Automobile heat pump air conditioning system

Abstract

The invention provides an automobile heat pump air conditioning system which comprises a refrigerant loop and a cooling liquid loop, the refrigerant loop is formed by sequentially connecting a compressor, a water cooling condenser, an electronic expansion valve and a battery cooler in series to form a closed loop, and the cooling liquid loop is composed of a twelve-way water valve, an outdoor radiator, a warm air core body and a cold air core body. Two ends of the water-cooled condenser are respectively communicated with corresponding ports of the twelve-way water valve and then form a circulating branch through the outdoor radiator; the two ends of the battery cooler are connected with corresponding ports of the twelve-way water valve respectively, the cold air core body and the warm air core body are connected in series and then connected into the twelve-way water valve, flow paths are switched through the twelve-way water valve, and heat transfer and temperature adjustment under different working conditions are achieved. A single twelve-way water valve is adopted to replace a plurality of traditional valves, the number of the valves is reduced, pipeline connecting points are reduced, and the integration level of a waterway system reaches the industry leading level.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle thermal management system technology, specifically to an automotive heat pump air conditioning system, particularly an automotive heat pump air conditioning system and electric vehicle based on R290 refrigerant, and especially an R290 heat pump system that achieves high integration of the water circuit system through a twelve-way water valve and optimizes the system structure through a core water circuit series layout. Background Technology

[0002] R290 (propane), as a natural refrigerant, boasts environmentally friendly characteristics of approximately 0 GWP and 0 ODP. It also exhibits excellent thermodynamic properties, high volumetric cooling capacity, and good compatibility with system materials, making it widely recognized as an ideal alternative refrigerant for next-generation automotive air conditioning systems. However, R290 is classified as an A3-class flammable refrigerant. If it leaks into the passenger compartment, it poses a fire or even explosion hazard, a key bottleneck restricting its large-scale commercial application.

[0003] To address the safety concerns surrounding R290, existing technologies generally employ a "secondary loop" architecture. This means the R290 refrigerant circuit is completely enclosed in the forward compartment, transferring cooling / heating to the passenger compartment via a coolant circuit. However, existing secondary loop solutions still suffer from the following technical drawbacks: to achieve multiple thermal management modes such as cooling, heating, dehumidification, battery cooling, and waste heat recovery, current solutions typically require the combined use of multiple three-way, four-way, or even five-way valves. This results in a complex water circuit topology and as many as 6-8 valves, increasing not only costs but also the risk of leaks and the difficulty of control.

[0004] In existing solutions, the cooling and heating air cores are often arranged in parallel or independently, resulting in an excessively large axial dimension of the air conditioning unit, which encroaches on passenger compartment space and affects the flexibility of vehicle layout. The coordinated control of multiple valves requires complex control strategies; during mode switching, multiple valves operate sequentially, leading to long response times and the risk of malfunction. Long pipelines, multiple joints, and multiple valves increase coolant friction resistance, raise water pump power consumption, and reduce overall system efficiency, especially under low-temperature heating conditions, impacting winter driving range. In summary, existing technologies have not yet solved the comprehensive technical problem of "how to achieve high integration of the water system, simplified control logic, improved space utilization, and optimized energy efficiency while ensuring R290 safety isolation."

[0005] Therefore, an innovative system architecture is urgently needed to overcome the aforementioned technical bottlenecks.

[0006] Patent document CN120307840A discloses a collaborative thermal management system for electric vehicles based on a cross-refrigerant compatible architecture. This patent includes a refrigerant circuit, a passenger compartment thermal management system, a power battery thermal management system, an electric drive thermal management system, and a radiator. It uses a nine-way water valve to achieve connectivity in different modes. The passenger compartment thermal management module implements a series connection between the cold air core and the warm air core. The system is compatible with both R134a and R290 platforms. However, the technical solution of this invention differs from this patent. This invention uses a twelve-way water valve, with more ports than the nine-way valve, enabling independent control of more branches (such as independent cold air, warm air, battery, motor, radiator, waste heat recovery, etc.). This invention is specifically optimized for R290 (non-cross-refrigerant compatible design), with more targeted safety design. The twelve-way water valve of this invention can complete all mode switching with a single valve core rotation. The core inside the air conditioning unit has a series and parallel water circuit design, which can achieve different combinations under different mode requirements, resulting in greater functional diversity.

[0007] Patent document CN112440658A discloses a heat pump air conditioning system and vehicle, relating to the field of vehicle technology. Specifically, it includes: a heating water circuit consisting of a radiator and a heat exchanger; a refrigerant circuit formed by sequentially connecting a compressor, a water-cooled condenser, and a heat exchanger via refrigerant piping; and a heating water circuit formed by a heater module and the water-cooled condenser. When heating the vehicle, the compressor circulates the refrigerant in the refrigerant piping between the water-cooled condenser and the heat exchanger. The refrigerant releases heat in the water-cooled condenser and absorbs heat in the heat exchanger. The heat released by the refrigerant in the water-cooled condenser is transferred to the heater module via water, and then provided to the vehicle for heating. However, this patent document still suffers from low overall energy efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide an automotive heat pump air conditioning system.

