Large-section horsehead layered step shallow hole blasting rapid construction method

Abstract

The invention provides a large-section ingate layered step shallow hole blasting rapid construction method, which relates to the technical field of mine construction, and comprises the following steps: step 1, dividing a large-section ingate into a large-section ingate upper layer and a large-section ingate lower layer; 2, when the vertical shaft is tunneled to the position of the large-section ingate, the blasting depth is below the elevation of a designed bottom plate of the large-section ingate, slag is discharged to the elevation position of an upper layer of the large-section ingate, and gangue I in the shaft is discharged out of the shaft; thirdly, complete deslagging and supporting protection are conducted in the upper layer of the large-section horsehead; and fourthly, the vertical shaft continues to discharge slag to the elevation position of the lower layer of the large-section ingate. The layered step shallow hole blasting rapid construction method for the large-section horsehead is used for rapid digging and building construction of the large-section horsehead or the large-section chamber of the vertical shaft, the construction period is shortened, the construction cost is saved, and the construction efficiency of the large-section horsehead or the chamber is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine construction technology, and in particular to a rapid construction method for shallow hole blasting of large-section gate-type layered steps. Background Technology

[0002] The construction of the shaft gate is a critical task on the critical path of shaft excavation and lining, and its speed directly affects the overall schedule of the critical path. Currently, there are several methods for constructing shaft gates: 1. Full-face drilling and blasting method. This method is fast and efficient, forming the cross-section in one step, and is suitable for smaller cross-section gates; 2. Step-by-step construction method. This method involves first drilling and blasting the upper step of the gate, then drilling and blasting the lower step. The lower step serves as the construction platform for the next upper step drilling and blasting, and a certain length of allowance needs to be left for the lower step. This method is suitable for large-section gate construction, but it also has drawbacks such as frequent changes in construction procedures (drilling, blasting, support, muck removal), low construction efficiency, and long construction period. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a rapid construction method for shallow-hole blasting of large-section gate shafts with layered steps. This method is applicable to the rapid excavation and construction of large-section gate shafts or large-section chambers in vertical shafts, which helps to shorten the construction period, save construction costs, and improve the construction efficiency of large-section gate shafts or chambers.

[0004] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A rapid construction method for shallow-hole blasting of a large-section gate with layered steps includes the following steps: Step 1: Divide the large-section gate into an upper layer and a lower layer; Step 2: When the shaft is excavated to the position of the large-section gate, the blasting depth reaches below the designed bottom plate elevation of the large-section gate, and the slag is discharged to the elevation of the upper layer of the large-section gate, and the gangue from the shaft is discharged from the shaft; Step 3: Complete slag removal and support protection are carried out in the upper layer of the large-section gate; Step 4: Slag removal continues in the shaft to the elevation of the lower layer of the large-section gate, and the gangue from the shaft is discharged from the shaft; Step 5: The lower layer of the large-section gate is blasted and formed in one go, and after blasting, the gangue from the lower layer of the large-section gate is discharged to the surface, completing the excavation and construction of the large-section gate.

[0006] Preferably, the height of the layer 4 on the large-section horse-head gate is 1.8m to 3m.

[0007] Preferably, in step two, the large-section horse-head gate is repeatedly excavated, charged, connected, and blasted layer by layer, and then the slag is removed until the horse-head gate is in the designed position, thus completing the layered excavation and lining of the large-section horse-head gate.

[0008] Preferably, during or after the excavation of the large-section gable gate in layers, a support structure is used to support and protect the top of the layers inside the large-section gable gate.

[0009] Preferably, the support structure includes a top support platform, the bottom of which is limited by a first support rod to the lower layer of the large-section horse-head gate top support, and the top of which is connected to the upper layer of the large-section horse-head gate inner wall support by a second support rod.

[0010] Preferably, the first support rods are selected as two symmetrical sets, the tops of the two sets of first support rods are connected to the top support platform through a variable connecting device, and the bottoms of the two sets of first support rods cross outwards and abut against each other at the edge of the upper surface of the lower layer of the large cross section horse head gate.

