Photovoltaic separable battery pack mounting and testing method and device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic distributed energy storage, and provides a photovoltaic separable battery pack mounting and testing method and device. The method comprises the following steps: respectively issuing corresponding wireless broadcast instructions to equipment in a plant assembly stage and a field installation stage through a gateway or a platform; the equipment enters a broadcast monitoring state after being powered on, receives the wireless broadcast instruction, and executes a test of a corresponding stage according to the wireless broadcast instruction; after the equipment completes the test, generating a structured test report and uploading the test report to the platform through a wireless network; and the platform judges the current state of the equipment according to the test report and provides visual feedback for technicians. The problem that a traditional testing method highly depends on manual operation and is poor in practicability is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic distributed energy storage technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for installing and testing a photovoltaic detachable battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] In photovoltaic distributed energy storage systems, each or several photovoltaic modules are typically equipped with an energy storage unit. This energy storage unit consists of a controller and a battery module. The two are produced separately and transported independently, which helps to reduce manufacturing and logistics costs and improve safety during transportation and deployment.

[0003] Traditional testing methods for energy storage units in existing technologies have significant shortcomings, as they heavily rely on manual operation: installers must manually trigger the test (e.g., press a button), visually observe the indicator light status, and manually record the results. This method is not only cumbersome and inefficient, but also highly susceptible to misjudgment, missed detections, or recording errors due to human negligence. Furthermore, it fails to prevent the installation and use of equipment that fails the test, thus creating long-term hidden dangers for the system.

[0004] Therefore, overcoming the shortcomings of the existing technology is an urgent problem to be solved in this technical field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and device for installing and testing a photovoltaic separable battery pack. The purpose is to achieve automatic triggering of a phased testing process after the device is powered on by issuing different wireless broadcast commands at different stages, and to realize dynamic configuration of test parameters and centralized transmission of test results based on unified scheduling of the platform, thereby solving the problem that traditional testing methods rely heavily on manual operation and thus have poor practicality.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for installing and testing a detachable photovoltaic battery pack, comprising: The corresponding wireless broadcast commands are sent to the equipment during the factory assembly stage and the on-site installation stage through a gateway or platform; After the device is powered on, it enters a broadcast listening state, receives the wireless broadcast instructions, and performs the corresponding stage of testing according to the wireless broadcast instructions; After the device completes the test, it generates a structured test report and uploads it to the platform via a wireless network. The platform determines the current status of the device based on the test report and provides intuitive feedback to the technicians.

[0007] Furthermore, the wireless broadcast instructions include a first type of broadcast instructions and a second type of broadcast instructions; The step of sending corresponding wireless broadcast commands to the equipment during the factory assembly phase and the on-site installation phase via a gateway or platform includes: After the controller and battery module are assembled, the gateway sends a first type of broadcast command to the assembled device to trigger the first production test; wherein, the first production test is used to verify whether the basic functions of the energy storage unit in the assembled device are normal. After the energy storage unit is installed and powered on in the field, the gateway sends a second type of broadcast command to the powered-on device to initiate a phased self-test process; wherein, the phased self-test process is used to perform in-depth verification of the overall status of the powered-on device after system integration.

[0008] Furthermore, the first type of broadcast instructions includes test parameters for verifying the basic functions of the energy storage unit; the second type of broadcast instructions includes a set of parameters for in-depth verification after system integration.

[0009] Furthermore, the method also includes: From each battery cluster, at least two battery cells whose log similarity is greater than a first preset value are identified as the set to be detected; One of the battery cells in the set to be tested is identified as the first representative battery; Test the first representative battery.

[0010] Furthermore, the method also includes: From each battery cluster, at least two battery cells whose log similarity is greater than a second preset value are classified into the same battery cluster; One of the battery cells in the battery cluster is designated as the second representative battery; The second representative battery is tested.

[0011] Furthermore, the method also includes: Battery clusters that meet the preset conditions are identified as reference clusters; The battery cluster connected to the reference cluster is used as the cluster under test, and the reference cluster is used to detect the cluster under test. The preset condition is that all battery cells in the battery cluster belong to the same battery cluster.

[0012] Furthermore, after the device completes testing, generates a structured test report, and uploads it to the platform via a wireless network, the process further includes: Receive the test report, and obtain the device serial number, location information, test results and timestamp from the test report; The device serial number (SN), location information, test results, and timestamp are bound together to form an immutable electronic record.

[0013] Furthermore, the method also includes: The device is authorized to enter normal operation only after all tests at the corresponding stage have passed.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a photovoltaic detachable battery pack installation and testing apparatus for implementing the photovoltaic detachable battery pack installation and testing method described in the first aspect, the apparatus comprising: At least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor for performing the photovoltaic separable battery pack installation and testing method described in the first aspect.

[0015] Thirdly, the present invention also provides a non-volatile computer storage medium storing computer-executable instructions that are executed by one or more processors to perform the photovoltaic separable battery pack installation and testing method described in the first aspect.

