High-precision extensible multi-channel series battery equalization circuit

Abstract

A high-precision extensible multichannel series battery equalization circuit comprises a two-stage isolation DC-DC converter with n paths of output, n or 2n equalization capacitors and a battery pack formed by n series battery monomers, and automatic voltage equalization is realized by adding the equalization capacitors among output units. Compared with a traditional converter type equalization structure, equalization of the battery pack is achieved only through a small number of switches, series-connection single batteries can be expanded according to actual requirements, the number of the switches cannot be increased along with the number of the single batteries in the series-connection battery pack, the control difficulty and cost of the circuit are reduced, voltage deviation is effectively reduced, and the service life of the battery pack is prolonged. And the battery equalization precision is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power battery technology, and more particularly to battery balancing technology for series-connected single cells, specifically to a high-precision, scalable multi-channel series-connected battery balancing circuit. Background Technology

[0002] With the accelerated global energy structure transformation, new energy vehicles, renewable energy storage systems, and other fields are experiencing explosive growth. As the core energy carrier, the performance and safety of power battery packs directly determine the operational performance of related equipment. However, in actual production and use, power battery packs consist of dozens or even hundreds of individual cells connected in series or parallel. Due to limitations in manufacturing process precision, material characteristics, environmental temperature and humidity fluctuations, and charge / discharge cycle counts, inconsistencies in parameters such as capacity, internal resistance, and voltage are inevitable among individual cells. This inconsistency intensifies over time, with some cells exhibiting faster performance degradation becoming the "weak link" of the entire battery pack. This results in the actual usable capacity of the battery pack being far lower than the theoretical capacity of the individual cells, and a significant decrease in charge / discharge efficiency. Furthermore, inconsistency can lead to overcharging and over-discharging of individual cells, accelerating battery aging and increasing the risk of thermal runaway, fires, and explosions, severely limiting the lifespan and application scope of power battery packs. Therefore, battery balancing technology, which can improve the consistency of individual cells, has gradually become a key research focus in the power battery field.

[0003] Currently, battery balancing technology is mainly divided into passive balancing and active balancing based on different energy processing methods. Passive balancing dissipates excess energy as heat through resistors, but this method causes energy loss in the battery pack, and the high-temperature environment caused by improper heat dissipation can damage the performance of the battery pack.

[0004] Active balancing technology, which transfers energy from higher-level battery cells to lower-level cells, has become a core research hotspot in the field of battery balancing. For example, patent document CN202511067751 discloses a series battery balancing circuit, balancing method, and application suitable for grid-type energy storage. It converts the DC power of the battery pack into square-wave AC power through a conversion module, and then a symmetrical balancing module utilizes the high and low level characteristics of AC power to achieve battery voltage balancing by having the left and right sub-units work alternately. This method has advantages such as simplified circuitry, high balancing efficiency, fast response, and reduced battery current stress, which can improve the reliability and economy of energy storage systems. However, it cannot dynamically adjust the balancing current, has limited balancing accuracy, and the shared secondary winding structure is easily affected by parasitic parameters when the number of batteries increases, resulting in poor scalability.

[0005] In view of this, the applicant proposes a high-precision, scalable, multi-channel series battery equalization circuit. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problems existing in the current battery balancing technology, such as insufficient balancing accuracy, poor system scalability, and complex control due to the large number of active switches, and to provide an active balancing solution that is simple in structure, highly efficient in control, and suitable for series battery packs.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A high-precision, scalable, multi-channel series battery balancing circuit, the front-end of which includes a DC input source, a power switch, and a magnetizing inductor. L m Multiple diodes, transformer primary windings; the subsequent stage of the circuit includes... n Each output includes a secondary winding, a balancing capacitor, an output capacitor, and a battery. The circuit achieves efficient and precise energy transfer among multiple series-connected batteries through a front-end controllable power switch coupled with a transformer, resulting in high balancing accuracy. The rear-end adopts a modular multi-output design, which can be easily expanded to any number of batteries.

[0008] The subsequent circuitry of the circuit includes n Output isolation Zeta structure n Output half-wave rectifier structure, n Output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure n One of the topologies includes the full-wave rectifier structure for output.

[0009] If the subsequent circuit of the circuit includes n The output isolation Zeta structure uses... n The output isolation Zeta structure connection form is as follows: The first output includes the transformer secondary winding. L s1 A series capacitor C s1 One rectifier diode D1, one output filter inductor L 1. One output capacitor C 1; Transformer secondary winding L s1 Connect the same terminal to the series capacitor C s1 One end, series capacitor C s1 The other end connects to the cathode of rectifier diode D1 and the output filter inductor. L One end of 1 is connected. Output filter inductor. L The other end of 1 is connected to the output capacitor. C 1. Positive terminal, output capacitor CThe negative terminal of 1 is connected to the anode of rectifier diode D1 and the secondary winding of the transformer. L s1 Non-same-name end; The second output includes the transformer secondary winding. L s2 A series capacitor C s2 One rectifier diode D2, one output filter inductor L 2. One output capacitor C 2; Transformer secondary winding L s2 Connect the same terminal to the series capacitor C s2 One end, series capacitor C s2 The other end connects to the cathode of rectifier diode D2 and the output filter inductor. L One end of 2 is connected. Output filter inductor. L The other end of 2 is connected to the output capacitor. C 2's positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 2 is connected to the anode of rectifier diode D2 and the secondary winding of the transformer. L s2 Non-same-name end; ...and so on, No. n The output circuit includes the secondary winding of the transformer. L sn A series capacitor C sn A rectifier diode D n An output filter inductor L n One output capacitor C n ; Transformer secondary winding L sn Connect the same terminal to the series capacitor C sn One end, series capacitor C sn The other end is connected to the rectifier diode D n Cathode and output filter inductor L n One end is connected. Output filter inductor. L n The other end is connected to the output capacitor. C n The positive terminal, output capacitor C n The negative terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. n anode and transformer secondary winding Lsn The non-same-name terminal.

[0010] The connection between the balancing capacitors and each output isolation Zeta structure is as follows: capacitance C B1 One end is connected to the cathode of diode D1 and the capacitor. C s1 and output filter inductor L 1. Capacitor C B1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B2 , C B3 ... C Bn Intersection; capacitance C B2 One end is connected to the cathode of diode D2 and the capacitor. C s2 and output filter inductor L 2. Capacitor C B2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B1 , C B3 ... C Bn Intersection; ...and so on, capacitance C Bn One end is connected to diode D n Cathode and capacitor C sn and output filter inductor L n ,capacitance C Bn The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B1 , C B2 ... C Bn-1 Intersection; n The connection configuration of each battery and each output isolation Zeta structure is as follows: The positive terminal of battery B1 is connected to the output capacitor in the first output isolation Zeta structure. C 1's positive terminal and output filter inductor L 1. The negative terminal of battery B1 is connected to the first output isolation Zeta structure. C 1's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s1The non-identical terminals and the positive terminal of battery B2; The positive terminal of battery B2 is connected to the output capacitor in the second output isolation Zeta structure. C 2's positive terminal and output filter inductor L 2. The negative terminal of battery B2 is connected to the second output isolation Zeta structure. C 2's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s2 The non-identical terminals and the positive terminal of battery B3; ...and so on, Battery B n The positive terminal is connected to the first n Output capacitor in a Zeta structure with output isolation C n The positive terminal and the output filter inductor L n Battery B n The negative terminal is connected to the first n In the Zeta structure with isolated output path C n The negative terminal and the secondary winding of the transformer L sn The non-same-name terminal.

[0011] If the subsequent circuit of the circuit includes n The output half-wave rectifier structure uses... n The connection form of the output half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: The first-path output half-wave rectifier structure includes the transformer secondary winding. L s1 One rectifier diode D1, one output capacitor C 1; Transformer secondary winding L s1 The anode of diode D1 is connected to the same terminal, and the cathode of diode D1 is connected to a capacitor. C 1. Positive terminal, transformer secondary winding L s1 Non-identical terminals connected capacitors C 1. Negative electrode; The second-output half-wave rectifier structure includes the transformer secondary winding. L s2 One rectifier diode D2, one output capacitor C 2; Transformer secondary winding L s2 The anode of diode D2 is connected to the same terminal, and the cathode of diode D2 is connected to a capacitor. C 2. Positive terminal, transformer secondary winding L s2 Non-identical terminals connected capacitors C 2. Negative electrode; ...and so on, No. n The output half-wave rectifier structure includes the secondary winding of the transformer. L sn A rectifier diode D n One output capacitor C n ; Transformer secondary winding L sn Connect diode D to the same terminal n Anode, diode D n Cathode connection capacitor C n Positive terminal, transformer secondary winding L sn Non-identical terminals connected capacitors C n negative electrode.