[0009] According to the present invention, an automotive heat pump air conditioning system includes: a refrigerant circuit and a coolant circuit; The refrigerant circuit includes: a compressor, a water-cooled condenser, an electronic expansion valve, and a battery cooler; the first connection port of the compressor is connected to the first connection port of the water-cooled condenser, the second connection port of the water-cooled condenser is connected to the first connection port of the electronic expansion valve, the second connection port of the electronic expansion valve is connected to the first connection port of the battery cooler, and the second connection port of the battery cooler is connected to the second connection port of the compressor. The coolant circuit includes: a twelve-way water valve, an outdoor radiator, a heater core, and a cooler core; The third connection port of the water-cooled condenser can be connected to the first port of the twelve-way water valve, the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve can be connected to the first connection port of the outdoor radiator, the second connection port of the outdoor radiator can be connected to the eleventh port of the twelve-way water valve, and the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve can be connected to the fourth connection port of the water-cooled condenser. The third connection port of the battery cooler can be connected to the seventh port of the twelve-way water valve, the second port of the twelve-way water valve can be connected to the first connection port of the cold air core, the second connection port of the cold air core can be connected to the first connection port of the warm air core, the second connection port of the warm air core can be connected to the fifth port of the twelve-way water valve, and the sixth port of the twelve-way water valve can be connected to the third connection port of the battery cooler.

[0010] Preferably, the coolant circuit further includes: a water heater, a first water pump, and a second water pump; The third connection port of the water-cooled condenser is connected to the first connection port of the water heater, and the second connection port of the water heater is connected to the first port of the twelve-way water valve; The twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve is connected to the first connection port of the first water pump, and the second connection port of the first water pump is connected to the fourth connection port of the water-cooled condenser. The third connection port of the battery cooler is connected to the first connection port of the second water pump, and the second connection port of the second water pump is connected to the seventh port of the twelve-way water valve. The sixth port of the twelve-way water valve is connected to the fourth connection port of the battery cooler.

[0011] Preferably, the coolant circuit further includes: a third water pump, a first three-way water valve, a second three-way water valve, a third three-way water valve, a fourth three-way water valve, and a motor; The third connection port of the water-cooled condenser is connected to the first port of the twelve-way water valve; the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve is connected to the first connection port of the first three-way water valve; and the second connection port of the first three-way water valve is connected to the first connection port of the outdoor radiator. The second connection port of the outdoor radiator is connected to the first connection port of the second three-way water valve, the third connection port of the first three-way water valve, and the first connection port of the motor, respectively. The second connection port of the second three-way water valve is connected to the eleventh port of the twelve-way water valve, the third connection port of the second three-way water valve is connected to the first connection port of the third water pump, and the second connection port of the third water pump is connected to the first connection port of the motor. The second port of the twelve-way water valve is connected to the first connection port of the cold air core, and the second connection port of the cold air core is connected to the first connection port of the third three-way water valve. The second connection port of the third three-way water valve is connected to the third port of the twelve-way water valve, and the third connection port of the third three-way water valve is connected to the first connection port of the fourth three-way water valve. The second connection port of the fourth three-way water valve is connected to the fourth port of the twelve-way water valve, the third connection port of the fourth three-way water valve is connected to the first connection port of the heater core, and the second connection port of the heater core is connected to the sixth port of the twelve-way water valve.

[0012] Preferably, the coolant circuit further includes: a battery, a water-to-water heat exchanger, and a fourth water pump; The first connection port of the water-to-water heat exchanger is connected to the eighth port of the twelve-way water valve, and the second connection port of the water-to-water heat exchanger is connected to the ninth port of the twelve-way water valve. The third connection port of the water-to-water heat exchanger is connected to the first connection port of the battery, the second connection port of the battery is connected to the first connection port of the fourth water pump, and the second connection port of the fourth water pump is connected to the fourth connection port of the water-to-water heat exchanger.

[0013] Preferably, when operating in cabin cooling mode: The refrigerant flows sequentially through the compressor, the water-cooled condenser, the electronic expansion valve, and the battery cooler, and then flows back to the compressor from the battery cooler. Coolant flows from the water-cooled condenser to the first port of the twelve-way water valve, then flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows out from the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows through the first three-way water valve into the outdoor heat exchanger, flows out from the outdoor heat exchanger, flows through the second three-way water valve into the eleventh port of the twelve-way water valve, then flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows out from the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve, and flows back to the water-cooled condenser via the first water pump. The coolant flows from the battery cooler to the second water pump, then from the second water pump to the seventh port of the twelve-way water valve, then through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the second port of the twelve-way water valve, then from the second port of the twelve-way water valve to the water-cooled evaporator, then from the water-cooled evaporator, sequentially through the third three-way water valve and the fourth three-way water valve into the heater core, then from the heater core to the fifth port of the twelve-way water valve, then through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the sixth port of the twelve-way water valve, then from the sixth port of the twelve-way water valve back to the battery cooler.

[0014] Preferably, when operating in cabin air source heat pump heating mode: The refrigerant flows sequentially through the compressor, the water-cooled condenser, the electronic expansion valve, and the battery cooler, and then flows back to the compressor from the battery cooler. Coolant flows from the water-cooled condenser to the first port of the twelve-way water valve, then flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the fifth port of the twelve-way water valve, then flows out from the fifth port of the twelve-way water valve to the heater core, then flows out from the heater core, then flows through the fourth three-way water valve and the third three-way water valve into the water-cooled evaporator, then flows out from the water-cooled evaporator to the second port of the twelve-way water valve, then flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve, then flows out from the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve, and finally flows back to the water-cooled condenser via the first water pump. The coolant flows out from the battery cooler, flows through the second water pump into the seventh port of the twelve-way water valve, is redirected by the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows out from the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows through the first three-way water valve into the outdoor heat exchanger, flows out from the outdoor heat exchanger, flows through the motor and the second three-way water valve into the eleventh port of the twelve-way water valve, is redirected by the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the sixth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows out from the sixth port of the twelve-way water valve, and flows back to the battery cooler.

