Automatic reciprocating anti-abrasion mechanism for rolling rod of bearing super-lapping machine and anti-abrasion method of automatic reciprocating anti-abrasion mechanism
By setting axial force transmission components at both ends of the roller body of the bearing ultra-precision grinding machine, and utilizing the synergistic effect of the drive unit and the reset unit, the roller can achieve axial reciprocating movement during high-speed rotation, which solves the problem of severe local wear of the roller and improves the service life of the roller and the workpiece processing quality.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610500646.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
In existing bearing ultra-precision grinding machines, the axial position of the rollers is fixed during the machining process, which causes the contact area to be concentrated at the same generatrix position for a long time, forming local wear grooves, affecting the service life of the rollers and the machining quality of the workpiece.
Axial force transmission components are set at both ends of the roller body, and through the coordinated action of the drive unit and the reset unit, the roller body can achieve periodic and slow axial reciprocating motion during high-speed rotation, thus dispersing the contact position.
It effectively reduces the local wear rate of the roller surface, extends its service life, improves the workpiece processing quality and equipment operation stability, and has a simple structure that is easy to be compatible with existing equipment.
Smart Images
Figure CN122033730A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of bearing processing equipment technology, and in particular to an improved roller structure technology for bearing ultra-precision grinding machines, specifically to an automatic reciprocating anti-wear mechanism for bearing ultra-precision grinding machines and its anti-wear method. Background Technology
[0002] In the bearing manufacturing industry, ultra-precision machining is one of the key processes for improving the surface quality and geometric accuracy of bearing raceways. Existing bearing ultra-precision machining machines typically use rollers to support the workpiece (such as the inner or outer ring of a bearing) and rotate the workpiece by the rollers, while simultaneously using an oilstone to perform precision machining on the workpiece surface. In this type of equipment, the rollers are generally cylindrical in shape and rotate continuously at high speeds during operation, bearing contact loads from the workpiece and the oilstone.
[0003] In existing technologies, rollers are typically kept axially fixed during processing, meaning their axial position remains essentially constant throughout the entire processing cycle. Because the pressure applied by the honing stone to the workpiece is transmitted through the workpiece to the roller, the contact area between the roller surface and the workpiece is concentrated at the same generatrix position on the roller surface for an extended period. As processing time increases, this fixed contact area continuously endures friction, leading to accelerated wear in localized areas of the roller.
[0004] Furthermore, this point-to-point contact and localized wear will gradually form groove-like defects on the roller surface (commonly known as "grooving"). Once grooves appear on the roller surface, these defects will be replicated on the workpiece surface during subsequent processing, leading to a decrease in workpiece roundness, deterioration of surface roughness, and in severe cases, even scrapping the workpiece, thus affecting product quality and production stability.
[0005] Furthermore, because roller wear is mainly concentrated in localized areas, even if other areas of the roller remain in good condition, the entire roller often needs to be replaced. This results in low material utilization and a short service life, increasing production costs. At the same time, frequent roller replacements also reduce equipment operating efficiency and increase maintenance workload.
[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, existing technologies primarily improve the situation by increasing the hardness of the roller material, optimizing lubrication conditions, or adjusting processing parameters. However, these measures can only delay the wear process to a certain extent and cannot fundamentally change the concentrated wear distribution on the roller surface. Therefore, how to effectively disperse the contact points between the roller and the workpiece without affecting the roller's normal rotational support function, thereby reducing localized wear, increasing roller lifespan, and improving workpiece machining quality, has become a pressing technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention
[0007] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic reciprocating anti-wear mechanism and method for bearing ultra-precision grinding machine rollers, to solve the problems in the prior art where the axial position of the roller is fixed during processing, the contact area is concentrated at the same generatrix position for a long time, resulting in severe local fixed-point wear, easy formation of groove defects, short service life of the roller, and decreased workpiece machining accuracy. To achieve the above objective, this invention provides the following technical solution: In one possible implementation, an automatic reciprocating anti-wear mechanism for rollers in a bearing ultra-precision grinding machine is characterized by comprising: The roller body is used to support the workpiece and is driven to rotate. At least two support components are distributed along the axial direction of the roller body, and each support component simultaneously provides: radial rotational support for the roller body and axial movement guidance for the roller body. The first axial force transmission component is disposed at one end of the roller body and is used to bear the axial driving force without interfering with the rotation of the roller body; The second axial force transmission component is disposed at the other end of the roller body, and is used to bear the axial restoring force without interfering with the rotation of the roller body; The drive unit, in conjunction with the first axial force transmission component, is used to apply periodic, controllable axial displacement to the roller body; A reset unit, in conjunction with the second axial force transmission component, is used to automatically return the roller body to its axial position after the drive unit removes the axial force. The drive unit and the reset unit work together to cause the roller body to move slowly and continuously along its axial direction during high-speed rotation, thereby dispersing the wear caused by workpiece contact to different generatrical areas of the roller body.
[0008] In one possible implementation, the drive unit is selected from any of the following linear drive mechanisms: pneumatic drive mechanism, hydraulic drive mechanism, electric linear drive mechanism, electromagnetic drive mechanism, or cam drive mechanism.