[0012] The connection between the balancing capacitor and each output half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: capacitance C B1 One end is connected to the anode of diode D1 and the secondary winding. L s1 Same terminal, capacitor C B1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B2 , C B3 ... C Bn Intersection; capacitance C B2 One end is connected to the anode of diode D2 and the secondary winding. L s2 Same terminal, capacitor C B2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B1 , C B3 ... C Bn Intersection; ...and so on, capacitance C Bn One end is connected to diode D n Anode and secondary winding L sn Same terminal, capacitor C Bn The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B1 , C B2 ...C Bn-1 Intersection point.

[0013] n The connection configuration of each battery and each output half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: The positive terminal of battery B1 is connected to the output capacitor in the first output half-wave rectifier structure. C The positive terminal of battery B1 and the cathode of rectifier diode D1, and the negative terminal of battery B1 are connected to the first output half-wave rectifier structure. C 1's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s1 The non-identical terminals and the positive terminal of battery B2; The positive terminal of battery B2 is connected to the output capacitor in the second output half-wave rectifier structure. C The positive terminal of battery B2 and the cathode of rectifier diode D2, and the negative terminal of battery B2 are connected to the second output half-wave rectifier structure. C 2's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s2 The non-identical terminals and the positive terminal of battery B3; ...and so on, Battery B n The positive terminal is connected to the first n Output capacitor in the half-wave rectifier structure C n The positive terminal and rectifier diode D n The cathode, battery B n The negative terminal is connected to the first n In the half-wave rectifier structure of the output circuit C n The negative terminal and the secondary winding of the transformer L sn The non-same-name terminal.

[0014] If the subsequent circuit of the circuit includes n The output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure uses... n The connection form of the output center-tap half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: The first-path output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure includes a transformer secondary winding with a center tap. L s1 Two rectifier diodes D 11 and D 12 One output capacitor C 1; Transformer secondary winding L s1 The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 11 The anode of the rectifier diode D 11 The cathode is connected to the rectifier diode D 12 cathode and output capacitorC 1. Positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 1 is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer. L s1 Center tap, rectifier diode D 12 Anode connection transformer secondary winding L s1 Non-same-name end; The second-output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure includes a transformer secondary winding with a center tap. L s2 Two rectifier diodes D 21 and D 22 One output capacitor C 2; Transformer secondary winding L s2 The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 21 The anode of the rectifier diode D 21 The cathode is connected to the rectifier diode D 22 cathode and output capacitor C 2's positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 2 is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer. L s2 Center tap, rectifier diode D 22 Anode connection transformer secondary winding L s2 The non-same-name terminal.

[0015] ...and so on, No. n The output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure includes a transformer secondary winding with a center tap. L sn Two rectifier diodes D n1 and D n2 One output capacitor C n ; Transformer secondary winding L sn The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. n1 The anode of the rectifier diode D n1 The cathode is connected to the rectifier diode D n2 cathode and output capacitor C n The positive terminal, output capacitor C n The negative terminal is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer. L sn Center tap, rectifier diode D n2 Anode connection transformer secondary winding L sn The non-same-name terminal.

[0016] The connection between the balancing capacitor and each output center-tap half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: Equalizing capacitor C BU1 One end is connected to diode D 11 Anode and secondary winding L s1 Same terminal, capacitor C BU1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU2 , C BU3 ... C BUn Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BD1 One end is connected to diode D 12 Anode and secondary winding L s1 Non-identical terminals, capacitor C BD1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD2 , C BD3 ... C BDn Intersection; Equalizing capacitor C BU2 One end is connected to diode D 21 Anode and secondary winding L s2 Same terminal, capacitor C BU2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU1 , C BU3 ... C BUn Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BD2 One end is connected to diode D 22 Anode and secondary winding L s2 Non-identical terminals, capacitor C BD2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD1 , C BD3 ... C BDn Intersection; ...and so on, Equalizing capacitor C BUn One end is connected to diode D n1Anode and secondary winding L sn Same terminal, capacitor C BUn The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU1 , C BU2 ... C BUn-1 Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BDn One end is connected to diode D n2 Anode and secondary winding L sn Non-identical terminals, capacitor C BDn The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD1 , C BD2 ... C BDn-1 Intersection point.

[0017] n The connection configuration of each battery and each output center tap half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: The positive terminal of battery B1 is connected to the output capacitor in the first output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure. C 1's positive terminal and rectifier diode D 11 The cathode of battery B1 is connected to the negative terminal of the first output center-tap half-wave rectifier structure. C 1's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s1 The center tap and the positive terminal of battery B2; The positive terminal of battery B2 is connected to the output capacitor in the second output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure. C 2's positive terminal and rectifier diode D 21 The cathode of battery B2 is connected to the negative terminal of the second output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure. C 2's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s2 The center tap and the positive terminal of battery B3; ...and so on, Battery B n The positive terminal is connected to the first n Output capacitor in the center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure C n The positive terminal and rectifier diode D n1 The cathode, battery B n The negative terminal is connected to the first n In the output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure C nThe negative terminal and the secondary winding of the transformer L sn The center tap.

[0018] The next stage is n Each output full-wave rectifier in a converter includes a secondary winding, four rectifier diodes, and one output capacitor; DC input source U in The input terminals of the two-stage and two-pole isolated DC-DC converters are directly connected.

[0019] If the subsequent circuit of the circuit includes n The full-wave rectifier structure for the output circuit adopts... n The connection form of the full-wave rectifier output structure is as follows: The first-path full-wave rectifier structure includes the transformer secondary winding. L s1 Four rectifier diodes D 11 D 12 D 13 and D 14 This forms a rectifier bridge BR1 and an output capacitor. C 1. In the rectifier bridge BR1, the rectifier diode D 11 anode and D 13 The anode of diode D is connected. 11 Cathode and D 12 The anode of diode D is connected. 13 Cathode and D 14 The anode of diode D is connected. 12 Cathode and D 14 The cathodes are connected. Secondary winding L s1 The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 11 Cathode and D 12 The anode of the rectifier diode D 12 With D 14 Cathode connection output capacitor C 1. Positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 1 is connected to the rectifier diode D. 11 and D 13 anode, secondary winding L s1 The non-identical terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 13 cathode and D 14 anode; The second-output full-wave rectifier structure includes the transformer secondary winding. L s2 Four rectifier diodes D 21 D 22 D23 and D 24 This forms a rectifier bridge BR2 and an output capacitor. C 2. In the rectifier bridge BR2, the rectifier diode D 21 anode and D 23 The anode of diode D is connected. 21 Cathode and D 22 The anode of diode D is connected. 23 Cathode and D 24 The anode of diode D is connected. 22 Cathode and D 24 The cathodes are connected. Secondary winding L s2 The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 21 Cathode and D 22 The anode of the rectifier diode D 22 With D 24 Cathode connection output capacitor C 2's positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 2 is connected to the rectifier diode D. 21 and D 23 anode, secondary winding L s2 The non-identical terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 23 cathode and D 24 anode; ...and so on, No. n The full-wave rectifier structure for the output circuit includes the secondary winding of the transformer. L sn Four rectifier diodes D n1 D n2 D n3 and D n4 A rectifier bridge BR was formed. n One output capacitor C n ; In the rectifier bridge BR n In the middle, rectifier diode D n1 anode and D n3 The anode of diode D is connected. n1 Cathode and D n2 The anode of diode D is connected. n3 Cathode and D n4 The anode of diode D is connected. n2 Cathode and D n4 The cathodes are connected. Secondary winding L sn The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. n1 Cathode and D n2 The anode of the rectifier diode Dn2 With D n4 Cathode connection output capacitor C n The positive terminal, output capacitor C n The negative terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. n1 and D n3 anode, secondary winding L sn The non-identical terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. n3 cathode and D n4 The anode.

[0020] The connection between the balancing capacitor and each output full-wave rectifier structure is as follows: Equalizing capacitor C BU1 One end is connected to the secondary winding L s1 Same terminal, diode D 11 Cathode and D 12 Anode, capacitor C BU1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU2 , C BU3 ... C BUn Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BD1 One end is connected to the secondary winding L s1 Non-identical terminals, diode D 13 Cathode and D 14 Anode, capacitor C BD1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD2 , C BD3 ... C BDn Intersection; Equalizing capacitor C BU2 One end is connected to the secondary winding L s2 Same terminal, diode D 21 Cathode and D 22 Anode, capacitor C BU2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU1 , C BU3 ... C BUn Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BD2One end is connected to the secondary winding L s2 Non-identical terminals, diode D 23 Cathode and D 24 Anode, capacitor C BD2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD1 , C BD3 ... C BDn Intersection; ...and so on, Equalizing capacitor C BUn One end is connected to the secondary winding L sn Same terminal, diode D n1 Cathode and D n2 Anode, capacitor C BUn The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU1 , C BU2 ... C BUn-1 Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BDn One end is connected to the secondary winding L sn Non-identical terminals, diode D n3 Cathode and D n4 Anode, capacitor C BDn The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD1 , C BD2 ... C BDn-1 Intersection point.