[0015] Preferably, when the cabin water heater is in heating mode: The refrigerant flows sequentially through the compressor, the water-cooled condenser, the electronic expansion valve, and the battery cooler, and then flows back to the compressor from the battery cooler. Coolant flows from the water-cooled condenser to the water heater, from the water heater to the first port of the twelve-way water valve, through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the fifth port of the twelve-way water valve, from the fifth port of the twelve-way water valve to the heater core, from the heater core to the fourth three-way water valve and the third three-way water valve in sequence to the water-cooled evaporator, from the water-cooled evaporator to the second port of the twelve-way water valve, through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve, from the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve to the first water pump and back to the water-cooled condenser; When the cabin heating and dehumidification mode is running: The refrigerant flows sequentially through the compressor, the water-cooled condenser, the electronic expansion valve, and the battery cooler, and then flows back to the compressor from the battery cooler. Coolant flows from the water-cooled condenser to the water heater, then from the water heater to the first port of the twelve-way water valve, then through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the fourth port of the twelve-way water valve, then from the fourth port of the twelve-way water valve to the heater core via the fourth three-way water valve, then from the heater core to the fifth port of the twelve-way water valve, then through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve, then from the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve back to the water-cooled condenser via the first water pump; The coolant flows out from the battery cooler, flows through the second water pump into the seventh port of the twelve-way water valve, is redirected by the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the third port of the twelve-way water valve, flows out from the third port of the twelve-way water valve, flows through the third three-way water valve into the water-cooled evaporator, flows out from the water-cooled evaporator to the second port of the twelve-way water valve, is redirected by the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the sixth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows out from the sixth port of the twelve-way water valve, and flows back to the battery cooler.

[0016] Preferably, when running in battery cooling mode: The refrigerant flows sequentially through the compressor, the water-cooled condenser, the electronic expansion valve, and the battery cooler, and then flows back to the compressor from the battery cooler. Coolant flows from the water-cooled condenser to the first port of the twelve-way water valve, then flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows out from the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows through the first three-way water valve into the outdoor heat exchanger, flows out from the outdoor heat exchanger, flows through the second three-way water valve into the eleventh port of the twelve-way water valve, then flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows out from the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve, and flows back to the water-cooled condenser via the first water pump. Coolant flows out from the battery cooler, flows into the seventh port of the twelve-way water valve via the second water pump, flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the eighth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows out from the eighth port of the twelve-way water valve to the water-to-water heat exchanger, flows out from the water-to-water heat exchanger to the ninth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the sixth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows out from the sixth port of the twelve-way water valve, and flows back to the battery cooler. Coolant flows out of the battery, flows into the water-to-water heat exchanger via the fourth water pump, flows out of the water-to-water heat exchanger, and flows back to the battery; When running battery temperature equalization mode: Coolant flows out from the third water pump, flows through the second three-way water valve into the eleventh port of the twelve-way water valve, flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the eighth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows out from the eighth port of the twelve-way water valve into the water-to-water heat exchanger, flows out from the water-to-water heat exchanger into the ninth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows out from the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows through the first three-way water valve into the outdoor radiator, flows out from the outdoor radiator, and flows back to the third water pump via the motor. Coolant flows out of the battery, enters the water-to-water heat exchanger via the fourth water pump, flows out of the water-to-water heat exchanger, and returns to the battery.

[0017] Preferably, when operating the battery water heater heating mode: The refrigerant flows sequentially through the compressor, the water-cooled condenser, the electronic expansion valve, and the battery cooler, and then flows back to the compressor from the battery cooler. Coolant flows from the water-cooled condenser to the water heater, from the water heater to the first port of the twelve-way water valve, through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the eighth port of the twelve-way water valve, from the eighth port of the twelve-way water valve to the water-to-water heat exchanger, from the water-to-water heat exchanger to the ninth port of the twelve-way water valve, through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve, from the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve to the first water pump and back to the water-cooled condenser; Coolant flows out of the battery, flows into the water-to-water heat exchanger via the fourth water pump, flows out of the water-to-water heat exchanger, and flows back to the battery; When operating in the mode that utilizes waste heat from the motor to heat the battery: Coolant flows out from the third water pump, flows through the second three-way water valve into the eleventh port of the twelve-way water valve, flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the eighth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows out from the eighth port of the twelve-way water valve to the water-to-water heat exchanger, flows out from the water-to-water heat exchanger to the ninth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows out from the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve, and flows back to the third water pump in sequence through the first three-way water valve and the motor. Coolant flows out of the battery, enters the water-to-water heat exchanger via the fourth water pump, flows out of the water-to-water heat exchanger, and returns to the battery.

[0018] Preferably, when operating in motor cooling mode: Coolant flows out from the third water pump, flows through the second three-way water valve into the eleventh port of the twelve-way water valve, flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows out from the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve, flows through the first three-way water valve into the outdoor radiator, flows out from the outdoor radiator, and flows back to the third water pump via the motor.

[0019] Preferably, the refrigerant circuit uses R290 as the refrigerant, and the refrigerant circuit is arranged in a fully enclosed manner in the front compartment of the vehicle.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention achieves a significant improvement in integration by replacing multiple traditional valves with a single twelve-way water valve, reducing the number of valves and pipeline connection points, and achieving an industry-leading level of water system integration.

[0021] 2. This invention simplifies the control logic. The twelve-way water valve completes the mode switching with a single valve core rotation, eliminating the need for multi-valve collaborative control. The complexity of the control strategy is reduced by 70%, the mode switching response time is shortened to less than 2 seconds, and the system reliability is significantly improved.

[0022] 3. This invention optimizes space utilization. The cold air core and the warm air core in the air conditioning unit adopt a parallel physical structure, which shortens the axial dimension by more than 30% compared with the series layout, freeing up more space for the passenger compartment. At the same time, the series and parallel switching of the water circuits of the two cores can be realized through the twelve-way water valve. While maintaining a compact size, the heat exchange area can be dynamically expanded according to the operating conditions, taking into account both space compactness and heat exchange performance.

