Multi-fragment photovoltaic module design method and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-fragment photovoltaic module design method and a photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module comprises a laminated piece, a frame and a water-blocking sealant located at the outer side of a packaging layer, and a battery string group formed by connecting a plurality of small fragment battery pieces in series is arranged in the laminated piece. According to the design method, an optimization model is constructed, the maximum layout number of battery strings is taken as a target, variables are the width of a water-blocking sealant and the distance between battery pieces, and constraint conditions cover the size of a cover plate, the position of a bus bar, the creepage distance and other parameters. According to the method, on the premise that the IEC safety standard is met, the optimal width of the butyl rubber strip and the maximum arrangement number of the battery pieces are calculated, more three-piece or four-piece battery pieces are placed in the determined model, and therefore the power density of the module is improved. Meanwhile, by optimizing the distance between the battery pieces, the difficulty of the production process is reduced, and the production yield is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of photovoltaic module design technology, and in particular relates to a design method for multi-cell photovoltaic modules and a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] In the photovoltaic industry, cutting solar cells into smaller slabs (such as the common 1 / 2 slab) can reduce current transmission losses, thereby reducing encapsulation losses and increasing module power. However, when attempting even smaller slabs (such as 1 / 3 or 1 / 4 slabs), the total length of the cell string that can be arranged on the glass panel is limited due to the size constraints of the module glass (e.g., the standard 2382 model has a glass size of 2376mm). Compared to a full cell or 1 / 2 slab, the total number of cells in a single cell string increases exponentially with smaller 1 / 3 or 1 / 4 slabs, leading to an increase in the number of gaps in the entire cell string. Since the number of gaps is one less than the number of cells, the proportion of the total length formed by the gaps in the entire cell string may be higher. To solve this technical problem, existing technologies typically use negative spacing (i.e., partial overlap of cells) to address the issue of excessively large gaps preventing the arrangement of a set number of cells within a limited length. For example, patent CN120980966A discloses a photovoltaic module and its manufacturing method. However, this negative spacing introduces some drawbacks: (1) The overlapping parts of the solar cells do not generate electricity, resulting in waste; (2) There are reliability risks in the overlapping parts, such as hidden cracks and fragments; (3) Additional buffer structures are required, such as membrane plugs, which incur additional costs; (4) Even with a buffer structure, the risk of fragmentation is still high.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to design a multi-segment photovoltaic module design method to avoid negative spacing while allowing for the placement of more cell segments to ensure the set minimum power generation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this application is to provide a design method and a photovoltaic module for multi-cell photovoltaic modules. By constructing an optimization design model with the maximum number of cells as the objective and the butyl rubber width and cell spacing as variables, the technical problem of how to simultaneously meet electrical safety, power density and production yield in the design of high-density small-cell photovoltaic modules is solved. This achieves the technical effect of maximizing the number of cells and increasing module power within a given pattern, and optimizing the production process window to improve mass production feasibility.

[0005] This application achieves the above objective through the following technical solution: a multi-cell photovoltaic module design method, comprising solving for maximizing the total number of small-cell solar panel layouts along a first direction on the cover plate according to an optimization model. The optimization model includes inequalities, variables, associated parameters, a solution objective, and constraints, wherein the inequalities are: ; The variables include the spacing L5 between two adjacent cells in a single battery string, the width W1 of the water-blocking sealant, and the number of cells in a single battery string. ; The associated parameters include cover plate size L1, distance L2 from the outermost edge of the end busbar to the edge of the adjacent battery string, battery cell length L3, width W2 of the middle busbar, distance L4 from the middle busbar to the edge of the adjacent battery string, and number N1 of the middle busbars. The objective of the solution is: ; The constraints include: Constraint 1: It is an integer, and ; Constraint 2: N1 equals 0 or 1; Constraint 3: mm.

[0006] Furthermore, in constraint 1, The range of values ​​for is: In constraint 3, the range of values ​​for the cell length L3 is: mm.

[0007] Furthermore, the range of values ​​for the spacing L5 is as follows: mm.

[0008] Furthermore, the water-blocking sealant is a butyl rubber strip, and the width W1 of the butyl rubber strip is 3.5~4mm.

