Electric vehicle battery automatic fire extinguishing blocking device and automatic fire extinguishing blocking method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an electric vehicle battery automatic fire extinguishing blocking device which comprises an electric vehicle battery automatic fire extinguishing blocking module used for an electric vehicle battery module, the electric vehicle battery module comprises at least one electric vehicle battery unit, and the electric vehicle battery automatic fire extinguishing blocking module is of a multi-layer packaging structure. The multi-layer packaging structure comprises a first automatic fire extinguishing blocking inner layer, a first automatic fire extinguishing blocking middle layer and an automatic fire extinguishing blocking outer layer, and the first automatic fire extinguishing blocking middle layer comprises a first fire extinguishing material filled by pressure. And a ventilation and heat dissipation space is formed between the first automatic fire extinguishing blocking inner layer and the electric vehicle battery unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to an automatic fire suppression device and method, and more particularly to an automatic fire suppression device and method for electric vehicle batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Given the booming development of electric vehicles, whether they are pure electric or hybrid, they all use battery packs, such as lithium batteries or cobalt-iron batteries, to power the motor. However, there are an increasing number of electric vehicle fires worldwide. Electric vehicle fires are not only difficult to extinguish, but firefighters often need to use significantly more water than with traditional gasoline-powered vehicles to control the blaze. How to effectively extinguish fires caused by electric vehicles has become an increasingly important issue for fire departments.

[0003] Because electric vehicle batteries contain a large amount of energy, a sudden thermal runaway can release a massive amount of heat, typically exceeding 600-1000°C. Ordinary fire extinguishers are often insufficient to extinguish the fire promptly, requiring specialized fire-fighting materials and external force to contain it. However, due to safety and vehicle weight distribution considerations, electric vehicle battery packs are usually located in the chassis. Specialized fire-fighting materials cannot directly cool the battery pack; instead, large amounts of water must be poured on it to cool it down, allowing the battery to fully react before extinguishing the fire—a time-consuming and difficult process. Therefore, spontaneous combustion or thermal runaway of an electric vehicle battery can easily lead to major accidents or injuries.

[0004] Based on the above, this application proposes a new automatic fire extinguishing and blocking structure and method to prevent electric vehicle fires from spreading to the entire battery pack or causing uncontrollable subsequent disasters such as thermal runaway. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The advantages of this application are that it does not require additional sensors or complex current blocking and protection devices. This design relies on the natural reaction of material properties to initiate the fire extinguishing process, eliminating the need for external power supplies or complex sensor deployment and monitoring, thus reducing maintenance costs and failure risks. The modular design facilitates future maintenance, repair, and battery replacement, and can be used in modular or integrated configurations depending on the application design, allowing for seamless integration into the overall design.

[0006] This application discloses an automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device for an electric vehicle battery, comprising an automatic fire extinguishing and blocking module for an electric vehicle battery module. The electric vehicle battery module includes at least one electric vehicle battery unit. The automatic fire extinguishing and blocking module is a multi-layer encapsulation structure, which includes a first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking inner layer, a first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking middle layer, and an automatic fire extinguishing and blocking outer layer. The first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking middle layer includes a first fire extinguishing material filled by pressure. A ventilation and heat dissipation space is formed between the first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking inner layer and the electric vehicle battery unit.

[0007] Furthermore, the inner layer of the first automatic fire extinguishing barrier is a first metal alloy layer, and the outer layer of the automatic fire extinguishing barrier is a second metal alloy layer, wherein the pressure of the intermediate layer of the first automatic fire extinguishing barrier is more than 2.5 times the accumulating pressure.

[0008] Furthermore, the inner layer of the first automatic fire extinguishing barrier is a first metal alloy layer, and the outer layer of the automatic fire extinguishing barrier is a second metal alloy layer, wherein the pressurization pressure of the middle layer of the first automatic fire extinguishing barrier is 36 kgf / cm². 2 above.

[0009] Furthermore, the melting point of the first metal alloy layer is lower than that of the second metal alloy layer.

[0010] Furthermore, the melting point of the first metal alloy layer is 200–640°C.

[0011] Furthermore, the melting point of the second metal alloy layer must exceed 1200°C.