[0023] 4. This invention achieves improved energy efficiency. Four independent water pumps drive each circuit separately, minimizing mutual interference between hot and cold media and improving energy transmission efficiency. Under enhanced cooling / heating conditions, the two core water circuits are connected in series through a twelve-way water valve, and the total heat exchange area is equivalent to the sum of the areas of the two cores, thus improving heat exchange capacity. With the above optimizations combined, the system COP is improved by about 10%, and the winter driving range can be extended by 12% to 15%, significantly alleviating the winter range anxiety of electric vehicles.

[0024] 5. This invention ensures safety. The R290 refrigerant circuit adopts a fully enclosed front compartment layout, which is physically isolated from the passenger compartment, eliminating the possibility of flammable refrigerant entering the vehicle from the source.

[0025] 6. The present invention has significant cost advantages. The number of valves is reduced and the pipeline length is shortened. The BOM cost of a single system is reduced by 20% to 25% compared with the existing secondary circuit scheme. The modular design reduces assembly time and increases production line cycle time. A single valve body replaces a multi-valve combination, which greatly reduces the number of failure points and reduces after-sales maintenance costs, laying a solid foundation for the commercial promotion of R290 technology. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 The overall architecture diagram of the R290 heat pump air conditioning system provided by the present invention.

[0027] The diagram shows: 1. Compressor; 2. Water-cooled condenser; 3. Electronic expansion valve; 4. Battery cooler; 5. Heater core; 6. Cold air core; 7. Water heater; 8. Outdoor radiator; 9. Battery; 10. Water-to-water heat exchanger; 11. First water pump; 12. Second water pump; 13. Third water pump; 14. Fourth water pump; 15. First three-way water valve; 16. Second three-way water valve; 17. Third three-way water valve; 18. Fourth three-way water valve; 19. Twelve-way water valve; 20. Motor. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] Example This embodiment provides an automotive heat pump air conditioning system based on R290 refrigerant. This embodiment adopts a three-layer architecture of "fully enclosed refrigerant-side module + integrated twelve-way water valve control + series connection of air conditioning unit core," achieving a unified approach of safe isolation, high integration, and efficient heat exchange. The system consists of the following two main parts: Refrigerant circuit (refrigerant side): compressor, water-cooled condenser (integrated liquid receiver), electronic expansion valve, and battery cooler, which are fully enclosed in the front compartment during real-vehicle testing, preventing R290 from entering the passenger compartment; Coolant circuit (water side): twelve-way water valve, four independent water pumps, outdoor radiator, heater core, cooler core, battery water circuit, motor water circuit, etc.

[0030] This embodiment uses a single twelve-way water valve as the core control element of the water system, connecting the water circuit of the air conditioning unit, the water circuit of the motor, the water circuit of the battery, and the water circuit of the outdoor heat exchanger, etc., to coordinate the operation mode of the control system and replace the complex combination of multiple three-way valves and four-way valves in the prior art.

[0031] The 12-way water valve features: the valve body integrates 12 water ports, and the on / off combination between different ports is achieved by rotating the internal valve core; the valve core is driven by a stepper motor, and a single rotation can complete the configuration of all flow channels in one mode; the valve body adopts a modular design, and quick-connect connectors are provided at both the inlet and outlet, which facilitates vehicle assembly and maintenance.

[0032] The twelve-way water valve, through the rotational combination of its valve core, can switch between the following thermal management modes: Cabin Cooling – the cold air core and the heating core are connected in series, and the water-cooled condenser dissipates heat through the outdoor heat exchanger; Cabin Heating – the heating core and the cold air core are connected in series, and the battery cooler absorbs heat through the outdoor radiator, utilizing either waste heat from the motor or water heaters to heat the water; Cabin Dehumidification – the cold air core and the heating core are connected in parallel, achieving cooling, dehumidification, and then reheating; Battery Cooling – the battery circuit is connected to the battery cooler; Battery Heating – the battery circuit is connected to the water-cooled condenser, using a heat pump to heat the battery, or utilizing waste heat from the motor; Motor Cooling – the motor circuit is connected to the outdoor radiator, cooling waste heat from the electric drive; Hybrid Mode – simultaneously meeting the thermal needs of both the cabin and the battery.

[0033] This embodiment employs a core design with a series water circuit within the air conditioning unit, achieving a balance between compact space and efficient heat exchange. By switching the ports of the twelve-way water valve, the coolant circuit can achieve series or parallel connection between the cold air core and the warm air core, as follows: Series mode: Coolant flows sequentially through the cold air core and the warm air core (the order is adjustable), with the two cores exchanging heat in series. The total heat exchange area equals the sum of the areas of the two cores, significantly improving heat exchange capacity; Parallel mode: Coolant simultaneously flows into both the cold air core and the warm air core, with the two cores exchanging heat independently, suitable for applications requiring only a single core to operate.

[0034] This embodiment's system is equipped with four independent brushless DC water pumps, each driving one of four independent water circuits: the first water pump-water-cooled condenser circuit, independently controlling heat exchange between the water-cooled condenser and the air conditioning unit or outdoor heat exchanger; the second water pump-battery cooler circuit, independently controlling heat exchange between the battery cooler and the air conditioning unit, battery, or outdoor heat exchanger; the third water pump-motor circuit, independently controlling motor cooling and waste heat recovery; and the fourth water pump-battery circuit, independently controlling battery cooling, battery temperature equalization, and battery heating. Independent driving avoids mutual interference between hot and cold media and allows for precise adjustment of the flow rate in each circuit according to real-time needs, improving energy transfer efficiency by more than 10%.

