Eccentric shaft press-fitting automation device and press-fitting method

Abstract

The invention discloses an eccentric shaft press-fitting automation device and a press-fitting method, and relates to the technical field of eccentric shaft press-fitting. The device comprises a countertop, a visual inspection system, a lifting mechanism, a plurality of groups of cylinder assemblies and a press-fitting mechanism, wherein the countertop is provided with a positioning block for placing a shell; the visual detection system achieves shell position compensation through a camera, a fine adjustment stepping motor and a PLC. The lifting mechanism drives the shell to the reference height; the multiple air cylinder assemblies automatically complete shell transferring, bearing feeding and cam shaft positioning. The servo press-fitting electric cylinders on the two sides synchronously execute the three-section press-fitting stroke, and the depth error is smaller than or equal to 0.1 mm. The press fitting method comprises the steps of manual discharging, visual positioning and lifting, air cylinder positioning and transferring, bearing / camshaft automatic feeding and synchronous press fitting and resetting. Press fitting automation is achieved, precision and efficiency are improved, labor intensity is lowered, and stable product quality is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of eccentric shaft press-fitting technology, specifically to an automated eccentric shaft press-fitting device and press-fitting method. Background Technology

[0002] In the assembly process of eccentric shafts with bearings and housings, existing technologies typically employ manual flipping and step-by-step pressing using an 8T small press. This manual operation mode has significant technical drawbacks: First, the pressing depth relies on manual experience for control, making precise quantification impossible and resulting in large depth errors that directly affect product assembly accuracy. Second, during manual flipping and step-by-step pressing, the coaxiality of the bearings and housings on both sides is difficult to guarantee, easily leading to assembly misalignment, accelerated component wear, and reduced product lifespan. Third, manual operation requires frequent handling, positioning, and equipment startup, making the process cumbersome and labor-intensive. This not only results in low efficiency but also poses safety hazards due to operational errors. Furthermore, the uncertainty of manual intervention leads to poor product quality stability and difficulty in controlling consistency. These problems severely restrict production efficiency and product reliability, necessitating a specialized device capable of automated positioning, precise pressing control, and synchronous coaxiality adjustment to address the pain points of existing technologies.

[0003] Chinese Patent CN206286795U discloses an automated system for assembling bearings on eccentric shafts. This invention aims to solve the problems of low efficiency and poor assembly quality in manual bearing assembly on eccentric shafts, as well as issues related to high labor intensity and worker safety. The automated system for assembling bearings on eccentric shafts includes a worktable, a robot, a robot gripping component, and a pressing component. The gripping component is fixedly connected to the robot body, and the pressing component is fixedly connected to the worktable. The pressing component is used to press the bearings. The automated system also includes a flipping and centering component, fixedly connected to the worktable, used to flip and center the eccentric shaft. Due to these structures, the automated system can significantly improve the efficiency and quality of assembling eccentric shaft bearings, reducing assembly costs and worker labor intensity. The aforementioned device uses a unidirectional cylinder-driven pressing component to press the bearings. Its core relies on the cylinder thrust and mechanical limit control of the guide shaft to control the pressing process. The pressing stroke is mechanically limited by the cylinder stroke and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the actual position of the workpiece, resulting in a large error in the pressing depth. Therefore, it is imperative for those skilled in the art to solve the aforementioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned prior art by improving the accuracy of eccentric shaft pressing by pressing with voltage cylinders on both sides simultaneously, thereby improving the production quality of Pinxin shaft.

[0005] The technical solutions adopted in this invention are as follows:

[0006] An automated eccentric shaft press-fitting device includes: a table panel, wherein the table panel is provided with positioning blocks for manually placing the housing to be pressed and defining the initial placement position of the housing;

[0007] The vision inspection system includes a vision camera, two vision fine-tuning stepper motors, a proximity switch, and a PLC logic controller. The vision camera is located above the platform, and the two vision fine-tuning stepper motors control vertical and horizontal displacement respectively. The proximity switch is used to detect the origin position of the two stepper motors, and the PLC is used to receive position detection data from the vision camera and output control signals. The lifting mechanism includes a No. 1 servo lifting cylinder, which is located below the platform. Its lifting height is controlled by the PLC after receiving position compensation data from the vision inspection system, so as to lift the housing to a preset reference position.

[0008] The system comprises multiple cylinder assemblies, including a positioning cylinder, a displacement cylinder, a feeding cylinder, and an auxiliary positioning cylinder. The positioning cylinder is equipped with a magnetic ring sensor to detect the ejection state and is used for guiding and positioning the housing. The displacement cylinder is equipped with a magnetic ring sensor and is used to move the housing to the pressing position. The feeding cylinder is equipped with a magnetic ring sensor and a bearing support groove and is used for conveying and positioning the bearings one by one. The auxiliary positioning cylinder is equipped with a magnetic ring sensor and is used for guiding the camshaft to slide and pre-positioning it before pressing.

[0009] The pressing mechanism includes servo pressing electric cylinders symmetrically arranged on both sides. The servo pressing electric cylinders can receive instructions from the PLC logic controller and synchronously execute a three-stage pressing stroke to control the pressing depth and coaxiality.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, a complete automated eccentric shaft pressing system is constructed by integrating a platform, a vision inspection system, a lifting mechanism, multiple cylinder assemblies, and a pressing mechanism. The platform's positioning blocks solve the initial positioning problem of manually placing the housing, avoiding positional deviations caused by random placement. The vision inspection system, through the collaboration of a camera, a fine-tuning stepper motor, proximity switches, and a PLC, achieves dynamic compensation positioning of the housing, replacing manual visual alignment and significantly improving positioning accuracy. The servo electric cylinders of the lifting mechanism, in conjunction with PLC compensation control, ensure that the housing accurately reaches the reference height, solving the error problem of manual height adjustment. Multiple cylinder assemblies with magnetic ring sensors automate housing transfer, bearing feeding, and camshaft positioning, reducing manual intervention. The symmetrical servo pressing electric cylinders on both sides synchronously execute a three-stage stroke, fundamentally solving the depth error and coaxiality difference problems of manual step-by-step pressing. The overall solution, through the organic linkage of various components, transforms traditional manual operation into an automated process, significantly improving pressing accuracy, production efficiency, and operational safety, while reducing labor intensity.

