Emergency oil-water separation device and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of filtering devices, and relates to an emergency oil-water separation device and method.The device comprises a barrel, a cover, a first filtering assembly and a second filtering assembly, a transition plate is installed in the barrel and divides the interior of the barrel into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, and the first filtering assembly is rotationally connected into the lower cavity; the second filtering assembly is detachably connected into the upper cavity, and the cover body is detachably connected to the top of the cylinder body; the emergency oil-water separation device provided by the invention effectively solves the problems of difficult deployment, strong energy dependence and the like in an emergency scene in the prior art, and realizes rapid deployment, efficient separation and energy self-sufficiency in the emergency scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of filtration technology, and more specifically, to an emergency oil-water separation device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Oil depots, as critical facilities for fuel storage and distribution, are prone to sudden leaks that can trigger secondary disasters, seriously threatening personnel safety, the ecological environment, and economic operations. Currently, emergency recovery relies heavily on simple equipment such as hand-cranked pumps to recover oil-water mixtures, which are then transported to refineries for centralized processing. This method is complex, time-consuming, and makes it difficult to achieve rapid response and on-site purification and reuse of oil at the accident site.

[0003] In terms of oily waste treatment technology, although centrifugation is widely used in industry for oil-water separation, its separation efficiency for micron-sized oil-water emulsions is limited. While superhydrophobic membrane separation technology theoretically possesses good selective separation capabilities, its performance often degrades in practical applications due to instability in the interfacial wetting state. Furthermore, existing separation processes mostly rely on stationary equipment and external power sources, making them difficult to deploy quickly in special terrains such as the field and mountains, which greatly limits their applicability in emergency leakage scenarios.

[0004] In summary, existing technologies rely on fixed equipment and external energy sources, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the needs of rapid deployment and efficient isolation in emergency scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an emergency oil-water separation device and method to solve the problem that existing technologies cannot meet the requirements for rapid deployment and efficient separation in emergency scenarios.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention, an emergency oil-water separator is provided, comprising:

[0008] The device comprises a cylinder, a cover, a first filter assembly, and a second filter assembly. A transition plate is installed inside the cylinder, dividing the cylinder into an upper cavity and a lower cavity. The first filter assembly is rotatably connected to the lower cavity. The second filter assembly is detachably connected to the upper cavity. The cover is detachably connected to the top of the cylinder.

[0009] The first filter assembly includes a rotating shaft, an impeller, and a multi-stage conical rotor. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the bottom of the cylinder. The impeller and the multi-stage conical rotor are both connected to the rotating shaft, and the multi-stage conical rotor is spaced apart at the top of the impeller. The second filter assembly includes a corrugated plate assembly and a connecting shaft. The corrugated plate assembly is detachably connected to the connecting shaft, and the connecting shaft is spaced apart from the transition plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the connecting shaft has an external thread, and the corrugated plate assembly includes at least three coaxially arranged corrugated plates. The corrugated plates are detachably connected to the external thread of the connecting shaft through threaded holes in the center of the plate surface. The corrugated plates have a plurality of filter holes, and the plate surface is coated with a superhydrophobic coating. The inclination angle of each corrugated plate decreases sequentially in the direction away from the transition plate. The inclination angle is the acute angle between the plate surface of the corrugated plate and the plate surface of the transition plate. The corrugated shape of the corrugated plate is one of sine, trapezoid, and triangle.

[0011] Furthermore, the cover has a first observation window, the side wall of the cylinder has a second observation window, the inner wall of the cylinder has an annular support platform, the corrugated plate near the transition plate is placed and positioned on the annular support platform, and the bottom of the cylinder is also connected to a telescopic support foot.

[0012] Furthermore, the transition plate has a central through hole, and a hydrophobic porous layer is connected to the bottom of the transition plate. The hydrophobic porous layer has a through hole, the upper part of which is open and communicates with the central through hole, and the lower part is flared and communicates with the lower cavity.

[0013] Furthermore, the surface of the multi-stage conical rotor is coated with a superhydrophobic coating. The multi-stage conical rotor includes a first-stage rotor, a second-stage rotor, and a third-stage rotor connected in series on the same axis. The outer diameters of the first-stage rotor, the second-stage rotor, and the third-stage rotor decrease sequentially. The second-stage rotor is spaced at the top of the first-stage rotor, and the third-stage rotor is spaced at the top of the second-stage rotor.

[0014] Furthermore, the top of the cover is provided with an oil outlet; the bottom of the outer wall of the cylinder is provided with a liquid inlet, and the bottom of the cylinder is provided with a water outlet; the liquid inlet is provided with a liquid inlet valve, the water outlet is provided with a water outlet valve, and the oil outlet is provided with an oil outlet valve, and the liquid inlet, water outlet and oil outlet can all be detachably connected to a filter cylinder.

[0015] Further, it further includes an auxiliary drive assembly for assisting the rotation of the impeller. The auxiliary drive assembly includes a motor, a generator, a battery, and a flow sensor. The motor, the generator, and the battery are all connected to the bottom of the outer wall of the cylinder body, and both the motor and the generator are connected to the rotating shaft. The flow sensor is connected inside the liquid inlet, and the motor, the generator, and the flow sensor are all electrically connected to the battery.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an emergency oil-water separation method, which uses the aforementioned emergency oil-water separation device, and includes the following steps:

[0017] S1. Device deployment and pretreatment: Adjust the telescopic support feet and observe and calibrate using the second observation window to make the horizontal deviation of the cylinder body not more than 2 cm; Open the liquid inlet valve, and close it after the oil-water mixture can be seen through the second observation window. After the impurities in the oil-water mixture are intercepted by the filter cartridge at the liquid inlet, let it stand for 5 - 10 minutes. Based on the volume ratio of the stratified layer after standing, determine whether the oil droplet particle size is small, medium, or large particle size type, and based on the oil droplet particle size type, configure the initial flux of the corrugated plate group and the liquid inlet valve.