[0011] Preferably, the variable connection device has a variable state structure, which is in a rigid state during the support process and in a non-rigid state during the blasting process.

[0012] Preferably, the variable connection device includes a first limiting base, a second limiting base, and a hydraulic telescopic structure located between the two limiting bases. Control oil is pumped into the variable connection device to control it to be in an extended state. Before the explosion, the variable connection device is controlled to be in a retractable state.

[0013] Preferably, all of the hydraulic telescopic structures are connected by the same pump structure, and a pressure detection structure is also provided inside the hydraulic telescopic structure.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the blasting method proposed in this invention enables continuous blasting excavation of the upper layer of a large-section horse-head gate. The entire lower layer serves as a platform for slag removal and support, ensuring the safety of operations such as slag removal and support. At the same time, it provides a working face and a free blasting face for shallow-hole bench blasting rock drilling operations in the lower layer; it provides working conditions for shallow-hole bench blasting in the lower layer, achieving one-time molding. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the operation process of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the well shaft and the large-section horse-head gate in this invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the well shaft at the layered elevation from the slag discharge point to the top of the gate in this invention.

[0019] Figure 4This is a cross-sectional view of the well shaft after the layered excavation and masonry of the horse-head gate in this invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the wellbore from the slag discharge point to the stratification elevation below the horse-head gate in this invention.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the shallow-hole blasting borehole in the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a top view of the well shaft in the present invention, showing the arrangement of shallow hole blasting boreholes in the stepped structure.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the large-section horse-head gate after construction in this invention.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a vertical sectional view of the large-section horse-head gate in this invention.

[0025] In the diagram: 1. Shaft shaft; 2. Shaft gangue 1; 3. Large-section gate; 4. Upper layer of large-section gate; 41. Top support platform; 42. Variable connection device; 43. First support rod; 44. Second support rod; 5. Shaft gangue 2; 6. Lower layer of large-section gate; 7. Temporary support anchor; 8. Blasting hole for shallow-hole bench blasting; 801. Explosive; 802. Filling material; 9. Pre-splitting blasting hole for shallow-hole bench blasting. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0027] See attached document Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 9 This invention proposes a rapid construction method for shallow-hole blasting of large-section horse-head gates with layered steps. This method is an optimization based on the above-mentioned layered construction method with steps, and introduces shallow-hole step blasting. The construction sequence is adjusted. In the first step, layered construction is adopted. First, the upper layer (arch of the horse-head gate) of the large-section horse-head gate is drilled and blasted. The height of the upper layer is about 1.8m to 3m. The upper layer is excavated to the design position in a regular cycle operation, while corresponding support and muck removal operations are carried out.

[0028] The second step involves utilizing the free surfaces of the steps and shaft formed in the first step, employing the shallow-hole bench blasting method to design the corresponding shallow-hole bench blasting, and constructing the lower layer (the straight wall section of the gate) of the large-section gate, achieving the single-stage blasting formation of the lower layer. Through multiple continuous excavations to the design position of the upper layer of the large-section gate and the single-stage shallow-hole bench blasting formation of the lower layer, the excavation and blasting construction of the large-section gate is completed quickly and efficiently.

[0029] Specifically, the steps include the following:

[0030] S1: Slag removal from the shaft to the layer height above the horse-head gate, rock drilling and blasting;

[0031] S2: Slag is removed from the layered sections of the horse-head gate. Initial spraying is performed on the surrounding rock of the horse-head gate arch, anchor mesh is installed, and then re-spraying concrete is carried out.

[0032] S3: The layered section above the horse-head gate shall be constructed in a regular cycle of rock drilling and blasting, slag removal, initial spraying, anchor bolting and mesh hanging, and re-spraying until the design position is reached.

[0033] S4: The slag is discharged from the well shaft to the bottom plate elevation of the lower layer of the stratum, so that the lower layer forms a step with two free surfaces, the upper part and the side.

[0034] S5: Perform shallow-hole bench drilling on the layered section below the horse-head gate, then use explosives for blasting in one go to form the shape in one step.

[0035] S6: The slag removal, initial spraying, anchor bolting and mesh installation, and re-spraying of the lower layer of the gate are completed in one go, and the gate excavation and temporary support construction are completed.