[0011] Furthermore, the vision inspection system also includes a camera detection switch button. When the button is triggered, two vision fine-tuning stepper motors move to a preset position and confirm the origin through a proximity switch. The vision camera takes a picture to detect the position of the housing and transmits the data to the PLC. After data conversion and compensation, the PLC outputs a control signal to the No. 1 servo lifting cylinder.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the startup and execution logic of the vision inspection system is clarified. The process is triggered by the camera detection switch button to ensure operational controllability. Two vision fine-tuning stepper motors move to the preset position after the proximity switch detects the origin, avoiding the impact of cumulative motor errors on the positioning reference. The camera's captured data is converted and compensated by the PLC to drive the lifting cylinder, solving the randomness problem of manually starting vision inspection. Through stepper motor origin reset and PLC real-time compensation, the consistency of each positioning is ensured, avoiding positioning failures caused by motor drift or initial position deviation, improving the reliability of the vision inspection system and the stability of positioning results, and providing a prerequisite guarantee for subsequent pressing accuracy.

[0013] Furthermore, the feature is that the preset reference position of the lifting mechanism is the center height of the positioning cylinder; after the No. 1 servo lifting electric cylinder lifts to the position, the positioning cylinder pushes out the guide head to fit against both sides of the housing, and the push-out state of the positioning cylinder is fed back to the PLC through the magnetic ring sensor. After the fit is in place, the positioning cylinder retracts.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the reference position of the lifting mechanism is defined as the center height of the positioning cylinder, which unifies the target height of the housing lifting and avoids batch differences caused by inconsistent references. After the No. 1 lifting electric cylinder is in place, the positioning cylinder pushes out the guide head to fit against both sides of the housing. The magnetic ring sensor provides real-time feedback on the push-out status, replacing the subjectivity of manual visual judgment and ensuring that both sides of the housing are completely fitted. After the fit is in place, the cylinder automatically retracts, reducing mechanical interference to subsequent transfer processes. This design solves the error problem of manually adjusting the verticality of the housing by fixing the reference height and automating the fit detection, ensuring that the housing is in a precise centered state before pressing, laying the foundation for coaxiality control of synchronous pressing on both sides, and improving the smoothness of process connection.

[0015] Furthermore, in the multiple sets of cylinder assemblies:

[0016] The displacement cylinder is initially in the ejected state. After receiving the PLC signal, it retracts to pull the housing from the initial placement position to the pressing position of the pressing mechanism.

[0017] The feeding cylinder includes cylinders No. 4, No. 5 and No. 6 that operate in sequence. When cylinder No. 5 retracts, the bearing slides down through the material groove into the bearing support groove. After the proximity switch in the bearing support groove detects that the bearing is in place, cylinder No. 5 pushes out again. Cylinder No. 4 retracts to make the subsequent bearings slide down in sequence. Cylinder No. 6 pushes out to push the bearing to the pressing station.

[0018] The auxiliary positioning cylinders include cylinders 7, 8, 9 and 10. When cylinder 8 pushes out, the camshaft slides into the camshaft support groove. After the proximity switch detects that the camshaft is in position, cylinder 8 retracts. Cylinders 9 and 10 push out in sequence to achieve the pre-positioning of the camshaft.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the action logic of multiple sets of cylinder components is defined in detail. The displacement cylinder initially ejects and retracts after receiving a signal, realizing the automated transfer of the housing from the initial position to the pressing position, replacing manual handling. The feeding cylinders (No. 4-6) achieve orderly feeding of bearings one by one through the sequential linkage of cylinder No. 5 retraction, bearing sliding into the groove, proximity switch detection, cylinder No. 5 ejecting the closed material groove, and cylinder No. 4 retracting to feed, avoiding the problem of missing or overfeeding during manual feeding. The auxiliary positioning cylinders (No. 7-10) ensure the stability of the camshaft posture by cylinder No. 8 ejecting the guide slide, proximity switch detecting the camshaft's position, and cylinders No. 9-10 sequentially ejecting the pre-positioned cylinder. By clarifying the initial state and action coordination of each cylinder, the fully automated control of workpiece transfer, bearing feeding, and camshaft positioning is achieved, improving feeding efficiency and positioning accuracy, eliminating operational errors caused by manual intervention, and ensuring that the state of each component is consistent before pressing.

[0020] Furthermore, the three-stage pressing stroke of the pressing mechanism includes: the first stage is slow loading, which pauses after reaching the target position; the second stage is rapid movement to a designated position outside the housing, followed by a pause and speed change; the third stage is synchronous slow pressing by the two servo pressing cylinders on both sides, with a pressing depth error not exceeding 0.1mm, and synchronous retraction after pressing.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the pressing mechanism features a three-stage stroke: slow loading, rapid movement, and synchronous slow pressing. The first stage, slow loading, avoids impact damage when the bearing contacts the housing, protecting the workpiece surface. The second stage, rapid movement, shortens non-pressing time and improves the overall production cycle time. The third stage, synchronous slow pressing by electric cylinders on both sides, combined with precise PLC control, ensures pressing depth, and the synchronous movement on both sides fundamentally solves the coaxiality deviation problem of manual step-by-step pressing. This design, through stroke segmentation and speed matching, balances pressing quality and efficiency. The synchronous pressing mechanism effectively reduces eccentric wear of assembled parts, extends product life, and standardized stroke control ensures pressing consistency across different batches of products.