[0018] S2. Coarse separation and regulation: After configuring the corrugated plate group, open the liquid inlet valve, and the oil-water mixture undergoes vortex coarse separation through the first filter assembly in the lower cavity; Monitor through the second observation window. If the rising height of the oil layer does not reach 2 / 3 of the visible height of the upper cavity within 5 minutes, it is determined that the coarse separation is unqualified. Start the auxiliary drive assembly according to the oil droplet particle size type and adjust the flux of the liquid inlet valve.

[0019] S3. Fine separation and recovery: The liquid that meets the qualified condition of coarse separation enters the upper cavity and flows through the corrugated plate group for fine separation; Take a sample of the oil phase at the oil outlet. When there are no visible suspended water droplets in the oil sample and the oil phase content ≥ 95%, it is determined that the fine separation is qualified, and the oil phase is recovered. Otherwise, it is determined as unqualified; Neutralize the water phase at the water outlet to a pH of 6.0 - 7.5 and then discharge it; Monitor the fine separation oil sample. If the oil phase sampling at the oil outlet is unqualified for 10 consecutive times, wash each corrugated plate in the corrugated plate group in turn until there are no visible suspended water droplets in the oil phase sampling at the oil outlet and the oil phase content ≥ 95%; If the oil phase content at the oil outlet in a single sampling is less than 80%, replace each corrugated plate in the corrugated plate group in turn until there are no visible suspended water droplets in the oil phase sampling at the oil outlet and the oil phase content ≥ 95%.

[0020] Further, the determination of the type of the oil-water mixture in S1 is specifically as follows:

[0021] Within 5 minutes of standing, if the stratified thickness accounts for more than 30% of the total liquid layer thickness, it is determined as a large particle size oil droplet mixture;

[0022] Within 5 - 10 minutes of standing, if the stratified thickness accounts for 5% - 30% of the total liquid layer thickness, it is determined as a medium particle size oil droplet mixture;

[0023] After standing for 10 minutes, if the thickness of the stratified layer is less than 5% of the total liquid layer thickness, it is determined to be a mixture of small-diameter oil droplets.

[0024] Furthermore, the initial flow configuration of the corrugated plate assembly and the inlet valve is specifically as follows:

[0025] For small-diameter oil droplet mixtures, the inclination angle of each corrugated plate in the configured corrugated plate assembly is within the range of 0°-5°, the corrugation shape is sinusoidal, and the flow rate of the inlet valve is set to 20%-40% of the rated maximum flow rate;

[0026] For medium-sized oil droplet mixtures, the inclination angle of each corrugated plate in the configured corrugated plate assembly is within the range of 5°-10°, the corrugation shape is trapezoidal, and the flow rate of the inlet valve is set to 45%-55% of the rated maximum flow rate;

[0027] For large-diameter oil droplet mixtures, the inclination angle of each corrugated plate in the configured corrugated plate assembly is within the range of 10°-15°, the corrugation shape is triangular, and the flow rate of the inlet valve is set to 60%-70% of the rated maximum flow rate.

[0028] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The emergency oil-water separation device provided by this invention effectively solves the problems of difficult deployment and high energy dependence in emergency scenarios in existing technologies by integrating multi-stage centrifugal separation, corrugated plates, and impeller drive. It achieves rapid deployment, efficient separation, and energy self-sufficiency in emergency scenarios; specifically as follows:

[0030] The impeller of this invention, in conjunction with the auxiliary drive component, mainly relies on the liquid to be separated to provide power. When the power is sufficient, it can charge the battery, and when the power is insufficient, it can assist in driving the impeller, thereby realizing the recovery and utilization of excess power and reducing dependence on external energy. Moreover, the invention has a simple structure and can be deployed quickly, enabling the device to adapt to passive outdoor scenarios and effectively improving its applicability in leakage emergency scenarios.

[0031] Secondly, in terms of separation efficiency and stability, the multi-stage conical rotor of the first filter component forms a gradient centrifugal field, which captures oil droplets of different sizes in sequence; the corrugated plate assembly of the second filter component can effectively handle micron-sized oil-water mixtures through the optimized design of the tilt angle and corrugation shape and the superhydrophobic coating.

[0032] In addition, the telescopic support feet at the bottom of the present invention can be adjusted independently to adapt to uneven ground in special terrains such as the wild and mountains, ensuring the stability of the device and avoiding the displacement of the oil-water separation interface. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a front view of the device provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a bottom view of the device provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the device provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional perspective view of the device provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a partial sectional front view of the device provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the corrugated plate and connecting shaft provided by the present invention.