[0036] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0037] 1. The blasting method proposed in this invention enables continuous blasting excavation of the upper layer of a large-section horse-head gate. The entire lower layer serves as a platform for slag removal and support, ensuring the safety of operations such as slag removal and support. At the same time, it provides a working face and a free blasting face for shallow-hole bench blasting and rock drilling operations in the lower layer; it provides working conditions for shallow-hole bench blasting in the lower layer, achieving one-time molding.

[0038] 2. The lower layer of the large-section gate is formed in one step using shallow-hole bench blasting, optimizing the multiple blasting processes of the lower layer into a single shallow-hole bench blasting. This significantly reduces the time spent on frequent transitions between upper and lower layers during the bench method construction, thus improving construction efficiency.

[0039] The most common type of stepped construction is the short stepped method, where the upper step is constructed 3-7 meters ahead of the lower step, and the upper and lower steps are constructed simultaneously. A complete cycle of the process is as follows:

[0040] Construction preparation; drilling and blasting operation on the upper bench; slag removal on the upper bench; initial shotcreting, anchor bolt and mesh installation, and re-shotcreting on the upper bench; after the advance distance of the upper bench reaches the requirement, drilling and blasting operations are carried out simultaneously on the upper and lower benches; slag removal on the upper bench; initial shotcreting, anchor bolt and mesh installation, and re-shotcreting on the upper bench, and slag removal simultaneously on the lower bench; initial shotcreting, anchor bolt and mesh installation, and re-shotcreting on the lower bench; the above operations are repeated until the design position is reached.

[0041] The construction process described in this invention is as follows:

[0042] Construction preparation; drilling and blasting of the upper bench; slag removal of the upper bench; initial spraying, anchor bolt and mesh installation, and re-spraying of the upper bench; cyclical construction of the upper bench to the design position; drilling and blasting of the lower bench using the shallow hole bench method in one go; slag removal of the lower bench; initial spraying, anchor bolt and mesh installation, and re-spraying of the lower bench.

[0043] In summary, the technical solution of this invention can greatly reduce the construction steps of large-section gable gates, eliminating the need for frequent process switching between upper and lower layers, thus improving construction efficiency.

[0044] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0045] See attached document Figure 2 Cross-sectional views of the well shaft and large-section gate, attached Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the shaft at the layered elevation from the slag discharge point to the top of the gate.

[0046] S1: When the vertical shaft 1 is excavated to the position of the large cross-section gate 3, the shaft blasting depth first reaches about 2m below the design bottom plate elevation of the large cross-section gate 3, and then the slag is discharged to the position of layer 4 above the large cross-section gate, and the shaft gangue is discharged out of the shaft.

[0047] See attached document Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the completed well shaft, showing the layered excavation and masonry work on the horse-head gate.

[0048] S2: Drilling, charging, wiring, and blasting are carried out on the large cross-section of the horse-head gate in layer 4. Then, the slag is removed, and the exposed surrounding rock formed after the blasting is initially shotcreted with concrete. Temporary support anchor rods 7 and steel mesh are constructed, and then shotcreted with concrete again.

[0049] S3: After a regular excavation and masonry cycle is completed, repeat the above regular excavation and masonry cycle for layer 4 on the large cross-section horse head gate in sequence until the horse head gate is at the designed position. At this time, the excavation and masonry of layer 4 on the large cross-section horse head gate is completed.

[0050] See attached document Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the layered internal support structure on the large-section horse-head gate.

[0051] During or after the excavation of the fourth layer of the large-section horsehead gate, the top of the fourth layer of the large-section horsehead gate is supported and protected by a support structure to further ensure the stability of the relevant structures in the fourth layer of the large-section horsehead gate and avoid safety accidents caused by ore falling or instability.

[0052] The aforementioned support structure includes a top support platform 41. The bottom of the top support platform 41 is supported and limited by the top support of the lower layer 6 of the large-section horse-head gate through a first support rod 43. The first support rod 43 provides support and limitation for the top support platform 41 from below, ensuring the relative stability of the top support platform 41. The top of the top support platform 41 is supported and connected to the inner wall of the upper layer 4 of the large-section horse-head gate through a second support rod 44, thereby providing support and limitation for the inner wall of the upper layer 4 of the large-section horse-head gate. The top of the second support rod 44 can be selected as an adaptive arc shape according to the inner wall of the upper layer 4 of the large-section horse-head gate to increase the support area.