[0021] n The connection configuration of each battery and each output full-wave rectifier structure is as follows: The positive terminal of battery B1 is connected to the output capacitor in the first output full-wave rectifier structure. C 1's positive terminal and diode D 12 With D 14 The cathode of battery B1 is connected to the negative terminal of the first output full-wave rectifier structure. C The negative terminal of 1 and diode D 11 With D 13 The anode of B2 and the positive electrode of battery B2; The positive terminal of battery B2 is connected to the output capacitor in the second output full-wave rectifier structure. C 2's positive terminal and diode D 22 With D24 The cathode of battery B2 and the negative terminal of battery B2 are connected to the second output full-wave rectifier structure. C The negative terminal of 2 and diode D 21 With D 23 The anode and the positive electrode of battery B3; ...and so on, Battery B n The positive terminal is connected to the first n Output capacitor in full-wave rectifier structure C n The positive electrode and diode D n2 With D n4 The cathode, battery B n The negative terminal is connected to the first n In the full-wave rectifier structure of the output circuit C n The negative electrode and diode D n1 With D n3 The anode.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: 1) Adopting a multi-channel independent output architecture, each battery cell corresponds to an isolated equalization channel, and equalization capacitors are introduced between channels to achieve precise matching of state of charge (SOC); the energy transmission of each channel is decoupled from each other to avoid crosstalk, significantly reduce the voltage deviation between individual cells, and achieve high-precision equalization of the battery pack. 2) The power stage supports multiple multi-channel topologies (such as full-wave rectification, isolated Zeta, center tap or half-wave rectification). When adding a battery, only the corresponding channel needs to be expanded. There is no need to modify the main circuit of the front stage. The system can flexibly adapt to series battery packs of any size. 3) The entire system requires only a small number of front-end active switches, the number of which does not increase with the number of battery cells, greatly reducing drive complexity, control costs and failure risks, and improving overall power balance capability. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This invention relates to a battery balancing circuit in which an asymmetrical half-bridge preamplifier and an isolated Zeta structure postamplifier work together in the circuit schematic. Figure 2 The circuit diagram of this invention is a battery balancing circuit that combines a dual-tube clamping preamplifier with a half-wave rectifier postamplifier. Figure 3 The circuit diagram of this invention is a battery balancing circuit that combines a push-pull preamplifier with a center-tapped half-wave rectifier postamplifier. Figure 4 This invention relates to a battery balancing circuit in which a full-bridge front-end and a full-wave rectifier structure are combined in the circuit schematic. Figure 5 This is a four-channel battery equalization circuit in an embodiment of the present invention, which combines an asymmetric half-bridge preamplifier with an isolated Zeta structure postamplifier. Figure 6 This is a four-channel battery equalization circuit in this embodiment of the invention, which combines a dual-tube clamped preamplifier with a half-wave rectifier postamplifier. Figure 7 This is a four-channel battery equalization circuit in this embodiment of the invention, consisting of a push-pull preamplifier and a center-tapped half-wave rectifier output stage. Figure 8 This is a four-channel battery equalization circuit in this embodiment of the invention, which combines a full-bridge preamplifier with a full-wave rectifier postamplifier. Figure 9 A battery equalization circuit that combines a traditional asymmetric half-bridge preamplifier with an isolated Zeta structure postamplifier. Figure 10 A battery balancing circuit that combines a traditional dual-tube clamped preamplifier with a half-wave rectifier postamplifier. Figure 11 A battery balancing circuit that combines a traditional push-pull preamplifier with a center-tapped half-wave rectifier power amplifier. Figure 12 A battery balancing circuit that combines a traditional full-bridge preamplifier with a full-wave rectifier postamplifier. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram comparing the equalization effect of the circuit with the asymmetric half-bridge preamplifier and the four-way isolated Zeta power amplifier in this embodiment of the invention with that of the traditional circuit. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram comparing the equalization effect of the dual-tube clamped preamplifier and the four-way half-wave rectifier structure postamplifier circuit in this embodiment of the invention with that of the traditional circuit. Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram comparing the equalization effect of the push-pull preamplifier and the four-channel center-tapped half-wave rectifier power amplifier circuit in this embodiment of the invention with that of the traditional circuit. Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram comparing the equalization effect of the full-bridge preamplifier and four-channel full-wave rectifier postamplifier structure in this embodiment of the invention with that of the traditional circuit. Detailed Implementation

[0024] like Figure 1-4 As shown, a high-precision, scalable, multi-channel series battery balancing circuit includes a DC input source, a power switch, and a magnetizing inductor in its front-end stage. L m Multiple diodes, transformer primary windings; the subsequent stage of the circuit includes... n Each output includes a secondary winding, a balancing capacitor, an output capacitor, and a battery. The circuit achieves efficient and precise energy transfer among multiple series-connected batteries through a front-end controllable power switch coupled with a transformer, resulting in high balancing accuracy. The rear-end adopts a modular multi-output design, which can be easily expanded to any number of batteries.

[0025] The subsequent circuitry of the circuit includes n Output isolation Zeta structure n Output half-wave rectifier structure, n Output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure n One of the topologies includes the full-wave rectifier structure for output.

[0026] If the subsequent circuit of the circuit includes n The output isolation Zeta structure uses... n The output isolation Zeta structure connection form is as follows: The first output includes the transformer secondary winding. L s1 A series capacitor C s1 One rectifier diode D1, one output filter inductor L 1. One output capacitor C 1; Transformer secondary winding L s1 Connect the same terminal to the series capacitor C s1 One end, series capacitor C s1 The other end connects to the cathode of rectifier diode D1 and the output filter inductor. L One end of 1 is connected. Output filter inductor. L The other end of 1 is connected to the output capacitor. C 1. Positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 1 is connected to the anode of rectifier diode D1 and the secondary winding of the transformer. L s1 Non-same-name end; The second output includes the transformer secondary winding. L s2 A series capacitor C s2 One rectifier diode D2, one output filter inductor L 2. One output capacitor C 2; Transformer secondary winding L s2 Connect the same terminal to the series capacitor C s2 One end, series capacitor C s2 The other end connects to the cathode of rectifier diode D2 and the output filter inductor.L One end of 2 is connected. Output filter inductor. L The other end of 2 is connected to the output capacitor. C 2's positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 2 is connected to the anode of rectifier diode D2 and the secondary winding of the transformer. L s2 Non-same-name end; ...and so on, No. n The output circuit includes the secondary winding of the transformer. L sn A series capacitor C sn A rectifier diode D n An output filter inductor L n One output capacitor C n ; Transformer secondary winding L sn Connect the same terminal to the series capacitor C sn One end, series capacitor C sn The other end is connected to the rectifier diode D n Cathode and output filter inductor L n One end is connected. Output filter inductor. L n The other end is connected to the output capacitor. C n The positive terminal, output capacitor C n The negative terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. n anode and transformer secondary winding L sn The non-same-name terminal.

[0027] The connection between the balancing capacitors and each output isolation Zeta structure is as follows: capacitance C B1 One end is connected to the cathode of diode D1 and the capacitor. C s1 and output filter inductor L 1. Capacitor C B1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B2 , C B3 ... C Bn Intersection; capacitance C B2One end is connected to the cathode of diode D2 and the capacitor. C s2 and output filter inductor L 2. Capacitor C B2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B1 , C B3 ... C Bn Intersection; ...and so on, capacitance C Bn One end is connected to diode D n Cathode and capacitor C sn and output filter inductor L n ,capacitance C Bn The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B1 , C B2 ... C Bn-1 Intersection; n The connection configuration of each battery and each output isolation Zeta structure is as follows: The positive terminal of battery B1 is connected to the output capacitor in the first output isolation Zeta structure. C 1's positive terminal and output filter inductor L 1. The negative terminal of battery B1 is connected to the first output isolation Zeta structure. C 1's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s1 The non-identical terminals and the positive terminal of battery B2; The positive terminal of battery B2 is connected to the output capacitor in the second output isolation Zeta structure. C 2's positive terminal and output filter inductor L 2. The negative terminal of battery B2 is connected to the second output isolation Zeta structure. C 2's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s2 The non-identical terminals and the positive terminal of battery B3; ...and so on, Battery B n The positive terminal is connected to the first n Output capacitor in a Zeta structure with output isolation C n The positive terminal and the output filter inductor L n Battery Bn The negative terminal is connected to the first n In the Zeta structure with isolated output path C n The negative terminal and the secondary winding of the transformer L sn The non-same-name terminal.