[0035] When the cabin cooling mode is running, the refrigerant flow within the system is as follows: compressor 1 to water-cooled condenser 2, then to electronic expansion valve 3, then to battery cooler 4, and back to the compressor. Coolant flows from water-cooled condenser 2 to the first port of the twelve-way water valve 19, then through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the tenth port, then to the first three-way water valve 15, then to the outdoor heat exchanger 8, then to the second three-way water valve 16, then to the eleventh port of the twelve-way water valve 19, then through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the twelfth port, then to the first water pump 11, and back to the water-cooled condenser. Coolant flows from battery cooler 4 to the second water pump 12, then to the seventh port of the twelve-way water valve 19, then through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the second port, then to water-cooled core 6, then to the third three-way water valve 17, then to the fourth three-way water valve 18, then to the heater core 5, then to the fifth port of the twelve-way water valve 19, then through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the sixth port, and back to the battery cooler. Water-cooled core 6 is a water-cooled evaporator.

[0036] When the cabin air source heat pump is in heating mode, the refrigerant flows from compressor 1 to water-cooled condenser 2 to electronic expansion valve 3 to battery cooler 4 and back to compressor. The coolant flows from water-cooled condenser 2 to the first port of 12-way water valve 19, then through the internal core of 12-way water valve to the fifth port to heater core 5, then to the fourth three-way water valve 18, then to the third three-way water valve 17, then to water-cooled core 6, then to the second port of 12-way water valve 19, then through the internal core of 12-way water valve to the twelfth port to the first water pump 11 and back to water-cooled condenser. The coolant flows from battery cooler 4 to the second water pump 12 to the seventh port of 12-way water valve 19, then through the internal core of 12-way water valve to the tenth port to the first three-way water valve 15, then to outdoor heat exchanger 8, then to motor 20, then to the second three-way water valve 16, then to the eleventh port of 12-way water valve 19, then through the internal core of 12-way water valve to the sixth port and back to battery cooler.

[0037] When the cabin water heater is in heating mode, the refrigerant in the system flows from compressor 1 to water-cooled condenser 2 to electronic expansion valve 3 to battery cooler 4 and back to compressor; the coolant flows out from water-cooled condenser 2 to water heater 7 to the first port of 12-way water valve 19, then through the internal core of 12-way water valve to the fifth port to heater core 5 to the fourth three-way water valve 18 to the third three-way water valve 17 to water-cooled core 6 to the twelfth port of 12-way water valve 19, then through the internal core of 12-way water valve to the twelfth port to the first water pump 11 and back to water-cooled condenser.

[0038] When the cabin heating and dehumidification mode is running, the refrigerant in the system flows from compressor 1 to water-cooled condenser 2 to electronic expansion valve 3 to battery cooler 4 and back to compressor; the coolant flows from water-cooled condenser 2 to water heater 7 to the first port of 12-way water valve 19, then through the internal core of 12-way water valve to the fourth port to the fourth three-way water valve 18 to the heater core 5 to the fifth port of 12-way water valve 19, then through the internal core of 12-way water valve to the twelfth port to the first water pump 11 and back to water-cooled condenser; the coolant flows from battery cooler 4 to the second water pump 12 to the seventh port of 12-way water valve 19, then through the internal core of 12-way water valve to the third port to the third three-way water valve 17 to water-cooled core 6 to the second port of 12-way water valve 19, then through the internal core of 12-way water valve to port 6 and back to battery cooler.

[0039] When operating in battery cooling mode, the refrigerant flow within the system is as follows: compressor 1 to water-cooled condenser 2, then to electronic expansion valve 3, then to battery cooler 4, and back to compressor. Coolant flows from water-cooled condenser 2 to the first port of the twelve-way water valve 19, then through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the tenth port, then to the first three-way water valve 15, then to the outdoor heat exchanger 8, then to the second three-way water valve 16, then to the eleventh port of the twelve-way water valve 19, then through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the twelfth port, then to the first water pump 11, and back to the water-cooled condenser. Coolant flows from battery cooler 4 to the second water pump 12, then to the seventh port of the twelve-way water valve 19, then through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the eighth port, then to the water-to-water heat exchanger 10, then to the ninth port of the twelve-way water valve 19, then through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the sixth port, and back to the battery cooler. Coolant flows from battery 9 to the fourth water pump 14, then to the water-to-water heat exchanger 10, and back to the battery.

[0040] When the battery is in equalization mode, the coolant flows from the third water pump 13 to the eleventh port of the second three-way water valve 16 to the eleventh port of the twelve-way water valve 19, then flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the eighth port to the water-to-water heat exchanger 10 to the ninth port of the twelve-way water valve 19, then flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the tenth port to the first three-way water valve 15 to the outdoor radiator 8 to the motor 20 and back to the third water pump; the coolant flows from the battery 9 to the fourth water pump 14 to the water-to-water heat exchanger 10 and back to the battery.

[0041] When the battery water heater is in heating mode, the refrigerant flows from compressor 1 to water-cooled condenser 2, then to electronic expansion valve 3, then to battery cooler 4, and back to compressor. Coolant flows from water-cooled condenser 2 to water heater 7, then to the first port of 12-way water valve 19, then through the internal core of the 12-way water valve to the eighth port, then to water-to-water heat exchanger 10, then to the ninth port of 12-way water valve 19, then through the internal core of the 12-way water valve to the twelfth port, then to the first water pump 11, and back to the water-cooled condenser. Coolant flows from battery 9 to the fourth water pump 14, then to water-to-water heat exchanger 10, and back to battery.

[0042] When operating in the mode of heating the battery using the waste heat of the motor, the coolant flows from the third water pump 13 to the eleventh port of the second three-way water valve 16 to the eleventh port of the twelve-way water valve 19, then flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the eighth port to the water-to-water heat exchanger 10 to the ninth port of the twelve-way water valve 19, then flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve to the tenth port to the first three-way water valve 15 to the motor 20 and back to the third water pump; the coolant flows from the battery 9 to the fourth water pump 14 to the water-to-water heat exchanger 10 and back to the battery.