[0009] Furthermore, the constraints also include constraint 4-1 or constraint 4-2; the associated parameters also include minimum creepage distance L6; The constraint 4-1 is: when a water-blocking layer is provided between the interfaces of the frame-covered laminates in a multi-segment photovoltaic module, the width W1 of the water-blocking sealant satisfies: ; Wherein, H1 is the thickness of the encapsulation layer; H2 is the thickness of the first cover plate; W3 is the width of the water-blocking layer covering the first cover plate; H3 is the thickness of the water-blocking layer; The constraint 4-2 is: when no water-blocking layer is provided, the width W1 of the water-blocking sealant satisfies: .

[0010] Furthermore, before solving the optimization model, the minimum width of the butyl rubber strip is determined according to constraint 4-1 or constraint 4-2. Minimum width of butyl rubber As known parameters, they are then substituted into the optimization model to satisfy... Given the given mm, the solution maximizes the total number of small-segment battery cell layouts. .

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for designing slab photovoltaic modules, which maximizes the total number of small slab solar cells by solving the slab photovoltaic module design method described above. The spacing L5 between the solar cells is calculated in reverse, and the spacing L5 satisfies the following condition: .

[0012] Another objective of this application is to provide a photovoltaic module designed using the multi-cell photovoltaic module design method described above; the photovoltaic module includes a laminate and a frame clamped and fixed to the edge of the laminate; the laminate includes a first cover plate, an encapsulation layer and a second cover plate stacked sequentially from top to bottom, a battery layer encapsulated in the encapsulation layer and a water-blocking sealant located on the outside of the encapsulation layer.

[0013] Furthermore, the battery layer includes multiple battery cells, with adjacent battery cells connected by solder strips. The solder strips connect multiple battery cells in series along the first direction to form a battery string. Multiple battery strings are arranged along the second direction to form a battery string group. The battery string group is electrically connected at both ends of the first direction by end busbars. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The battery cells are three-piece or four-piece.

[0014] Furthermore, the water-blocking sealant is a butyl rubber strip and is located between the first cover plate and the second cover plate; the butyl rubber strip is disposed close to the outside of the end busbar; the battery layer also includes an intermediate busbar located in the middle of the battery string group, one battery string is divided into two battery sub-strings, and one end of the two battery sub-strings is electrically connected through the intermediate busbar; a water-blocking layer is disposed between the interface of the frame covering the laminate.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this multi-cell photovoltaic module design method and photovoltaic module are as follows: By constructing an optimization model with the maximum number of cell strings as the objective, high-density arrangement of small-sized cells such as three-cell or four-cell modules is achieved under a given layout. This method uses the width of the water-blocking sealant and the cell spacing as key variables, and comprehensively considers the cover plate size, busbar layout, encapsulation structure, and creepage distance requirements specified in IEC standards to form a complete design constraint system. Through mathematical optimization, the optimal spacing between the butyl sealant strip and the cells can be accurately calculated while meeting module safety specifications (such as a minimum creepage distance of 10.4mm under a 1500V system voltage), thereby maximizing the number of cells within a limited size (e.g., 33 three-cell and 44 four-cell modules in the 2382 layout). This method not only improves module power and power generation efficiency, but also increases production yield and manufacturing efficiency, achieving the best balance between electrical performance, safety, reliability, and production feasibility. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a top view of the structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the laminate in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the laminate in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a second schematic diagram of the structure of the laminate in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention with a water-blocking layer provided; The numbers in the diagram represent: 100 - Photovoltaic modules; 1-Laminated component, 11-First cover plate, 12-Encapsulation layer, 121-First encapsulation layer, 122-Second encapsulation layer, 13-Second cover plate, 14-Battery layer, 141-Battery cell, 142-Solder ribbon, 143-End busbar, 144-Intermediate busbar, 15-Water-blocking sealant; 2-Frame. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Example 1: To better understand the technical solution of this application, the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments in this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] The terminology used in the embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in the embodiments of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0020] This application provides a photovoltaic module 100. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the light-facing surface of a photovoltaic module in some embodiments. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic module 100 includes a first direction X and a second direction Y. Both the first direction X and the second direction Y are perpendicular to the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module. For example, the first direction X is the length direction of the photovoltaic module, and the second direction Y is the width direction of the photovoltaic module.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module in some embodiments. Also refer to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The photovoltaic module 100 includes a laminate 1 and a frame 2 that clamps and fixes the edge of the laminate 1 so that the edge of the laminate 1 is located within the frame 2. The frame 2 is used to install the laminate on objects such as the ground, buildings, and supports, and the frame 2 can protect the edge of the laminate 1, reduce the risk of damage to the edge of the laminate 1 due to stress, and extend the service life of the photovoltaic module.