[0022] The present invention further discloses a pressing method for an automated eccentric shaft pressing device, which improves the pressing accuracy of eccentric shafts based on the automated eccentric shaft pressing device described in claims 1-5, and includes the following steps:

[0023] Step 1: Manually place the shell onto the positioning block on the countertop;

[0024] Step 2: Trigger the camera detection switch button of the vision inspection system to start vision positioning and lifting compensation: Two vision fine-tuning stepper motors run to the preset position and confirm the origin through the proximity switch. The vision camera takes a picture to detect the position of the housing and transmits the data to the PLC. After data conversion and compensation, the PLC controls the No. 1 servo lifting cylinder to lift the housing to the preset reference position.

[0025] Step 3: The positioning cylinder is activated to push out the guide head. After the magnetic ring sensor detects that the two sides of the housing are in place, the positioning cylinder retracts. The displacement cylinder receives the signal and retracts, moving the housing to the pressing position of the pressing mechanism.

[0026] Step 4: The feeding cylinder actuates to automatically feed the bearing: Cylinder 5 retracts, causing the bearing to slide into the bearing slot. After the proximity switch detects the bearing, Cylinder 5 pushes it out again. Cylinder 4 retracts, causing subsequent bearings to slide out in sequence. Cylinder 6 pushes out to push the bearing to the pressing station. Step 5: The auxiliary positioning cylinder actuates to achieve camshaft positioning: Cylinder 8 pushes out, causing the camshaft to slide into the camshaft slot. After the proximity switch detects that it is in position, Cylinder 8 retracts. Cylinders 9 and 10 push out in sequence to complete the camshaft pre-positioning.

[0027] Step 6: The two servo pressing cylinders on both sides synchronously execute the three-stage pressing stroke. After pressing into place, they retract synchronously. The displacement cylinder pushes out and moves the housing to the tabletop. The No. 1 servo lifting cylinder descends and resets.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solutions, the initial positioning of manual material feeding is limited, reducing the complexity of manual operation. The automated connection of vision positioning, lifting compensation, cylinder positioning and transfer, and automatic feeding of bearings and camshafts replaces the tedious operation of traditional manual flipping and step-by-step pressing. Synchronous three-stage pressing and automatic reset realize the process loop, limiting human participation to the simple material feeding stage. The entire subsequent process is executed automatically by the equipment, solving the problems of high labor intensity and low efficiency of manual operation. At the same time, through the automated control of each step, such as vision compensation, cylinder timing, and synchronous pressing, the accuracy of each step is ensured, improving product quality stability and meeting the needs of large-scale standardized production.

[0029] Furthermore, in step 2, the preset reference position is the center height of the positioning cylinder, and the lifting height of the No. 1 servo lifting electric cylinder is controlled by the PLC after ± compensation of the visual inspection data.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, the control logic for the lifting height in step 2 is clarified. Using the center height of the positioning cylinder as a reference, the PLC compensates for visual data. This solves the problem of initial housing placement deviations, such as height errors caused by lateral or longitudinal offsets during manual placement. The PLC dynamically adjusts the lifting height based on the actual position detected by vision, ensuring that the housing accurately reaches a unified reference position regardless of its initial placement. This avoids subsequent press-fitting misalignment due to reference deviations, improves the equipment's adaptability to tolerances of different batches of housings, and ensures the stability of positioning accuracy.

[0031] Furthermore, in step 3, after the positioning cylinder pushes out the guide head, the magnetic ring sensor feeds back the pushing-out status to the PLC. After confirming that the housing is in place, the PLC controls the positioning cylinder to retract and triggers the displacement cylinder to move.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution, after the positioning cylinder is ejected, the magnetic ring sensor provides feedback on the bonding status. After confirmation by the PLC, the cylinder is controlled to retract and trigger the displacement cylinder to move. This design replaces the subjective operation of manually judging whether the shell is properly bonded. The magnetic ring sensor enables objective detection of the bonding status, avoiding inaccurate positioning caused by human error. At the same time, the PLC automatically triggers subsequent actions, reducing manual button operation steps, improving the automation level of process connection, and ensuring that the shell is in a fully bonded state before being transferred to the pressing position, thus guaranteeing the coaxiality of the pressing.

[0033] Furthermore, in step 4, after the proximity switch in the bearing support groove detects the bearing, cylinder 5 pushes out again to seal the material groove, and cylinder 4 retracts, causing the bearings in the material groove to slide down into the bearing support groove in sequence under the action of gravity.

[0034] By adopting the above technical solution, the closed-loop control of bearing feeding is achieved. After the bearing is detected by the bearing tray proximity switch, cylinder 5 pushes out to close the material tray, and cylinder 4 retracts to allow subsequent bearings to slide down. This mechanism solves the problems of excessive or leaking material that easily occur with traditional manual feeding. The proximity switch confirms that a single bearing is in place, cylinder 5 closes the material tray to prevent continuous slippage, and cylinder 4 retracts to achieve orderly feeding. This ensures that only one bearing enters the pressing station each time, improving the accuracy and continuity of bearing feeding and avoiding equipment jamming or pressing failure due to excessive material.

[0035] Furthermore, in step 6, the three-stage pressing stroke specifically includes:

[0036] First stage of the stroke: The servo pressing electric cylinders on both sides slowly load the material, pause after reaching the position, and the No. 6 feeding cylinder and the No. 7 auxiliary positioning cylinder return to the initial position.

[0037] Second stage of stroke: The servo press-fitting electric cylinders on both sides move rapidly to the designated position outside the housing, and the speed change is paused;

[0038] The third stage of the stroke: the two servo pressing cylinders on both sides press slowly and synchronously, with a pressing depth error of no more than 0.1mm. After reaching the position, they retract synchronously, the displacement cylinder pushes out and moves the housing to the tabletop, and the No. 1 servo lifting cylinder lowers and resets.