[0012] Furthermore, the first metal alloy layer is an aluminum alloy, including those selected from the group consisting of aluminum, iron, silicon, copper, magnesium, yttrium and vanadium.

[0013] Furthermore, the second metal alloy layer is stainless steel, including those selected from the group consisting of nickel, chromium, manganese, silicon and molybdenum.

[0014] Furthermore, the first fire extinguishing material includes materials selected from the group consisting of sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfide, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, graphite powder, and copper powder.

[0015] Furthermore, the multi-layer encapsulation structure also includes a second automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer and a second automatic fire extinguishing barrier intermediate layer, located between the first automatic fire extinguishing barrier intermediate layer and the automatic fire extinguishing barrier outer layer, wherein the second automatic fire extinguishing barrier intermediate layer contains a second fire extinguishing material filled by pressure.

[0016] Furthermore, the first automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer also includes a first pressure monitor, and the second automatic fire extinguishing barrier intermediate layer also includes a second pressure monitor. The first pressure monitor and the second pressure monitor can be connected in series.

[0017] This application proposes an automatic fire suppression method for an electric vehicle battery, comprising providing an automatic fire suppression module for an electric vehicle battery module. The automatic fire suppression module is a multi-layer encapsulation structure, comprising a first automatic fire suppression inner layer, a first automatic fire suppression middle layer, and an automatic fire suppression outer layer. The first automatic fire suppression middle layer contains a first fire suppression material filled by pressure. A ventilation and heat dissipation space is formed between the first automatic fire suppression inner layer and the electric vehicle battery module. When the temperature of the electric vehicle battery module exceeds the melting point of the first automatic fire suppression inner layer, a portion of the first automatic fire suppression inner layer will melt and create a hole, forming a spray point. The first fire suppression material will be sprayed out from the spray point toward the electric vehicle battery module due to the pressure difference.

[0018] This application discloses an automatic fire suppression method for an electric vehicle battery, comprising providing an automatic fire suppression module for an electric vehicle battery module. The automatic fire suppression module is a multi-layer encapsulation structure, including a first automatic fire suppression inner layer, a first automatic fire suppression intermediate layer, a second automatic fire suppression inner layer, a second automatic fire suppression intermediate layer, and an automatic fire suppression outer layer. The first automatic fire suppression intermediate layer contains a first fire suppression material pressurized, and the second automatic fire suppression intermediate layer contains a second fire suppression material pressurized. The first automatic fire suppression inner layer and the electric vehicle... A ventilation and heat dissipation space is formed between the battery modules. When the temperature of the electric vehicle battery module exceeds the melting point of the first automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer, a portion of the first automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer will melt and create a hole, forming a spray point. The first fire extinguishing material will be sprayed from the spray point toward the electric vehicle battery module due to the pressure difference. After the first fire extinguishing material is sprayed out, if the temperature of the electric vehicle battery module still exceeds the melting point of the second automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer, a portion of the second automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer will melt and create another hole, forming another spray point. The second fire extinguishing material will be continuously sprayed toward the electric vehicle battery module from the other spray point due to the pressure difference.

[0019] Furthermore, the first automatic fire suppression barrier intermediate layer also includes a first pressure monitor, which will issue a first warning signal when the pressure of the first automatic fire suppression barrier intermediate layer drops below 100 psi.

[0020] Furthermore, the first automatic fire suppression barrier intermediate layer also includes a first pressure monitor, and the second automatic fire suppression barrier intermediate layer also includes a second pressure monitor. When the pressure of the first automatic fire suppression barrier intermediate layer drops below 100 psi, a first warning signal will be issued, and when the pressure of the second automatic fire suppression barrier intermediate layer drops below 100 psi, a second warning signal will be issued.

[0021] The other effects and embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the electric vehicle battery automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device and the electric vehicle battery module installed on the vehicle frame according to one embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A side view of the electric vehicle battery automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device and the electric vehicle battery module along the cross section AA' in the embodiment.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of an embodiment of the electric vehicle battery automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device, which is a multi-layer encapsulation structure.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an implementation method of an automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device for electric vehicle batteries according to an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of an electric vehicle battery automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device according to another embodiment of the present application, which includes multiple automatic fire extinguishing and blocking intermediate layers and an automatic fire extinguishing and blocking inner layer.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation and configuration of the automatic fire extinguishing device and the electric vehicle battery module in another embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 7 for Figure 6 The embodiment shows a side view of the automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device for electric vehicle batteries and the electric vehicle battery module along the cross-sectional direction BB'.