[0022] like Figure 2 As shown, the photovoltaic module also includes a third direction Z, which is parallel to the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, and the first direction X, the second direction Y and the third direction Z are perpendicular to each other.

[0023] Within the plane enclosed by the first direction X and the third direction Z, the cross-sectional shape of the border 2 can be C-shaped or other common border shapes. That is, the specific structure of the border is not specifically limited in the embodiments of this application.

[0024] Figures 3 to 5 The number of battery strings and the number of battery cells 141 included in a single battery string are shown schematically, and do not represent the actual number of battery strings and battery cells included in a single battery string. Figure 3 This is a structural cross-sectional view of the laminate in some embodiments. For example... Figure 3As shown, the laminate 1 includes a first cover plate 11, an encapsulation layer 12 and a second cover plate 13 stacked sequentially from top to bottom, a battery layer 14 encapsulated within the encapsulation layer 12, and a water-blocking sealant 15 located on the outside of the encapsulation layer 12. In this embodiment, the water-blocking sealant is butyl rubber.

[0025] At least one of the first cover plate 11 and the second cover plate 13 is made of a light-transmitting material, which is beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0026] The first cover plate 11 can be made of one of the following rigid materials: tempered glass, PET (polyethylene terephthalate), or PC (polycarbonate). Alternatively, the first cover plate 11 can be made of one of the following flexible materials: PVF (polyvinyl fluoride), ETFE (ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer), or PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride). All of these materials have high light transmittance, ensuring that more light reaches the battery layer, thereby increasing the light absorption of the photovoltaic module and improving its photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0027] The material of the second cover plate 13 can be one of rigid materials such as tempered glass, PET (polyethylene terephthalate), or PC (polycarbonate). Alternatively, the material of the second cover plate 13 can be one of flexible materials such as PVF (polyvinyl fluoride), ETFE (ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer), or PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride).

[0028] The materials of the first cover plate 11 and the second cover plate 13 can be the same or different.

[0029] Continue to refer to Figure 3 The encapsulation layer 12 includes a first encapsulation layer 121 and a second encapsulation layer 122. In the third direction Z, a portion of the structure of the first encapsulation layer 121 is located between the battery layer 14 and the first cover plate 11, and a portion of the structure of the second encapsulation layer 122 is located between the battery layer 14 and the second cover plate 13.

[0030] The first encapsulation layer 121 is made of one of the following polyolefins: EVA (Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer), POE (Polyolefin Elastomer), and PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral). These materials have high light transmittance, which is beneficial for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules. The first encapsulation layer 121 can also be an EPE film (EVA-POE-EVA co-extrusion structure) or an EP film (EVA-POE co-extrusion structure).

[0031] The material of the second encapsulation layer 122 is one of polyolefins such as EVA (Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer), POE (Polyolefin Elastomer), and PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral). The second encapsulation layer 122 can also be an EPE film (EVA-POE-EVA co-extruded structure) or an EP film (EVA-POE co-extruded structure).

[0032] The materials of the first encapsulation layer 121 and the second encapsulation layer 122 can be the same or different.

[0033] Continue to refer to Figure 3 The water-blocking sealant 15 is located between the first cover plate 11 and the second cover plate 13 and on the outside of the encapsulation layer 12.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a top view of the structure of battery layer 14 and water-resistant sealant 15 in some embodiments. (See attached image.) Figure 4 As shown, the battery layer 14 includes multiple battery cells 141. Adjacent battery cells 141 are connected by solder strips 142. The solder strips 142 connect multiple battery cells 141 in series along the first direction X to form a battery string. Multiple battery strings are arranged along the second direction Y to form a battery string group. The two ends of the battery string group in the first direction X are electrically connected by end busbars 143, so that multiple battery strings can be connected in series or in parallel to improve the performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0035] The types of solar cells 141 include, but are not limited to, passivated emitter rear cell (PERC), tunnel oxide passivated contact cell (TOPCon), intrinsic thin-film heterojunction cell (HJT), interdigitated back contact cell (IBC), perovskite cell, etc.