[0039] By adopting the above technical solution, the three-stage pressing process involves coordinated actions: in the first stage, cylinders 6-7 retract to avoid interfering with the pressing path; in the second stage, rapid movement shortens the idle stroke time; and in the third stage, synchronous slow pressing controls the depth error to ≤0.1mm. After pressing, the housing is automatically transferred and the lifting electric cylinder resets. This design solves the problems of low efficiency and poor accuracy in manual step-by-step pressing by using cylinder avoidance, speed optimization, and synchronous control during the pressing process. Automated reset prepares for the next cycle, improving the equipment's continuous operation capability; synchronous pressing and precise depth control ensure product assembly quality, reduce rework rates caused by poor pressing, and comprehensively improve production efficiency and product reliability.

[0040] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0041] 1. This invention integrates a vision inspection system, a PLC logic controller, multiple sets of cylinder assemblies with magnetic ring sensors, and symmetrical servo pressing electric cylinders on both sides to construct a fully automated control system from housing positioning, bearing feeding, camshaft pre-positioning to synchronous pressing, replacing traditional manual step-by-step operation, reducing manual intervention, significantly improving operational safety and reducing labor intensity;

[0042] 2. This invention uses a vision camera to take pictures and detect, a stepper motor to reset the origin and a PLC to compensate and control in real time. Combined with a servo lifting cylinder to accurately lift the housing to the reference height, and with the servo pressing cylinders on both sides to synchronously execute a three-stage pressing stroke (depth error ≤ 0.1mm), it fundamentally solves the problems of positioning deviation, depth error and coaxiality difference in manual pressing, and greatly improves pressing accuracy and product quality stability.

[0043] 3. This invention shortens non-pressing time and achieves continuous process connection by using the sequential linkage of multiple sets of cylinder components (such as the feeding cylinder controlling the bearings to slide down one by one, and the displacement cylinder automatically moving the housing) and the rapid movement stage in the three-stage pressing stroke, thereby effectively improving the production cycle and overall production efficiency.

[0044] 4. This invention adopts a specialized integrated structure design, with servo electric cylinders and pneumatic cylinders as the core actuators, and uses magnetic ring sensors and proximity switches to achieve real-time status feedback, avoiding redundant mechanical structures, simplifying equipment layout and reducing maintenance difficulty. At the same time, the design of positioning blocks and fixed reference heights ensures the organic linkage of various components, improving the reliability and adaptability of equipment operation. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the housing to be assembled according to the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the shell positioning and imaging process of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the lifting of the positioned housing according to the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the positioning cylinder of the present invention contacting and clamping with both sides of the housing;

[0050] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the separation of the positioning cylinder from both sides of the housing in this invention.

[0051] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the No. 1 servo lifting cylinder of the present invention before resetting;

[0052] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the No. 1 servo lifting cylinder of the present invention after resetting;

[0053] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the bearing to be assembled according to the present invention being placed in the bearing groove;

[0054] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the bearing of the present invention sliding into the bearing bracket.

[0055] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the eccentric shaft slide table being moved by the lifting of cylinder No. 8 of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of how the No. 9 cylinder of the present invention drives the bearing to rise to a preset position;

[0057] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the bearing for pressing the cylinder No. 10 of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the first stage of the feeding process in this invention;

[0059] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram showing the cylinder retracting after the loading process is complete according to the present invention;

[0060] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the second segment of the stroke in this invention;

[0061] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the synchronous pressing process in the third stage of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the displacement cylinder ejection housing and the material platform of the present invention.

[0063] The components are as follows: 1-Tabletop; 2-Positioning block; 3-Vision camera; 4-Vision fine-tuning stepper motor; 5-Proximity switch; 6-PLC logic controller; 7-Servo lifting cylinder No. 1; 8-Positioning cylinder; 9-Displacement cylinder; 10-Cylinder No. 4; 11-Cylinder No. 5; 12-Cylinder No. 6; 13-Cylinder No. 7; 14-Cylinder No. 8; 15-Cylinder No. 9; 16-Cylinder No. 10; 17-Servo press-fitting cylinder; 18-Coaxial cylinder; 19-Eccentric shaft slide; 20-Bearing; 21-Housing. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.

[0065] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "left side," "right side," "upper part," "lower part," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. "First," "second," etc., do not indicate the importance of the components, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. The specific dimensions used in this embodiment are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of this invention.

[0066] Reference Figure 1As can be seen, this invention discloses an automated eccentric shaft press-fitting device. The device uses a bearing support groove 1 on a platform as the basic load-bearing component, with a positioning block 2 fixed to its top surface to define the initial placement position of the housing 21 to be press-fitted. In the vision inspection system, a vision camera 3 is mounted directly above the platform 1. Two vision micro-adjustment stepper motors 4 achieve vertical and horizontal displacement adjustment respectively. A proximity switch 5 is located next to the motor to detect the origin position. The control signals of the camera and stepper motors are integrated and processed by a PLC logic controller 6. The first servo lifting cylinder 7 of the lifting mechanism is vertically installed directly below the platform 1. Its piston rod can penetrate upwards through the corresponding through hole in the platform 1. The lifting height is dynamically compensated by the PLC after receiving vision inspection data, so as to accurately lift the housing 21 to the preset reference position at the center height of the positioning cylinder 8. In the multi-cylinder assembly, the positioning cylinder 8 is horizontally and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the platform 1, with its piston rod end connected to a guide head for guiding and positioning against both sides of the housing 21 after ejection; the displacement cylinder 9 is horizontally installed below the platform 1 on the side near the positioning block 2, initially with its piston rod ejected to the edge of the housing 21, and retracting after receiving a signal to pull the housing 21 to the press-fit position; the feeding cylinder group, including cylinders 4 (10), 5 (11), and 6 (12), is integrated into the bearing feeding area on one side of the platform 1. Cylinder 11 is linked to the bearing support groove, cylinder 4 controls the opening and closing of the material chute, and cylinder 6 is vertically upward to push the bearing 20 to the pressing station. The auxiliary positioning cylinder group includes cylinders 7 (13), 8 (14), 9 (15), and 10 (16) corresponding to the camshaft feeding path. When cylinder 8 (14) pushes out, it guides the camshaft to slide into the camshaft support groove. Cylinders 9 (15) and 10 (16) push out vertically to achieve the pre-positioning of the camshaft. Each cylinder has a built-in magnetic ring sensor to provide feedback on the action status. The servo pressing electric cylinders 17 of the pressing mechanism are symmetrically installed on both sides of the pressing position. Their axis is coaxial with the pressing hole of the housing 21. They can receive PLC commands to synchronously execute the three-stage pressing stroke, ensuring the synchronicity and depth accuracy of the pressing actions on both sides. Each component is rigidly connected to the platform 1 or the equipment frame via a mechanical bracket, and all electrical signals are connected to the PLC logic controller 6 to form a closed-loop control, realizing full-process automated coordination from positioning, feeding to pressing.