[0040] Legend:

[0041] 1-Cover; 101-First observation window; 2-Cylinder; 201-Second observation window; 202-Annular support platform; 203-Transition plate; 204-Hydrophobic porous layer; 3-Liquid inlet; 4-Telescopic support foot; 5-Auxiliary drive assembly; 6-Water outlet; 7-Oil outlet; 8-Impeller; 9-First stage rotor; 10-Second stage rotor; 11-Third stage rotor; 12-First corrugated plate; 13-Second corrugated plate; 14-Third corrugated plate; 15-Connecting shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0042] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms indicating orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-6 The present invention will be further described in detail below.

[0045] This invention provides an emergency oil-water separator, comprising:

[0046] The cylinder 2, cover 1, first filter assembly, and second filter assembly are provided. A transition plate 203 is installed inside the cylinder 2, which divides the interior of the cylinder 2 into an upper cavity and a lower cavity. The first filter assembly is rotatably connected to the lower cavity. The second filter assembly is detachably connected to the upper cavity. The cover 1 is detachably connected to the top of the cylinder 2.

[0047] The first filter assembly includes a rotating shaft, an impeller 8, and a multi-stage conical rotor. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the bottom of the cylinder 2. The impeller 8 and the multi-stage conical rotor are both connected to the rotating shaft, and the multi-stage conical rotor is spaced apart at the top of the impeller 8. The second filter assembly includes a corrugated plate assembly and a connecting shaft 15. The corrugated plate assembly and the connecting shaft 15 are detachably connected. The connecting shaft 15 is spaced apart from the transition plate 203.

[0048] The cylinder 2 serves as the core supporting frame of the device, and its overall structure is a hollow column, providing a closed physical space for oil-water separation.

[0049] The transition plate 203 is horizontally positioned in the middle of the inner cavity of the cylinder 2, rigidly dividing the cylinder 2 into an upper cavity (fine partition) and a lower cavity (coarse partition). The central through hole of the transition plate 203 is the only channel for the liquid in the lower cavity to flow into the upper cavity, so as to prevent the oil-water mixture that has not been coarsely separated from entering the upper cavity.

[0050] The two ends of the rotating shaft are connected to the impeller 8 and the multi-stage conical rotor, respectively, so that the rotational power of the impeller 8 is directly transmitted to the multi-stage conical rotor, so that the two rotate synchronously. The impeller 8 is a power receiving component, which is installed on the side of the lower cavity near the oil outlet 7. It can be driven to rotate by the impact force of the liquid entering through the liquid inlet 3, or driven by the auxiliary drive component 5, so as to provide rotational power for the entire first filter component. The rotation of the multi-stage conical rotor forms a conical vortex field in the lower cavity, so that the oil phase, as a light phase component, rises into the upper cavity under the guidance of the vortex and the hydrophobic porous layer 204, and completes coarse separation.

[0051] Furthermore, the connecting shaft 15 is provided with external threads, and the corrugated plate assembly includes at least three coaxially arranged corrugated plates. The corrugated plates are detachably connected to the external threads of the connecting shaft 15 through threaded holes opened in the center of the plate surface. The corrugated plates are provided with a number of filter holes, and the plate surface is coated with a superhydrophobic coating. The inclination angle of each corrugated plate decreases sequentially in the direction away from the transition plate 203. The inclination angle is the acute angle between the plate surface of the corrugated plate and the plate surface of the transition plate 203. The corrugated shape of the corrugated plate is one of sine, trapezoid and triangle.

[0052] The connecting shaft 15 is the mounting and positioning component for the corrugated plate assembly. Its external thread provides the foundation for the installation of the corrugated plates. The external thread of the connecting shaft 15 is connected one-to-one with the central threaded hole of each corrugated plate. At the same time, the connecting shaft 15 can control the spacing between adjacent corrugated plates by adjusting the thread insertion depth, ensuring that each corrugated plate forms an independent filter layer, avoiding the clogging of the filter channel caused by the plates sticking together, and further ensuring smooth flow.

[0053] For reference, in this embodiment, a small-diameter oil droplet is used as an example for explanation. The corrugated plate assembly includes a first corrugated plate 12, a second corrugated plate 13, and a third corrugated plate 14. The first corrugated plate 12, the second corrugated plate 13, and the third corrugated plate 14 are all set as low-angle corrugated plates (0°-5°), and the waveforms are all sinusoidal. Among them, the first corrugated plate has an angle of 5 degrees, the second corrugated plate has an angle of 2.5 degrees, and the third corrugated plate has an angle of 0 degrees. The corrugated plates are all coated with superhydrophobic coatings (such as silicon-based superhydrophobic coatings, inorganic nano superhydrophobic coatings, etc.) to reduce the friction between the liquid and the plate surface, prevent the liquid from forming eddies or stagnation due to adhesion to the plate surface, and ensure smooth flow transition.

[0054] The gradient of the inclination angles of the first corrugated plate 12, the second corrugated plate 13, and the third corrugated plate 14 gradually smooths the flow direction of the liquid as it passes through the corrugated plate assembly, as detailed below:

[0055] The liquid (mainly oil phase with a small amount of unseparated water phase) after coarse separation by the first filtration component flows from the lower cavity (coarse separation section) through the through holes of the hydrophobic porous layer 204, the central through hole of the transition plate 203, and overflows upwards into the upper cavity (fine separation section); after fine separation by the corrugated plate group, the oil phase (light phase) flows upwards along the surface of the corrugated plate and finally accumulates at the top of the upper cavity, and is recovered from the oil outlet 7 of the cover;

[0056] The first corrugated plate 12 has an inclination angle of 5°, which can generate a strong flow direction deflection and promote oil droplet collision and initial separation; the second corrugated plate 13 has an inclination angle of 2.5°, which is the transition stage, with a moderate change in flow direction;

[0057] The third corrugated plate has an inclination angle of 0 degrees and a flow direction that is close to vertical, which is conducive to the upward floating of oil droplets and fine filtration.