[0030] Symbol Explanation

[0031] 10 Electric vehicle battery module 101 Electric vehicle battery unit

[0032] 20 and 40 electric vehicle battery automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device

[0033] 201, 301, and 401 Electric Vehicle Battery Automatic Fire Extinguishing and Interception Module

[0034] 202, 402 ventilation and heat dissipation space; 203 first automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer.

[0035] 204 First Automatic Fire Extinguishing Interception Intermediate Layer

[0036] 2041 First extinguishing material; 2042 First pressure monitor

[0037] 205 Automatic fire suppression barrier outer layer; 206 Second automatic fire suppression barrier inner layer

[0038] 207 Second Automatic Fire Extinguishing Interception Intermediate Layer

[0039] 2071 Second fire extinguishing material; 2072 Second pressure monitor

[0040] AA' section direction BB' section direction Detailed Implementation

[0041] To provide a clearer understanding of the content of this application, a detailed description of the application is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the application. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to facilitate a thorough understanding of the application, but the described embodiments are only a portion of the embodiments, not all of them. All other embodiments based on the embodiments of this application, which can be easily implemented by those skilled in the art according to the content of this application, are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0042] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of some embodiments of this application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0043] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1The diagram shown is a schematic of an electric vehicle battery automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device 20 and an electric vehicle battery module 10 installed on a vehicle frame according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 for Figure 1 The embodiment shows a schematic diagram of the installation and configuration of the electric vehicle battery automatic fire suppression device and the electric vehicle battery module along the cross-sectional direction AA'. The electric vehicle battery module 10 includes at least one electric vehicle battery unit 101, which can be connected in series (not shown) for operation. The electric vehicle battery automatic fire suppression device 20 includes an electric vehicle battery automatic fire suppression module 201. A ventilation and heat dissipation space 202 is formed between the electric vehicle battery automatic fire suppression module 201 and the electric vehicle battery module 10. The ventilation and heat dissipation space 202 refers to a space where the electric vehicle battery automatic fire suppression module 201 and the electric vehicle battery module 10 do not directly contact each other, but where air can circulate. The dashed line area shown in the figure is only schematic; it can be understood that the shape of this dashed line can have different shapes depending on the design of different electric vehicle battery modules 10 in different embodiments.

[0044] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 The diagram shows a partial cross-sectional view of the electric vehicle battery automatic fire suppression module 201, which is a multi-layer encapsulation structure. The multi-layer encapsulation structure includes a first automatic fire suppression inner layer 203, a first automatic fire suppression intermediate layer 204, and an automatic fire suppression outer layer 205. The first automatic fire suppression intermediate layer 204 is located between the first automatic fire suppression inner layer 203 and the automatic fire suppression outer layer 205. The first automatic fire suppression inner layer 203 is located on the side closest to the electric vehicle battery module 10. The first automatic fire suppression intermediate layer 204 is a closed space formed by the first automatic fire suppression inner layer 203 and the automatic fire suppression outer layer 205. Figure 3 (The diagram shown is a partial cross-sectional view). The first automatic fire extinguishing barrier interlayer 204 includes a first fire extinguishing material 2041 pressurized. In other embodiments of this application, the first automatic fire extinguishing barrier interlayer 204 may further include a first pressure monitor 2042, which monitors and provides warnings, and can issue a first warning signal (not shown) when the internal pressure of the first automatic fire extinguishing barrier interlayer 204 changes. The aforementioned change in internal pressure may, for example, but not limited to, issuing a first warning signal when the internal pressure of the first automatic fire extinguishing barrier interlayer 204 drops below 100 psi. In other embodiments, the first warning signal may be set to be issued when the internal pressure drops below 60 psi. It is understood that the pressure value setting can be adjusted according to actual usage needs, with the purpose of informing the vehicle host of leakage or the electric vehicle battery module 10 of a fire source, and generating a warning light or warning sound to remind the occupants. The above values ​​are not intended to limit this application.