[0067] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3As can be seen, the operator first manually places the housing 21 to be pressed onto the positioning block 2 on the platform 1 to complete the initial positioning; then presses the camera detection switch button 18 of the vision inspection system to trigger the positioning process. At this time, the two vision fine-tuning stepper motors 4 move to the preset positions in the vertical and horizontal directions respectively, and the motor origin position is confirmed by the proximity switch 5; after the stepper motors are in position, the vision camera 3 takes a picture of the housing 21 and transmits the position detection data to the PLC logic controller 6. The PLC performs preset value conversion and ± compensation calculation on the received vision data, generates a control signal and outputs it to the No. 1 servo lifting cylinder 7; after receiving the signal, the No. 1 servo lifting cylinder 7 lifts upward, driving the housing 21 to move vertically until the center of the housing 21 reaches the preset reference position of the center height of the positioning cylinder 8 and stops, completing the lifting and positioning action.

[0068] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As can be seen, after the No. 1 servo lifting electric cylinder 7 is lifted into position, its built-in position sensor transmits the position signal to the PLC logic controller 6. After receiving the signal, the PLC logic controller 6 immediately outputs a control command to the positioning cylinder 8 (formerly the No. 2 coaxial cylinder), driving the piston rod of the positioning cylinder 8 to push out the guide head. The guide head moves to both sides of the housing 21 to achieve a close guide. The magnetic ring sensor built into the positioning cylinder 8 detects the piston rod's extension status in real time and continuously feeds back the position signal to the PLC logic controller 6. When the guide head is fully in contact with both sides of the housing 21, the magnetic ring sensor sends a signal to the PLC logic controller 6. After receiving this signal, the PLC logic controller 6 immediately outputs a reverse control command to the positioning cylinder 8, driving the piston rod to move the guide head back to the initial position, completing the guiding positioning and release action of the housing 21.

[0069] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 7 , Figure 8 As can be seen, after the No. 1 servo lifting electric cylinder 7 is lifted into position, the operator manually activates the independent switch of the positioning cylinder 8. After receiving the signal, the positioning cylinder 8 pushes out the guide head, which moves to both sides of the housing 21 to achieve fitting and positioning. During the process of the guide head being pushed out, the operator visually observes the fitting state between the two sides of the housing 21 and the guide head. After confirming that the fitting is in place, the magnetic ring sensor 20 built into the positioning cylinder 8 detects the push-out signal and feeds it back to the PLC logic controller 6. The PLC 6 then outputs a control signal to the positioning cylinder 8, controlling its piston rod to drive the guide head back to the initial position, completing the guiding, positioning and releasing action of the housing 21.

[0070] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 9 and Figure 10It can be seen that the operator manually places the bearing 20 into the trough, and the bearing 20 slides freely to the initial position due to the slope of the trough. At this time, the initial state of cylinder 4 10 is to push out, blocking the subsequent bearings 20 to prevent continuous sliding. The initial state of cylinder 5 11 is to push out to close the bearing slot entrance. When the system receives the feeding signal, cylinder 5 11 retracts, the bearing slot entrance opens, and the bearing 20 in the trough automatically falls into the bearing slot under the action of gravity. After the proximity switch 5 in the bearing slot detects that the bearing 20 has arrived, it sends a signal to the PLC logic controller 6. The PLC then controls cylinder 5 11 to push out again to close the bearing slot entrance to prevent the subsequent bearings 20 from falling accidentally. At the same time, it controls cylinder 4 10 to retract, and the subsequent bearings 20 in the trough slide down to the initial position under the action of the slope. Cylinder 4 10 pushes out again to block the next shaft. The bearing 20 is conveyed in an orderly manner for a single operation. After the proximity switch 5 in the bearing slot detects that the bearing 20 is in place, it transmits a signal to the PLC logic controller 6. After receiving the signal, the PLC 6 outputs a control command to cylinder 6 12, which is initially in the retracted state. Cylinder 6 12 pushes upward, driving the bearing 20 to move vertically to the center position of the servo pressing cylinder 17. The position of cylinder 6 12 is fed back to the PLC 6 through its built-in magnetic ring sensor. After confirming that cylinder 6 12 is in place, the PLC 6 outputs a control command to cylinder 7 13, which is initially in the retracted state. Cylinder 7 13 pushes downward, and its piston rod end presses the bearing 20 to achieve fixation. The position of cylinder 7 13 is fed back to the PLC 6 through its built-in magnetic ring sensor. After fixation is completed, it waits for the servo pressing cylinder 17 to perform the loading action.