[0058] The unseparated aqueous phase (heavy phase) flows downward back to the lower cavity due to gravity, the repulsion of the superhydrophobic coating, and the guidance of the corrugated plate filter holes, and is finally discharged from the outlet at the bottom of the cylinder.

[0059] The three elements work together to form a graded processing flow of "rapid separation - smooth transition - fine separation";

[0060] The filter holes on the corrugated plate are evenly distributed on its surface, and the edges of the filter holes are rounded to ensure liquid flow efficiency and avoid sharp edges from damaging the oil droplet coalescence effect. The specific hole diameter can be set according to actual usage requirements.

[0061] In the "rapid separation-smooth transition-fine separation" staged process, corrugated plates with different inclination angles and waveforms achieve synergistic effects through functional gradient design: high-angle corrugated plates utilize gravity and micro-turbulence to accelerate the rapid separation of large particles; medium-angle corrugated plates achieve a smooth transition by slowing the flow velocity and mechanical interception, avoiding backmixing of impurities, or horizontal composite corrugated plates (sine + trapezoidal) complete the fine separation of small particles with a uniform flow field and an integrated "aggregation-interception" structure; low-angle corrugated plates achieve secondary separation of small particles and uniform fluid distribution by slowing the flow velocity and suppressing turbulence, acting as a "buffer stabilizer" connecting rapid separation and fine separation in the staged process, improving system efficiency and operational stability. This staged setup optimizes treatment efficiency for particles of different sizes, reduces energy loss and pollution risks, and adapts to complex operating conditions through structural combinations, ultimately effectively improving effluent quality and system stability in scenarios such as oil-water separation and reverse osmosis pretreatment.

[0062] Sine-shaped corrugated plates increase liquid turbulence and improve contact frequency through their wave-shaped structure; trapezoidal corrugated plates enhance liquid impact and promote oil-water separation through their right-angled edge structure; and triangular corrugated plates break up the aggregation of tiny oil droplets and improve separation accuracy through their sharp corner structure.

[0063] Furthermore, the cover 1 has a first observation window 101, the side wall of the cylinder 2 has a second observation window 201, the inner wall of the cylinder 2 has an annular support platform 202, the corrugated plate near the transition plate 203 is placed and positioned on the annular support platform 202, and the bottom of the cylinder 2 is also connected to a telescopic support foot 4.

[0064] The corrugated plate closest to the transition plate in the corrugated plate assembly is placed and positioned on the annular support platform 202 to provide support for the corrugated plate assembly and the connecting shaft 15. The first observation window 101 and the second observation window 201 are both equipped with corresponding liquid level scales, which can directly observe the turbidity of the liquid in the cylinder 2, the filtration status of the corrugated plate assembly and the liquid level height, providing a basis for operators to judge when to drain water and whether the corrugated plate assembly needs to be cleaned, thus avoiding the discharge of incompletely filtered liquid.

[0065] The annular support platform 202 serves as the mounting support component for the second filter assembly. It is integrally formed along the circumference of the inner wall of the cylinder 2 and protrudes from the inner wall surface to form an annular support surface. Its support surface fits against the bottom of the corrugated plate of the second filter assembly, providing bottom support for the entire second filter assembly. The corrugated plate can be directly placed on the annular support platform 202, or it can be configured with a detachable connection method such as snap-fit ​​connection or threaded connection. In addition, a sealing ring is provided between the annular support platform 202 and the corrugated plate to ensure the filtration performance between each corrugated plate.

[0066] Telescopic support feet 4 serve as the attitude adjustment and stabilization support components of the device. They are evenly distributed along the bottom circumference of the cylinder 2 and are fixedly connected to the bottom of the cylinder 2. Each support foot can independently change its length through the telescopic structure, which can adapt to uneven ground at emergency sites and avoid the displacement of the oil-water separation interface due to tilting. It can also adjust the overall height of the device according to the needs of the site, making it convenient to connect the liquid inlet 3 and water outlet 6 with external pipelines and improving the environmental adaptability of the device.

[0067] Furthermore, the transition plate 203 has a central through hole, and the bottom of the transition plate 203 is connected to a hydrophobic porous layer 204. The hydrophobic porous layer 204 has a through hole, the upper part of which is open and communicates with the central through hole, and the lower part is flared and communicates with the lower cavity.

[0068] After centrifugal pre-separation by impeller 8, the oil phase with lower density is enriched in the central shaft region and reaches the flared inlet. Due to the superhydrophobic and oleophilic properties of the medium, the oil phase can preferentially wet and pass through its pores, while the water phase is effectively blocked due to the huge interfacial tension.

[0069] Meanwhile, the flared structure of the horn-shaped opening of the hydrophobic porous layer 204 facilitates the collection of the oil phase in the central region. On the other hand, it works with the permeation resistance of the medium to regulate the pressure balance between the upper and lower cavities, allowing the oil phase to continuously enter the upper cavity for fine separation under the pressure difference, while most of the water phase flows along the wall of the lower cavity to the bottom outlet 6.