[0045] The aforementioned first extinguishing material 2041 is pressurized, and the pressure value can be adjusted according to different extinguishing materials. For example, it can be used in mechanical foam fire extinguishers or dry powder fire extinguishers, and can be divided into pressurized fire extinguishers and pressure-pressurized fire extinguishers. In one embodiment of this application, the pressure of the automatic fire-extinguishing blocking intermediate layer 204 of the pressurized fire extinguisher can be more than 2.5 times the accumulating pressure. In another embodiment of this application, the pressurizing pressure of the automatic fire-extinguishing blocking intermediate layer 204 of the pressure-pressurized fire extinguisher can be 36 kgf / cm³. 2 above.

[0046] The first automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer 203 is a first metal alloy layer, and the automatic fire extinguishing barrier outer layer 205 is a second metal alloy layer. The first fire extinguishing material 2041 is encapsulated within the first and second metal alloy layers. The melting point of the first metal alloy layer is lower than that of the second metal alloy layer. The melting point of the first metal alloy layer can be 200–640°C. The first metal alloy layer can be an aluminum alloy, including those selected from the group consisting of aluminum, iron, silicon, copper, magnesium, yttrium, and vanadium. The first metal alloy layer can include, but is not limited to, 7000 series (e.g., 7075), hardness (HB): approximately 150–180 HB; 2000 series (e.g., 2024), hardness (HB): approximately 120–160 HB; 5000 series (e.g., 5052, 5083), hardness (HB): approximately 60–85 HB. The composition of the above-mentioned 2024 aluminum alloy is as follows: Aluminum (Al): approx. 90.7-94.7%; Copper (Cu): approx. 3.8-4.9%; Magnesium (Mg): approx. 1.2-1.8%; Manganese (Mn): approx. 0.3-0.9%; Melting point range: approx. 502℃-638℃. The composition of 2014 aluminum alloy is as follows: Aluminum (Al): approx. 90.6-94.7%; Copper (Cu): approx. 3.9-5.0%; Magnesium (Mg): approx. 0.2-0.8%; Manganese (Mn): approx. 0.4-1.2%; Silicon (Si): approx. 0.5-1.2%; Melting point range: approx. 510℃-635℃. The 7000 series aluminum alloys primarily contain zinc, along with magnesium, copper, and other elements. Their melting point range is typically between 475℃ and 635℃. 7075 aluminum alloy, composition: Aluminum (Al): approx. 87.1-91.4%; Zinc (Zn): approx. 5.1-6.1%; Magnesium (Mg): approx. 2.1-2.9%; Copper (Cu): approx. 1.2-2.0%; Chromium (Cr): approx. 0.18-0.28%, melting point range: approx. 477℃-635℃. 7050 aluminum alloy, composition: Aluminum (Al): approx. 87.0-91.0%; Zinc (Zn): approx. 5.7-6.7%; Magnesium (Mg): approx. 1.9-2.6%; Copper (Cu): approx. 2.0-2.6%; Zirconium (Zr): approx. 0.08-0.15%, melting point range: approx. 477℃-635℃. The melting point of the second metal alloy layer must exceed 1200°C, and the second metal alloy layer is stainless steel, including those selected from the group consisting of nickel, chromium, manganese, silicon and molybdenum.This can include, but is not limited to, 2205 stainless steel. The composition of 2205 stainless steel is as follows: Chromium (Cr): approx. 21-23%; Nickel (Ni): approx. 4.5-6.5%; Molybdenum (Mo): approx. 2.5-3.5%; Iron (Fe): approx. 63-69% (balance); Nitrogen (N): approx. 0.14-0.20%; Melting point range: approx. 1350℃-1400℃; Hardness of 2205 duplex stainless steel: Brinell hardness (HB): approx. 180-290 HB; Rockwell hardness (HRC): approx. 25-32 HRC; Vickers hardness (HV): approx. 180-310 HV; Mechanical properties of 2205 stainless steel: Tensile strength: approx. 620-850 MPa; Yield strength: approx. 450 MPa and above; Elongation: approx. 25%.