[0071] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 11 , Figure 12 and Figure 13It can be seen that after the displacement cylinder 9 reaches its position, its built-in magnetic ring sensor transmits the position signal to the PLC logic controller 6. Upon receiving the signal, the PLC logic controller 6 immediately outputs a control command to cylinder 8 14, which is initially in the retracted state. Cylinder 8 14 pushes upward, guiding the eccentric shaft or camshaft to automatically slide down the preset groove into the eccentric shaft support groove or camshaft support groove by gravity. The proximity switch 5 in the groove detects that the eccentric shaft has reached its position and feeds back the signal to the PLC logic controller 6. The PLC logic controller 6 then controls cylinder 8 14 to retract to its initial position. After cylinder 8 14 retracts to its position, the PLC logic controller 6 sends a control command to the PLC logic controller 6. Cylinder 9, initially in the retracted position, outputs an ejection command, causing it to eject upwards and push the eccentric shaft to the center position of the servo pressing cylinder 17, which serves as the pressing reference position. The ejection status of cylinder 9 is fed back to the PLC logic controller 6 via a built-in magnetic ring sensor. After confirming that cylinder 9 is in position, the PLC logic controller 6 controls cylinder 10, initially in the retracted position, to eject downwards. The piston rod end of cylinder 10 presses against the eccentric shaft to achieve pre-fixation. The ejection status of cylinder 10 is fed back to the PLC logic controller 6 via a built-in magnetic ring sensor. After fixing is completed, the system waits for the servo pressing cylinder 17 to perform the loading action.

[0072] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 14 , Figure 15 , Figure 16 , Figure 17 and Figure 18It can be seen that the PLC logic controller 6 outputs a start command to the bearing position of the servo pressing cylinder 17 on one side. This cylinder performs the first stroke: slow loading. After reaching the position, it feeds back a signal to the PLC6 through the built-in position sensor and stops moving. The PLC6 then outputs a retraction command to cylinders 6 (12) and 7 (13). Cylinder 6 (12) initially pushes out and retracts downward to its initial position, while cylinder 7 (13) initially presses the bearing and retracts upward to its initial position. The retraction status of both cylinders is fed back to the PLC6 through the built-in magnetic ring sensor 20. After confirming the cylinder retraction, the PLC6 controls the servo pressing cylinder 17 at the bearing position to perform the second stroke: quickly move to the designated position outside the housing 21. After reaching the position, it pauses speed change and waits for a synchronization signal. At the same time, the PLC6 outputs a start command to the eccentric shaft position of the servo pressing cylinder 17 on the other side. This cylinder performs the first stroke: slow loading and retracts. Then, the built-in position sensor feeds back a signal to PLC6 and pauses the movement. PLC6 then outputs a retraction command to cylinders 9 (15) and 10 (16). Cylinder 9 (15) initially ejects and retracts downward to its initial position, while cylinder 10 (16) initially presses against the eccentric shaft and retracts upward to its initial position. The retraction status of both cylinders is fed back to PLC6 via the built-in magnetic ring sensor 20. After confirming the cylinder retraction, PLC6 controls the eccentric shaft servo pressing cylinder 17 to execute the second stroke: quickly move to the designated position outside the housing 21, and pause speed change after reaching the designated position. When both servo pressing cylinders 17 reach the designated position and feed back a signal to PLC6 via the position sensor, PLC6 synchronously outputs a third stroke command to both cylinders: synchronous slow pressing until the pressing depth error is ≤0.1mm, which is detected by the cylinder's built-in position sensor. After reaching the designated position, pressing stops synchronously.

[0073] The present invention further discloses a pressing method of an automated eccentric shaft pressing device, which realizes rapid pressing of eccentric shafts and improves accuracy by using an automated eccentric shaft pressing device. Specifically, it includes the following steps: Step 1: Manually place the housing 21 onto the positioning block 2 of the table panel 1.

[0074] Step 2: Trigger the camera detection switch button of the vision inspection system to start vision positioning and lifting compensation: the two vision fine-tuning stepper motors 4 run to the preset position and confirm the origin through the proximity switch 5. The vision camera 3 takes pictures to detect the position of the housing 21 and transmits the data to the PLC. After data conversion and compensation, the PLC controls the No. 1 servo lifting cylinder 7 to lift the housing 21 to the preset reference position.

[0075] Step 3: Start the positioning cylinder 8 to push out the guide head. After the magnetic ring sensor detects that the two sides of the housing 21 are in place, the positioning cylinder 8 retracts. The displacement cylinder 9 receives the signal and retracts, moving the housing 21 to the pressing position of the pressing mechanism.

[0076] Step 4: The feeding cylinder action realizes the automatic feeding of bearing 20: Cylinder 5 11 retracts to make bearing 20 slide into bearing bracket. After proximity switch 5 detects bearing 20, cylinder 5 11 pushes out again. Cylinder 4 10 retracts to make subsequent bearings 20 slide down in sequence. Cylinder 6 12 pushes out to push bearing 20 to press-fit station.

[0077] Step 5: The auxiliary positioning cylinder 8 moves to achieve camshaft positioning: Cylinder 8 14 pushes out to make the camshaft slide into the camshaft support groove. After the proximity switch 5 detects that it is in position, cylinder 8 14 retracts. Cylinder 9 15 and Cylinder 10 16 push out in sequence to complete the camshaft pre-positioning.

[0078] Step 6: The two servo pressing cylinders 17 on both sides synchronously execute the three-stage pressing stroke. After pressing into place, they retract synchronously. The displacement cylinder 9 pushes out and moves the housing 21 to the tabletop 1. The servo lifting cylinder 7 7 descends and resets.