[0009] In one possible implementation, the reset unit is selected from any of the following elastic reset mechanisms: compression spring, tension spring, elastomer, pneumatic reset mechanism, or magnetic reset mechanism.
[0010] In one possible implementation, the support assembly is an integrated structure that simultaneously provides radial rotational support for the roller body and axial sliding guidance for the roller body within a single component; the support assembly may or may not include independent rotary bearings and independent sliding guides.
[0011] In one possible implementation, the support assembly adopts any of the following structural forms: a combination of needle roller bearing and sliding sleeve, a sliding bearing and axial elongated hole, or a self-lubricating composite bushing.
[0012] In one possible implementation, the first axial force transmission assembly and / or the second axial force transmission assembly include: a thrust bearing or an axial sliding washer; the axial force transmission assembly is non-rigidly fixed to the end of the roller body to allow the roller body to transmit axial force while rotating freely.
[0013] In one possible implementation: the driving unit and the reset unit are respectively disposed at both ends of the roller body; when the driving unit provides axial driving force, it compresses or stretches the reset unit; after the driving unit removes the driving force, the reset unit releases its stored energy and pushes the roller body to move in the opposite direction, thereby forming a complete reciprocating cycle.
[0014] In one possible implementation, it further includes: a control unit for adjusting the timing and cycle of the drive unit; the control unit is a time relay, a programmable logic controller, or a cam timing controller.
[0015] In one possible implementation: the reciprocating speed of the roller body along the axial direction is 0.1 mm / s to 2 mm / s; the single stroke length of the reciprocating motion is less than 20% of the total length of the roller body.
[0016] In one possible implementation, a method for preventing wear on rollers used in a bearing ultra-precision grinding machine is characterized by the following steps: rotating the roller body at high speed to support and drive the workpiece to rotate; during the rotation of the roller body, applying periodic, slow active displacement along its axial direction to cause the roller body to reciprocate between a first axial position and a second axial position; after the active displacement is removed, using a reset unit to automatically reverse the roller body to return to its original position, thereby forming a complete reciprocating cycle; the speed of the axial reciprocating movement is matched with the rotation speed of the roller body to evenly distribute the wear generated by the contact of the workpiece to different generatrical areas of the roller body.
[0017] Based on the above technical solution, the automatic reciprocating anti-wear mechanism for bearing ultra-precision grinding machine rollers of the present invention, by setting axial force transmission components at both ends of the roller body and coordinating the drive unit and the reset unit, enables the roller body to achieve stable and controllable periodic axial reciprocating displacement under high-speed rotation, thereby effectively changing the contact position distribution between the roller and the workpiece.
[0018] Specifically, the support assembly provides both radial rotational support and axial movement guidance to the roller body, ensuring high-speed rotational stability while enabling low-resistance axial sliding capability. The first and second axial force transmission components decouple the axial force from the rotational motion, allowing the axial driving force applied by the drive unit and the restoring force provided by the reset unit to effectively act on the roller body without interfering with its rotational motion. Based on this, the drive unit periodically outputs axial displacement, and in conjunction with the energy release of the reset unit, the roller body achieves continuous reciprocating motion between two axial positions.
[0019] Through the synergistic effect of the above structures, the contact position between the roller body and the workpiece, which was originally concentrated in a single generatrix area, is continuously shifted in the time and space dimensions, thereby uniformly distributing the contact stress and frictional wear to multiple generatrix areas of the roller body.
[0020] Therefore, this invention can significantly reduce the local wear rate of the roller surface, avoid the formation of fixed-point wear grooves, improve the overall utilization rate of the roller, and extend its service life. At the same time, due to the more uniform wear distribution, it can effectively suppress workpiece machining errors caused by roller surface defects, and improve the roundness and surface quality stability of the workpiece. In addition, this invention has a simple structure, is easy to implement, and has good compatibility with existing ultra-precision grinding equipment. It can be used for new equipment design as well as low-cost retrofitting of existing equipment, and has good engineering application value. Attached Figure Description
[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings are merely illustrative drawings, used to assist in understanding the technical solutions of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the automatic reciprocating anti-wear mechanism for the bearing ultra-precision grinding machine rollers in an embodiment of the present invention; The component names represented by the labels in the attached diagram are as follows: 1—Roller body; 2—Supporting components; 21—Needle roller bearing; 22—Linear sliding bearing; 3—First axial force transmission component; 31—Thrust bearing; 4—Second axial force transmission component; 41—Thrust bearing; 5—Drive unit; 51—Pneumatic drive mechanism; 52—Solenoid valve; 6—Reset Unit; 61—Compression spring; 7—Control Unit. Detailed Implementation
[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can more clearly understand the structural composition, working principle and implementation method of the present invention. It should be noted that the specific embodiments described below are only used to explain the technical concept and technical effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent substitutions, improvements or combinations made to the structural form, connection relationship, driving method, control method and parameter settings of the various components within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0024] I. Overall Structure and Working Principle like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an automatic reciprocating anti-wear mechanism for rollers in a bearing ultra-precision grinding machine, which mainly includes a roller body 1, at least two support components 2, a first axial force transmission component 3, a second axial force transmission component 4, a drive unit 5, a reset unit 6, and a control unit 7.