[0047] The melting point of the first metal alloy layer described in this application is lower than the temperature at which the electric vehicle battery module 10 catches fire or experiences thermal runaway. Empirically, the temperature of thermal runaway is typically between 600 and 1000°C. The melting point of the first metal alloy layer described in this application can be between 200 and 640°C. When the melting point of the first metal alloy layer is lower than the temperature of thermal runaway, the first metal alloy layer will melt first at the fire source or high temperature, creating a hole and forming a spray point. At this time, the first fire extinguishing material 2041 within the first automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer 203 will be sprayed towards the high-temperature fire source of the electric vehicle battery module 10 due to the pressure difference, blocking and covering the high-temperature fire source to achieve the effects of blocking and extinguishing the fire. The first fire extinguishing material includes materials selected from the group consisting of sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfide, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, graphite powder, and copper powder.

[0048] The melting point of the second metal alloy layer is higher than that of the first metal alloy layer, and also higher than the temperature of the fire source and the abnormal chemical reaction of the electric vehicle battery module 10. When the electric vehicle battery module 10 catches fire or experiences thermal runaway, the first metal alloy layer melts and forms a hole at the fire source or high temperature, while the second metal alloy layer does not melt or form a hole, thus achieving the purpose of spraying the first fire extinguishing material 2041 towards the high temperature of the fire source of the electric vehicle battery module 10. The melting point of the second metal alloy layer must exceed 1200°C. The second metal alloy layer is stainless steel, including materials selected from the group consisting of nickel, chromium, manganese, silicon, and molybdenum.

[0049] The first metal alloy layer has higher ductility than the second metal alloy layer. The first metal alloy layer has better ductility, reducing the risk of breakage or friction damage under external impact, and the high ductility also prevents damage to the electric vehicle battery module 10 body from external force penetration. The first metal alloy layer can be an aluminum alloy, including those selected from the group consisting of aluminum, iron, silicon, copper, magnesium, yttrium, and vanadium. The second metal alloy layer has higher rigidity than the first metal alloy layer. The second metal alloy layer uses a hard, impact-resistant, and non-deformable material to resist external impacts and provide protection in the event of a battery fire, protecting the first fire extinguishing material 2041 of the first automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer 203 and the first automatic fire extinguishing barrier middle layer 204, and preventing leakage of the first fire extinguishing material 2041 due to external impacts such as car accidents, deformation, or any form of corrosion damage to the electric vehicle battery module 10. The second metal alloy layer is stainless steel or titanium alloy, including those selected from the group consisting of nickel, chromium, manganese, silicon, and molybdenum.

[0050] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of an implementation method of the automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device 20 for electric vehicle batteries according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 The illustrated cross-sectional view of the electric vehicle battery automatic fire suppression module 201 is a multi-layer encapsulation structure. A ventilation and heat dissipation space 202 is formed between the first automatic fire suppression inner layer 203 and the electric vehicle battery unit 101. The multi-layer encapsulation structure includes the first automatic fire suppression inner layer 203, the first automatic fire suppression intermediate layer 204, and the automatic fire suppression outer layer 205. The first automatic fire suppression intermediate layer 204 contains a first fire extinguishing material 2041 filled with pressure. When the electric vehicle battery module experiences thermal runaway and the temperature exceeds the melting point of the first automatic fire suppression inner layer 203, a portion of the first automatic fire suppression inner layer 203 will melt first, creating a hole and forming a spray point. Due to the pressure difference, the first fire extinguishing material 2041 will be sprayed from the spray point towards the electric vehicle battery unit 101, blocking and covering the high-temperature fire source, thus achieving the effect of automatic fire suppression and extinguishing.