[0016] This invention achieves automatic triggering of a phased testing process after device power-on by issuing different wireless broadcast commands at different stages. Based on a unified platform scheduling, it enables dynamic configuration of test parameters and centralized transmission of test results. The entire testing process requires no manual intervention; results are reported to the cloud platform in real time, and the system automatically determines the device status, providing intuitive feedback to installers through indicator lights. Deep collaboration between the gateway and the cloud platform achieves automated closed-loop management of the testing process, fundamentally preventing the misinstallation of untested or substandard equipment, significantly improving deployment efficiency and data accuracy, and providing a solid guarantee for system operation and maintenance and quality traceability. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a photovoltaic detachable battery pack installation and testing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating step 10 provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a specific example of a photovoltaic detachable battery pack installation and testing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a distributed energy storage system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure for controlling the charging or discharging of each battery pack in an energy storage unit, provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure for controlling individual batteries in a battery cluster, provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the first battery cluster testing scheme provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating the second battery cluster testing scheme provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another circuit structure for controlling individual batteries in a battery cluster, provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating the third battery cluster testing scheme provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a battery cluster testing scheme provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a photovoltaic detachable battery pack installation and testing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0020] In the description of this invention, the terms "inner", "outer", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and do not require that this invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0021] In this invention, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0022] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, the term "coupled" can refer to an electrical connection that enables signal transmission.

[0023] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0024] Example 1: To solve the above problems, such as Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a method for installing and testing a detachable photovoltaic battery pack, including: Step 10: Send corresponding wireless broadcast commands to the equipment during the factory assembly stage and the on-site installation stage via a gateway or platform.

[0025] For scenarios involving separate transportation of the controller and battery module, and on-site network deployment, this invention addresses the challenge of issuing wireless broadcast commands with different content and objectives during the two key stages of factory assembly and on-site installation via a gateway or platform. This automatically triggers corresponding test procedures, enabling phased batch testing based on broadcast signaling. This achieves "one-to-many" group wake-up and phased self-checking, eliminating inconsistencies and oversights caused by manual triggering. In one embodiment, the wireless broadcast command signal is transmitted via one or more communication protocols selected from Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth, Long Range Radio (LoRa), Wide-range Internet of Things (WIoTA), proprietary radio frequency protocols, or cellular networks.

[0026] Step 20: After the device is powered on, it enters the broadcast listening state, receives the wireless broadcast instructions, and performs the corresponding stage of testing according to the wireless broadcast instructions.

[0027] Upon power-up, the device automatically enters broadcast listening mode. After receiving wireless broadcast commands at different stages, the device sequentially executes the corresponding software, hardware, and / or system integration tests. In one embodiment, by receiving an encrypted wireless broadcast command as a test start command, the device is automatically woken up and enters test mode. This process transforms test triggering from manual operation to a mandatory step executed automatically by the system, completely avoiding human error in testing by achieving automated triggering.

[0028] Step 30: After the device completes the test, it generates a structured test report and uploads it to the platform via a wireless network.

[0029] The specific method for generating the structured test report is determined by those skilled in the art based on the specific use case, and is not limited here.

[0030] To achieve automatic archiving of phased installation data, in one embodiment, at any of the aforementioned stages, after receiving the test report, the platform automatically generates an electronic record. Specifically, after step 30, the process includes: receiving the test report; obtaining the device serial number (SN), location information, test results, and timestamp from the test report; and binding the SN, location information, test results, and timestamp together to form an immutable electronic record. Here, the SN is the serial number; the location information is the location of the device; and the timestamp is the time the test report was generated. After the device completes its self-test, it automatically generates a structured test report and uploads it via the wireless network. The test report includes the device serial number, timestamp, test results, and key performance data. Upon receiving the report, the platform automatically establishes a complete electronic archive, providing a reliable basis for quality traceability and big data analysis.

[0031] In one optional embodiment, the platform automatically associates and archives the test parameters and results of each device based on the broadcast task identifiers at different stages, forming a complete electronic archive covering "factory testing" and "on-site installation". This electronic archive clearly records the health status of the equipment at each stage, providing a precise data chain for quality traceability and operation and maintenance decisions, and achieving digital management by automatically reporting test results.

[0032] Step 40: The platform determines the current status of the device based on the test report and provides intuitive feedback to the technicians.

[0033] In one embodiment, after testing, each device uploads a structured test report to the cloud platform, where the system automatically determines the device status. This establishes an end-to-end closed-loop verification mechanism throughout the deployment cycle, enabling full-cycle status monitoring and closed-loop management of devices from production to deployment.

[0034] The photovoltaic detachable battery pack installation and testing method of this invention supports remote unattended deployment. Test commands can be remotely issued and results transmitted by those skilled in the art via various wireless communication methods. Only basic physical connections need to be completed on-site; subsequent testing and verification processes can be completed remotely by engineers, greatly expanding the application boundaries of the technology.

[0035] This invention achieves automatic triggering of a phased testing process after device power-on by issuing different wireless broadcast commands at different stages. Based on a unified platform scheduling, it enables dynamic configuration of test parameters and centralized transmission of test results. The entire testing process requires no manual intervention; results are reported to the cloud platform in real time, and the system automatically determines the device status, providing intuitive feedback to installers through indicator lights. Deep collaboration between the gateway and the cloud platform achieves automated closed-loop management of the testing process, fundamentally preventing the misinstallation of untested or substandard equipment, significantly improving deployment efficiency and data accuracy, and providing a solid guarantee for system operation and maintenance and quality traceability.

[0036] The following is a specific example of a method for installing and testing a detachable photovoltaic battery pack: After powering on, the energy storage unit automatically listens for wireless broadcast signals. The test platform issues an encrypted start test command (i.e., a wireless broadcast command), which includes a task identifier and optional dynamic test parameters. Upon receiving the command, the device automatically enters test mode and performs layered self-tests according to a preset process, including hardware, software, and system integration testing. After the self-test is completed, a structured test report is generated and submitted to the platform. The platform verifies the results and generates an electronic installation record. Only after passing the test is the platform authorized for the device to exit test mode and enter normal operation. In actual implementation, testing is conducted in stages, including basic function verification during the production and assembly stage and system integration verification during the on-site installation stage.