[0070] Furthermore, the surface of the multi-stage conical rotor is coated with a superhydrophobic coating. The multi-stage conical rotor includes a first-stage rotor 9, a second-stage rotor 10, and a third-stage rotor 11 connected in series on the same axis. The outer diameters of the first-stage rotor 9, the second-stage rotor 10, and the third-stage rotor 11 decrease sequentially. The second-stage rotor 10 is spaced at the top of the first-stage rotor 9, and the third-stage rotor 11 is spaced at the top of the second-stage rotor 10.

[0071] The first-stage rotor 9, with the largest outer diameter, is closest to the impeller 8 and generates the strongest centrifugal force, mainly responsible for the coalescence of large-diameter oil droplets; the second-stage rotor 10, with a medium outer diameter, forms a medium-intensity centrifugal field to achieve the coalescence of medium-diameter oil droplets; the third-stage rotor 11, with the smallest outer diameter, generates the mildest centrifugal force field, used to coalesce tiny oil droplets.

[0072] Furthermore, the top of the cover 1 is provided with an oil outlet 7; the bottom of the outer wall of the cylinder 2 is provided with a liquid inlet 3, and the bottom of the cylinder 2 is provided with a water outlet 6; the liquid inlet 3 is provided with a liquid inlet valve, the water outlet 6 is provided with a water outlet valve, and the oil outlet 7 is provided with an oil outlet valve, and the liquid inlet 3, the water outlet 6 and the oil outlet 7 can all be detachably connected to a filter cylinder.

[0073] The filter cartridge, as the filtration component of the device, is detachably connected to the interface ends of the liquid inlet 3, water outlet 6, and oil outlet 7. It has an internal filtration structure (such as a filter screen). Specifically, the liquid inlet 3 filter cartridge filters solid impurities (such as sand and debris) from the oil-water mixture entering the device, preventing impurities from entering the lower cavity and clogging the second filtration component or damaging the first filtration component. The water outlet 6 filter cartridge filters out residual minute impurities in the discharged water, further improving the purity of the drainage. The oil outlet 7 filter cartridge filters out residual minute impurities in the discharged oil, improving the purity of the collected oil. The detachable structure of the filter cartridge can be a threaded connection, a snap-fit ​​connection, etc., for quick disassembly, cleaning, or replacement.

[0074] Furthermore, it also includes an auxiliary drive assembly 5 for assisting the rotation of the impeller 8. The auxiliary drive assembly 5 includes a motor, a generator, a battery, and a flow sensor. The motor, generator, and battery are all connected to the bottom of the outer wall of the cylinder 2, and the motor and generator are all connected to the rotating shaft. The flow sensor is connected inside the liquid inlet 3, and the motor, generator, and flow sensor are all electrically connected to the battery.

[0075] As an auxiliary power output component, the motor can drive the shaft to rotate when the first filter component is underpowered (such as when the liquid flow rate is low or the liquid impact force is weak). This drives the impeller 8 and the multi-stage conical rotor to rotate synchronously, which can avoid the separation efficiency fluctuation caused by the liquid flow fluctuation and ensure that the first filter component always maintains a stable separation efficiency. The motor speed can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0076] As an energy recovery component, the generator can generate electricity synchronously with the shaft when the first filter component has sufficient power (such as a large influent flow rate, strong liquid impact force, and impeller 8 driving the shaft to rotate at high speed), directly charging the battery and realizing the recovery and utilization of excess power; the generator only starts generating electricity when the shaft speed reaches a set threshold to avoid reverse consumption of battery power, and this threshold can be determined according to actual usage needs.

[0077] The flow sensor is embedded in the liquid inlet 3 and can detect the flow rate of the oil-water mixture entering the device in real time. It can determine the power demand of the first filter component based on the flow rate: when the flow rate is less than the set value, it controls the battery to power the motor and start the auxiliary drive; when the flow rate is greater than the set value, it controls the generator to start and recover energy to charge the battery. The specific threshold can be set according to the actual use requirements.

[0078] Example 2

[0079] Based on Example 1, this embodiment of the invention also provides an emergency oil-water separation method, comprising the following steps:

[0080] S1. Device Deployment and Pre-treatment: Adjust the telescopic support feet 4 and use the second observation window 201 to observe and calibrate, so that the horizontal deviation of the cylinder 2 is no more than 2 cm; open the liquid inlet valve, and close it after the oil-water mixture is visible in the second observation window 201. After the oil-water mixture passes through the filter at the liquid inlet 3 to intercept impurities, let it stand for 5-10 minutes. Based on the stratification volume ratio after standing, determine whether the oil droplet size is small, medium or large, and configure the initial flow rate of the corrugated plate group and the liquid inlet valve based on the oil droplet size type.

[0081] S2. Coarse separation and control: After configuring the corrugated plate assembly, open the inlet valve. The oil-water mixture undergoes coarse separation by eddy current in the lower cavity through the first filter assembly. If the oil layer rises to 2 / 3 of the visible height in the upper cavity within 5 minutes, the coarse separation is deemed unqualified. The auxiliary drive assembly 5 is activated according to the oil droplet size type, and the flow rate of the inlet valve is adjusted.