[0051] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 5In another embodiment of this application, the automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device 301 for electric vehicle batteries includes a first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking inner layer 203, a first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking intermediate layer 204, a second automatic fire extinguishing and blocking inner layer 206, a second automatic fire extinguishing and blocking intermediate layer 207, and an automatic fire extinguishing and blocking outer layer 205. The first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking intermediate layer 204 is located between the first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking inner layer 203 and the second automatic fire extinguishing and blocking inner layer 206; the second automatic fire extinguishing and blocking intermediate layer 207 is located between the second automatic fire extinguishing and blocking inner layer 206 and the automatic fire extinguishing and blocking outer layer 205. The first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking inner layer 203 is located on the side closest to the electric vehicle battery module 10. The first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking intermediate layer 204 is a closed space formed by the first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking inner layer 203 and the second automatic fire extinguishing and blocking inner layer 206. The first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking intermediate layer 204 contains a first fire extinguishing material 2041 filled by pressure. The second automatic fire extinguishing barrier intermediate layer 207 is a closed space formed by the second automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer 206 and the automatic fire extinguishing barrier outer layer 205. The second automatic fire extinguishing barrier intermediate layer 207 contains a second fire extinguishing material 2071 that is pressurized and filled.

[0052] In other embodiments of this application, the first automatic fire suppression barrier intermediate layer 204 may further include a first pressure monitor 2042, and the second automatic fire suppression barrier intermediate layer 207 may further include a second pressure monitor 2072. The first pressure monitor 2042 and the second pressure monitor 2072 are respectively used to monitor the first automatic fire suppression barrier intermediate layer 204 and the second automatic fire suppression barrier intermediate layer 207 and provide warnings. When the internal pressure of the first automatic fire suppression barrier intermediate layer 204 changes, a first warning signal (not shown) may be issued; when the internal pressure of the second automatic fire suppression barrier intermediate layer 207 changes, a second warning signal (not shown) may be issued. The change in internal pressure of the first automatic fire suppression barrier intermediate layer 204 may, for example, but not limited to, issuing a first warning signal when the internal pressure of the first automatic fire suppression barrier intermediate layer 204 drops below 100 psi. In other embodiments, the first warning signal may be issued when the internal pressure drops below 60 psi. The internal pressure change of the aforementioned second automatic fire suppression barrier intermediate layer 207 can, for example but not limited to, trigger a second warning signal when the internal pressure of the second automatic fire suppression barrier intermediate layer 207 drops below 100 psi. In other embodiments, the internal pressure can be set to trigger a second warning signal when it drops below 60 psi. It is understood that the pressure value setting can be adjusted according to actual usage needs. The purpose is to inform the vehicle's main unit of leakage or the electric vehicle battery module 10 of a fire source, and to generate a warning light or warning sound to remind the occupants. The aforementioned values ​​are not intended to limit this application.

[0053] An embodiment of this application discloses an automatic fire suppression method for an electric vehicle battery, comprising providing an automatic fire suppression module 301 for an electric vehicle battery module 10. The automatic fire suppression module 301 is a multi-layer encapsulation structure, comprising a first automatic fire suppression inner layer 203, a first automatic fire suppression intermediate layer 204, a second automatic fire suppression inner layer 206, a second automatic fire suppression intermediate layer 207, and an automatic fire suppression outer layer 205. The first automatic fire suppression intermediate layer 204 contains a first fire suppression material 2041 filled with pressure, and the second automatic fire suppression intermediate layer 207 contains a second fire suppression material 2071 filled with pressure. When the temperature of the electric vehicle battery module 10 exceeds the melting point of the first automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer 203, a portion of the first automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer 203 will melt and create a hole, forming a spray point. The first fire extinguishing material 2041 will be sprayed from this spray point towards the electric vehicle battery module 10 due to the pressure difference. After the first fire extinguishing material 2041 is sprayed out, if the temperature of the electric vehicle battery module 10 still exceeds the melting point of the second automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer 206, a portion of the second automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer 206 will melt and create another hole, forming another spray point. The second fire extinguishing material 2071 will be continuously sprayed from this other spray point towards the electric vehicle battery module 10 due to the pressure difference. The second automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer 206 can be the aforementioned first metal alloy layer. The second fire extinguishing material 2071 can be the same as the aforementioned first fire extinguishing material 2041.