[0028] If the subsequent circuit of the circuit includes n The output half-wave rectifier structure uses... n The connection form of the output half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: The first-path output half-wave rectifier structure includes the transformer secondary winding. L s1 One rectifier diode D1, one output capacitor C 1; Transformer secondary winding L s1 The anode of diode D1 is connected to the same terminal, and the cathode of diode D1 is connected to a capacitor. C 1. Positive terminal, transformer secondary winding L s1 Non-identical terminals connected capacitors C 1. Negative electrode; The second-output half-wave rectifier structure includes the transformer secondary winding. L s2 One rectifier diode D2, one output capacitor C 2; Transformer secondary winding L s2 The anode of diode D2 is connected to the same terminal, and the cathode of diode D2 is connected to a capacitor. C 2. Positive terminal, transformer secondary winding L s2 Non-identical terminals connected capacitors C 2. Negative electrode; ...and so on, No. n The output half-wave rectifier structure includes the secondary winding of the transformer. L sn A rectifier diode D n One output capacitor C n ; Transformer secondary winding L sn Connect diode D to the same terminal n Anode, diode D n Cathode connection capacitor C n Positive terminal, transformer secondary winding L sn Non-identical terminals connected capacitors C n negative electrode.

[0029] The connection between the balancing capacitor and each output half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: capacitance C B1 One end is connected to the anode of diode D1 and the secondary winding. L s1 Same terminal, capacitor C B1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B2 , C B3 ... C Bn Intersection; capacitance C B2 One end is connected to the anode of diode D2 and the secondary winding. L s2 Same terminal, capacitor C B2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B1 , C B3 ... C Bn Intersection; ...and so on, capacitance C Bn One end is connected to diode D n Anode and secondary winding L sn Same terminal, capacitor C Bn The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B1 , C B2 ... C Bn-1 Intersection point.

[0030] n The connection configuration of each battery and each output half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: The positive terminal of battery B1 is connected to the output capacitor in the first output half-wave rectifier structure. C The positive terminal of battery B1 and the cathode of rectifier diode D1, and the negative terminal of battery B1 are connected to the first output half-wave rectifier structure. C 1's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s1 The non-identical terminals and the positive terminal of battery B2; The positive terminal of battery B2 is connected to the output capacitor in the second output half-wave rectifier structure. C The positive terminal of battery B2 and the cathode of rectifier diode D2, and the negative terminal of battery B2 are connected to the second output half-wave rectifier structure.C 2's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s2 The non-identical terminals and the positive terminal of battery B3; ...and so on, Battery B n The positive terminal is connected to the first n Output capacitor in the half-wave rectifier structure C n The positive terminal and rectifier diode D n The cathode, battery B n The negative terminal is connected to the first n In the half-wave rectifier structure of the output circuit C n The negative terminal and the secondary winding of the transformer L sn The non-same-name terminal.

[0031] If the subsequent circuit of the circuit includes n The output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure uses... n The connection form of the output center-tap half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: The first-path output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure includes a transformer secondary winding with a center tap. L s1 Two rectifier diodes D 11 and D 12 One output capacitor C 1; Transformer secondary winding L s1 The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 11 The anode of the rectifier diode D 11 The cathode is connected to the rectifier diode D 12 cathode and output capacitor C 1. Positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 1 is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer. L s1 Center tap, rectifier diode D 12 Anode connection transformer secondary winding L s1 Non-same-name end; The second-output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure includes a transformer secondary winding with a center tap. L s2 Two rectifier diodes D 21 and D 22 One output capacitor C 2; Transformer secondary winding L s2 The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 21 The anode of the rectifier diode D21 The cathode is connected to the rectifier diode D 22 cathode and output capacitor C 2's positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 2 is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer. L s2 Center tap, rectifier diode D 22 Anode connection transformer secondary winding L s2 The non-same-name terminal.

[0032] ...and so on, No. n The output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure includes a transformer secondary winding with a center tap. L sn Two rectifier diodes D n1 and D n2 One output capacitor C n ; Transformer secondary winding L sn The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. n1 The anode of the rectifier diode D n1 The cathode is connected to the rectifier diode D n2 cathode and output capacitor C n The positive terminal, output capacitor C n The negative terminal is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer. L sn Center tap, rectifier diode D n2 Anode connection transformer secondary winding L sn The non-same-name terminal.

[0033] The connection between the balancing capacitor and each output center-tap half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: Equalizing capacitor C BU1 One end is connected to diode D 11 Anode and secondary winding L s1 Same terminal, capacitor C BU1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU2 , C BU3 ... C BUn Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BD1 One end is connected to diode D 12 Anode and secondary winding Ls1 Non-identical terminals, capacitor C BD1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD2 , C BD3 ... C BDn Intersection; Equalizing capacitor C BU2 One end is connected to diode D 21 Anode and secondary winding L s2 Same terminal, capacitor C BU2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU1 , C BU3 ... C BUn Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BD2 One end is connected to diode D 22 Anode and secondary winding L s2 Non-identical terminals, capacitor C BD2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD1 , C BD3 ... C BDn Intersection; ...and so on, Equalizing capacitor C BUn One end is connected to diode D n1 Anode and secondary winding L sn Same terminal, capacitor C BUn The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU1 , C BU2 ... C BUn-1 Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BDn One end is connected to diode D n2 Anode and secondary winding L sn Non-identical terminals, capacitor C BDn The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD1 , C BD2 ...C BDn-1 Intersection point.

[0034] n The connection configuration of each battery and each output center tap half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: The positive terminal of battery B1 is connected to the output capacitor in the first output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure. C 1's positive terminal and rectifier diode D 11 The cathode of battery B1 is connected to the negative terminal of the first output center-tap half-wave rectifier structure. C 1's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s1 The center tap and the positive terminal of battery B2; The positive terminal of battery B2 is connected to the output capacitor in the second output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure. C 2's positive terminal and rectifier diode D 21 The cathode of battery B2 is connected to the negative terminal of the second output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure. C 2's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s2 The center tap and the positive terminal of battery B3; ...and so on, Battery B n The positive terminal is connected to the first n Output capacitor in the center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure C n The positive terminal and rectifier diode D n1 The cathode, battery B n The negative terminal is connected to the first n In the output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure C n The negative terminal and the secondary winding of the transformer L sn The center tap.

[0035] The next stage is n Each output full-wave rectifier in a converter includes a secondary winding, four rectifier diodes, and one output capacitor; DC input source U in The input terminals of the two-stage and two-pole isolated DC-DC converters are directly connected.

[0036] If the subsequent circuit of the circuit includes n The full-wave rectifier structure for the output circuit adopts... n The connection form of the full-wave rectifier output structure is as follows: The first-path full-wave rectifier structure includes the transformer secondary winding. L s1Four rectifier diodes D 11 D 12 D 13 and D 14 This forms a rectifier bridge BR1 and an output capacitor. C 1. In the rectifier bridge BR1, the rectifier diode D 11 anode and D 13 The anode of diode D is connected. 11 Cathode and D 12 The anode of diode D is connected. 13 Cathode and D 14 The anode of diode D is connected. 12 Cathode and D 14 The cathodes are connected. Secondary winding L s1 The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 11 Cathode and D 12 The anode of the rectifier diode D 12 With D 14 Cathode connection output capacitor C 1. Positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 1 is connected to the rectifier diode D. 11 and D 13 anode, secondary winding L s1 The non-identical terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 13 cathode and D 14 anode; The second-output full-wave rectifier structure includes the transformer secondary winding. L s2 Four rectifier diodes D 21 D 22 D 23 and D 24 This forms a rectifier bridge BR2 and an output capacitor. C 2. In the rectifier bridge BR2, the rectifier diode D 21 anode and D 23 The anode of diode D is connected. 21 Cathode and D 22 The anode of diode D is connected. 23 Cathode and D 24 The anode of diode D is connected. 22 Cathode and D 24 The cathodes are connected. Secondary winding L s2 The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 21 Cathode and D 22 The anode of the rectifier diode D 22 With D 24Cathode connection output capacitor C 2's positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 2 is connected to the rectifier diode D. 21 and D 23 anode, secondary winding L s2 The non-identical terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 23 cathode and D 24 anode; ...and so on, No. n The full-wave rectifier structure for the output circuit includes the secondary winding of the transformer. L sn Four rectifier diodes D n1 D n2 D n3 and D n4 A rectifier bridge BR was formed. n One output capacitor C n ; In the rectifier bridge BR n In the middle, rectifier diode D n1 anode and D n3 The anode of diode D is connected. n1 Cathode and D n2 The anode of diode D is connected. n3 Cathode and D n4 The anode of diode D is connected. n2 Cathode and D n4 The cathodes are connected. Secondary winding L sn The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. n1 Cathode and D n2 The anode of the rectifier diode D n2 With D n4 Cathode connection output capacitor C n The positive terminal, output capacitor C n The negative terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. n1 and D n3 anode, secondary winding L sn The non-identical terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. n3 cathode and D n4 The anode.