[0025] The roller body 1 is used to support the workpiece and is driven to rotate during processing; the support assembly 2 is arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the roller body 1 to provide radial rotational support for the roller body 1 and guide its axial movement, so as to ensure the stability of the roller body 1 during rotation and axial reciprocating motion.
[0026] The first axial force transmission component 3 is disposed at one end of the roller body 1 and is used to transmit the axial driving force generated by the drive unit 5 to the roller body 1; the second axial force transmission component 4 is disposed at the other end of the roller body 1 and is used to transmit the axial restoring force generated by the reset unit 6 to the roller body 1. Both the first axial force transmission component 3 and the second axial force transmission component 4 adopt a structure that is decoupled from the rotational motion of the roller body 1, thereby achieving axial force transmission without interfering with the normal rotation of the roller body 1.
[0027] The drive unit 5 cooperates with the first axial force transmission component 3 to periodically apply axial driving force to the roller body 1, causing the roller body 1 to move axially in one direction. The reset unit 6 cooperates with the second axial force transmission component 4 to push the roller body 1 to move in the opposite direction after the drive unit 5 removes the driving force, thereby causing the roller body 1 to reciprocate between two axial positions. The control unit 7 is used to control the timing, cycle, and motion parameters of the drive unit 5 to meet the usage requirements under different processing conditions.
[0028] The working principle of this invention is as follows: During the ultra-precision machining process, the roller body 1 maintains a high-speed rotation state, while simultaneously undergoing low-speed, periodic reciprocating motion along its own axial direction under the coordinated action of the drive unit 5 and the reset unit 6. Specifically, the drive unit 5 pushes the roller body 1 to move along a first direction through the first axial force transmission component 3. During this process, the reset unit 6 is gradually compressed, stretched, or otherwise stores recovery energy. When the drive unit 5 stops applying force or removes the driving force, the reset unit 6 pushes the roller body 1 to move along a second direction opposite to the first direction through the second axial force transmission component 4, thereby completing one reciprocating cycle.
[0029] Through the above structure and working method, the roller body 1 maintains its original rotational support function while realizing the periodic change of the axial contact position. This causes the contact position between the surface of the roller body 1 and the workpiece, which was originally concentrated in the fixed generatrix area, to shift along the axial direction. This disperses the localized concentrated wear to multiple areas of the roller body 1, avoids the formation of fixed-point wear grooves, and helps to improve the service life of the roller body 1 and the processing quality of the workpiece.
[0030] II. Structural Description of Key Components To achieve stable axial reciprocating motion of the roller body 1 under high-speed rotation, the present invention has specially designed the structural form of each key component and their mutual cooperation relationship, as detailed below.
[0031] 1. Roller body The roller body 1 is an integral cylindrical rod-shaped structure used to directly support the workpiece and be driven to rotate during processing. The roller body 1 is preferably made of a high-hardness, high-wear-resistant metal material, such as bearing steel or other materials with similar mechanical properties, and can be quenched, ground or otherwise surface-strengthened according to actual use requirements to meet the requirements of ultra-precision machining for surface hardness, dimensional accuracy and wear resistance.
[0032] In this invention, the roller body 1 not only supports the workpiece and transmits rotation, but also serves as the actuator for axial reciprocating motion, displacing along its own axis under the action of the drive unit 5 and the reset unit 6. Therefore, the structure of the roller body 1 should balance good rotational accuracy, sufficient rigidity, and stable axial sliding capability.
[0033] 2. Support components The support components 2 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the roller body 1, with at least two components in total. They provide radial rotational support for the roller body 1 and guide its axial movement. Through the cooperation of multiple support components 2, the roller body 1 can maintain good motion stability during rotation and axial reciprocating motion, avoiding swaying, vibration, or local jamming.
[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the support component 2 is an integrated structure that simultaneously provides radial support and axial guidance within the same component. For example, the support component 2 may include a needle roller bearing 21 and a linear sliding bearing 22, wherein the needle roller bearing 21 is used to bear the radial load of the roller body 1 and allow it to rotate freely, and the linear sliding bearing 22 is used to guide the roller body 1 to move smoothly along the axial direction.
[0035] In other embodiments, the support component 2 may also adopt a sliding bearing and axial elongated hole mating structure, or a self-lubricating composite bushing structure. As long as it can simultaneously meet the requirements for rotational support and axial guidance of the roller body 1, it can be applied to the present invention.
[0036] 3. First axial force transmission assembly The first axial force transmission component 3 is disposed at one end of the roller body 1 and is used to transmit the axial driving force generated by the drive unit 5 to the roller body 1. The first axial force transmission component 3 should be able to transmit the axial force without interfering with the normal rotation of the roller body 1, so as to avoid the drive unit 5 directly bearing the rotational load from the roller body 1.