[0037] The distributed energy storage device of this invention includes multiple energy storage units, which are used to: listen to wireless broadcast signals after power-on; automatically enter test mode and load test parameters after recognizing wireless broadcast commands; execute a layered self-test process, including hardware, software and system integration testing; generate and report test reports; and switch to normal operation mode only after receiving a test pass command authorized by the platform.

[0038] Based on this, embodiments of the present invention also provide an automated installation and testing system for a distributed energy storage system, including a command issuance module, a device-side testing module, a data reporting module, and a platform management module, wherein: Command delivery module: Sends wireless broadcast commands via wireless broadcast, supporting dynamic parameter configuration. The command delivery module can be integrated into mobile terminal applications or fixed gateways, supporting command broadcasting to single or multiple devices.

[0039] Device-side testing module: listens for broadcast signals, enters test mode and executes self-test process, and generates test report.

[0040] Data reporting module: Reports test results to the platform.

[0041] Platform management module: Receives and stores test results, generates traceable electronic records, and makes decisions on switching equipment operating modes based on test results.

[0042] In one embodiment, a one-to-many broadcast trigger mode is also supported, which can simultaneously wake up multiple devices in the area to perform self-tests in parallel; it is particularly suitable for large-scale deployment scenarios such as whole-village advancement and large-scale industrial and commercial energy storage, and can shorten the on-site acceptance work that originally took several days to complete in a few hours, thereby significantly improving installation efficiency.

[0043] Furthermore, this embodiment of the invention provides an automated testing process centrally scheduled by the platform and gateway. The system automatically triggers tests in the following two key stages by sending specific wireless broadcast commands from the gateway, and the content of the two broadcast commands differs from the test objectives: In one embodiment, the wireless broadcast instructions include a first type of broadcast instructions and a second type of broadcast instructions; such as Figure 2 As shown, step 10 includes: Step 101: After the controller and battery module are assembled, the gateway sends a first type of broadcast command to the assembled device to trigger the first production test; wherein, the first production test is used to verify whether the basic functions of the energy storage unit in the assembled device are normal.

[0044] The first type of broadcast command is used to trigger the initial production test; the specific content of the first type of broadcast command is determined by those skilled in the art based on the specific use case, and is not limited here. For example... Figure 3 As shown, during the factory assembly stage, after the controller and battery module are assembled into finished products, the gateway sends a first type of broadcast command to automatically trigger the first production test to verify whether the basic functions of the energy storage unit itself are normal.

[0045] In one embodiment, during the first stage, production assembly testing is conducted within the factory. The following is a specific example of triggering and conducting production assembly testing: First, triggering and assembly are performed: After the controller and battery module are assembled into a finished energy storage unit in the factory, the test control platform sends a first type of broadcast command through the workshop gateway. This command is specifically used to trigger the basic functional verification of the energy storage unit itself.

[0046] Then, the equipment performs a self-test and reports: After receiving the first type of broadcast command, all powered-on units automatically enter the production test mode. A detailed full-function self-test is then executed, covering individual hardware performance, software integrity, and a complete internal charge-discharge cycle test. This includes hardware performance metrics such as Battery Management System Communication (BMS) communication and DC-DC converter accuracy. After the self-test is completed, each unit submits a test report containing detailed performance data to the platform. Based on this report, the platform determines whether the unit is qualified and establishes an initial file for qualified products, allowing them to leave the factory.

[0047] Step 102: After the energy storage unit is installed and powered on in the field, the gateway sends a second type of broadcast command to the powered-on device to start the phased self-test process; wherein, the phased self-test process is used to perform in-depth verification of the overall status of the powered-on device after system integration.

[0048] Among them, the first type of broadcast command and the second type of broadcast command are wireless broadcast commands with different content and objectives; the second type of broadcast command is used to initiate a phased self-test process; the specific content of the second type of broadcast command shall be determined by those skilled in the art according to the specific use case, and is not limited here.

[0049] In one embodiment, during the second stage (i.e., the field installation stage), after the energy storage unit is installed and powered on in the field, the gateway immediately sends another set of different broadcast commands (i.e., the second type of broadcast commands) to automatically initiate a phased self-test process to deeply verify the overall state of the integrated system. The following is a specific example of triggering and performing the field installation self-test: First, triggering and installation are performed: After the energy storage unit is connected to the photovoltaic module and powered on on site, the platform automatically sends a second type of broadcast command through the on-site gateway. This command is used to trigger the overall commissioning and verification after system integration.

[0050] Then, system integration and final reporting are performed: the equipment is awakened and enters the installation test mode. This stage of self-testing focuses on system integration performance, and the core includes: verification of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function, charging and discharging logic testing in coordination with actual photovoltaic modules, and system communication stability checks.

[0051] In one embodiment, the first type of broadcast instructions includes test parameters for verifying the basic functions of the energy storage unit. The second type of broadcast instructions includes a parameter set for in-depth verification after system integration. Dynamic parameter configuration enables flexible deployment. Through the first and second types of broadcast commands, various key configuration parameters can be dynamically distributed. These parameters are structured data, including battery management algorithm version, device communication address, MPPT parameters, and charge / discharge thresholds. Test parameters can be dynamically configured according to device model or deployment environment, enabling adaptive testing. This allows the same hardware platform to adapt to different application scenarios through software configuration, achieving true multi-purpose functionality and significantly improving deployment flexibility. Furthermore, it supports phased dynamic configuration of test parameters, achieving precise self-testing. This ensures that the same broadcast frame can guide the device to execute self-test items perfectly matched to the current phase, ensuring the relevance and accuracy of the test.