[0082] S3. Fine Separation and Recovery: Liquid meeting the coarse separation criteria enters the upper cavity and flows through the corrugated plate assembly for fine separation. Oil phase samples are taken from outlet 7. If the oil sample contains no visible suspended water droplets and the oil phase content is ≥95%, it is considered qualified for fine separation and the oil phase is recovered; otherwise, it is considered unqualified. Aqueous phase from outlet 6 is neutralized to a pH of 6.0-7.5 before discharge. The finely separated oil sample is monitored. If the oil phase sample from outlet 7 fails 10 consecutive times, each corrugated plate in the corrugated plate assembly is cleaned sequentially until no visible suspended water droplets are found in the oil phase sample from outlet 7 and the oil phase content is ≥95%. If the oil phase content at outlet 7 is below 80% in a single sample, each corrugated plate in the corrugated plate assembly is replaced sequentially until no visible suspended water droplets are found in the oil phase sample from outlet 7 and the oil phase content is ≥95%. Further, the initial flow configuration of the corrugated plate assembly and the inlet valve is as follows:

[0083] For small-diameter oil droplet mixtures, the inclination angle of each corrugated plate in the configured corrugated plate assembly is within the range of 0°-5°, the corrugation shape is sinusoidal, and the flow rate of the inlet valve is set to 20%-40% of the rated maximum flow rate;

[0084] For medium-sized oil droplet mixtures, the inclination angle of each corrugated plate in the configured corrugated plate assembly is within the range of 5°-10°, the corrugation shape is trapezoidal, and the flow rate of the inlet valve is set to 45%-55% of the rated maximum flow rate;

[0085] For large-diameter oil droplet mixtures, the inclination angle of each corrugated plate in the configured corrugated plate assembly is within the range of 10°-15°, the corrugation shape is triangular, and the flow rate of the inlet valve is set to 60%-70% of the rated maximum flow rate.

[0086] The initial flow configuration principle of the corrugated plate assembly and inlet valve is as follows:

[0087] The inlet flow rate is a key factor affecting the stability of the primary vortex centrifugal field and the oil droplet coalescence effect. For mixtures of small-diameter oil droplets, separation is difficult, requiring longer hydraulic residence time and a more stable flow field to complete the centrifugal migration and coalescence of the tiny droplets. Therefore, the initial flow rate of the inlet valve is set to 20%-40% of the rated maximum flow rate. This lower inlet flow rate avoids excessive turbulence that could shear and break up the already formed oil droplets, while ensuring effective start-up of the impeller 8. For mixtures of medium-diameter oil droplets, a balance is struck between separation efficiency and throughput, with the flow rate set at 45%-55% to maintain a moderate centrifugal force. For easily separable large-diameter oil droplets, a larger flow rate of 60%-70% is used to prioritize the processing capacity of the device. At this rate, the shear force generated by the higher flow rate is insufficient to break down the clearly stratified oil phase.

[0088] The tilt angle and waveform of the corrugated plate directly determine the length of the upward floating path and the coalescence efficiency of oil droplets on the plate surface.

[0089] Small-diameter oil droplets rise slowly and require a longer separation path. Therefore, a sinusoidal corrugated plate with a 0°-5° angle is used to provide sufficient contact time and a smooth flow field environment for the coalescence of tiny oil droplets.

[0090] For medium-sized oil droplets, a trapezoidal corrugated plate with an angle of 5°-10° is configured, and the tilt angle is appropriately increased to extend the separation path within the limited equipment installation space. The angular structure of the trapezoidal corrugation has the function of guiding and coalescing medium-sized oil droplets.

[0091] For large-diameter oil droplets, which have a tendency to rise rapidly, a triangular corrugated plate with an inclination angle of 10°-15° is used to guide the oil droplets to quickly converge towards the oil collection area. The sharp peaks of the trapezoidal and triangular shapes can effectively cut the streamlines and promote the collision and coalescence of large oil droplets.

[0092] The working principle of this invention is as follows:

[0093] Under the influence of external power or gravity, the oil-water mixture is injected into the lower cavity through the inlet 3 at the bottom of the outer wall of the cylinder 2. The filter cartridge installed at the inlet 3 first intercepts large solid particles in the liquid. The liquid jet directly impacts the impeller 8 installed in the cavity, causing it to start rotating. The rotation of the impeller 8 is transmitted to the entire first filter assembly through the shaft.

[0094] The first filter assembly rotates under the drive of a rotating shaft. Its core is a multi-stage conical rotor, including a top-to-bottom (reference) Figure 5The system consists of three coaxially connected rotors: a third-stage rotor 11, a second-stage rotor 10, and a first-stage rotor 9. As the outer diameter of each rotor increases progressively from top to bottom, they form a gradually weakening gradient centrifugal force field within the lower cavity. In the strong centrifugal zone (the area of ​​the first-stage rotor 9 with the largest outer diameter), the centrifugal force is strongest, forcing most oil droplets, especially large and medium-sized droplets, to rapidly migrate towards the central axis of rotation, colliding and coalescing into larger droplets. In the medium and weak centrifugal zones, as the liquid flows upward, the centrifugal force gradually weakens as it passes through the second-stage rotor 10 and the third-stage rotor 11, targeting smaller droplets for coalescence and streamlining the flow field, causing the oil phase to continuously accumulate towards the central axis, forming an oil column. Meanwhile, the water phase is thrown towards the inner wall of the cylinder 2 under the influence of centrifugal force.