[0037] In one embodiment, the first axial force transmission assembly 3 may include a thrust bearing 31 or an axial sliding washer. Taking the thrust bearing 31 as an example, one side of the thrust bearing 31 contacts the end face of the roller body 1, and the other side contacts the output end of the drive unit 5, thereby effectively transmitting the axial thrust applied by the drive unit 5 to the roller body 1 while the roller body 1 is rotating. Through this structure, the axial force transmission and rotational motion can be separated, which is beneficial to improving the overall operational stability and service life of the mechanism.
[0038] 4. Second axial force transmission assembly The second axial force transmission component 4 is disposed at the other end of the roller body 1 and is used to transmit the axial restoring force generated by the reset unit 6 to the roller body 1. Similar to the first axial force transmission component 3, the second axial force transmission component 4 should also have the ability to transmit axial force without affecting the rotation of the roller body 1.
[0039] In one embodiment, the second axial force transmission component 4 can be a thrust bearing 41 or an axial sliding washer. With this structure, when the reset unit 6 releases its restoring energy, it can transmit the reverse axial force to the roller body 1 via the second axial force transmission component 4, thereby enabling the roller body 1 to complete its return motion. The first axial force transmission component 3 and the second axial force transmission component 4 are respectively located at both ends of the roller body 1, which helps to form a relatively stable bidirectional force system and improves the smoothness of the roller body 1 during reciprocating motion.
[0040] 5. Drive Unit The drive unit 5 is disposed at one end of the roller body 1 and cooperates with the first axial force transmission component 3 to apply periodic and controllable axial displacement to the roller body 1. The output of the drive unit 5 should have the characteristics of low speed, smoothness and adjustability, so as to realize the reciprocating motion of the roller body 1 along the axial direction without significantly interfering with the ultra-precision grinding process.
[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the drive unit 5 is a pneumatic drive mechanism 51, which can work in conjunction with a solenoid valve 52 and a control unit 7 to achieve motion control. By controlling the extension and retraction of the pneumatic drive mechanism 51, the roller body 1 can move axially according to a set rhythm.
[0042] In other embodiments, the drive unit 5 may also be a hydraulic drive mechanism, an electric linear drive mechanism, an electromagnetic drive mechanism, or a cam drive mechanism, etc., as long as it can output the axial driving force or axial displacement that meets the requirements of the present invention, the corresponding technical effect can be achieved.
[0043] 6. Reset Unit The reset unit 6 is located at the other end of the roller body 1 and cooperates with the second axial force transmission component 4. It is used to move the roller body 1 in the opposite direction and return it to its original position after the drive unit 5 removes the axial driving force. The reset unit 6 preferably has the characteristics of simple structure, reliable operation and stable restoring force, so as to cooperate with the drive unit 5 to form a complete reciprocating motion cycle.
[0044] In one embodiment, the reset unit 6 may be a compression spring 61, a tension spring, an elastomer, or other elastic recovery structure. Taking the compression spring 61 as an example, when the drive unit 5 pushes the roller body 1 to move in one direction, the compression spring 61 is compressed and stores elastic potential energy; after the drive unit 5 releases the force, the compression spring 61 releases the potential energy and pushes the roller body 1 to move in the opposite direction through the second axial force transmission component 4.
[0045] In other embodiments, the reset unit 6 may also employ a pneumatic reset mechanism or a magnetic reset structure to adapt to different equipment conditions and control requirements.
[0046] 7. Control Unit The control unit 7 is used to control the timing, cycle, displacement amplitude, and operating parameters of the drive unit 5 so that the axial reciprocating motion of the roller body 1 matches the specific processing conditions. By setting the control unit 7, the reciprocating speed, single stroke, and reciprocating cycle can be adjusted according to different workpiece types, roller sizes, and processing cycles, thereby obtaining a better wear dispersion effect.
[0047] In one embodiment, the control unit 7 may be a time relay to achieve simpler periodic control; in other embodiments, the control unit 7 may also be a programmable logic controller or a cam timing controller to achieve more precise or stable motion control.
[0048] In summary, through the cooperation between the roller body 1, the support component 2, the first axial force transmission component 3, the second axial force transmission component 4, the drive unit 5, the reset unit 6, and the control unit 7, the present invention can achieve the periodic reciprocating motion along the axial direction while ensuring the normal rotational support function of the roller body 1, thereby providing a structural basis for dispersing local wear on the surface of the roller body 1, improving service life and processing quality.
[0049] III. Implementation Plan Design To further illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications or substitutions without departing from the concept of the present invention, all of which should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0050] Example 1: Pneumatic drive + compression spring return structure like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an automatic reciprocating anti-wear mechanism for bearing ultra-precision grinding machine rollers, including a roller body 1, a support assembly 2, a first axial force transmission assembly 3, a second axial force transmission assembly 4, a drive unit 5, and a reset unit 6.
[0051] The roller body 1 is a cylindrical structure used to support the workpiece and is rotated during processing. Both ends of the roller body 1 are respectively engaged with the first axial force transmission component 3 and the second axial force transmission component 4.