[0052] In one embodiment, the present invention also provides a safety interlocking mechanism: the method further includes authorizing the device to enter normal operation only after all tests at the corresponding stage have passed. The platform will only authorize the device to enter normal operation after all tests at the factory assembly stage and the on-site installation stage have passed, thereby enhancing system security by introducing a strict safety interlocking mechanism. In one embodiment, the device must pass all tests and receive an exit test command from the platform before it can enter normal operation; if the self-test fails, the device will remain in test mode, technically eliminating potential safety hazards. Thus, through phased testing and requiring all tests to pass before operation, the entire process from production to deployment is ensured to have controllable quality.

[0053] This invention constructs a complete quality verification closed loop by implementing targeted testing in two key stages: production assembly and on-site installation. The production stage verifies the basic functions of the energy storage unit itself, ensuring that the equipment meets quality standards before leaving the factory. The on-site installation stage focuses on verifying the overall performance of the integrated system, ensuring stable operation in conjunction with photovoltaic modules. This phased testing mechanism moves quality control forward, enabling the early detection and elimination of hardware faults during production, effectively reducing on-site rework. Simultaneously, on-site testing ensures installation quality, comprehensively improving system reliability and safety from source to end.

[0054] In one embodiment, different tests can be performed in different stages of the scenario. A specific example is provided below: For scenarios involving batch functional verification within the factory during the production phase, the workshop gateway broadcasts the initial test command after the controller and battery pack are assembled. All powered-on units automatically perform detailed factory self-tests to ensure their functionality is intact and report the results to the platform as the basis for factory acceptance.

[0055] For scenarios involving on-site installation and integration verification during the deployment phase, after the energy storage unit is connected and powered on with the photovoltaic modules on-site, the platform sends secondary test commands through the on-site gateway. The device is then awakened and performs self-tests focused on system integration (e.g., MPPT function, charge and discharge logic). Upon completion, it immediately reports the final installation report, and the platform updates its status to "Installed and verified successfully" accordingly.

[0056] For adaptive testing scenarios in high-altitude and cold regions, in an environment of -30℃, the platform issues test commands carrying special low-temperature parameters (such as "minimum allowable charging temperature: -5℃"). Upon receiving the command, the device automatically adjusts its self-test logic, focusing on verifying the battery heating system and low-temperature protection strategy. If the battery does not support this temperature, the self-test fails and a "battery low-temperature compatibility failure" is explicitly reported.

[0057] In one embodiment, in a field installation and integration verification scenario, tests such as charge / discharge logic and battery health are often required; these tests are triggered and parameters are transmitted via wireless broadcast commands. The aforementioned tests can be performed based on the following structure, such as... Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment of the invention also provides a distributed energy storage system, including: a central controller configured with a processor ( Figure 4 (not shown in the image), memory ( Figure 4 (not shown in the image) and wireless communication interface ( Figure 4 (Not shown in the image); multiple energy storage units, each energy storage unit including at least a battery module (…). Figure 4 (not shown in the image), a DC-DC converter ( Figure 4 (not shown in the image), a power management module ( Figure 4 (not shown in the image) and a wireless communication module ( Figure 4 (Not shown in the diagram). Multiple energy storage units are connected in series to form a string, and one or more strings are connected in parallel to the DC input of an inverter. The central controller performs core calculations, formulates discharge strategies, and issues control commands. Its processor performs calculations (such as calculating total energy, allocating power, and determining current). The memory stores energy data, historical data, and system parameters reported by each energy storage unit. The wireless communication interface receives data reported by all energy storage units and broadcasts corresponding control commands.

[0058] The battery module in the energy storage unit is the core energy storage carrier, used to store electrical energy. The DC-DC converter enables each energy storage unit to independently and flexibly adjust its output voltage and current. The power management module is used to monitor the state of charge in the battery module in real time and detect the current power level. The wireless communication module is used to report the status of each energy storage unit (such as the current power level) and receive control commands (discharge time, discharge current, etc.) from the central controller.

[0059] In one embodiment, in a distributed energy storage system, multiple energy storage units and photovoltaic panels are connected in parallel, and then connected in series (typically 20 to 30 energy storage units per group) to form a string. Multiple strings are connected to the DC input ports of an inverter. A typical string inverter typically includes 8 to 30 DC input ports, sharing 4 to 6 MPPTs (Multi-Level Photovoltaics), with the DC input ports of the same MPPT connected in parallel. The input voltage of a string inverter is generally between 1000 and 1500 volts, and it outputs 800 volts of AC power. The 800-volt AC outputs of multiple string inverters are connected to a transformer substation, which transforms the voltage to 10 kV or 30 kV.

[0060] In one embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the energy storage unit can be disassembled into 3 (or more) independent battery packs (such as...). Figure 5 The first, second, and third battery packs shown correspond to an independent charge / discharge control link (e.g., ...). Figure 5 The first battery pack shown corresponds to the first photocharging switch), and a power supply switch is provided at the discharge end (e.g., Figure 5 The first battery pack shown corresponds to the first power supply switch. All switches are uniformly controlled by the main control unit and battery control module of the intelligent control terminal, realizing independent management of each battery pack. Each battery pack is equipped with an independent power sensor (such as...). Figure 5 The first, second, and third power sensors shown collect the remaining battery power data in real time and upload it to the main control unit. The number of battery packs can be three or more as mentioned in the embodiments of this invention, and should not be limited to three battery packs.