[0043] When the motor cooling mode is running, the coolant flows from the third water pump 13 to the eleventh port of the second three-way water valve 16 to the eleventh port of the twelve-way water valve 19. After being diverted by the internal core of the twelve-way water valve, it flows to the tenth port, to the first three-way water valve 15, to the outdoor radiator 8, to the motor 20, and then back to the third water pump.

[0044] This embodiment, through the orderly combination and flexible switching of the aforementioned thermal management modes, can construct various composite operating conditions, fully covering diverse thermal management needs such as passenger compartment temperature control, battery thermal management, and waste heat recovery from the electric drive system. This design significantly improves the system's adaptability to operating conditions, enabling on-demand configuration and dynamic coordination of thermal management functions based on different environmental conditions, vehicle operating status, and user preferences. This allows for meeting diverse application scenarios while simultaneously considering system energy efficiency and vehicle economy.

[0045] This embodiment adopts a three-layer architecture of "fully enclosed front compartment layout on the agent side + integrated control of twelve-way water valves + series connection of water circuit in the air conditioning unit core", which is implemented as follows: Refrigerant circuit (refrigerant side): The compressor, water-cooled condenser (integrated receiver-of-charge), electronic expansion valve, and battery cooler (Chiller) are all integrated onto a dedicated module bracket in the forward compartment, connected by laser-welded aluminum piping to form a fully enclosed R290 circuit. All connection points undergo helium leak detection to ensure an annual leakage rate of ≤2g / year, meeting ISO 9972 safety standards. The entire refrigerant circuit is located entirely in the forward compartment, ensuring zero R290 refrigerant entry into the passenger compartment, achieving physical isolation.

[0046] Coolant circuit (water side): Utilizing an ethylene glycol-water mixture coolant, four independent water pumps drive four separate branches. The core innovation lies in replacing the complex combination of multiple four-way, five-way, and six-way valves found in existing technologies with a single twelve-way water valve. The twelve-way valve employs a ceramic valve core, driven by a stepper motor to rotate to different angles, enabling on / off combinations between different ports and thus facilitating switching between various modes such as cooling, heating, dehumidification, battery cooling, and battery heating.

[0047] Air conditioning unit module: The cold air core (water-cooled evaporator core) and the warm air core can be designed for series and parallel operation. The core adopts an aluminum plate-fin structure. The surface of the cold air core is treated with a hydrophilic coating to improve dehumidification capacity, while the warm air core adopts a high-efficiency internal fin structure to reduce air resistance. The air conditioning unit shell is molded from PP-GF30 material to ensure structural strength and dimensional stability. While maintaining a compact size, the heat exchange area can be dynamically expanded according to operating conditions, balancing space compactness and heat exchange performance.

[0048] The system control strategy is based on the vehicle thermal management controller (TMC), communicating with the vehicle's VCU via a CAN bus, and supports automatic switching and manual intervention for various modes. Mode switching logic: The valve core position of the twelve-way coolant valve is determined by the TMC based on signals such as the passenger compartment set temperature, battery temperature, ambient temperature, and motor temperature. Each mode corresponds to a set of valve core angles (a 12-port on / off matrix), with a switching time ≤3s and coolant flow fluctuations controlled within ±5% during switching. Mode switching can be completed with a single valve core rotation, eliminating the need for coordinated control of multiple valves and significantly reducing control complexity. Compressor control: A PID+feedforward control strategy is adopted, with the target evaporation temperature dynamically adjusted according to the mode and load. The compressor speed adjustment range is 800~8000rpm, with a response time ≤2s.

[0049] Key components in this embodiment, such as the twelve-way water valve, R290 dedicated compressor, electronic expansion valve, and plate heat exchanger, all have mature automotive-grade supplier resources or in-house manufacturing experience, enabling rapid mass production. The system's interfaces with the vehicle (electrical interface, coolant interface, CAN communication protocol) are designed according to industry standards, allowing for rapid adaptation to mainstream electric platforms. Compared to existing secondary circuit solutions (requiring multiple four-way, five-way, and six-way valves), this embodiment uses a twelve-way water valve, reducing the number of valves, shortening pipeline length, and lowering the BOM cost per system.

[0050] This embodiment provides an automotive heat pump air conditioning system based on R290 refrigerant, solving the following technical problems existing in the prior art: a) Low integration of the water system: Replacing multiple valve combinations with a single integrated valve greatly simplifies the water system topology; b) High control complexity: Achieving mode switching with a single valve in a single operation simplifies the control strategy and improves response speed; c) Insufficient space utilization: Reducing the axial dimension of the air conditioning unit through a core series layout frees up passenger compartment space; d) Difficulty in balancing safety and energy efficiency: Improving system energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption while ensuring physical isolation of R290; e) High manufacturing cost: Reducing the number of valves and pipe length lowers BOM cost and assembly complexity.

[0051] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0052] Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

Claims

1. An automotive heat pump air conditioning system, characterized in that, include: Refrigerant circuit and coolant circuit; The refrigerant circuit includes: a compressor (1), a water-cooled condenser (2), an electronic expansion valve (3), and a battery cooler (4); the first connection port of the compressor (1) is connected to the first connection port of the water-cooled condenser (2), the second connection port of the water-cooled condenser (2) is connected to the first connection port of the electronic expansion valve (3), the second connection port of the electronic expansion valve (3) is connected to the first connection port of the battery cooler (4), and the second connection port of the battery cooler (4) is connected to the second connection port of the compressor (1); The coolant circuit includes: a twelve-way water valve (19), an outdoor radiator (8), a warm air core (5), and a cold air core (6). The third connection port of the water-cooled condenser (2) can be connected to the first port of the twelve-way water valve (19), the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve (19) can be connected to the first connection port of the outdoor radiator (8), the second connection port of the outdoor radiator (8) can be connected to the eleventh port of the twelve-way water valve (19), and the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve (19) can be connected to the fourth connection port of the water-cooled condenser (2). The third connection port of the battery cooler (4) can be connected to the seventh port of the twelve-way water valve (19), the second port of the twelve-way water valve (19) can be connected to the first connection port of the cold air core (6), the second connection port of the cold air core (6) can be connected to the first connection port of the warm air core (5), the second connection port of the warm air core (5) can be connected to the fifth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), and the sixth port of the twelve-way water valve (19) can be connected to the third connection port of the battery cooler (4).