[0037] The connection between the balancing capacitor and each output full-wave rectifier structure is as follows: Equalizing capacitor C BU1 One end is connected to the secondary winding L s1Same terminal, diode D 11 Cathode and D 12 Anode, capacitor C BU1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU2 , C BU3 ... C BUn Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BD1 One end is connected to the secondary winding L s1 Non-identical terminals, diode D 13 Cathode and D 14 Anode, capacitor C BD1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD2 , C BD3 ... C BDn Intersection; Equalizing capacitor C BU2 One end is connected to the secondary winding L s2 Same terminal, diode D 21 Cathode and D 22 Anode, capacitor C BU2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU1 , C BU3 ... C BUn Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BD2 One end is connected to the secondary winding L s2 Non-identical terminals, diode D 23 Cathode and D 24 Anode, capacitor C BD2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD1 , C BD3 ... C BDn Intersection; ...and so on, Equalizing capacitor C BUn One end is connected to the secondary winding L sn Same terminal, diode D n1 Cathode and D n2 Anode, capacitorC BUn The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU1 , C BU2 ... C BUn-1 Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BDn One end is connected to the secondary winding L sn Non-identical terminals, diode D n3 Cathode and D n4 Anode, capacitor C BDn The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD1 , C BD2 ... C BDn-1 Intersection point.

[0038] n The connection configuration of each battery and each output full-wave rectifier structure is as follows: The positive terminal of battery B1 is connected to the output capacitor in the first output full-wave rectifier structure. C 1's positive terminal and diode D 12 With D 14 The cathode of battery B1 is connected to the negative terminal of the first output full-wave rectifier structure. C The negative terminal of 1 and diode D 11 With D 13 The anode of B2 and the positive electrode of battery B2; The positive terminal of battery B2 is connected to the output capacitor in the second output full-wave rectifier structure. C 2's positive terminal and diode D 22 With D 24 The cathode of battery B2 and the negative terminal of battery B2 are connected to the second output full-wave rectifier structure. C The negative terminal of 2 and diode D 21 With D 23 The anode and the positive electrode of battery B3; ...and so on, Battery B n The positive terminal is connected to the output capacitor in the first output full-wave rectifier structure. C n The positive electrode and diode D n2 With D n4 The cathode, battery B n The negative terminal is connected to the first output full-wave rectifier structure. C n The negative electrode and diode D n1 With D n3 The anode.

[0039] Example 1: like Figure 5 As shown, a high-precision, scalable, multi-channel series battery balancing circuit containing four battery cells, taking an asymmetric half-bridge front-end and an isolated Zeta structure rear-end as an example, includes a four-output two-stage isolated DC-DC converter, four balancing capacitors, and four lithium-ion batteries, wherein: A four-output two-stage isolated DC-DC converter includes two power switches S1 and S2, and a magnetizing inductor. L m Transformer, resonant capacitor C R resonant inductor L R The first rectifier diode D1, and the first output capacitor. C 1. First output filter inductor L 1. Coupling capacitor C s1 The second rectifier diode D2, and the second output capacitor. C 2. Second output filter inductor L 2. Coupling capacitor C s2 The third rectifier diode D3, and the third output capacitor. C 3. Third output filter inductor L 3. Coupling capacitor C s3 The fourth rectifier diode D4, and the fourth output capacitor. C 4. Fourth output filter inductor L 4. Coupling capacitor C s4 .

[0040] The connection configuration of the 4-output two-stage isolated DC-DC converter is as follows: DC input source U in The positive terminal is connected to the drain of switch S1, and the source of switch S1 is connected to the resonant inductor. L R One end of the circuit is connected to the drain of switch S2. DC input source. U in The negative terminal connects the source of switch S2 and the resonant capacitor. C R One end, magnetizing inductor L M One end is connected to a resonant inductor L M The other end and the primary winding of the transformer L P The same-named terminal, the magnetizing inductorL M The other end is connected to a resonant capacitor. C R The other end and the primary winding of the transformer L P The non-same-name terminal.

[0041] The connection configuration of the 4-channel output isolated Zeta structure stage is as follows: The first output includes the transformer secondary winding. L s1 A series capacitor C s1 One rectifier diode D1, one output filter inductor L 1. One output capacitor C 1; Transformer secondary winding L s1 Connect the same terminal to the series capacitor C s1 One end, series capacitor C s1 The other end connects to the cathode of rectifier diode D1 and the output filter inductor. L One end of 1 is connected. Output filter inductor. L The other end of 1 is connected to the output capacitor. C 1. Positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 1 is connected to the anode of rectifier diode D1 and the secondary winding of the transformer. L s1 Non-same-name end; The second output includes the transformer secondary winding. L s2 A series capacitor C s2 One rectifier diode D2, one output filter inductor L 2. One output capacitor C 2; Transformer secondary winding L s2 Connect the same terminal to the series capacitor C s2 One end, series capacitor C s2 The other end connects to the cathode of rectifier diode D2 and the output filter inductor. L One end of 2 is connected. Output filter inductor. L The other end of 2 is connected to the output capacitor. C 2's positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 2 is connected to the anode of rectifier diode D2 and the secondary winding of the transformer. L s2 Non-same-name end; The third output includes the transformer secondary winding.L s3 A series capacitor C s3 One rectifier diode D3, one output filter inductor L 3. One output capacitor C 3; Transformer secondary winding L s3 Connect the same terminal to the series capacitor C s3 One end, series capacitor C s3 The other end connects to the cathode of rectifier diode D3 and the output filter inductor. L One end of 3 is connected. Output filter inductor. L The other end of 3 is connected to the output capacitor. C 3's positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 3 is connected to the anode of rectifier diode D3 and the secondary winding of the transformer. L s3 The non-same-name terminal.

[0042] The fourth output includes the secondary winding of the transformer. L s4 A series capacitor C s4 One rectifier diode D4, one output filter inductor L 4. One output capacitor C 4; Transformer secondary winding L s4 Connect the same terminal to the series capacitor C s4 One end, series capacitor C s4 The other end connects to the cathode of rectifier diode D4 and the output filter inductor. L One end of 4 is connected. Output filter inductor. L The other end of 4 is connected to the output capacitor. C 4's positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of rectifier diode D4 is connected to the anode of rectifier diode D4 and the secondary winding of the transformer. L s4 The non-same-name terminal.

[0043] The connection between the equalization capacitor and each output isolation Zeta structure is as follows: Capacitor C B1 One end is connected to the cathode of diode D1 and the capacitor. C s1 and output filter inductor L 1. Capacitor C B1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B2, C B3 , C B4 Intersection point; Capacitor C B2 One end is connected to the cathode of diode D2 and the capacitor. C s2 and output filter inductor L 2. Capacitor C B2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B1 , C B3 , C B4 Intersection point; Capacitor C B3 One end is connected to the cathode of diode D3 and the capacitor. C s3 and output filter inductor L 3. Capacitor C B3 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B1 , C B2 , C B4 Intersection point; Capacitor C B4 One end is connected to the cathode of diode D4 and the capacitor. C s4 and output filter inductor L 4. Capacitor C B4 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B1 , C B2 , C B3 Intersection; The connection configuration of the four batteries and each output isolation Zeta structure is as follows: The positive terminal of battery B1 is connected to the output capacitor in the first output isolation Zeta structure. C 1's positive terminal and output filter inductor L 1. The negative terminal of battery B1 is connected to the first output isolation Zeta structure. C 1's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s1 The non-identical terminals and the positive terminal of battery B2; the positive terminal of battery B2 is connected to the output capacitor in the second output isolation Zeta structure. C 2's positive terminal and output filter inductor L 2. The negative terminal of battery B2 is connected to the second output isolation Zeta structure. C 2's negative terminal and the transformer secondary windingL s2 The non-identical terminals and the positive terminal of battery B3; the positive terminal of battery B3 is connected to the output capacitor in the third output isolation Zeta structure. C 3's positive terminal and output filter inductor L 3. The negative terminal of battery B3 is connected to the third output isolation Zeta structure. C 3's negative terminal and transformer secondary winding L s3 The non-identical terminals and the positive terminal of battery B4; the positive terminal of battery B4 is connected to the output capacitor in the fourth output isolation Zeta structure. C 4's positive terminal and output filter inductor L 4. The negative terminal of battery B4 is connected to the fourth output isolation Zeta structure. C 4's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s4 The non-same-name terminal.