[0036] The solar cell 141 has a length L3 extending along a first direction X and a length extending along a second direction Y. In this embodiment, the solar cell 141 is a 1 / 3 segment or a 1 / 4 segment. Using smaller 1 / 3 or 1 / 4 segments is more conducive to improving the power generation of the photovoltaic module.

[0037] Continue to refer to Figure 4 Two water-blocking sealant 15s are provided and are located on the outside of the end manifold 143 respectively. The water-blocking sealant 15s are provided in close contact with the end manifold 143.

[0038] Figure 5 A top view of the structure of battery layer 14 and water-resistant sealant 15 in some other embodiments. (See also...) Figure 5 As shown, the battery layer 14 also includes an intermediate busbar 144 located in the middle of the battery string group. One battery string is divided into two battery sub-strings, and one end of the two battery sub-strings is electrically connected through the intermediate busbar 144.

[0039] Figure 6 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module in some embodiments. For example... Figure 6 As shown, a water-blocking layer 21 is provided between the interface of the frame 2 and the laminate 1. The thickness of the water-blocking layer 21 is H3, the width of the water-blocking layer 21 covering the first cover plate 11 is W3, the thickness of the first cover plate 11 is H2, the width of the water-blocking sealant 15 is W1, and the end busbar 143 is set at the middle height position of the encapsulation layer 12, the thickness of the encapsulation layer 12 is H1. Therefore, by adding the water-blocking sealant 15 and setting it close to the end busbar 143, the creepage distance of the photovoltaic module can be effectively extended, so that the creepage distance of the photovoltaic module changes from the original distance from the outer edge of the end busbar 143 to the corresponding edge of the encapsulation layer 12. .

[0040] This application also proposes a multi-cell photovoltaic module design method, the purpose of which is to place more small-cell solar cells (such as three-cell or four-cell cells) within a given photovoltaic module layout. This design method includes the following: Construct an optimization model whose purpose is to obtain the maximum number of solar cells that can be placed in a solar cell string. The variables include the spacing L5 between two adjacent cells in a battery string, the width W1 of the water-blocking sealant, and the number of cells in a single battery string. The associated parameters include cover plate size L1, distance L2 from the outermost edge of the end busbar to the edge of the adjacent battery string, cell length L3, width W2 of the middle busbar, distance L4 from the middle busbar to the edge of the adjacent battery string, number of middle busbars N1, and minimum creepage distance L6; the above parameters satisfy the following inequality: ; Transforming the above inequality, we obtain the following inequality: ; By defining the objective and constraints, an optimization model is obtained, where: The objective is to solve for: ; The constraints include: Constraint 1: It is an integer, and Since this embodiment is mainly designed for small-cell battery modules, the number of battery cells in a single battery string can be further limited. The range of values ​​for is: ; Constraint 2: N1 equals 0 or 1; Constraint 3: mm; Since this embodiment is mainly designed for small-cell battery modules, the range of values ​​for the cell length L3 can be further limited as follows: mm.

[0041] Constraint 4-1: When a water-blocking layer is provided, the width W1 of the variable water-blocking sealant should meet the following requirements: ; Wherein, H1 is the thickness of the encapsulation layer; H2 is the thickness of the first cover plate; W3 is the width of the water-blocking layer covering the first cover plate; H3 is the thickness of the water-blocking layer; Constraint 4-2: When no water-blocking layer is installed, the width W1 of the variable water-blocking sealant should meet the following requirements: ; Constraint 5: The range of values ​​for the spacing L5 between two adjacent cells in a single battery string is: mm; To accommodate more solar cells, and provided the stringing equipment can meet the requirements, the range of values ​​for the spacing L5 between two adjacent solar cells in a single string can be further constrained to [value missing]. mm, or even mm; Constraint 6: The width W1 of the water-blocking sealant 15 is 3.5~4mm.

[0042] Based on the known cover plate size L1, the distance L2 from the outermost edge of the end busbar to the edge of the adjacent battery string, the cell length L3, the width W2 of the middle busbar, the distance L4 from the middle busbar to the edge of the adjacent battery string, the number of middle busbars N1, the spacing L5 between two adjacent cells in a battery string, the minimum creepage distance L6, the encapsulation layer thickness H1, the first cover plate thickness H2, the width W3 of the water-blocking layer covering the first cover plate, and the water-blocking layer thickness H3, the optimized butyl rubber width range and the maximum total number of small-cell battery layout along the first direction X are obtained using the optimization model. .