[0061] Based on this, in one embodiment, the first DC power output from the power generation panel is affected by light intensity (such as weak light in the morning and evening, cloud cover, and strong light at noon), resulting in drastic fluctuations in voltage and power. If the fluctuating first DC power is directly input into the inverter after voltage conversion, it will cause the inverter's output AC voltage / frequency to be unstable, failing to meet the power requirements of the base station equipment. This can be addressed by... Figure 5The energy storage unit shown features three independent battery packs whose charging and discharging control compensates for insufficient DC power, mitigating fluctuations caused by insufficient DC power, and absorbs excess DC power to mitigate fluctuations caused by excessive DC power, ensuring stable DC power input to the inverter and thus stable AC output. Simultaneously, completely depleting the battery before recharging accelerates battery aging, reduces the number of charge-discharge cycles, may trigger protection mechanisms due to low battery voltage requiring repair, and could affect battery performance and capacity. Frequent deep charge-discharge cycles (e.g., 0% to 100%) consume the number of cycles faster, while shallow charge-discharge cycles (e.g., 10% to 80%) extend the overall lifespan. Therefore, in one embodiment, a first charge sensor (i.e., SOC sensor 1), a second charge sensor (i.e., SOC sensor 2), and a third charge sensor (i.e., SOC sensor 3) are used to monitor the charge status of the first, second, and third battery packs, respectively. The State of Charge (SOC) represents the ratio of the battery's current remaining charge to its total capacity when fully charged.

[0062] In one embodiment, when the light intensity weakens (e.g., in the early morning or late evening, or when clouds pass by), the first DC power drops sharply. If directly input to the inverter, this will result in insufficient DC input power and unstable AC output voltage. In this case, battery pack discharge compensation is needed to supplement the power gap, stabilizing the total DC power input to the inverter within the rated range and ensuring the inverter's AC output meets standards. A specific implementation step includes: the main control unit monitors the power of the first DC in real time, and simultaneously collects the remaining power of the three battery packs through a first, second, and third power sensor, filtering out usable discharge battery packs with a SOC ≥ 10%. For example, if the detected SOCs of the three battery packs are: Group 1 70%, Group 2 10%, and Group 3 8%, Group 1 (70%) and Group 2 (10%) are selected as usable discharge battery packs, while Group 3 (8% < 10%) is disabled. The main control unit sorts the usable battery packs in descending order of SOC (Group 1 70% > Group 2 10%), prioritizing the closing of the power supply switch for the high SOC battery pack, causing it to output compensation power, which is then superimposed on the first DC power and input to the voltage conversion unit. For example, when the first power supply switch of the first battery pack is closed, the first battery pack outputs 400 watts of compensation power, which is added to the 600 watts of the first DC power, resulting in a total power of 1000 watts, stabilizing the input voltage conversion unit. At this time, the first battery pack only performs discharge compensation and is not connected to the generator board for charging, avoiding the shortening of its lifespan by charging and discharging simultaneously. When the SOC of the first battery pack drops to 10%, the main control unit immediately disconnects its first power supply switch to stop discharging. If the first DC power is still insufficient (e.g., still 600 watts), the second power supply switch of the second battery pack is closed, and the second battery pack continues to output 400 watts of compensation power, ensuring that the total power of the input voltage conversion unit remains stable at 1000 watts, and the inverter's AC output remains stable at 220 volts / 50 Hz.

[0063] In the aforementioned switch-based charging and power supply architecture (e.g., ... Figure 5 Based on the above (as shown), by opening and / or closing each switch, a specified battery pack can be disconnected from multiple connected battery packs as needed, allowing it to perform charging and other operations independently. In one embodiment, a battery pack may include multiple battery clusters. Similarly, in one embodiment, a specific example of a battery testing method during the field installation phase and subsequent phases can be: as shown... Figure 6As shown, an energy storage unit comprises multiple battery clusters, and each battery cluster comprises multiple battery cells. Each battery cluster has a switch connecting to its external power input / output port, and there are also switches between battery clusters. For each battery cell within each battery cluster, based on the detection sensors positioned at the two poles of each cell and two or more corresponding switches, each battery cell can also be isolated from its cluster and its internal resistance can be tested individually. Internal resistance is a core indicator of battery cell aging. The overall health status of the energy storage unit and the independent health status of each battery cell can be measured using the corresponding degree of internal resistance degradation. The specific method for implementing internal resistance detection based on the switch architecture and determining the corresponding health status based on the internal resistance measurement value should be determined by those skilled in the art based on the specific application scenario and existing technology, and is not limited here.

[0064] In one embodiment, each battery cell in the energy storage unit can be detected based on a switch, according to the detection method described above. However, when using the above detection method as the daily detection method for the energy storage unit, the detection is triggered every time the battery cell is in normal operation, and each detection requires calculating, determining, and executing various combinations of switch opening and closing; furthermore, since there are multiple levels of architecture in the distributed energy storage system that need to be monitored, for example... Figure 4 Multiple energy storage units in each string, Figure 5 Multiple battery packs in each energy storage unit, and Figure 6 The detection method involves multiple battery cells within each battery cluster. If the entire energy storage unit, battery pack, or battery cluster is considered as a whole, and measurements are taken only at its two poles, the result is an average of the collective performance of all battery cells. Furthermore, it requires consideration of the connection method between each level of the architecture (i.e., series or parallel connection) for further calculations to determine the condition of each individual battery cell. If the aforementioned switch-based detection method is used for each level of the structure or even each battery cell, the complexity of the computational operations for each detection increases exponentially. Moreover, given the high real-time requirements for monitoring energy storage units, directly using the above method for frequent daily detection to obtain real-time data is inefficient and impractical.