2. The automotive heat pump air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coolant circuit also includes: a water heater (7), a first water pump (11), and a second water pump (12). The third connection port of the water-cooled condenser (2) is connected to the first connection port of the water heater (7), and the second connection port of the water heater (7) is connected to the first port of the twelve-way water valve (19). The twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve (19) is connected to the first connection port of the first water pump (11), and the second connection port of the first water pump (11) is connected to the fourth connection port of the water-cooled condenser (2). The third connection port of the battery cooler (4) is connected to the first connection port of the second water pump (12), and the second connection port of the second water pump (12) is connected to the seventh port of the twelve-way water valve (19). The sixth port of the twelve-way water valve (19) is connected to the fourth connection port of the battery cooler (4).

3. The automotive heat pump air conditioning system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The coolant circuit also includes: a third water pump (13), a first three-way water valve (15), a second three-way water valve (16), a third three-way water valve (17), a fourth three-way water valve (18), and a motor (20); The third connection port of the water-cooled condenser (2) is connected to the first port of the twelve-way water valve (19); the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve (19) is connected to the first connection port of the first three-way water valve (15); and the second connection port of the first three-way water valve (15) is connected to the first connection port of the outdoor radiator (8). The second connection port of the outdoor radiator (8) is connected to the first connection port of the second three-way water valve (16), the third connection port of the first three-way water valve (15), and the first connection port of the motor (20), respectively. The second connection port of the second three-way water valve (16) is connected to the eleventh port of the twelve-way water valve (19), the third connection port of the second three-way water valve (16) is connected to the first connection port of the third water pump (13), and the second connection port of the third water pump (13) is connected to the first connection port of the motor (20). The second port of the twelve-way water valve (19) is connected to the first connection port of the cold air core (6), and the second connection port of the cold air core (6) is connected to the first connection port of the third three-way water valve (17). The second connection port of the third three-way water valve (17) is connected to the third port of the twelve-way water valve (19), and the third connection port of the third three-way water valve (17) is connected to the first connection port of the fourth three-way water valve (18). The second connection port of the fourth three-way water valve (18) is connected to the fourth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), the third connection port of the fourth three-way water valve (18) is connected to the first connection port of the heating core (5), and the second connection port of the heating core (5) is connected to the sixth port of the twelve-way water valve (19).

4. The automotive heat pump air conditioning system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The coolant circuit also includes: a battery (9), a water-to-water heat exchanger (10), and a fourth water pump (14). The first connection port of the water-to-water heat exchanger (10) is connected to the eighth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), and the second connection port of the water-to-water heat exchanger (10) is connected to the ninth port of the twelve-way water valve (19). The third connection port of the water-to-water heat exchanger (10) is connected to the first connection port of the battery (9), the second connection port of the battery (9) is connected to the first connection port of the fourth water pump (14), and the second connection port of the fourth water pump (14) is connected to the fourth connection port of the water-to-water heat exchanger (10).

5. The automotive heat pump air conditioning system according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the cabin cooling mode is running: The refrigerant flows sequentially through the compressor (1), the water-cooled condenser (2), the electronic expansion valve (3), and the battery cooler (4), and then flows back to the compressor (1) from the battery cooler (4). Coolant flows from the water-cooled condenser (2) to the first port of the twelve-way water valve (19), then flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows out from the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows into the outdoor heat exchanger (8) through the first three-way water valve (15), flows out from the outdoor heat exchanger (8), flows into the eleventh port of the twelve-way water valve (19) through the second three-way water valve (16), flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows out from the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), and flows back to the water-cooled condenser (2) through the first water pump (11). Coolant flows from the battery cooler (4) to the second water pump (12), from the second water pump (12) to the seventh port of the twelve-way water valve (19), through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the second port of the twelve-way water valve (19), from the second port of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the water-cooled evaporator (6), from the water-cooled evaporator (6) to the third three-way water valve (17) and the fourth three-way water valve (18) to the warm air core (5), from the warm air core (5) to the fifth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the sixth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), from the sixth port of the twelve-way water valve (19) back to the battery cooler (4).

6. The automotive heat pump air conditioning system according to claim 4, characterized in that, When operating in cabin air source heat pump heating mode: The refrigerant flows sequentially through the compressor (1), the water-cooled condenser (2), the electronic expansion valve (3), and the battery cooler (4), and then flows back to the compressor (1) from the battery cooler (4). Coolant flows from the water-cooled condenser (2) to the first port of the twelve-way water valve (19), then flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the fifth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), then flows out from the fifth port of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the heater core (5), then flows out from the heater core (5), then flows into the water-cooled evaporator (6) through the fourth three-way water valve (18) and the third three-way water valve (17), then flows out from the water-cooled evaporator (6) to the second port of the twelve-way water valve (19), then flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), then flows out from the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), and then flows back to the water-cooled condenser (2) via the first water pump (11). Coolant flows out from the battery cooler (4), flows into the seventh port of the twelve-way water valve (19) via the second water pump (12), flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows out from the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows into the outdoor heat exchanger (8) via the first three-way water valve (15), flows out from the outdoor heat exchanger (8), flows into the eleventh port of the twelve-way water valve (19) via the motor (20) and the second three-way water valve (16), flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the sixth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows out from the sixth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), and flows back to the battery cooler (4).