[0095] The oil column concentrated at the central axis flows upward under the action of static pressure difference, reaching the transition plate 203. The transition plate 203 has a central through-hole, which is the only channel connecting the upper and lower cavities. Below the central through-hole, a hydrophobic porous layer 204 is connected. This layer material has superhydrophobic / oleophilic properties, and its structure is a flared funnel shape, smaller at the top and larger at the bottom. The oleophilic surface properties allow the oil phase to preferentially wet and smoothly pass through the micropores of the hydrophobic porous layer 204 and the central through-hole above, entering the upper cavity; the hydrophobic properties create interfacial resistance to the aqueous phase, with most of the aqueous phase being blocked at the bottom. These aqueous phases rotate downward along the inner wall of the cavity, eventually collecting at the bottom of the cylinder 2 and being discharged from the outlet 6. Thus, the initial coarse oil-water separation is completed.

[0096] The fluid entering the upper cavity is mainly an oil-rich liquid, possibly carrying a small amount of unseparated tiny water droplets, flowing upwards and passing sequentially through a corrugated plate assembly mounted on the connecting shaft 15. This corrugated plate assembly typically consists of multiple plates, such as the first corrugated plate 12, the second corrugated plate 13, and the third corrugated plate 14. They are fixed by threaded holes at the center of the plate surfaces and screwed onto the external threads of the connecting shaft 15, and are supported at the bottom by an annular support platform 202 on the inner wall of the cylinder 2.

[0097] Taking the case where the oil droplet size determination result is small-diameter oil droplets, and the first corrugated plate 12, the second corrugated plate 13, and the third corrugated plate 14 are configured as an example:

[0098] The liquid first contacts the first corrugated plate 12, which has a relatively large tilt angle (relative to the second corrugated plate 12 and the third corrugated plate 14) and sinusoidal corrugations. This design significantly changes the direction of liquid flow, generates moderate turbulence, accelerates the collision frequency between oil droplets, and promotes rapid coalescence and upward movement of the oil droplets.

[0099] The liquid then flows through a second corrugated plate 13, which has a moderate inclination angle. Here, the flow tends to be smoother, the turbulence is reduced, and a stable environment is provided for the initially coalesced oil droplets, allowing them to further coalesce and grow, and preventing the separated oil droplets from backmixing.

[0100] The third stage of fine filtration final separation and flotation: The final liquid reaches the third corrugated plate 14. This plate has a small inclination angle. The liquid flow becomes very gentle here, flowing almost vertically upwards. This provides ample time for even the smallest oil droplets to float and a clear interface, achieving final fine filtration. The surface of all corrugated plates is coated with a superhydrophobic coating, which enhances their ability to capture oil droplets and allow them to spread and float rapidly, while effectively blocking residual tiny water droplets.

[0101] Operators can observe the internal liquid level, oil layer thickness and separation status in real time through the first observation window 101 on the top of the cover 1 and the second observation window 201 on the side wall of the cylinder 2, and determine the operation node.

[0102] The auxiliary drive component 5 participates in power management throughout the process. Its flow sensor monitors the flow rate at the inlet 3. If the flow rate is sufficient and the impeller 8 rotates at a high speed, the generator in the component starts, converting excess mechanical energy into electrical energy stored in the battery; if the flow rate is insufficient and the impeller 8 rotates at a low speed, resulting in insufficient centrifugal force, the battery powers the motor, driving the motor to assist the impeller 8 in rotating, ensuring stable separation efficiency. The telescopic support feet 4 are used to level the cylinder 2 during initial deployment, ensuring a symmetrical and stable internal flow field.

[0103] The pure oil phase, after deep separation by the corrugated plate assembly, continues to rise and accumulates in the space below the cover 1 at the top of the device, and is finally discharged and recycled through the oil outlet 7. The separated water phase, which collects at the bottom of the lower chamber, is discharged through the water outlet 6, and the discharged water phase can be neutralized as needed.

[0104] The above description is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above through embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An emergency oil-water separator, characterized in that, include: The cylinder (2), cover (1), first filter assembly, and second filter assembly are provided. A transition plate (203) is installed inside the cylinder (2), which divides the interior of the cylinder (2) into an upper cavity and a lower cavity. The first filter assembly is rotatably connected to the lower cavity. The second filter assembly is detachably connected to the upper cavity. The cover (1) is detachably connected to the top of the cylinder (2). The first filter assembly includes a rotating shaft, an impeller (8), and a multi-stage conical rotor. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the bottom of the cylinder (2). The impeller (8) and the multi-stage conical rotor are both connected to the rotating shaft, and the multi-stage conical rotor is spaced apart at the top of the impeller (8). The second filter assembly includes a corrugated plate assembly and a connecting shaft (15). The corrugated plate assembly is detachably connected to the connecting shaft (15), and the connecting shaft (15) is spaced apart from the transition plate (203).

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting shaft (15) is provided with an external thread, and the corrugated plate assembly includes at least three coaxially arranged corrugated plates. The corrugated plates are detachably connected to the external thread of the connecting shaft (15) through a threaded hole opened in the center of the plate surface. The corrugated plates are provided with a number of filter holes, and the plate surface is coated with a superhydrophobic coating. The inclination angle of each corrugated plate decreases sequentially in the direction away from the transition plate (203). The inclination angle is the acute angle between the plate surface of the corrugated plate and the plate surface of the transition plate (203). The corrugated shape of the corrugated plate is one of sine, trapezoid and triangle.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cover (1) has a first observation window (101), the side wall of the cylinder (2) has a second observation window (201), the inner wall of the cylinder (2) has an annular support platform (202), the corrugated plate near the transition plate (203) is placed and positioned on the annular support platform (202), and the bottom of the cylinder (2) is also connected to a telescopic support foot (4).