[0054] Please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation and configuration of the automatic fire extinguishing device 40 and the electric vehicle battery module 10 in another embodiment of this application. Figure 7 for Figure 6 The embodiment shows a schematic diagram of the installation and configuration of the electric vehicle battery automatic fire suppression device 40 and the electric vehicle battery module 10 along the cross-sectional direction BB'. The electric vehicle battery automatic fire suppression device 40 includes an electric vehicle battery automatic fire suppression module 401. A ventilation and heat dissipation space 402 is formed between the electric vehicle battery automatic fire suppression module 401 and the electric vehicle battery module 10. The ventilation and heat dissipation space 402 refers to a space where the electric vehicle battery automatic fire suppression module 401 and the electric vehicle battery module 10 do not directly contact each other, but form a space where air can circulate. The dashed line range shown in the figure is only schematic; it can be understood that in different embodiments, the shape of the dashed line can have different shapes due to different designs of the electric vehicle battery module 10. This application's embodiments and... Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5The implementation method differs in that the electric vehicle battery automatic fire suppression device 40 includes multiple electric vehicle battery automatic fire suppression modules 401, corresponding to the multiple electric vehicle battery units 101. The electric vehicle battery automatic fire suppression modules 401 can be connected in series to form a complete fireproof module, and the first pressure monitor 2042 and / or the second pressure monitor 2072 can also be connected in series or shared to form a complete pressure monitoring module (not shown). The advantage of this implementation method is that the modular design avoids uneven melting of the inner layer during fire, which could lead to uneven powder spraying, or large-area melting that reduces spraying efficiency. Furthermore, the modular design facilitates future maintenance or replacement of the electric vehicle battery and meets actual wiring requirements.

[0055] This application provides an automatic fire suppression device and method for train batteries, eliminating the need for additional smoke and fire sensors or complex high-current monitoring, blocking, and protection devices, as well as the need to install fire suppression activation devices everywhere. It is not only simple but also eliminates the need for regular maintenance and replacement, unlike existing fire suppression and smoke detectors which require frequent checks. The multi-layered structure provides mechanical strength and thermal protection, effectively resisting external impacts and providing protection in the event of a battery fire. The use of dry metal powder or stabilizers, such as sodium chloride or graphite powder, between the outer and inner layers allows for active release and extinguishing of flames upon the appearance of a fire source. This simple yet effective design reduces the need for regular replacement of traditional fire extinguishing agents. The design relies on the natural reaction of material properties to initiate the fire suppression process, eliminating the need for external power supplies or complex sensor deployment and monitoring, thus reducing maintenance costs and failure risks. The modular design facilitates future maintenance, inspection, and battery replacement, and can be used in modular or integrated configurations depending on the application design.

[0056] The embodiments and / or implementation methods described above are merely preferred embodiments and / or implementation methods for implementing the technology of this application, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods of the technology of this application in any way. Any person skilled in the art may make some modifications or alterations to other equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical means disclosed in this application, but these should still be regarded as the technology or embodiments that are substantially the same as those of this application.

Claims

1. An automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device for electric vehicle batteries, characterized in that, The automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device for electric vehicle batteries includes: An automatic fire extinguishing and blocking module for an electric vehicle battery is provided for use in an electric vehicle battery module, the electric vehicle battery module including at least one electric vehicle battery unit. The automatic fire extinguishing and blocking module is a multi-layer encapsulation structure, the multi-layer encapsulation structure including a first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking inner layer, a first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking middle layer and an automatic fire extinguishing and blocking outer layer, wherein the first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking middle layer includes a first fire extinguishing material filled by pressure, and a ventilation and heat dissipation space is formed between the first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking inner layer and the electric vehicle battery unit.

2. The automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device for electric vehicle batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer is a first metal alloy layer, and the automatic fire extinguishing barrier outer layer is a second metal alloy layer, wherein the pressure of the middle layer of the first automatic fire extinguishing barrier is more than 2.5 times the accumulating pressure.

3. The automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device for electric vehicle batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer is a first metal alloy layer, and the automatic fire extinguishing barrier outer layer is a second metal alloy layer, wherein the pressure of the intermediate layer of the first automatic fire extinguishing barrier is 36 kgf / cm². 2 above.

4. The automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device for electric vehicle batteries according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The melting point of the first metal alloy layer is lower than that of the second metal alloy layer.

5. The automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device for electric vehicle batteries according to claim 4, characterized in that, The melting point of the first metal alloy layer is 200–640°C.

6. The automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device for electric vehicle batteries according to claim 5, characterized in that, The melting point of the second metal alloy layer must exceed 1200°C.