[0065] To address this issue, in one embodiment, based on the aforementioned architecture, the present invention also provides a testing method, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the method further includes: Step 501: From each battery cluster, identify at least two battery cells whose log similarity is greater than a first preset value as the set to be detected.

[0066] The specific methods for determining the first preset value and the quantification of log similarity are determined by those skilled in the art based on the specific application scenario. The first preset value is kept as small as possible and is not limited here. The first preset value is used to maximize the log similarity of battery cells in the set to be detected. In one embodiment, when log similarity is expressed as a percentage, the first preset value can be between 90% and 95%. In one embodiment, an artificial intelligence large language model can be used to process the logs of the battery cells to infer behavioral action similarity based on the log recording format.

[0067] The embodiments of the present invention are as follows Figure 6 The test method is illustrated using multiple battery cells in the battery cluster shown as an example. It should be noted that the solution in this embodiment can also be applied to other levels of architecture in distributed energy storage systems (e.g., multiple battery cells in a battery pack). Those skilled in the art can apply this solution to other levels of architecture in distributed energy storage systems without any inventive effort.

[0068] The battery cell log includes all historical operations performed on the battery cell, including historical actions such as the battery cell being turned on or off by one or more switches, and / or the battery cell being individually charged.

[0069] For two battery cells with consistent historical behavior, such as when the power consumption reaches a certain value at a certain moment, the battery cell is individually charged by closing or opening a switch to achieve charging balance. This embodiment of the invention uses log similarity to determine the similarity of historical behavior, identifying that two battery cells with high similarity in historical behavior within a battery cluster tend to have similar health levels.

[0070] Step 502: Identify one of the battery cells in the set to be tested as the first representative battery.

[0071] Step 503: Detect the first representative battery.

[0072] The specific test items and methods for testing the first representative battery are determined by those skilled in the art based on the specific application scenario. It is only necessary to ensure that the corresponding test items need to be performed on each battery cell in the battery cluster, and no restrictions are imposed here.

[0073] After step 501, if it is found that at least two battery cells can form a detection set, one battery cell in the detection set is used as a representative for detection. During the current round of detection of this battery cluster, other battery cells do not need to be detected. Figure 6As shown, for example, when the first battery cell and the second battery cell constitute a set to be tested, and the testing of the first battery cell is completed, there is no need to test the second battery cell; the health status of the second battery cell is determined using the health status of the first battery cell. The specific method for testing the battery cells in the battery cluster at different stages will be determined by those skilled in the art based on the specific application scenario. In one embodiment, corresponding tests can be triggered according to the actions recorded in the logs to complete the testing.

[0074] In one embodiment, the aforementioned switch-based detection can be performed during the initial stage of energy storage device operation and / or at regular intervals to improve detection accuracy. Simultaneously, during other stages and / or routine testing, the method described in steps 501 to 503 is used. During high-frequency real-time monitoring, for battery cells with high log similarity, this embodiment of the invention determines that the health states of these cells are relatively consistent, and only one representative is selected for detection. The health state of this representative cell is then used to represent the health state of each remaining battery cell in the set to be detected, improving detection efficiency. This achieves a balance between monitoring accuracy and efficiency.

[0075] Based on this, in one embodiment, such as Figure 8 As shown, the method further includes: Step 601: From each battery cluster, classify at least two battery cells whose log similarity is greater than a second preset value into the same battery cluster.

[0076] The second preset value is determined by those skilled in the art based on the specific use case. In one embodiment, when log similarity is expressed as a percentage, the second preset value can be between 90% and 95%.

[0077] Similarly, in step 501, this embodiment of the invention determines that batteries with high log similarity have relatively consistent health states. For example, such as... Figure 9 As shown, for the first, second, and third battery units in battery cluster n, since their log similarity is relatively consistent, they are all classified as battery cluster 1.

[0078] Step 602: Identify one of the battery cells in the battery cluster as the second representative battery.

[0079] For example, the first battery cell is designated as the second representative battery.

[0080] Step 603: Detect the second representative battery.

[0081] The specific test items and methods for testing the second representative battery are determined by those skilled in the art based on the specific application scenario. It is only necessary to ensure that the corresponding test items need to be performed on each battery cell in the battery cluster, and no restrictions are imposed here.

[0082] For example, for battery cluster 1, when the detection of the first battery cell is completed, there is no need to detect the second and third battery cells. The health status of the second and third battery cells can be determined by the health status of the first battery cell. That is, the health status of the first, second and third battery cells is represented by the detection result of the first battery cell.

[0083] In daily high-frequency real-time monitoring, for battery cells with high log similarity within the same battery cluster, this embodiment of the invention determines that the health status of batteries with high log similarity is relatively consistent, and groups these battery cells into the same battery cluster. Within each battery cluster, only one representative cell is selected for detection, and the health status of this representative cell is used to represent the health status of each remaining battery cell in the set to be detected. This embodiment of the invention divides each battery cluster into multiple battery clusters according to log similarity through step 601. Only one battery cell in each battery cluster needs to be detected (i.e., the second representative battery), and the detection of multiple battery clusters can be performed in parallel, thereby further improving detection efficiency. In one embodiment, a battery health report for all battery cells in each battery cluster can also be generated.