[0044] During one switching cycle, when switch S1 is on, switch S2 is off, and diodes D1, D2, D3, and D4 are off. At this time, the capacitor... C B1 voltage u B1 With capacitor C B2 voltage u B2 The sum equals the output capacitance. C voltage of 1 u 1; Capacitor C B2 voltage u B2 With capacitor C B3 voltage u B3 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 2 voltage u 2; Capacitor C B3 voltage u B3 With capacitor C B4 voltage u B4 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 3 voltage u 3. When switch S1 is off, switch S2 is on, diodes D1, D2, D3, and D4 conduct, and energy is transferred to the secondary side of the transformer. The capacitor... C B1 voltage u B1 With capacitor CB2 voltage u B2 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 2 voltage u 2. Similarly, capacitors C B2 voltage u B2 With capacitor C B3 voltage u B3 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 3 voltage u 3. Capacitor C B3 voltage u VB3 With capacitor C B4 voltage u B4 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 4 voltage u 4. When the capacitor C B1 , C B2 , C B3 , C B4 When the size is large enough, the voltage of each battery cell is equal; When the transformer primary winding L p The current flows in from the same-name terminal, and energy is transferred to the secondary side of the transformer. For a single cell with a high SOC, energy first flows into a balancing capacitor connected in parallel with it, until the voltage at the terminal of the balancing capacitor connected in parallel with the single cell equals the voltage of the cell. This results in less energy flowing into the single cell with the higher SOC during this process. When the transformer primary winding... L p The current flows out from the same terminal, and the energy stops being transferred to the secondary side through the transformer. For a single cell with a lower SOC, in addition to flowing into the single cell from the corresponding secondary winding, energy also flows into the single cell from a balancing capacitor connected in parallel with it, until the voltage of the balancing capacitor connected in parallel with the single cell is equal to the voltage of the cell. This results in more energy flowing into the single cell with the lower SOC during the process, ultimately achieving SOC balancing of the battery pack.

[0045] Figure 13 This paper presents an example of an equalization circuit combining the asymmetric half-bridge preamplifier and the four-way isolated Zeta structure postamplifier described in this application, and compares the simulated equalization effect with that of a traditional asymmetric half-bridge four-way isolated Zeta structure.

[0046] Example 2: like Figure 6 As shown, a high-precision, scalable, multi-channel series battery equalization circuit containing four battery cells, taking a front-stage dual-tube clamping structure and a rear-stage output half-wave rectifier structure as an example, includes a four-output two-stage isolated DC-DC converter, four equalization capacitors, and four lithium-ion batteries, wherein: A four-output two-stage isolated DC-DC converter includes two power switches S1 and S2, and a magnetizing inductor. L m Transformer, clamping diode D c1 and clamping diode D c2 First rectifier diode D1, first output capacitor C 1. Second rectifier diode D2, second output capacitor C 2. Third-channel rectifier diode D3, third-channel output capacitor C 3. Fourth rectifier diode D4, fourth output capacitor C 4; The connection configuration of the 4-output two-stage isolated DC-DC converter is as follows: DC input source U in Positive terminal connected to clamping diode D c1 The cathode of the circuit is connected to the drain of switch S1, and the source of switch S1 is connected to the magnetizing inductor. L m Clamping diode D c2 The cathode and the corresponding terminal of the transformer, magnetizing inductance L m The other end is connected to the drain of switch S2 and clamping diode D. c1 The anode and the non-identical terminal of the transformer are connected, and the source of switch S2 is connected to clamping diode D. c2 anode, DC input source U in negative electrode.

[0047] The connection configuration of the stage following the 4-channel half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: The first-path output half-wave rectifier structure includes the transformer secondary winding. L s1 One rectifier diode D1, one output capacitor C 1; Transformer secondary winding L s1 The anode of diode D1 is connected to the same terminal, and the cathode of diode D1 is connected to a capacitor. C 1. Positive terminal, transformer secondary winding L s1 Non-identical terminals connected capacitors C 1. Negative electrode; The second-output half-wave rectifier structure includes the transformer secondary winding.L s2 One rectifier diode D2, one output capacitor C 2; Transformer secondary winding L s2 The anode of diode D2 is connected to the same terminal, and the cathode of diode D2 is connected to a capacitor. C 2. Positive terminal, transformer secondary winding L s2 Non-identical terminals connected capacitors C 2. Negative electrode; The third-output half-wave rectifier structure includes the transformer secondary winding. L s3 One rectifier diode D3, one output capacitor C 3; Transformer secondary winding L s3 The anode of diode D3 is connected to the same terminal, and the cathode of diode D3 is connected to a capacitor. C 3. Positive terminal, transformer secondary winding L s3 Non-identical terminals connected capacitors C 3. Negative electrode; The fourth output half-wave rectifier structure includes the secondary winding of the transformer. L s4 One rectifier diode D4, one output capacitor C 4; Transformer secondary winding L s4 The anode of diode D4 is connected to the same terminal, and the cathode of diode D4 is connected to a capacitor. C 4. Positive terminal, transformer secondary winding L s4 Non-identical terminals connected capacitors C 4. Negative electrode.

[0048] The connection between the equalizing capacitor and each output half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: [Capacitor] C B1 One end is connected to the anode of diode D1 and the secondary winding. L s1 Same terminal, capacitor C B1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B2 , C B3 , C B4 Intersection point; Capacitor C B2 One end is connected to the anode of diode D2 and the secondary winding. L s2 Same terminal, capacitor C B2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. CB1 , C B3 , C B4 Intersection point; Capacitor C B3 One end is connected to the anode of diode D3 and the secondary winding. L s3 Same terminal, capacitor C B3 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B1 , C B2 , C B4 Intersection point; Capacitor C B4 One end is connected to the anode of diode D4 and the secondary winding. L s4 Same terminal, capacitor C B4 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B1 , C B2 , C B3 Intersection point.

[0049] The connection configuration of the four batteries and each output half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: The positive terminal of battery B1 is connected to the output capacitor in the first output half-wave rectifier structure. C The positive terminal of battery B1 and the cathode of rectifier diode D1, and the negative terminal of battery B1 are connected to the first output half-wave rectifier structure. C 1's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s1 The non-identical terminals and the positive terminal of battery B2; the positive terminal of battery B2 is connected to the second output half-wave rectifier structure. C The positive terminal of battery B2 and the cathode of rectifier diode D2, and the negative terminal of battery B2 are connected to the second output half-wave rectifier structure. C 2's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s2 The non-identical terminals and the positive terminal of battery B3; the positive terminal of battery B3 is connected to the output capacitor in the third output half-wave rectifier structure. C The positive terminal of battery B3 and the cathode of rectifier diode D3, and the negative terminal of battery B3 are connected to the third output half-wave rectifier structure. C 3's negative terminal and transformer secondary winding L s3 The non-identical terminals and the positive terminal of battery B4; the positive terminal of battery B4 is connected to the fourth output half-wave rectifier structure. C The positive terminal of 4 and the cathode of rectifier diode D4, and the negative terminal of battery B4 are connected to the fourth output half-wave rectifier structure.C 4's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s4 The non-same-name terminal.

[0050] During one switching cycle, when switch S1 is on, switch S2 is off, diodes D1, D2, D3, and D4 are on, and the primary coil... L p As the current increases, the transformer begins to transfer energy to the secondary side. At this time, the capacitor... C B1 voltage u B1 With capacitor C B2 voltage u B2 The sum equals the output capacitance. C voltage of 1 u 1; Capacitor C B2 voltage u B2 With capacitor C B3 voltage u B3 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 2 voltage u 2; Capacitor C B3 voltage u B3 With capacitor C B4 voltage u B4 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 3 voltage u 3. When switch S1 is off, switch S2 is on. At this time, energy stops being transferred to the secondary side of the transformer. According to the inductor volt-second balance principle, the transformer secondary coil... L s1 , L s2 , L s3 and L s4 The average voltage is 0, write L s1 → C B1 → C B2 → L s2 → C 2→ L s1 The KVL equation for the loop can be used to obtain the capacitance. C B1 voltageu B1 With capacitor C B2 voltage u B2 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 2 voltage u 2. Similarly, capacitors C B2 voltage u B2 With capacitor C B3 voltage u B3 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 3 voltage u 3. Capacitor C B3 voltage u B3 With capacitor C B4 voltage u B4 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 4 voltage u 4. When the capacitor C B1 , C B2 , C B3 , C B4 When the capacity is large enough, the voltage of each battery cell is equal.