[0053] The aforementioned first support rod 43 can be selected as two symmetrical sets. The tops of the two sets of first support rods 43 are connected to the top support platform 41 through a variable connecting device 42. The bottoms of the two sets of first support rods 43 cross outwards, which can abut against the edge of the upper surface of the lower layer 6 of the large cross section horse head door, ensuring that the top support platform 41 is in a relatively stable state.

[0054] The first support rod 43, the top support platform 41, and the second support rod 44 mentioned above are all made of rigid materials, which can ensure the rigidity and stability of the overall structure and ensure the safety and stability of the overall structure.

[0055] To reduce the impact of subsequent blasting of the lower layer 6 of the large-section horse-head gate on the upper layer 4 of the large-section horse-head gate, the aforementioned variable connection device 42 is selected as a variable-state structure. During the support process, it is in a rigid state and can be located in the middle to provide stable support for the upper and lower sides. During the blasting process, it is in a non-rigid state and can be extended and retracted within a small range to avoid the impact of the blasting shock wave being directly transmitted along the rigid material, thereby reducing the impact of the blasting shock wave on the upper layer 4 of the large-section horse-head gate.

[0056] The aforementioned variable connection device 42 may include a first limiting base, a second limiting base, and a hydraulic telescopic structure located between the two limiting bases. The first limiting base is fixedly connected to the top support platform 41, and the second limiting base is connected and limited to the first support rod 43 below. The second limiting base and the first support rod 43 can be connected by either a rotatable connection or a tight-fitting connection.

[0057] After the overall structure is arranged, control oil is pumped into the variable connection device 42 to keep the variable connection device 42 in the extended state. This gradually controls the top support platform 41 to drive the second support rod 44 to move upward slightly, eventually pressing the top of the layer 4 on the large cross-section horse head gate against the limit position, thus achieving stable support.

[0058] Before the blast, the variable connection device 42 is in a conductive and retractable state. At this time, the first support rod 43 below the variable connection device 42 and the top support platform 41 above the variable connection device 42 are in a non-rigid connection state. At this time, the impact generated by the blast is difficult to be transmitted upward along the first support rod 43 and the variable connection device 42, which reduces the impact on the related structures in the layer 4 of the large cross-section horse head gate above.

[0059] A pressure detection structure can also be installed inside the hydraulic telescopic structure. During the support process of the variable connection device 42, the pressure above can be monitored in real time during the support limit process. When a sudden increase in pressure is detected, an alarm signal is issued to remind on-site personnel to evacuate. Subsequently, safety inspections are carried out on the relevant environment inside the upper layer 4 and the lower layer 6 of the large cross-section horse head gate to ensure safety before on-site construction can proceed.

[0060] See attached document Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the shaft from the slag discharge point to the layered elevation below the horse-head gate.

[0061] S4: Shaft 1 continues to discharge slag to the 6th elevation position below the large cross-section horse head gate, and then discharges the shaft gangue 2 into the shaft.

[0062] See attached document Figure 6 Cross-sectional view of shallow hole blasting in a stepped formation, with appendix Figure 7 A top view of the well shaft with shallow hole blasting arrangement in a stepped configuration.

[0063] S5: Design the shallow-hole bench blasting boreholes 8 and 9 for pre-splitting blasting according to the shallow-hole bench blasting method. Based on the blasting design, measure the borehole positions on-site in the lower layer 6 of the large-section horse-head gate, perform rock drilling, and determine the loading amount and method of explosive 801 in the boreholes based on rock properties, explosive consumption, and other parameters. Determine the filling length of the filling material 802 in the boreholes based on the minimum base resistance line and borehole diameter. During detonation, first blast the pre-splitting blastholes 9 of the shallow-hole bench blasting, then sequentially blast the middle shallow-hole bench blasting boreholes 8, thus achieving one-time blasting shaping of the lower layer 6 of the large-section horse-head gate.