[0084] Based on the above battery cluster concept, in one embodiment, such as Figure 10 As shown, the method further includes: Step 701: Select the battery clusters that meet the preset conditions as the reference clusters.

[0085] The preset condition is that all battery cells in the battery cluster belong to the same battery cluster.

[0086] For example, such as Figure 11 As shown, all battery cells in battery cluster A belong to the same battery cluster, so battery cluster A is designated as the reference cluster. Conversely, if a battery cluster contains battery cells that do not belong to the same battery cluster, it cannot be used as a reference cluster.

[0087] In one embodiment, the log similarity of battery cells in the battery cluster of each energy storage unit is first matched. After a reference cluster is determined, the reference cluster is then used to detect the cluster to be tested.

[0088] In one embodiment, before each detection, the detection records of the previous preset number of rounds can be pre-screened to identify battery clusters in which all battery cells belong to the same battery group in the previous preset number of rounds (e.g., the first 3 rounds of log matching in this round). Log similarity matching of battery cells in such battery clusters is prioritized. The preset number of rounds is determined by those skilled in the art based on the specific application scenario and is not limited here. Furthermore, during the process of determining similarity through log matching, if two battery cells belonged to the same battery cluster in that preset number of rounds, the data reading and similarity calculation process for that preset number of rounds can be skipped, and the system can directly determine that the logs are consistent during that preset number of rounds.

[0089] Step 702: Use the battery cluster connected to the reference cluster as the cluster to be tested, and use the reference cluster to test the cluster to be tested.

[0090] The specific method for using a reference cluster to detect the cluster under test shall be determined by those skilled in the art based on the specific application scenario. For example, battery cluster B connected to battery cluster A may be used as the cluster under test, and battery cluster A may be used to detect battery cluster B.

[0091] In one embodiment, such as Figure 11 As shown, when measuring the health status of battery cells by measuring internal resistance, in the first stage, the detection device is connected in parallel across the two terminals of battery cluster A. Since the input and output voltages are known, the internal resistance of battery cluster A can be detected. The specific method of using the detection device to detect the internal resistance of battery cluster A is determined by those skilled in the art based on the specific application scenario and is not limited here. Then, in the second stage, since the internal resistance of battery cluster A has been measured in the first stage and the corresponding input and output voltages are known, those skilled in the art can adjust the switches to disconnect or turn them off, so that battery cluster A is connected in parallel with battery cluster B. Then, battery cluster A can be used as a reference to measure battery cluster B and its individual battery cells.

[0092] In one embodiment, the internal resistance of battery cluster B is measured using battery cluster A by opening and closing the switches in battery cluster B. When the first and third switches are closed simultaneously, battery cluster A is connected in parallel with the battery under test in battery cluster B. For example, each battery cell in battery cluster B is used as the battery under test, and battery cluster A is used to test each battery under test in battery cluster B. Battery cluster B includes multiple switches to enable independent charging and / or discharging of each battery cell in battery cluster B. After the battery cells in one battery cluster A have been tested, for other battery clusters B that are connected in series with it, this embodiment of the invention utilizes the arrangement of open or closed switches to enable only one battery cell in battery cluster A and battery cluster B to be connected in parallel independently each time. Since the input and output voltages and the internal resistance of battery cluster A are known, the internal resistance of one battery cell in battery cluster B can be measured. Thus, for a tested battery cluster, its adjacent battery clusters can be tested based on the health status of the tested battery cluster itself. The specific method of independently testing each battery cell is determined by those skilled in the art according to the specific application scenario and is not limited here.

[0093] An energy storage unit comprises multiple battery clusters. This invention provides a scheme for parallel testing of multiple energy storage units. With at least one reference cluster in each energy storage unit, there is no need for dedicated testing equipment or external power input; the battery cluster itself performs its own testing (i.e., it uses the reference cluster to test other battery clusters within the same energy storage unit). Thus, multiple energy storage units can be tested simultaneously in parallel. This parallel testing method significantly improves testing efficiency while saving on external testing equipment.

[0094] It's important to clarify that the preset condition means that a battery cluster can only be considered a reference cluster and used when the health status of all battery cells in the entire cluster reaches a certain level. If there are battery cells with inconsistent health status within the reference cluster (e.g., battery cluster A), its equivalent internal resistance R_A will be unstable, leading to large errors in the test results. Specifically, from a circuit model perspective, a battery cluster consisting of n individual battery cells connected in series can be equivalent to a voltage source V_total and an internal resistance R_total. When the individual cells are inconsistent, V_total = Σ(open-circuit voltage of each cell). If the state of charge (SOC) of each cell is different, V_total will drift under load due to the different changes in individual cell voltages. R_total = Σ(internal resistance of each cell), but since the actual current is the same, a cell with a larger internal resistance will produce a larger voltage drop, causing the cell voltage to no longer conform to a simple linear model. Therefore, when an inconsistent battery cluster is used as a reference source, its equivalent internal resistance is no longer a constant, but a function of current and SOC, leading to unreliable test results. If the reference cluster does not meet the preset conditions, the battery cluster can only be used as the cluster to be tested, not as a reference source. Since the embodiments of the present invention perform mutual testing between battery clusters and use the detection data of the reference cluster as the reference source, it is necessary to use a battery cluster with a known health status and good consistency (i.e., meeting the preset conditions) as a reliable reference value.