[0052] At least two support components 2 are provided and are spaced apart along the axial direction of the roller body 1. Each support component 2 has both radial support and axial guiding functions. In this embodiment, the support component 2 includes a needle roller bearing 21 and a linear sliding bearing 22, wherein the inner ring of the needle roller bearing 21 mates with the roller body 1 to bear radial loads and allow the roller body 1 to rotate freely; the linear sliding bearing 22 is fixedly connected to the equipment base and is used to guide the roller body 1 to move smoothly along the axial direction.
[0053] The first axial force transmission component 3 is disposed at one end of the roller body 1, which is the left end in this embodiment. The first axial force transmission component 3 includes a thrust bearing 31. The inner ring of the thrust bearing 31 contacts the end face of the roller body 1 but is not fixed, and the outer ring contacts the output end of the drive unit 5, thereby transmitting the axial thrust generated by the drive unit 5 to the roller body 1, while preventing the rotational motion of the roller body 1 from being transmitted to the drive unit 5.
[0054] The second axial force transmission component 4 is disposed at the other end of the roller body 1, which is the right end in this embodiment. The second axial force transmission component 4 also includes a thrust bearing 41, the inner ring of which contacts the end face of the roller body 1 and the outer ring of which contacts the reset unit 6, for transmitting the axial restoring force generated by the reset unit 6 to the roller body 1.
[0055] The drive unit 5 is disposed at one end of the roller body 1 and cooperates with the first axial force transmission assembly 3. In this embodiment, the drive unit 5 adopts a pneumatic drive mechanism, including a cylinder 51 and a solenoid valve 52 for controlling the intake and exhaust of the cylinder 51. The piston rod of the cylinder 51 contacts the outer ring of the thrust bearing 31. When the cylinder 51 extends, it pushes the roller body 1 to move axially to the left.
[0056] The reset unit 6 is located at the other end of the roller body 1, and in this embodiment, it adopts a compression spring 61 structure. The compression spring 61 is sleeved on the end of the roller body 1, with one end abutting against the second axial force transmission component 4 and the other end abutting against the equipment base. When the roller body 1 moves to the left under the action of the drive unit 5, the compression spring 61 is compressed and stores elastic potential energy.
[0057] This embodiment also includes a control unit 7, which can be a time relay or other control device, used to control the operating cycle of the drive unit 5.
[0058] During operation, the main body 1 of the roller rotates at high speed around its own axis under the influence of the workpiece.
[0059] Under the control of the control unit 7, the solenoid valve 52 controls the cylinder 51 to extend. The cylinder 51 applies an axial thrust to the roller body 1 through the first axial force transmission assembly 3 (thrust bearing 31), causing the roller body 1 to move to the left along the axial direction. During this process, the compression spring 61 in the reset unit 6 is gradually compressed and stores energy.
[0060] When cylinder 51 stops outputting or begins to retract, compression spring 61 releases its stored elastic potential energy, which pushes the roller body 1 to move in the opposite direction (to the right) through the second axial force transmission assembly 4 (thrust bearing 41), thereby returning the roller body 1 to its initial position.
[0061] The control unit 7 periodically controls the extension and retraction of the cylinder 51, so that the roller body 1 continuously reciprocates between two axial positions.
[0062] During the above process, the roller body 1 maintains high-speed rotation and simultaneously superimposed low-speed axial reciprocating motion, causing the contact position between the surface of the roller body 1 and the workpiece to continuously change along the axial direction. This disperses the wear originally concentrated in a single generatrix area to multiple areas of the roller body 1, avoiding the formation of localized groove wear.
[0063] Example 2: Other Implementation Methods of the Drive Unit In other implementations, such as Figure 1 As shown, the overall structure of the present invention can still include a roller body 1, a support component 2, a first axial force transmission component 3, a second axial force transmission component 4, a drive unit 5, and a control unit 7. The main difference between the present invention and embodiment 1 is that the specific implementation of the drive unit 5 is different.
[0064] Specifically, in addition to the pneumatic drive mechanism described in Embodiment 1, the drive unit 5 can also employ an electric linear drive mechanism, such as an electric push rod, a linear module, or other actuators capable of outputting reciprocating linear displacement. The electric linear drive mechanism is connected to or cooperates with the first axial force transmission component 3, and transmits axial driving force to the roller body 1 through the first axial force transmission component 3, causing the roller body 1 to move axially.
[0065] In this embodiment, the control unit 7 is preferably a programmable logic controller (PLC) or other electronic control device, used to output control signals to the drive unit 5 to control the direction of movement, speed of movement, stroke length and reciprocating cycle of the drive unit 5. Through the program settings of the control unit 7, the drive unit 5 can drive the roller body 1 to move a predetermined stroke along the first direction and then move along the second direction opposite to the first direction, thereby realizing the bidirectional active reciprocating motion of the roller body 1.
[0066] In some embodiments, the reset unit 6 can be omitted, and the reciprocating return stroke of the roller body 1 is directly and actively completed by the drive unit 5. In other embodiments, the reset unit 6 can be retained as an auxiliary return structure or a safety redundancy structure, so that it can still provide a certain return function for the roller body 1 in the event that the drive unit 5 stops working, is powered off, or is abnormal.