[0079] First, the operator manually places the housing 21 to be pressed onto the positioning block 2 on the table panel 1 to complete the initial positioning. Then, the camera detection switch button of the vision inspection system is triggered, and the two vision fine-tuning stepper motors 4 move to the preset position and confirm the origin through the proximity switch 5. The vision camera 3 takes a picture to detect the position of the housing 21 and transmits the data to the PLC logic controller 6. After data conversion and ± compensation, the PLC controls the No. 1 servo lifting cylinder 7 to lift the housing 21 to the preset reference position at the center height of the positioning cylinder 8. The positioning cylinder 8 pushes out the guide head to fit against both sides of the housing 21. After the magnetic ring sensor detects that the fit is in place, the positioning cylinder 8 retracts. After receiving the signal, the displacement cylinder 9 retracts from the initial push-out state and moves the housing 21 to the pressing position of the pressing mechanism. The feeding cylinder group action realizes the automatic feeding of the bearing 20: the No. 5 cylinder 11 retracts, causing the bearing 20 to slide into the bearing tray. After the proximity switch 5 in the tray detects the bearing 20, Cylinder 5 (11) pushes out of the closed material trough again, and cylinder 4 (10) retracts, allowing the subsequent bearings 20 to slide down sequentially under gravity. Cylinder 6 (12) pushes out to push the bearings 20 to the pressing station. The auxiliary positioning cylinder group operates synchronously: cylinder 8 (14) pushes out to make the camshaft slide into the camshaft support groove. After proximity switch 5 detects the position, cylinder 8 (14) retracts, and cylinders 9 (15) and 10 (16) push out sequentially to complete the camshaft pre-positioning. Finally, the two servo pressing cylinders 17 simultaneously execute a three-stage pressing stroke: the first stage is slow loading and pauses after reaching the position, and cylinders 6 (feeding cylinder) and 7 (auxiliary positioning cylinder) return to their initial positions; the second stage is rapid movement to the designated position outside the housing 21 and then pauses speed change; the third stage is synchronous slow pressing, with a pressing depth error of no more than 0.1mm. After reaching the position, the cylinder retracts synchronously, displacement cylinder 9 pushes out to move the housing 21 to the platform 1, and servo lifting cylinder 7 lowers and resets, completing the entire pressing process.

[0080] Working principle: Based on the platform 1, the operator manually places the housing 21 onto the positioning block 2 to complete the initial positioning. After triggering the vision detection system, the two vision fine-tuning stepper motors 4 reset their origins via proximity switches 5. The vision camera 3 takes pictures to detect the position of the housing 21. The data is converted and compensated by the PLC logic controller 6, which then drives the No. 1 servo lifting cylinder 7 to lift the housing 21 to the center height of the positioning cylinder 8. The positioning cylinder 8 pushes out the guide head to fit against both sides of the housing 21. After the magnetic ring sensor confirms that it is in place, it retracts. The displacement cylinder 9 then moves the housing 21 to the pressure... Positioning: The feeding cylinder group retracts through cylinder 5 (11) to allow bearing 20 to slide into the tray. After detection by proximity switch 5, cylinder 5 (11) closes the material trough, cylinder 4 (10) supplies material, and cylinder 6 (12) pushes bearing 20 to the pressing station. The auxiliary positioning cylinder group simultaneously guides the camshaft to slide into the tray through cylinder 8 (14), and cylinders 9 (15) and 10 (16) pre-position. Finally, the two servo pressing cylinders 17 on both sides receive PLC instructions. The depth error of the three-stage stroke is ≤0.1mm. After pressing is completed, displacement cylinder 9 moves housing 21 and lifting cylinder 7 (7) resets. Visual inspection and servo lifting compensation replace manual positioning, solving the depth error problem; the synchronous action of the servo pressing electric cylinders on both sides fundamentally eliminates the coaxiality deviation caused by step-by-step pressing; multiple sets of cylinders and sensors work together to automate feeding and positioning, reducing manual intervention, lowering labor intensity and improving efficiency; PLC closed-loop control and real-time feedback from magnetic ring sensors and proximity switches ensure stable pressing quality and avoid the impact of the uncertainty of manual operation on product life.

[0081] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various equivalent transformations can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these equivalent transformations all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automated device for eccentric shaft press fitting, characterized in that, include: A table panel (1) is provided with a positioning block (2) for manually placing the housing (21) to be pressed and limiting the initial placement position of the housing (21); The visual inspection system includes a visual camera (3), two visual fine-tuning stepper motors (4), a proximity switch (5), and a PLC logic controller (6). The visual camera (3) is located above the table panel (1). The two visual fine-tuning stepper motors (4) control the vertical and horizontal displacements respectively. The proximity switch (5) is used to detect the origin position of the two stepper motors. The PLC is used to receive the position detection data of the visual camera (3) and output control signals. The lifting mechanism includes a No. 1 servo lifting electric cylinder (7), which is located below the platform (1). Its lifting height is controlled by receiving position compensation data from the vision detection system via PLC, so as to lift the housing (21) to a preset reference position. Multiple sets of cylinder assemblies, including a positioning cylinder (8), a displacement cylinder (9), a feeding cylinder, and an auxiliary positioning cylinder (8). The positioning cylinder (8) is equipped with a magnetic ring sensor to detect the ejection state and is used for guiding and positioning the housing (21). The displacement cylinder (9) is equipped with a magnetic ring sensor and is used to move the housing (21) to the pressing position. The feeding cylinder is equipped with a magnetic ring sensor and a bearing bracket and is used for conveying and positioning the bearings (20) one by one. The auxiliary positioning cylinder (8) is equipped with a magnetic ring sensor and is used for guiding the camshaft to slide and pre-positioning before pressing. The pressing mechanism includes servo pressing electric cylinders (17) symmetrically arranged on both sides. The servo pressing electric cylinders (17) can receive instructions from the PLC logic controller (6) and synchronously execute a three-stage pressing stroke to control the pressing depth and coaxiality.