[0051] When the transformer primary winding L p The current flows in from the same-name terminal, and energy is transferred to the secondary side of the transformer. For a single cell with a high SOC, energy first flows into a balancing capacitor connected in parallel with it, until the voltage at the terminal of the balancing capacitor connected in parallel with the single cell equals the voltage of the single cell. This results in less energy flowing into the single cell with the higher SOC during this process. When the transformer primary winding... L p The current flows out from the same terminal, and the energy stops being transferred to the secondary side through the transformer. For a single cell with a lower SOC, in addition to flowing into the single cell from the corresponding secondary winding, energy also flows into the single cell from a balancing capacitor connected in parallel with it, until the voltage of the balancing capacitor connected in parallel with the single cell is equal to the voltage of the cell. This results in more energy flowing into the single cell with the lower SOC during the process, ultimately achieving SOC balancing of the battery pack.

[0052] Figure 14This paper presents an example of an equalization circuit combining a dual-tube clamped preamplifier and a four-way half-wave rectifier structure as described in this application, and compares the simulated equalization effect with that of a traditional dual-tube clamped four-way half-wave rectifier structure.

[0053] Example 3: like Figure 7 As shown, a high-precision, scalable, multi-channel series battery balancing circuit containing four battery cells, taking a push-pull front-stage and a center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure as an example, includes a four-output two-stage isolated DC-DC converter, eight balancing capacitors, and four lithium-ion batteries, wherein: A four-output two-stage isolated DC-DC converter includes two power switches S1 and S2, and a center-tapped magnetizing inductor. L m Transformer with center tap, first rectifier diode D 11 and rectifier diode D 12 First output capacitor C 1. Second rectifier diode D 21 and rectifier diode D 22 Second output capacitor C 2. Third rectifier diode D 31 and rectifier diode D 32 Third output capacitor C 3. Fourth rectifier diode D 41 and rectifier diode D 42 Fourth output capacitor C 4; The connection configuration of the 4-output two-stage isolated DC-DC converter is as follows: DC input source U in The negative terminal is connected to the source of switch S1 and the source of switch S2, and the drain of switch S1 is connected to the magnetizing inductor. L M One end is connected to the same terminal as the transformer. The drain of switch S2 is connected to the magnetizing inductor. L M The other end is the non-identical terminal of the transformer. DC input source. U in The positive terminals are connected to the magnetizing inductor. L M Center tap and transformer primary side center tap.

[0054] The connection configuration of the stage following the 4-output center-tap half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: The first-path output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure includes a transformer secondary winding with a center tap. L s1 Two rectifier diodes D 11 and D12 One output capacitor C 1; Transformer secondary winding L s1 The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 11 The anode of the rectifier diode D 11 The cathode is connected to the rectifier diode D 12 cathode and output capacitor C 1. Positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 1 is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer. L s1 Center tap, rectifier diode D 12 Anode connection transformer secondary winding L s1 Non-identical terminals; the second output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure includes a transformer secondary winding with a center tap. L s2 Two rectifier diodes D 21 and D 22 One output capacitor C 2; Transformer secondary winding L s2 The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 21 The anode of the rectifier diode D 21 The cathode is connected to the rectifier diode D 22 cathode and output capacitor C 2's positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 2 is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer. L s2 Center tap, rectifier diode D 22 Anode connection transformer secondary winding L s2 Non-identical terminals; the third output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure includes a transformer secondary winding with a center tap. L s3 Two rectifier diodes D 31 and D 32 One output capacitor C 3; Transformer secondary winding L s3 The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 31 The anode of the rectifier diode D 31 The cathode is connected to the rectifier diode D 32 cathode and output capacitor C 3's positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 3 is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer. L s3 Center tap, rectifier diode D 32 Anode connection transformer secondary windingL s3 Non-identical terminals; the fourth output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure includes a transformer secondary winding with a center tap. L s4 Two rectifier diodes D 41 and D 42 One output capacitor C 4; Transformer secondary winding L s4 The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 41 The anode of the rectifier diode D 41 The cathode is connected to the rectifier diode D 42 cathode and output capacitor C 4's positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 4 is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer. L s4 Center tap, rectifier diode D 42 Anode connection transformer secondary winding L s4 The non-same-name terminal.

[0055] The connection between the equalizing capacitor and each output center-tap half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: Equalizing capacitor C BU1 One end is connected to diode D 11 Anode and secondary winding L s1 Same terminal, capacitor C BU1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU2 , C BU3 , C BU4 Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BD1 One end is connected to diode D 12 Anode and secondary winding L s1 Non-identical terminals, capacitor C BD1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD2 , C BD3 , C BD4 Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BU2 One end is connected to diode D 21 Anode and secondary winding L s2 Same terminal, capacitor C BU2 The other end is connected to a capacitor.C BU1 , C BU3 , C BU4 Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BD2 One end is connected to diode D 22 Anode and secondary winding L s2 Non-identical terminals, capacitor C BD2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD1 , C BD3 , C BD4 Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BU3 One end is connected to diode D 31 Anode and secondary winding L s3 Same terminal, capacitor C BU3 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU1 , C BU2 , C BU4 Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BD3 One end is connected to diode D 32 Anode and secondary winding L s3 Non-identical terminals, capacitor C BD3 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD1 , C BD2 , C BD4 Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BU4 One end is connected to diode D 41 Anode and secondary winding L s4 Same terminal, capacitor C BU4 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU1 , C BU2 , C BU3 Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BD4 One end is connected to diode D 42 Anode and secondary winding L s4 Non-identical terminals, capacitorC BD4 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD1 , C BD2 , C BD3 Intersection point.

[0056] The connection configuration of the four batteries and each output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: The positive terminal of battery B1 is connected to the output capacitor in the first output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure. C 1's positive terminal and rectifier diode D 11 The cathode of battery B1 is connected to the negative terminal of the first output center-tap half-wave rectifier structure. C 1's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s1 The center tap of the battery and the positive terminal of battery B2; the positive terminal of battery B2 is connected to the output capacitor in the second output center tap half-wave rectifier structure. C 2's positive terminal and rectifier diode D 21 The cathode of battery B2 is connected to the negative terminal of the second output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure. C 2's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s2 The center tap and the positive terminal of battery B3; the positive terminal of battery B3 is connected to the output capacitor in the third output center tap half-wave rectifier structure. C 3's positive terminal and rectifier diode D 31 The cathode of battery B3 is connected to the negative terminal of the third output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure. C 3's negative terminal and transformer secondary winding L s3 The center tap; the positive terminal of battery B4 is connected to the output capacitor in the fourth output center tap half-wave rectifier structure. C 4's positive terminal and rectifier diode D 41 The cathode of battery B4 is connected to the negative terminal of the fourth output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure. C 4's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s4 The center tap.

[0057] During one switching cycle, when switch S1 is on, switch S2 is off, and diode D... 11 D 21 D 31 D 41 Cut-off, diode D 12 D 22 D 32 D 42 The circuit is open. At this time, the capacitor... CBD1 voltage u BD1 With capacitor C BD2 voltage u BD2 The sum equals the output capacitance. C voltage of 1 u 1; Capacitor C BD2 voltage u BD2 With capacitor C BD3 voltage u BD3 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 2 voltage u 2; Capacitor C BD3 voltage u BD3 With capacitor C BD4 voltage u BD4 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 3 voltage u 3; Capacitors C BU1 voltage u BU1 With capacitor C BU2 voltage u BU2 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 2 voltage u 2; Capacitor C BU2 voltage u BU2 With capacitor C BU3 voltage u BU3 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 3 voltage u 3; Capacitors C BU3 voltage u BU3 With capacitor C BU4 voltage u BU4 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 4 voltage u 4. When switch S1 is off, switch S2 is on, and diode D... 11 D 21 D 31 D 41 Conduction, diode D12 D 22 D 32 D 42 Cut off. At this point, the capacitor... C BD1 voltage u BD1 With capacitor C BD2 voltage u BD2 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 2 voltage u 2; Capacitor C BD2 voltage u BD2 With capacitor C BD3 voltage u BD3 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 3 voltage u 3; Capacitors C BD3 voltage u BD3 With capacitor C BD4 voltage u BD4 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 4 voltage u 4; Capacitors C BU1 voltage u BU1 With capacitor C BU2 voltage u BU2 The sum equals the output capacitance. C voltage of 1 u 1; Capacitor C BU2 voltage u BU2 With capacitor C BU3 voltage u BU3 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 2 voltage u 2; Capacitor C BU3 voltage u BU3 With capacitor C BU4 voltage u BU4 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 3 voltage u 3. When the capacitorC BD1 , C BD2 , C BD3 , C BD4 , C BU1 , C BU2 , C BU3 , C BU4 When the capacity is large enough, the voltage of each battery cell is equal.