[0067] In this embodiment, the structure and function of the support component 2, the first axial force transmission component 3 and the second axial force transmission component 4 can be the same as in embodiment 1. That is, the support component 2 is used to provide radial rotation support and axial movement guidance for the roller body 1, and the first axial force transmission component 3 and the second axial force transmission component 4 are used to decouple the axial force transmission from the rotational motion of the roller body 1, so as to avoid the drive unit 5 directly bearing the rotational load of the roller body 1.
[0068] During operation, the roller body 1 rotates at high speed under the influence of the workpiece. The control unit 7 controls the drive unit 5 to periodically output bidirectional axial displacement according to a preset program, causing the roller body 1 to reciprocate between two axial positions. As a result, the contact area between the surface of the roller body 1 and the workpiece continuously changes along the axial direction, thereby achieving wear dispersion and avoiding localized fixed-point wear.
[0069] Compared with Example 1, this embodiment uses electric drive to realize bidirectional active control of the roller body 1, which has the advantages of adjustable motion law, high control accuracy, and easy integration with existing automated control systems. It is suitable for application scenarios with high requirements for roller axial displacement accuracy, motion consistency or process programmability.
[0070] Example 3: Other alternative implementation methods Without altering the core technical concept of this invention, various alternative solutions can be adopted for each component: 1. Replacement of drive unit Axial drive can be achieved using hydraulic cylinders, electromagnetic linear actuators, or cam mechanisms; The cam mechanism can directly achieve periodic reciprocating motion through mechanical structure, making it suitable for scenarios that do not require electrical control.
[0071] 2. Reset unit replacement A tension spring, a pneumatic reverse drive mechanism, or a magnetic reset structure can be used. In a magnetic reset scheme, a non-contact restoring force can be provided by permanent magnets arranged with opposite poles.
[0072] 3. Support component replacement A self-lubricating composite bushing structure can be adopted to reduce lubrication requirements; Alternatively, a sliding bearing and an axially elongated bore can be used to achieve a low-cost design.
[0073] 4. Control method replacement Mechanical cam timing control can be used; Alternatively, a simple analog circuit can be used for timing control.
[0074] Regardless of which implementation method is adopted, the core of the present invention is: under the premise of ensuring the normal rotational support function of the roller body, it generates periodic reciprocating motion along the axial direction, thereby changing the contact wear from local concentrated distribution to axial uniform distribution.
[0075] This core technology concept can be implemented through different structural forms, exhibiting strong adaptability and scalability.
[0076] IV. Motion Parameter Design To ensure that the axial reciprocating motion of the roller body in this invention achieves wear dispersion while not adversely affecting the ultra-precision machining accuracy and equipment operational stability, its motion parameters need to be rationally designed. These motion parameters mainly include reciprocating speed, single stroke length, and reciprocating cycle.
[0077] 1. Reciprocating speed design The reciprocating speed of the roller body along the axial direction should be controlled within a low range to avoid introducing additional vibration or impact. Preferably, the reciprocating speed is set to 0.1 mm / s to 2 mm / s.
[0078] When the reciprocating speed is less than 0.1 mm / s, the axial area covered by the roller per unit time is small, the contact position changes slowly, it is difficult to achieve sufficient wear dispersion effect within the processing cycle, and local wear concentration may still occur.
[0079] When the reciprocating speed is higher than 2 mm / s, the coupling effect between the axial motion of the roller and its high-speed rotational motion is enhanced, which can easily generate periodic impacts or vibrations, thereby affecting the machining accuracy of the workpiece and potentially exacerbating uneven wear.
[0080] Therefore, in practical applications, it is preferable to control the reciprocating speed within the range of 0.1 mm / s to 2 mm / s, with 0.5 mm / s to 1.0 mm / s being a more preferred range, in order to achieve a good balance between wear dispersion effect and processing stability.
[0081] 2. Single trip length design The length of a single axial reciprocating stroke of the roller body should match its total length to ensure that the wear area can cover the main working area, while avoiding the roller end from participating in the processing.
[0082] Preferably, the length of a single stroke is less than 20% of the total length of the roller body, more preferably 10% to 20% of the total length of the roller.
[0083] When the stroke length is less than 10%, the wear area on the roller surface is narrow, and the wear may still be concentrated in a local area, making it difficult to achieve the ideal uniform distribution effect.
[0084] When the stroke length is greater than 20%, the end of the roller may enter the workpiece contact area, which can easily cause end contamination or abnormal wear, and may also lead to uneven wear distribution.
[0085] Therefore, controlling the stroke length within the range of 10% to 20% is beneficial to ensure wear dispersion while avoiding adverse effects at the end.
[0086] 3. Reciprocating cycle design The round trip cycle is determined by both the travel length and the round trip speed. The calculation relationship is: the round trip cycle is approximately the one-way travel distance divided by the speed and then multiplied by 2 (considering the round trip process), and the stop time can be set as needed.