[0064] See attached document Figure 8 Cross-sectional view of the large-section horse-head gate after construction.

[0065] S6: After blasting, the slag from layer 6 under the large cross-section horse head gate is discharged to the ground surface. Then, the wall of layer 6 under the large cross-section horse head gate formed by blasting is initially shotcreted with concrete. Temporary support anchor rods 7 and steel mesh are constructed. Then, shotcrete is sprayed again, and the excavation and masonry of the large cross-section horse head gate 3 is completed.

[0066] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid construction method for shallow-hole blasting of large-section, multi-tiered, stepped structures, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step 1: Divide the large cross-section horse-head gate (3) into the upper layer of the large cross-section horse-head gate (4) and the lower layer of the large cross-section horse-head gate (6); Step 2: When the shaft (1) is excavated to the position of the large cross-section horse head gate (3), the blasting depth reaches below the design bottom plate elevation of the large cross-section horse head gate (3), and the slag is discharged to the elevation position of the upper layer (4) of the large cross-section horse head gate, and the shaft gangue 1 (2) is discharged from the shaft. Step 3: Complete slag removal and support protection in the layered (4) section of the large cross-section horse head gate; Step 4: Continue to discharge slag from the vertical shaft (1) to the elevation of the layer (6) below the large cross-section horse head gate, and discharge the second (5) of the shaft gangue from the shaft; Step 5: The lower layer (6) of the large cross-section horse head gate is blasted and shaped in one go. After blasting, the gangue from the lower layer (6) of the large cross-section horse head gate is discharged to the ground surface, thus completing the excavation and construction of the large cross-section horse head gate (3).

2. The rapid construction method for shallow hole blasting of large-section horse-head gate layered steps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the layer (4) on the large cross-section horse-head gate is 1.8m~3m.

3. The rapid construction method for shallow hole blasting of large-section horse-head gate layered steps according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the rock drilling, charging, wiring, and blasting of the upper layer (4) of the large cross-section horse head gate are carried out in a cycle until the horse head gate is designed to be completed, and the upper layer (4) of the large cross-section horse head gate is excavated and constructed.

4. The rapid construction method for shallow hole blasting of large-section horse-head gate with layered steps according to claim 1, characterized in that, During or after the excavation of the layer (4) on the large cross-section horse head gate, the top of the layer (4) on the large cross-section horse head gate is supported and protected by the support structure.

5. The rapid construction method for shallow hole blasting of large-section horse-head gate layered steps according to claim 4, characterized in that, The support structure includes a top support platform (41), the bottom of which is supported and limited by the top of the lower layer (6) of the large cross-section horse-head gate through the first support rod (43), and the top of which is supported and connected to the inner wall of the upper layer (4) of the large cross-section horse-head gate through the second support rod (44).

6. The rapid construction method for shallow hole blasting of large-section horse-head gate layered steps according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first support rod (43) is selected as two symmetrical sets. The top of the two sets of first support rods (43) is connected to the top support platform (41) through a variable connection device (42). The bottom of the two sets of first support rods (43) crosses outward and abuts against the edge of the upper surface of the lower layer (6) of the large cross section horse head gate.

7. The rapid construction method for shallow hole blasting of large-section horse-head gate layered steps according to claim 6, characterized in that, The variable connection device (42) is a structure with a variable state. It is in a rigid state during the support process and in a non-rigid state during the blasting process.

8. The rapid construction method for shallow hole blasting of large-section horse-head gate layered steps according to claim 6, characterized in that, The variable connection device (42) includes a first limiting base, a second limiting base, and a hydraulic telescopic structure located between the two limiting bases. Control oil is pumped into the variable connection device (42) to control the variable connection device (42) to be in an extended state. Before the explosion, the variable connection device (42) is controlled to be in a retractable state.

9. The rapid construction method for shallow hole blasting of large-section horse-head gate layered steps according to claim 8, characterized in that, All of the aforementioned hydraulic telescopic structures are connected by the same pump structure, and a pressure detection structure is also provided inside the hydraulic telescopic structure.

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