[0095] In one embodiment, when testing each battery under test in battery cluster B using battery cluster A, battery cluster A has been calibrated by an external testing device, its internal resistance R_A and open-circuit voltage V_A_ocv are known, and the log similarity of all battery cells in battery cluster A is extremely high. Before connecting battery cluster A and battery cluster B, the open-circuit voltages of battery cluster A and battery cluster B are measured separately. The corresponding switches are closed, and battery cluster A discharges (or charges) to battery cluster B, forming a current I. The voltages V_A and V_B across battery cluster A and battery cluster B, as well as the current I, are measured simultaneously. The circuit equations are established: for battery cluster A, V_A = V_A_ocv - I × R_A; for battery cluster B: V_B = V_B_ocv - I × R_B. Since V_A, V_B, I, V_A_ocv, and R_A are known, the open-circuit voltage V_B_ocv and internal resistance R_B of battery cluster B can be solved. By adjusting the switches in battery cluster B (e.g., ...), the open-circuit voltage V_B_ocv and internal resistance R_B can be determined. Figure 11 (Not shown in the diagram) The closing and opening method allows only one battery cell in battery cluster B to be independently connected to battery cluster A. For the battery cell in battery cluster B that is independently connected to battery cluster A, the measurement of its internal resistance is the same as the measurement method for battery cluster B mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.

[0096] like Figure 12The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the architecture of a photovoltaic detachable battery pack installation and testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. This photovoltaic detachable battery pack installation and testing device includes one or more processors 21 and a memory 22. Figure 12 Take a processor 21 as an example.

[0097] Processor 21 and memory 22 can be connected via a bus or other means. Figure 12 Taking the example of a connection between China and Israel via a bus.

[0098] The memory 22, as a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-volatile software programs and non-volatile computer-executable programs, such as the photovoltaic detachable battery pack installation and testing method in Embodiment 1. The processor 21 executes the photovoltaic detachable battery pack installation and testing method by running the non-volatile software programs and instructions stored in the memory 22.

[0099] Memory 22 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, memory 22 may optionally include memory remotely located relative to processor 21, which can be connected to processor 21 via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0100] The program instructions / modules are stored in the memory 22. When executed by one or more processors 21, they perform the photovoltaic separable battery pack installation and testing method in Embodiment 1 above, for example, performing each step of the photovoltaic separable battery pack installation and testing method described above.

[0101] It is worth noting that the information interaction and execution process between the modules and units in the above-mentioned device and system are based on the same concept as the processing method embodiment of the present invention. For details, please refer to the description in the method embodiment of the present invention, and will not be repeated here.

[0102] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which may include: read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk, etc.

[0103] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for installing and testing a detachable photovoltaic battery pack, characterized in that, include: The corresponding wireless broadcast commands are sent to the equipment during the factory assembly stage and the on-site installation stage through a gateway or platform; After the device is powered on, it enters a broadcast listening state, receives the wireless broadcast instructions, and performs the corresponding stage of testing according to the wireless broadcast instructions; After the device completes the test, it generates a structured test report and uploads it to the platform via a wireless network. The platform determines the current status of the device based on the test report and provides intuitive feedback to the technicians.

2. The method for installing and testing a detachable photovoltaic battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wireless broadcast instructions include a first type of broadcast instructions and a second type of broadcast instructions; The method further includes: After the controller and battery module are assembled, the gateway sends a first type of broadcast command to the assembled device to trigger the first production test; wherein, the first production test is used to verify whether the basic functions of the energy storage unit in the assembled device are normal. After the energy storage unit is installed and powered on in the field, the gateway sends a second type of broadcast command to the powered-on device to initiate a phased self-test process; wherein, the phased self-test process is used to perform in-depth verification of the overall status of the powered-on device after system integration.

3. The method for installing and testing a detachable photovoltaic battery pack according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first type of broadcast instruction includes test parameters for verifying the basic functions of the energy storage unit; the second type of broadcast instruction includes a set of parameters for in-depth verification after system integration.

4. The method for installing and testing a detachable photovoltaic battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: From each battery cluster, at least two battery cells whose log similarity is greater than a first preset value are identified as the set to be detected; One of the battery cells in the set to be tested is identified as the first representative battery; Test the first representative battery.

5. The method for installing and testing a detachable photovoltaic battery pack according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method further includes: From each battery cluster, at least two battery cells whose log similarity is greater than a second preset value are classified into the same battery cluster; One of the battery cells in the battery cluster is designated as the second representative battery; The second representative battery is tested.

6. The method for installing and testing a detachable photovoltaic battery pack according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method further includes: Battery clusters that meet the preset conditions are identified as reference clusters; The battery cluster connected to the reference cluster is used as the cluster under test, and the reference cluster is used to detect the cluster under test. The preset condition is that all battery cells in the battery cluster belong to the same battery cluster.

7. The method for installing and testing a detachable photovoltaic battery pack according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive the test report, and obtain the device serial number, location information, test results and timestamp from the test report; The device serial number (SN), location information, test results, and timestamp are bound together to form an immutable electronic record.

8. The method for installing and testing a detachable photovoltaic battery pack according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method further includes: The device is authorized to enter normal operation only after all tests at the corresponding stage have passed.

9. A non-volatile computer storage medium, characterized in that, The computer storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which are executed by one or more processors to perform the photovoltaic separable battery pack installation and testing method according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. A photovoltaic detachable battery pack installation and testing device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; And a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the processor for performing the photovoltaic separable battery pack installation and testing method according to any one of claims 1-8.

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