[0087] Preferably, the complete reciprocating cycle is controlled within the range of 30 to 60 seconds. This cycle ensures that the roller surface fully covers different axial positions during processing, without affecting processing stability due to excessively frequent movement.
[0088] In some implementations, a short dwell time can be set at the end of the reciprocating stroke to further optimize wear distribution and the stability of the processing.
[0089] 4. Principle of Parametric Co-design The parameters mentioned above are not independent of each other, but need to be considered comprehensively: The reciprocating speed and the travel length together determine the coverage area per unit time. The reciprocating cycle affects the frequency of changes in the contact position; The parameter combination needs to balance the wear dispersion effect and the machining accuracy requirements.
[0090] By properly matching the above parameters, the contact area on the roller surface is evenly distributed during the processing, while avoiding the introduction of vibration or impact, thereby achieving the best technical effect of the present invention.
[0091] 5. Parameter Design Effect Description By adopting the above parameter range, the contact point between the roller and the workpiece can continuously migrate within the axial range during high-speed rotation, thereby achieving: The wear that was originally concentrated on a single busbar is transformed into a wear band distributed along the axial direction; Reduce local wear rate; Improve the overall service life of the rollers; Maintain stable workpiece machining accuracy.
[0092] The above parameter range is an optimal range determined by comprehensively considering factors such as wear dispersion effect, processing accuracy and operational stability. In practical applications, it can be appropriately adjusted according to specific equipment and process conditions.
[0093] V. Work Process Summary In the automatic reciprocating anti-wear mechanism for bearing ultra-precision grinding machine rollers of the present invention, the various components work together to enable the roller body to simultaneously achieve high-speed rotation and low-speed axial reciprocating motion during the processing. Its overall working process can be summarized as follows: In the initial stage of equipment operation, the roller body begins to rotate at high speed under the action of the workpiece or external drive. The support assembly provides stable radial support for the roller body and guides its axial movement at the same time, enabling the roller body to move axially in the rotating state.
[0094] Subsequently, the drive unit begins to operate according to the cycle set by the control unit, applying axial driving force to the roller body through the first axial force transmission component, causing the roller body to move slowly along the first direction. During this movement, the contact position between the roller body and the workpiece gradually shifts axially, while the reset unit is compressed or stretched during this process, thereby storing elastic potential energy.
[0095] After the drive unit completes a single stroke and stops outputting axial driving force, the reset unit releases its stored energy and applies a reverse force to the roller body through the second axial force transmission component, causing the roller body to move in the opposite direction to the first direction until it returns to the initial position or reaches another preset position, thereby completing one complete axial reciprocating motion.
[0096] During the above process, the main body of the roller maintains a high-speed rotation, while its axial displacement speed is relatively low. The two motions superimpose, causing the contact point between the roller surface and the workpiece to continuously change within the axial range. With the continuous reciprocating cycle, the contact area originally concentrated at a fixed generatrix position on the roller surface is expanded into multiple contact areas distributed along the axial direction.
[0097] This continuous cyclical working method transforms localized concentrated wear into uniformly distributed planar wear, effectively preventing groove-like defects from forming on the roller surface. Simultaneously, the constantly changing contact position reduces the frictional load at any single location, thereby slowing down the wear rate and extending the roller's service life.
[0098] In summary, this invention achieves effective control over the wear state of the roller surface through a working process that combines rotary motion with axial reciprocating motion, thereby improving the stability and economy of equipment operation while ensuring machining accuracy.
[0099] VI. Alternative and Modified Solutions Without departing from the core technical concept of this invention, those skilled in the art can make various substitutions or improvements to the components of this invention, and all such equivalent modifications or substitutions should fall within the protection scope of this invention. Specifically, these include, but are not limited to, the following aspects: Firstly, regarding the drive unit, this invention is not limited to pneumatic or electric drive. Besides cylinders and electric actuators, hydraulic cylinders, electromagnetic linear actuators, or mechanical cam mechanisms can also be used to achieve axial drive. Hydraulic drives are suitable for applications with large loads or long strokes; electromagnetic drives are suitable for applications requiring high response speeds; and cam mechanisms can achieve periodic reciprocating motion through purely mechanical means, making them suitable for equipment that does not require complex control systems.
[0100] Secondly, regarding the reset unit, in addition to compression springs, tension springs, elastomer elements, pneumatic reverse drive structures, or magnetic reset structures can also be used. For example, in a pneumatic system, forward and reverse drive can be achieved through a double-acting cylinder, thus replacing the traditional spring reset; in a magnetic reset scheme, non-contact recovery can be achieved by using permanent magnets arranged with opposite poles to generate repulsive force, which has the advantages of simple structure and no mechanical wear.
[0101] Furthermore, the structure of the support components can be adjusted according to specific requirements. Besides the combination of needle roller bearings and linear sliding bearings, a sliding bearing with an axial elongated bore can be used, or a self-lubricating composite bushing structure can be employed to reduce manufacturing costs or lubrication maintenance needs. In addition, the number of support components can be adjusted according to the length and stiffness requirements of the rollers; for example, two, three, or more sets of support components can be installed to improve overall support stability.