2. The eccentric shaft press-fitting automated device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vision inspection system also includes a camera detection switch button. After the button is triggered, two vision fine-tuning stepper motors (4) run to the preset position and confirm the origin through the proximity switch (5). The vision camera (3) takes a picture to detect the position of the housing (21) and transmits the data to the PLC. After data conversion and compensation, the PLC outputs a control signal to the No. 1 servo lifting cylinder (7).

3. The eccentric shaft press-fitting automated device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset reference position of the lifting mechanism is the center height of the positioning cylinder (8); after the No. 1 servo lifting electric cylinder (7) is lifted into place, the positioning cylinder (8) pushes out the guide head to fit the two sides of the housing (21). The push-out state of the positioning cylinder (8) is fed back to the PLC through the magnetic ring sensor. After the fit is in place, the positioning cylinder (8) retracts.

4. The eccentric shaft press-fitting automated device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the multiple sets of cylinder assemblies: The displacement cylinder (9) is initially in the ejected state. After receiving the PLC signal, it retracts to pull the housing (21) from the initial placement position to the pressing position of the pressing mechanism. The feeding cylinder includes cylinder 4 (10), cylinder 5 (11) and cylinder 6 (12) that operate in sequence. When cylinder 5 (11) retracts, the bearing (20) slides down through the material groove to the bearing support groove. After the proximity switch (5) in the bearing support groove detects that the bearing (20) is in place, cylinder 5 (11) pushes out again. Cylinder 4 (10) retracts to make the subsequent bearings (20) slide down in sequence. Cylinder 6 (12) pushes out to push the bearing (20) to the pressing station. The auxiliary positioning cylinder (8) includes cylinder 7 (13), cylinder 8 (14), cylinder 9 (15) and cylinder 10 (16). When cylinder 8 (14) pushes out, the camshaft slides into the camshaft support groove. After the proximity switch (5) detects that the camshaft is in position, cylinder 8 (14) retracts. Cylinder 9 (15) and cylinder 10 (16) push out in sequence to achieve the pre-positioning of the camshaft.

5. The eccentric shaft press-fitting automated device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-stage pressing stroke of the pressing mechanism includes: the first stage is slow loading, which pauses after reaching the position; the second stage is rapid movement to the designated position outside the housing (21), which pauses the speed change; the third stage is synchronous slow pressing by the two servo pressing electric cylinders (17), with a pressing depth error not exceeding 0.1mm, and synchronous retraction after pressing.

6. A pressing method for an automated eccentric shaft pressing device, characterized in that, The automated eccentric shaft press-fitting device according to claims 1-5 improves the press-fitting accuracy of eccentric shafts by comprising the following steps: Step 1: Manually place the shell (21) onto the positioning block (2) of the tabletop (1); Step 2: Trigger the camera detection switch button of the vision inspection system to start vision positioning and lifting compensation: the two vision fine-tuning stepper motors (4) run to the preset position and confirm the origin through the proximity switch (5). The vision camera (3) takes pictures to detect the position of the housing (21) and transmits the data to the PLC. After data conversion and compensation, the PLC controls the No. 1 servo lifting cylinder (7) to lift the housing (21) to the preset reference position. Step 3: Start the positioning cylinder (8) to push out the guide head. After the magnetic ring sensor detects that the two sides of the housing (21) are in place, the positioning cylinder (8) retracts. The displacement cylinder (9) retracts after receiving the signal and moves the housing (21) to the pressing position of the pressing mechanism. Step 4: The feeding cylinder action realizes the automatic feeding of bearing (20): Cylinder No. 5 (11) retracts to make the bearing (20) slide into the bearing bracket. After the proximity switch (5) detects the bearing (20), Cylinder No. 5 (11) pushes out again. Cylinder No. 4 (10) retracts to make the subsequent bearings (20) slide down in sequence. Cylinder No. 6 (12) pushes out to push the bearing (20) to the pressing station. Step 5: The auxiliary positioning cylinder (8) moves to achieve camshaft positioning: Cylinder 8 (14) pushes out to make the camshaft slide into the camshaft support groove. After the proximity switch (5) detects that it is in place, Cylinder 8 (14) retracts. Cylinder 9 (15) and Cylinder 10 (16) push out in sequence to complete the camshaft pre-positioning. Step 6: The two servo pressing cylinders (17) simultaneously execute the three-stage pressing stroke. After pressing into place, they retract synchronously. The displacement cylinder (9) pushes out and moves the housing (21) to the tabletop (1). The No. 1 servo lifting cylinder (7) descends and resets.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 2, the preset reference position is the center height of the positioning cylinder (8), and the lifting height of the No. 1 servo lifting electric cylinder (7) is controlled by the PLC after ± compensation of the visual inspection data.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 3, after the positioning cylinder (8) pushes out the guide head, the magnetic ring sensor feeds back the push-out status to the PLC. After confirming that the housing (21) is in place, the PLC controls the positioning cylinder (8) to retract and triggers the displacement cylinder (9) to move.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 4, after the proximity switch (5) in the bearing tray detects the bearing (20), cylinder 5 (11) pushes out again to close the material tray, and cylinder 4 (10) retracts to make the bearing (20) in the material tray slide down into the bearing tray in sequence under the action of gravity.

10. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 6, the three-stage pressing stroke specifically includes: First segment of the stroke: The two servo pressing electric cylinders (17) slowly load the material, pause after reaching the position, and the feeding cylinder No. 6 and the auxiliary positioning cylinder No. 7 (8) return to the initial position. Second stroke: The two servo press-fit electric cylinders (17) move quickly to the designated position outside the housing (21) and pause the speed change; The third stroke: the two servo pressing cylinders (17) press slowly in sync, with a pressing depth error of no more than 0.1mm. After reaching the position, they retract synchronously. The displacement cylinder (9) pushes out and moves the housing (21) to the tabletop (1). The No. 1 servo lifting cylinder (7) lowers and resets.

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