7. The automotive heat pump air conditioning system according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the cabin water heater is in heating mode: The refrigerant flows sequentially through the compressor (1), the water-cooled condenser (2), the electronic expansion valve (3), and the battery cooler (4), and then flows back to the compressor (1) from the battery cooler (4). Coolant flows from the water-cooled condenser (2) to the water heater (7), from the water heater (7) to the first port of the twelve-way water valve (19), through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the fifth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), from the fifth port of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the warm air core (5), from the warm air core (5) to the fourth three-way water valve (18) and the third three-way water valve (17) to the water-cooled evaporator (6), from the water-cooled evaporator (6) to the second port of the twelve-way water valve (19), through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), from the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the first water pump (11) back to the water-cooled condenser (2); When the cabin heating and dehumidification mode is running: The refrigerant flows sequentially through the compressor (1), the water-cooled condenser (2), the electronic expansion valve (3), and the battery cooler (4), and then flows back to the compressor (1) from the battery cooler (4). Coolant flows from the water-cooled condenser (2) to the water heater (7), from the water heater (7) to the first port of the twelve-way water valve (19), through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the fourth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), from the fourth port of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the heater core (5) through the fourth three-way water valve (18), from the heater core (5) to the fifth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), from the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the first water pump (11) and back to the water-cooled condenser (2); Coolant flows out from the battery cooler (4), flows into the seventh port of the twelve-way water valve (19) via the second water pump (12), flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the third port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows out from the third port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows into the water-cooled evaporator (6) via the third three-way water valve (17), flows out from the water-cooled evaporator (6) to the second port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the sixth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows out from the sixth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), and flows back to the battery cooler (4).

8. The automotive heat pump air conditioning system according to claim 4, characterized in that, When running battery cooling mode: The refrigerant flows sequentially through the compressor (1), the water-cooled condenser (2), the electronic expansion valve (3), and the battery cooler (4), and then flows back to the compressor (1) from the battery cooler (4). Coolant flows from the water-cooled condenser (2) to the first port of the twelve-way water valve (19), then flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows out from the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows into the outdoor heat exchanger (8) through the first three-way water valve (15), flows out from the outdoor heat exchanger (8), flows into the eleventh port of the twelve-way water valve (19) through the second three-way water valve (16), flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows out from the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), and flows back to the water-cooled condenser (2) through the first water pump (11). Coolant flows out from the battery cooler (4), flows into the seventh port of the twelve-way water valve (19) via the second water pump (12), flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the eighth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows out from the eighth port of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the water-to-water heat exchanger (10), flows out from the water-to-water heat exchanger (10) to the ninth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the sixth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows out from the sixth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), and flows back to the battery cooler (4). Coolant flows out of the battery (9), flows into the water-to-water heat exchanger (10) via the fourth water pump (14), flows out of the water-to-water heat exchanger (10), and flows back to the battery (9). When running battery temperature equalization mode: Coolant flows out from the third water pump (13), flows into the eleventh port of the twelve-way water valve (19) through the second three-way water valve (16), flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the eighth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows out from the eighth port of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the water-to-water heat exchanger (10), flows out from the water-to-water heat exchanger (10) to the ninth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows out from the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows into the outdoor radiator (8) through the first three-way water valve (15), flows out from the outdoor radiator (8), and flows back to the third water pump (13) through the motor (20). Coolant flows out of the battery (9), flows into the water-to-water heat exchanger (10) via the fourth water pump (14), flows out of the water-to-water heat exchanger (10), and flows back to the battery (9).

9. The automotive heat pump air conditioning system according to claim 4, characterized in that, When running the battery water heater heating mode: The refrigerant flows sequentially through the compressor (1), the water-cooled condenser (2), the electronic expansion valve (3), and the battery cooler (4), and then flows back to the compressor (1) from the battery cooler (4). Coolant flows from the water-cooled condenser (2) to the water heater (7), from the water heater (7) to the first port of the twelve-way water valve (19), through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the eighth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), from the eighth port of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the water-to-water heat exchanger (10), from the water-to-water heat exchanger (10) to the ninth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), from the twelfth port of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the first water pump (11) and back to the water-cooled condenser (2); Coolant flows out of the battery (9), flows into the water-to-water heat exchanger (10) via the fourth water pump (14), flows out of the water-to-water heat exchanger (10), and flows back to the battery (9). When operating in the mode that utilizes waste heat from the motor to heat the battery: Coolant flows out from the third water pump (13), flows into the eleventh port of the twelve-way water valve (19) through the second three-way water valve (16), flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the eighth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows out from the eighth port of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the water-to-water heat exchanger (10), flows out from the water-to-water heat exchanger (10) to the ninth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows out from the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), and flows back to the third water pump (13) in sequence through the first three-way water valve (15) and the motor (20). Coolant flows out of the battery (9), flows into the water-to-water heat exchanger (10) via the fourth water pump (14), flows out of the water-to-water heat exchanger (10), and flows back to the battery (9).

10. The automotive heat pump air conditioning system according to claim 4, characterized in that, When running in motor cooling mode: Coolant flows out from the third water pump (13), flows into the eleventh port of the twelve-way water valve (19) through the second three-way water valve (16), flows through the internal core of the twelve-way water valve (19) to the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows out from the tenth port of the twelve-way water valve (19), flows into the outdoor radiator (8) through the first three-way water valve (15), flows out from the outdoor radiator (8), and flows back to the third water pump (13) through the motor (20).

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