[0102] Regarding the axial force transmission components, in addition to thrust bearings, low-friction axial sliding shims or composite material washer structures can also be used. As long as axial force transmission can be achieved without interfering with the rotation of the roller body, the technical objective of this invention can be achieved.
[0103] In terms of control methods, this invention also offers high flexibility. Besides time relays and PLC control, mechanical cam timing controllers, simple analog circuits, or embedded control systems can be used to control the rhythm of the drive unit's movements. In some simplified applications, a structure without an independent control unit can be used, achieving fixed-cycle reciprocating motion through mechanical linkage.
[0104] Furthermore, in terms of system structure configuration, this invention is not limited to the application of a single roller. For example, in equipment that uses multiple rollers to support workpieces, each roller can be provided with an independent drive and reset structure, or the synchronous axial reciprocating motion of multiple rollers can be achieved through a linkage mechanism; in some applications, the structure of this invention can also be set for only one or some rollers to achieve the purpose of local optimization.
[0105] In summary, the scope of protection of this invention should not be limited to the structural forms listed in the specific embodiments, but should cover all equivalent substitutions and variations based on the core technical concept of "composite motion of roller rotation and axial reciprocating motion, integrated support and guidance, decoupling of axial force and rotation, and synergistic effect of driving and resetting".
[0106] The present invention has been described in detail above with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should be understood that the embodiments described are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and substance of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various modifications, substitutions, or equivalent transformations to the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications, substitutions, or equivalent transformations should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0107] Furthermore, the specific technical features described in this specification can be combined in any suitable manner without conflicting with each other. The scope of protection of this invention should be determined by the claims.
Claims
1. An automatic reciprocating anti-wear mechanism for rollers in a bearing ultra-precision grinding machine, characterized in that, include: The roller body is used to support the workpiece and is driven to rotate. At least two support components are distributed along the axial direction of the roller body, and each support component simultaneously possesses: The radial rotational support function of the roller body, and The function of guiding the axial movement of the roller body; The first axial force transmission component is disposed at one end of the roller body and is used to bear the axial driving force without interfering with the rotation of the roller body; The second axial force transmission component is disposed at the other end of the roller body, and is used to bear the axial restoring force without interfering with the rotation of the roller body; The drive unit, in conjunction with the first axial force transmission component, is used to apply periodic, controllable axial displacement to the roller body; A reset unit, in conjunction with the second axial force transmission component, is used to automatically return the roller body to its axial position after the drive unit removes the axial force. The drive unit and the reset unit work together to cause the roller body to move slowly and continuously along its axial direction during high-speed rotation, thereby dispersing the wear caused by workpiece contact to different generatrical areas of the roller body.
2. The mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive unit is selected from any of the following linear drive mechanisms: Pneumatic drive mechanism, hydraulic drive mechanism, electric linear drive mechanism, electromagnetic drive mechanism or cam drive mechanism.
3. The mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reset unit is selected from any of the following elastic reset mechanisms: Compression springs, tension springs, elastomers, pneumatic reset mechanisms, or magnetic reset mechanisms.
4. The mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support component is an integrated structure, achieving the following simultaneously within a single component: Radial rotational support for the roller body, and Axial sliding guidance for the main body of the roller; The support assembly may or may not include independent rotary bearings and independent sliding guides.
5. The mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, The support component can adopt any of the following structural forms: Combinations of needle roller bearings and sliding sleeves, fits between sliding bearings and axial elongated bores, or self-lubricating composite bushings.
6. The mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first axial force transmission assembly and / or the second axial force transmission assembly include: Thrust bearings or axial sliding washers; The axial force transmission component is non-rigidly fixed to the end of the roller body, so as to allow the roller body to transmit axial force while rotating freely.
7. The mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving unit and the reset unit are respectively disposed at both ends of the roller body; When the drive unit provides axial driving force, it compresses or stretches the reset unit. After the driving unit removes the driving force, the reset unit releases the stored energy and pushes the main body of the roller to move in the opposite direction, thereby forming a complete reciprocating cycle.
8. The mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The control unit is used to adjust the timing and cycle of the drive unit. The control unit is a time relay, a programmable logic controller, or a cam timing controller.
9. The mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reciprocating speed of the main body of the roller along the axial direction is 0.1 mm / s to 2 mm / s; The length of a single stroke of the reciprocating motion is less than 20% of the total length of the roller body.
10. A method for preventing wear of rollers used in ultra-precision grinding machines for bearings, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The main body of the roller rotates at high speed to support and drive the workpiece to rotate; During the rotation of the roller body, a periodic, slow active displacement is applied along its axial direction, causing the roller body to reciprocate between a first axial position and a second axial position. After the active displacement is removed, the reset unit is used to automatically reverse the position of the roller body, thereby forming a complete reciprocating cycle. The speed of the axial reciprocating movement is matched with the rotational speed of the roller body, so that the wear generated by the contact of the workpiece is evenly distributed to different generatrical areas of the roller body.