm. Before planting, apply 200kg of special base fertilizer for medicinal plants (N:P:K=1:2:1, containing zinc and selenium trace elements) per mu to enhance the accumulation of effective components in the medicinal materials. Mid-forest stage (eucalyptus trees are 3-8m tall, the light rate under the forest is 30%-60%, and the air humidity is 70%-80%): Select medicinal plants that are tolerant of partial shade, like moisture, and have a growth cycle of 2-3 years. The main planted variety is Polygonatum sibiricum, and the companion variety is Polygonatum odoratum. Planting method: Polygonatum is propagated by tubers. Dig planting holes with a row spacing of 40cm and a plant spacing of 30cm, and a hole depth of 15cm. Place one tuber with 2-3 buds in each hole and cover it with 5cm of humus soil. Apply 50g of decomposed Chinese herbal medicine residue fertilizer to the hole before planting. Sow Polygonatum in rows between the rows of Polygonatum with a row spacing of 25cm and a plant spacing of 15cm. The seed rate is 3kg per mu. At this stage, set up a simple shade net with a height of 1.2m to help control the light and ensure that the midday sunlight rate in summer does not exceed 50%. Near-mature forest stage (eucalyptus tree height ≥8m, forest understory light rate ≤30%, air humidity 80%-85%): Select shade-tolerant, warm and humid medicinal plants with a growth cycle of 3-4 years. The main planted variety is Anoectochilus roxburghii, and the companion variety is Bletilla striata. Planting method: Golden Thread Orchid is propagated by cuttings on a trellis. The trellis is 1.2m high and a cultivation substrate of humus, perlite and coconut coir in a ratio of 5:3:2 is laid. The cutting density is 10cm×10cm. Select healthy stem segments with 2-3 leaves for cuttings. Soak the cuttings in 0.2% rooting powder for 10 minutes before planting. Plant Bletilla striata in the gaps of the Golden Thread Orchid trellis at a row spacing of 30cm and a plant spacing of 20cm. Place 3-5 healthy tubers in each hole and cover with 4cm of pine needle soil.

[0024] In this embodiment, the dynamic water and fertilizer management in S4 is specifically as follows: a drip irrigation network is laid along the contour lines, and independent drip irrigation branches are set up in the eucalyptus and medicinal plant areas. Soil moisture and light sensors and intelligent control valves are equipped to maintain the water content of the eucalyptus root layer at 60%-70%, honeysuckle at 55%-65% during its growth period, polygonatum at 60%-75%, and the cultivation substrate of Anoectochilus roxburghii at 75%-80%. In nutrient management, during the eucalyptus sapling stage, 0.1 kg / plant of N:P:K=3:1:2 compound fertilizer is applied in furrows every month; during the middle forest stage, 0.2 kg / plant of N:P:K=2:1:3 compound fertilizer is applied every 2 months; and during the near-mature forest stage, 0.3 kg / plant is applied every 3 months, and boron-zinc mixture is sprayed in spring. Medicinal plants are fertilized according to variety. The residues of medicinal plants and eucalyptus leaves are composted into organic fertilizer and applied back to the plant. In winter, 50 kg / mu of calcined oyster shell powder is spread to adjust the acidity.

[0025] In this embodiment, S4 also includes a sub-step for targeted regulation of medicinal plant components: 15 days after the flowering period of honeysuckle, spray with a special foliar fertilizer containing 0.2% flavonoid synthesis promoter; after applying potassium fertilizer during the tuber formation period of Polygonatum, spray with 0.3% polysaccharide promoter once in autumn; 3 months after cutting of Anoectochilus roxburghii, spray with 0.2% saponin synthesis regulator once a month, and simultaneously use 0.1% humic acid foliar fertilizer and 0.05% molybdenum selenium trace element fertilizer.

[0026] In this embodiment, the control system in S5 is as follows: pyrethrum and artemisia are planted around the forest area, and salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower are planted in the medicinal plant area. 50 kg of functional microbial agents containing antagonistic fungi and growth-promoting bacteria are inoculated per mu in the "forest-medicinal plant" area. Sex pheromone traps are set up every 5 mu, and monitoring is carried out in conjunction with high-definition cameras and health detection systems. Biological control is given priority to Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, and ladybugs, supplemented by physical measures such as sticky insect boards and deep plowing and freezing. When necessary, biological pesticides such as matrine and kasugamycin are selected, and the safe interval period is strictly implemented.