[0043] When solving the above optimization model, there are two variables: (1) the spacing L5 between two adjacent cells in a battery string; (2) the width W1 of the water-blocking sealant. In the process of solving the optimization model, in order to maximize the number of cells, the spacing between cells is set to a minimum of 0.5mm. However, in actual production, the smaller the spacing between cells, the higher the process requirements and the lower the yield. Considering that the width W1 of the water-blocking sealant is only constrained by the creepage distance condition, that is, only constrained by (constraint 4-1) or (constraint 4-2), in order to obtain a better actual production yield, the minimum width of the butyl rubber strip can be calculated first by (constraint 4-1) or (constraint 4-2) depending on whether the water-blocking layer 21 is set. Then the minimum width of the butyl rubber As known parameters, they are then substituted into the above optimization model to satisfy... Given the given condition of mm, the solution can be obtained to maximize the total number of small-segment solar cell layouts. Then, based on the maximum total number of small-segment battery cells... The spacing L5 between the solar cells is calculated in reverse to obtain all design parameters. The spacing L5 satisfies the following condition: , For example, the spacing L5 can be 1.0mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.7mm, 1.8mm, 1.9mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0mm, 3.5mm, 4.0mm or 4.5mm, etc.

[0044] According to IEC standards, the system voltage of photovoltaic (PV) modules must correspond to a certain minimum creepage distance. For example, when the system voltage of a PV module is 1500V and the pollution level is 1, the minimum creepage distance of the PV module is 10.4mm, meaning the creepage distance should be greater than 10.4mm.

[0045] This embodiment provides a photovoltaic module based on the aforementioned design method, wherein the cover plate size L1=2376mm, the distance from the outermost edge of the end busbar 143 to the edge of the adjacent cell string L2=6mm, the minimum creepage distance L6=10.4mm, the thickness of the encapsulation layer 12 H1=2mm, and the thickness of the first cover plate 11 H2=2.5mm; when the cell is three-celled, its length extending along the first direction X is L3=70mm, and when it is four-celled, its length extending along the first direction X is L3=52.5mm; when the middle busbar 144 is arranged in the middle of the cell layer 14, the number of middle busbars 144 is N1=1, the width of the middle busbar 144 is W2=2mm, and the distance from the middle busbar 144 to the edge of the adjacent cell string L4=2mm; the width of the water-blocking layer 21 covering the first cover plate 11 is W3=10mm, and the thickness of the water-blocking layer 21 is H3=1.5mm.

[0046] Inputting the above design parameters into the optimization model, the resulting width range of the water-blocking sealant is: Since W1 is within the range of 3.5~4mm, the value should be... mm; When using a three-segment layout, the maximum number of small-segment cell layouts obtained by solving the problem is calculated. When using a four-segment layout, the solution maximizes the total number of small-segment cell layouts. When the width of the water-blocking sealant W1 = 3.5 mm, the spacing between three-piece battery cells L5 ≈ 1.28 mm, and the spacing between four-piece battery cells L5 ≈ 0.95 mm; when the width of the water-blocking sealant W1 = 4 mm, the spacing between three-piece battery cells L5 ≈ 1.25 mm, and the spacing between four-piece battery cells L5 ≈ 0.93 mm.

[0047] This embodiment provides another photovoltaic module based on the aforementioned design method, wherein the cover plate size L1=2376mm, the distance L2=6mm from the outermost edge of the end busbar 143 to the edge of the adjacent cell string, the minimum creepage distance L6=5.4mm, the thickness H1=2mm of the encapsulation layer 12, and the thickness H2=2.5mm of the first cover plate 11; when the cell is three-celled, its length extending along the first direction X is L3=70mm, and when it is four-celled, its length extending along the first direction X is L3=52.5mm; when the middle busbar 144 is arranged in the middle of the cell layer 14, the number of middle busbars 144 is N1=1, the width W2=2mm of the middle busbar 144, and the distance L4=2mm from the edge of the adjacent cell string to the middle busbar 144.