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The transition plate (203) has a central through hole, and a hydrophobic porous layer (204) is connected to the bottom of the transition plate (203). The hydrophobic porous layer (204) has a through hole, the upper part of which is open and communicates with the central through hole, and the lower part is flared and communicates with the lower cavity.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The surface of the multi-stage conical rotor is coated with a superhydrophobic coating. The multi-stage conical rotor includes a first-stage rotor (9), a second-stage rotor (10), and a third-stage rotor (11) connected in series on the same axis. The outer diameters of the first-stage rotor (9), the second-stage rotor (10), and the third-stage rotor (11) decrease sequentially. The second-stage rotor (10) is spaced apart on the top of the first-stage rotor (9), and the third-stage rotor (11) is spaced apart on the top of the second-stage rotor (10).

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The top of the cover (1) is provided with an oil outlet (7); the bottom of the outer wall of the cylinder (2) is provided with a liquid inlet (3) and the bottom of the cylinder (2) is provided with a water outlet (6); the liquid inlet (3) is provided with a liquid inlet valve, the water outlet (6) is provided with a water outlet valve, the oil outlet (7) is provided with an oil outlet valve, and the liquid inlet (3), the water outlet (6) and the oil outlet (7) can all be detachably connected to a filter cylinder.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes an auxiliary drive assembly (5) for assisting the rotation of the impeller (8). The auxiliary drive assembly (5) includes a motor, a generator, a battery and a flow sensor. The motor, generator and battery are all connected to the bottom of the outer wall of the cylinder (2), and the motor and generator are all connected to the rotating shaft. The flow sensor is connected inside the liquid inlet (3), and the motor, generator and flow sensor are all electrically connected to the battery.

8. An emergency oil-water separation method, characterized in that, Using the emergency oil-water separator according to claim 7 includes the following steps: S1. Device deployment and pretreatment: Adjust the telescopic support foot (4) and use the second observation window (201) to observe and calibrate, so that the horizontal deviation of the cylinder (2) is no more than 2 cm; open the liquid inlet valve, and close it after the oil-water mixture can be seen in the second observation window (201). After the oil-water mixture intercepts impurities through the filter at the liquid inlet (3), let it stand for 5-10 minutes. Based on the stratification volume ratio after standing, determine whether the oil droplet size is small, medium or large. Based on the oil droplet size type, configure the initial flow of the corrugated plate group and the liquid inlet valve. S2. Coarse separation and control: After configuring the corrugated plate group, open the inlet valve. The oil-water mixture undergoes vortex coarse separation in the lower cavity through the first filter component. If the oil layer rises to 2 / 3 of the visible height of the upper cavity within 5 minutes, the coarse separation is deemed unqualified. The auxiliary drive component (5) is activated according to the oil droplet size type, and the flow rate of the inlet valve is adjusted. S3. Fine separation and recovery: Liquid that meets the coarse separation qualification conditions enters the upper cavity and flows through the corrugated plate group for fine separation; oil phase is sampled from the oil outlet (7). When there are no visible suspended water droplets in the oil sample and the oil phase content is ≥95%, it is judged as qualified for fine separation and the oil phase is recovered. Otherwise, it is judged as unqualified; water phase from the water outlet (6) is neutralized to pH 6.0-7.5 and then discharged; fine separation oil sample is monitored. If the oil phase sample from the oil outlet (7) fails 10 times in a row, each corrugated plate in the corrugated plate group is cleaned in turn until there are no visible suspended water droplets in the oil phase sample from the oil outlet (7) and the oil phase content is ≥95%; if the oil phase content of the oil outlet (7) is less than 80% in a single sample, each corrugated plate in the corrugated plate group is replaced in turn until there are no visible suspended water droplets in the oil phase sample from the oil outlet (7) and the oil phase content is ≥95%.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The determination of the oil-water mixture type in S1 is as follows: If the layer thickness is greater than 30% of the total liquid layer thickness within 5 minutes of standing, it is determined to be a mixture of large-diameter oil droplets. If, after standing for 5-10 minutes, the layer thickness accounts for 5%-30% of the total liquid layer thickness, it is determined to be a medium-sized oil droplet mixture. After standing for 10 minutes, if the thickness of the stratified layer is less than 5% of the total liquid layer thickness, it is determined to be a mixture of small-diameter oil droplets.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The specific configuration of the initial flow rate of the corrugated plate assembly and the inlet valve is as follows: For small-diameter oil droplet mixtures, the inclination angle of each corrugated plate in the configured corrugated plate assembly is within the range of 0°-5°, the corrugation shape is sinusoidal, and the flow rate of the inlet valve is set to 20%-40% of the rated maximum flow rate; For medium-sized oil droplet mixtures, the inclination angle of each corrugated plate in the configured corrugated plate assembly is within the range of 5°-10°, the corrugation shape is trapezoidal, and the flow rate of the inlet valve is set to 45%-55% of the rated maximum flow rate; For large-diameter oil droplet mixtures, the inclination angle of each corrugated plate in the configured corrugated plate assembly is within the range of 10°-15°, the corrugation shape is triangular, and the flow rate of the inlet valve is set to 60%-70% of the rated maximum flow rate.

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