[0027] Pest and disease monitoring adopts a "sex pheromone trapping + intelligent monitoring + medicinal plant health detection" model: One trap is set up every 5 mu (approximately 0.87 hectares) in the forest area to trap male adults of pests such as eucalyptus loopers and honeysuckle aphids. High-definition cameras and pest and disease identification systems are installed to monitor leaf lesions and pest infestations in real time. Changes in chlorophyll content and secondary metabolites in the leaves of medicinal plants are regularly monitored to provide early warnings of stress risks. When the pest population density or disease index reaches the control threshold, the following green control measures are taken: Biological control: For eucalyptus bacterial wilt, spray Bacillus subtilis aqueous solution at the initial stage of disease, at a dosage of 200 mL / mu. For honeysuckle aphids, release 1000 ladybugs / mu, or spray with 0.3% matrine aqueous solution at 800 times dilution. For Polygonatum root rot, use Trichoderma fungicide for root irrigation, at a dosage of 50 mL per plant. For Anoectochilus roxburghii soft rot, regularly spray with kasugamycin aqueous solution (2%) at 1000 times dilution to avoid contamination of medicinal materials. Physical and ecological control: Yellow sticky traps are used to trap and kill whiteflies and aphids, with one trap placed per 10 square meters and replaced regularly. Blue sticky traps are used to trap and kill thrips on Anoectochilus roxburghii. For soft rot of konjac, diseased plants are removed in time, and a mixture of quicklime and Trichoderma is applied to the diseased holes for disinfection. In winter, the medicinal plant planting area is deeply plowed and frozen to kill overwintering pathogens and insect eggs. Precision chemical control: Strictly follow the guidelines for the use of pesticides on medicinal plants. When necessary, select low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides. Harvest only after a safe interval has been reached after pesticide application. When eucalyptus looper outbreaks occur, spray with 2.5% deltamethrin EC at a dilution of 1500 times. Avoid spraying during the flowering period of medicinal plants. Use biopesticides for medicinal plant diseases. For example, spray with 2% Nongkang 120 Aqueous Solution at a dilution of 600 times for honeysuckle powdery mildew. Ensure that pesticide residues in medicinal materials meet pharmacopoeia standards.

[0028] In this embodiment, the harvesting and forest regeneration in S6 are as follows: honeysuckle is harvested in batches when the flower buds turn from green to white; polygonatum is harvested in autumn after 3 years of planting; golden thread lotus is harvested 8-10 months after cuttings and 30% of the mother plants are retained; eucalyptus is regenerated after 7-year-old main felling and sprouting, retaining 2-3 strong sprouting branches; and medicinal plant varieties are re-adapted according to the growth stage of the sprouting forest to form a circular management model.

[0029] The planting model, water and fertilizer management, and control measures of this method are all designed in accordance with the climate and soil characteristics of the red soil region in the south. The operation process is clear and can be automated through intelligent equipment, which facilitates large-scale promotion and application.

[0030] Furthermore, any content not described in detail in this specification is existing technology known to those skilled in the art.

[0031] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0032] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An agroforestry management method based primarily on eucalyptus trees and cash crops, characterized in that: Specifically, the following steps are included: S1. Forest site selection and pretreatment: Select red soil / brick soil forest land with an altitude of ≤800m and pH of 4.5-6.5, and improve it by using Chinese medicine residue-sheep manure substrate and divide it into zones; S2. Eucalyptus seedling selection and planting: Plant container seedlings of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis, and apply bio-fertilizer; S3. Planting medicinal plants in different cycles: Medicinal plants are matched according to the eucalyptus cycle: honeysuckle-mint are planted in the young forest stage, polygonatum-solomon's seal is planted in the middle forest stage, and anoectochilus-bletilla is planted in the near-mature forest stage. S4. Dynamic water and fertilizer management: Set up intelligent drip irrigation to regulate water and fertilizer, and target the enhancement of medicinal materials; S5. Control System: Construct a control system using repellent plants and microorganisms; S6. Harvesting and Forest Regeneration: Precise harvesting and bud regeneration to achieve a win-win situation for both ecology and economy.

2. The agroforestry management method based on eucalyptus and cash crops as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific details of forest site selection and pretreatment in S1 are as follows: S1-1. The site selection must meet the conditions of red soil or lateritic soil with an altitude of ≤800m, slope of ≤25°, soil pH value of 4.5-6.5 and soil layer thickness of ≥60cm, and avoid steep slopes, low-lying waterlogged areas and areas with heavy metal pollution. S1-2. Pretreatment includes mechanical deep plowing to a depth of 25-30cm, then spreading 500kg of improved substrate per acre, which is a mixture of well-rotted Chinese medicinal herb residue and sheep manure in a mass ratio of 2:1, and rotary tilling it into the soil. Eucalyptus planting strips are marked with a row spacing of 4-5m and a plant spacing of 2-3m, with a 3-4m medicinal plant planting area reserved between the strips. In the "forest-medicine" interval, dig a 30cm wide and 20cm deep isolation ditch, and lay an organic buffer substrate in the ditch, which is a mixture of straw, well-rotted Chinese medicinal herb residue, and EM agent in a mass ratio of 5:4:1, and cover it with 5cm of topsoil.