7. The automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device for electric vehicle batteries according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first metal alloy layer is an aluminum alloy, including those selected from the group consisting of aluminum, iron, silicon, copper, magnesium, yttrium and vanadium.

8. The automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device for electric vehicle batteries according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second metal alloy layer is stainless steel, including those selected from the group consisting of nickel, chromium, manganese, silicon and molybdenum.

9. The automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device for electric vehicle batteries according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first fire extinguishing material includes materials selected from the group consisting of sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfide, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, graphite powder, and copper powder.

10. The automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device for electric vehicle batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-layer encapsulation structure also includes a second automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer and a second automatic fire extinguishing barrier intermediate layer, located between the first automatic fire extinguishing barrier intermediate layer and the automatic fire extinguishing barrier outer layer. The second automatic fire extinguishing barrier intermediate layer contains a second fire extinguishing material filled by pressure.

11. The automatic fire extinguishing and blocking device for electric vehicle batteries according to claim 10, characterized in that, The first automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer also includes a first pressure monitor, and the second automatic fire extinguishing barrier intermediate layer also includes a second pressure monitor. The first pressure monitor and the second pressure monitor can be connected in series.

12. A method for automatically extinguishing and blocking fires in electric vehicle batteries, characterized in that, The automatic fire extinguishing and blocking method for electric vehicle batteries includes: An automatic fire extinguishing and blocking module for an electric vehicle battery module is provided. The automatic fire extinguishing and blocking module is a multi-layer encapsulation structure, which includes a first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking inner layer, a first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking middle layer, and an automatic fire extinguishing and blocking outer layer. The first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking middle layer contains a first fire extinguishing material filled by pressure. A ventilation and heat dissipation space is formed between the first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking inner layer and the electric vehicle battery module. When the temperature of the electric vehicle battery module exceeds the melting point of the first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking inner layer, a portion of the first automatic fire extinguishing and blocking inner layer will melt and create a hole, forming a spray point. The first fire extinguishing material will be sprayed out from the spray point toward the electric vehicle battery module due to the pressure difference.

13. A method for automatically extinguishing and blocking fires in electric vehicle batteries, characterized in that, The automatic fire extinguishing and blocking method for electric vehicle batteries includes: An automatic fire suppression module for an electric vehicle battery module is provided. The automatic fire suppression module is a multi-layer encapsulation structure, comprising a first automatic fire suppression inner layer, a first automatic fire suppression intermediate layer, a second automatic fire suppression inner layer, a second automatic fire suppression intermediate layer, and an automatic fire suppression outer layer. The first automatic fire suppression intermediate layer contains a first fire extinguishing material pressurized, and the second automatic fire suppression intermediate layer contains a second fire extinguishing material pressurized. A ventilation space is formed between the first automatic fire suppression inner layer and the electric vehicle battery module. In the hot space, when the temperature of the electric vehicle battery module exceeds the melting point of the first automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer, a portion of the first automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer will melt and create a hole, forming a spray point. The first fire extinguishing material will be sprayed out from the spray point toward the electric vehicle battery module due to the pressure difference. After the first fire extinguishing material is sprayed out, if the temperature of the electric vehicle battery module still exceeds the melting point of the second automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer, a portion of the second automatic fire extinguishing barrier inner layer will melt and create another hole, forming another spray point. The second fire extinguishing material will be continuously sprayed out from the other spray point toward the electric vehicle battery module due to the pressure difference.

14. The automatic fire extinguishing and blocking method for electric vehicle batteries according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that, The first automatic fire suppression barrier also includes a first pressure monitor that will issue a first warning signal when the pressure in the first automatic fire suppression barrier drops below 100 psi.

15. The automatic fire extinguishing and blocking method for electric vehicle batteries according to claim 13, characterized in that, The first automatic fire suppression barrier intermediate layer also includes a first pressure monitor, and the second automatic fire suppression barrier intermediate layer also includes a second pressure monitor. When the pressure of the first automatic fire suppression barrier intermediate layer drops below 100 psi, a first warning signal will be issued, and when the pressure of the second automatic fire suppression barrier intermediate layer drops below 100 psi, a second warning signal will be issued.

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