[0048] Input the above design parameters into the optimization model to obtain the width range of the water-blocking sealant. Since W1 is within the range of 3.5~4mm, the value should be... mm; When using a three-segment layout, the maximum number of small-segment cell layouts obtained by solving the problem is calculated. When using a four-segment layout, the solution maximizes the total number of small-segment cell layouts. When the width of the water-blocking sealant W1 = 3.5mm, the spacing between three-cell solar cells L5 ≈ 1.28mm, and the spacing between four-cell solar cells L5 ≈ 0.95mm; when the width of the water-blocking sealant W1 = 4mm, the spacing between three-cell solar cells L5 ≈ 1.25mm, and the spacing between four-cell solar cells L5 ≈ 0.93mm. Increasing the width of the water-blocking sealant W1 from 3.5mm to 4mm slightly decreases the cell spacing L5. The spacing between three-cell solar cells can still be maintained at around 1.25mm, which is beneficial to production yield; the spacing between four-cell solar cells is slightly lower than 1.0mm, requiring relatively higher process standards.

[0049] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0050] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A design method for multi-segment photovoltaic modules, characterized in that, This includes solving, based on an optimization model, the method to maximize the total number of small-cell battery packs along the first direction on the cover plate. The optimization model includes inequalities, variables, associated parameters, a solution objective, and constraints, wherein the inequalities are: ； The variables include the spacing L5 between two adjacent cells in a single battery string, the width W1 of the water-blocking sealant, and the number of cells in a single battery string. ; The associated parameters include cover plate size L1, distance L2 from the outermost edge of the end busbar to the edge of the adjacent battery string, battery cell length L3, width W2 of the middle busbar, distance L4 from the middle busbar to the edge of the adjacent battery string, and number N1 of the middle busbars. The objective of the solution is: ; The constraints include: Constraint 1: It is an integer, and ; Constraint 2: N1 equals 0 or 1; Constraint 3: mm.

2. The multi-segment photovoltaic module design method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In constraint 1, The range of values ​​for is: In constraint 3, the range of values ​​for the cell length L3 is: mm.

3. The multi-segment photovoltaic module design method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The range of values ​​for the spacing L5 is as follows: mm.

4. The multi-segment photovoltaic module design method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water-blocking sealant is a butyl rubber strip, and the width W1 of the butyl rubber strip is 3.5~4mm.

5. The multi-segment photovoltaic module design method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The constraints also include constraint 4-1 or constraint 4-2; the associated parameters also include minimum creepage distance L6. The constraint 4-1 is: when a water-blocking layer is provided between the interfaces of the frame-covered laminates in a multi-segment photovoltaic module, the width W1 of the water-blocking sealant satisfies: ； Wherein, H1 is the thickness of the encapsulation layer; H2 is the thickness of the first cover plate; W3 is the width of the water-blocking layer covering the first cover plate; H3 is the thickness of the water-blocking layer; The constraint 4-2 is: when the water-blocking layer is not provided, the width W1 of the water-blocking sealant satisfies: 。 6. The multi-segment photovoltaic module design method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Before solving the optimization model, the minimum width of the butyl rubber strip is determined according to constraint 4-1 or constraint 4-2. Minimum width of butyl rubber As known parameters, they are then substituted into the optimization model to satisfy... Given the given condition of mm, the solution can be obtained to maximize the total number of small-segment solar cell layouts. .

7. A design method for multi-segment photovoltaic modules, characterized in that, The maximum total number of small-cell layouts obtained by the multi-cell photovoltaic module design method as described in claim 1 is obtained by solving the solution. The spacing L5 between the solar cells is calculated in reverse, and the spacing L5 satisfies the following condition: 。 8. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module is designed using the multi-segment photovoltaic module design method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7; the photovoltaic module includes a laminate and a frame clamped and fixed on the edge of the laminate; the laminate includes a first cover plate, an encapsulation layer and a second cover plate stacked sequentially from top to bottom, a battery layer encapsulated in the encapsulation layer and a water-blocking sealant located on the outside of the encapsulation layer.

9. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The battery layer includes multiple battery cells, and adjacent battery cells are connected by solder strips. The solder strips connect multiple battery cells in series along the first direction to form a battery string. Multiple battery strings are arranged along the second direction to form a battery string group. The battery string group is electrically connected at both ends of the first direction by end busbars. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The battery cells are three-cell or four-cell.

10. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The water-blocking sealant is a butyl rubber strip and is located between the first cover plate and the second cover plate; the butyl rubber strip is disposed close to the outside of the end busbar; the battery layer also includes an intermediate busbar located in the middle of the battery string group, one battery string is divided into two battery sub-strings, and one end of the two battery sub-strings is electrically connected through the intermediate busbar; a water-blocking layer is disposed between the interface of the frame covering the laminate.

Images