3. The agroforestry management method based on eucalyptus and cash crops as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The selection and planting of eucalyptus seedlings in S2 are specifically as follows: S2-1. Select container seedlings of hybrid clonal Eucalyptus × Eucalyptus grandis, which must meet the requirements of seedling height ≥ 50cm, ground diameter ≥ 0.8cm, and complete root system, and undergo 30 days of acclimatization. S2-2. Planting time is after rain in February or March each year. The planting hole size is 60cm×60cm×50cm. Apply 1.5-2kg of decomposed farmyard manure + 0.3kg of superphosphate + 0.1kg of special bio-fertilizer for medicinal plants to each hole. Mix the fertilizer with the bottom soil, backfill, plant the seedlings and compact the soil. Water thoroughly with water containing 0.1% rooting agent. Cover the base of the seedlings with a 1m×1m mixture of wood chips and Chinese medicine residue, with a thickness of 5-8cm.

4. The agroforestry management method based on eucalyptus and cash crops as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific planting of medicinal plants in S3 according to the cycle is as follows: adopting the "main planting + companion planting" model, the main planting in the young forest stage is honeysuckle "Beihua No. 1" and the companion plant is mint. Honeysuckle is planted in ridges with a row spacing of 1.2m and a plant spacing of 0.8m. Mint is sown in the ridges with a row spacing of 30cm and a plant spacing of 20cm. In the middle forest stage, the main planting is Polygonatum multiflorum and the companion plant is Polygonatum odoratum. Polygonatum is propagated by tubers. Polygonatum is sown in the ridges between the rows of Polygonatum. A simple shade net with a height of 1.2m is set up to control the midday sunlight rate in summer to ≤50%. In the near-mature forest stage, the main planting is Anoectochilus fusiforme and the companion plant is Bletilla striata. Anoectochilus fusiforme is propagated by cuttings on a trellis. Bletilla striata is planted in the gaps of the trellis.

5. The agroforestry management method based on eucalyptus and cash crops as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The dynamic water and fertilizer management in S4 specifically involves: laying drip irrigation networks along contour lines, setting up independent drip irrigation branches in eucalyptus and medicinal plant areas, and equipping them with soil moisture and light sensors and intelligent control valves to maintain the water content of the eucalyptus root layer at 60%-70%, honeysuckle at 55%-65% during its growth period, polygonatum at 60%-75%, and the cultivation substrate of Anoectochilus roxburghii at 75%-80%. In nutrient management, during the eucalyptus sapling stage, apply 0.1 kg / plant of N:P:K=3:1:2 compound fertilizer in trenches every month; during the middle forest stage, apply 0.2 kg / plant of N:P:K=2:1:3 compound fertilizer every 2 months; and during the near-mature forest stage, apply 0.3 kg / plant every 3 months and spray boron-zinc mixture in spring. Medicinal plants are fertilized according to variety, and the residues of medicinal plants and fallen eucalyptus leaves are composted into organic fertilizer for reuse. In winter, 50 kg / mu of calcined oyster shell powder is spread to adjust the acidity.

6. The agroforestry management method based on eucalyptus and cash crops as described in claim 1, characterized in that: S4 also includes a sub-step for targeted regulation of medicinal plant components: During the honeysuckle flowering period, spray a 0.2% foliar fertilizer containing a flavonoid synthesis promoter every 15 days; after applying potassium fertilizer during the tuber formation period of Polygonatum, spray a 0.3% polysaccharide promoter once in autumn; and after 3 months of cutting propagation of Anoectochilus roxburghii, spray a 0.2% saponin synthesis regulator once a month, simultaneously with a 0.1% humic acid foliar fertilizer and a 0.05% molybdenum-selenium trace element fertilizer.

7. The agroforestry management method based on eucalyptus and cash crops as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific control system in S5 is as follows: plant pyrethrum and artemisia around the forest area, plant salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower in the medicinal plant area, inoculate 50 kg of functional microbial agent containing antagonistic fungi and growth-promoting bacteria per mu in the "forest-medicine" area, set up sex pheromone traps every 5 mu, and monitor with high-definition cameras and health detection systems. The control will prioritize biological control such as Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, and ladybugs, supplemented by physical measures such as sticky insect boards and deep plowing and freezing. When necessary, biological pesticides such as matrine and kasugamycin will be selected, and the safe interval period will be strictly implemented.

8. The agroforestry management method based on eucalyptus and cash crops as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The harvesting and forest regeneration in S6 are as follows: honeysuckle is harvested in batches when the flower buds turn from green to white; polygonatum is harvested in autumn after 3 years of planting; golden thread lotus is harvested 8-10 months after cuttings, with 30% of the mother plants retained; eucalyptus is regenerated after 7-year-old main felling, with 2-3 strong sprouting branches retained; and medicinal plant varieties are re-adapted according to the growth stage of the sprouting forest to form a circular management model.

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