[0058] For a single cell with a higher SOC, energy first flows into a set of equalizing capacitors connected in parallel with it until the voltage at the port of the equalizing capacitors connected in parallel with the single cell equals the cell voltage. This results in less energy flowing into the single cell with the higher SOC during this process. For a single cell with a lower SOC, energy flows into the single cell not only from the corresponding secondary winding but also from a set of equalizing capacitors connected in parallel with it until the voltage at the port of the equalizing capacitors connected in parallel with the single cell equals the cell voltage. This results in more energy flowing into the single cell with the lower SOC during this process. Ultimately, this achieves SOC balancing of the battery pack.

[0059] Figure 15 This paper compares the simulated equalization effect of an example of an equalization circuit combining a push-pull preamplifier and a four-channel center-tapped half-wave rectifier power stage as described in this application with that of a traditional push-pull preamplifier and a four-channel center-tapped half-wave rectifier power stage.

[0060] Example 4: like Figure 8 As shown, a high-precision, scalable, multi-channel series battery balancing circuit containing four battery cells, taking a front-stage full-bridge and a rear-stage full-wave rectifier structure as an example, includes a four-output two-stage isolated DC-DC converter, eight balancing capacitors, and four lithium-ion batteries, wherein: A four-output two-stage isolated DC-DC converter includes four power switches S1, S2, S3, and S4, and a magnetizing inductor. L m Transformer, first rectifier bridge BR1, first output capacitor C 1. Second rectifier bridge BR2, second output capacitor C 2. Third rectifier bridge BR3, third output capacitor C 3. Fourth rectifier bridge BR4, fourth output capacitor C 4; The connection configuration of the four-output two-stage isolated DC-DC converter is as follows: DC input source Uin The positive terminal is connected to the drain of switches S1 and S2, and the DC input source. U in The negative terminal is connected to the source terminals of switches S3 and S4, and the source terminal of switch S1 is connected to the magnetizing inductor. L M Transformer primary winding L p The terminal with the same name and the drain of switch S3, and the source of switch S2 are respectively connected to the magnetizing inductor. L M The other end, transformer winding L p Non-identical terminals and the drain of switch S4.

[0061] The connection configuration of the power stage after the 4-output full-wave rectifier structure is as follows: The first-path full-wave rectifier structure includes the transformer secondary winding. L s1 Four rectifier diodes D 11 D 12 D 13 and D 14 This forms a rectifier bridge BR1 and an output capacitor. C 1. In the rectifier bridge BR1, the rectifier diode D 11 anode and D 13 The anode of diode D is connected. 11 Cathode and D 12 The anode of diode D is connected. 13 Cathode and D 14 The anode of diode D is connected. 12 Cathode and D 14 The cathodes are connected. Secondary winding L s1 The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 11 Cathode and D 12 The anode of the rectifier diode D 12 With D 14 Cathode connection output capacitor C 1. Positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 1 is connected to the rectifier diode D. 11 and D 13 anode, secondary winding L sn The non-identical terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 13 cathode and D 14 The anode; the second output full-wave rectifier structure includes the transformer secondary winding. L s2 Four rectifier diodes D 21 D 22 D 23 and D24 This forms a rectifier bridge BR2 and an output capacitor. C 2. In the rectifier bridge BR2, the rectifier diode D 21 anode and D 23 The anode of diode D is connected. 21 Cathode and D 22 The anode of diode D is connected. 23 Cathode and D 24 The anode of diode D is connected. 22 Cathode and D 24 The cathodes are connected. Secondary winding L s2 The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 21 Cathode and D 22 The anode of the rectifier diode D 22 With D 24 Cathode connection output capacitor C 2's positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 2 is connected to the rectifier diode D. 21 and D 23 anode, secondary winding L s2 The non-identical terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 23 cathode and D 24 The anode; the third output full-wave rectifier structure includes the transformer secondary winding. L s3 Four rectifier diodes D 31 D 32 D 33 and D 34 This forms a rectifier bridge BR3 and an output capacitor. C 3; In the rectifier bridge BR3, the rectifier diode D 31 anode and D 33 The anode of diode D is connected. 31 Cathode and D 32 The anode of diode D is connected. 33 Cathode and D 34 The anode of diode D is connected. 32 Cathode and D 34 The cathodes are connected. Secondary winding L s3 The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 31 Cathode and D 32 The anode of the rectifier diode D 32 With D 34 Cathode connection output capacitor C 3's positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 3 is connected to the rectifier diode D. 31 and D33 anode, secondary winding L s3 The non-identical terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 33 cathode and D 34 The anode; the fourth output full-wave rectifier structure includes the transformer secondary winding. L s4 Four rectifier diodes D 41 D 42 D 43 and D 44 This forms a rectifier bridge BR4 and an output capacitor. C 4; In the rectifier bridge BR4, the rectifier diode D 41 anode and D 43 The anode of diode D is connected. 41 Cathode and D 42 The anode of diode D is connected. 43 Cathode and D 44 The anode of diode D is connected. 42 Cathode and D 44 The cathodes are connected. Secondary winding L s4 The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 41 Cathode and D 42 The anode of the rectifier diode D 42 With D 44 Cathode connection output capacitor C 4's positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 4 is connected to the rectifier diode D. 41 and D 43 anode, secondary winding L s4 The non-identical terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 43 cathode and D 44 The anode.

[0062] The connection between the equalizing capacitor and each output full-wave rectifier structure is as follows: Equalizing capacitor C BU1 One end is connected to the secondary winding L s1 Same terminal, diode D 11 Cathode and D 12 Anode, capacitor C BU1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU2 , C BU3 , C BU4 Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BD1One end is connected to the secondary winding L s1 Non-identical terminals, diode D 13 Cathode and D 14 Anode, capacitor C BD1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD2 , C BD3 , C BD4 Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BU2 One end is connected to the secondary winding L s2 Same terminal, diode D 21 Cathode and D 22 Anode, capacitor C BU2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU1 , C BU3 , C BU4 Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BD2 One end is connected to the secondary winding L s2 Non-identical terminals, diode D 23 Cathode and D 24 Anode, capacitor C BD2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD1 , C BD3 , C BD4 Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BU3 One end is connected to the secondary winding L s3 Same terminal, diode D 31 Cathode and D 32 Anode, capacitor C BU3 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU1 , C BU2 , C BU4 Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BD3 One end is connected to the secondary winding L s3 Non-identical terminals, diode D 33 Cathode and D 34 Anode, capacitor C BD3The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD1 , C BD2 , C BD4 Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BU4 One end is connected to the secondary winding L s4 Same terminal, diode D 41 Cathode and D 42 Anode, capacitor C BU4 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU1 , C BU2 , C BU3 Intersection point; equalizing capacitor C BD4 One end is connected to the secondary winding L s4 Non-identical terminals, diode D 43 Cathode and D 44 Anode, capacitor C BD4 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD1 , C BD2 , C BD3 Intersection point.

[0063] The connection configuration of the four batteries and each output full-wave rectifier structure is as follows: The positive terminal of battery B1 is connected to the output capacitor in the first output full-wave rectifier structure. C 1's positive terminal and diode D 12 With D 14 The cathode of battery B1 is connected to the negative terminal of the first output full-wave rectifier structure. C The negative terminal of 1 and diode D 11 With D 13 The anode of battery B1 and the positive terminal of battery B2; the positive terminal of battery B2 is connected to the output capacitor in the second full-wave rectifier structure. C 2's positive terminal and diode D 22 With D 24 The cathode of battery B2 and the negative terminal of battery B2 are connected to the second output full-wave rectifier structure. C The negative terminal of 2 and diode D 21 With D 23 The anode of battery B3 and the positive terminal of battery B3; the positive terminal of battery B3 is connected to the output capacitor in the third-path full-wave rectifier structure. C 3's positive terminal and diode D 32 With D 34The cathode of battery B3 is connected to the negative terminal of the third output full-wave rectifier structure. C 3's negative terminal and diode D 31 With D 33 The anode of battery B4 and the positive terminal of battery B4; the positive terminal of battery B4 is connected to the output capacitor in the fourth output full-wave rectifier structure. C 4's positive terminal and diode D 42 With D 44 The cathode of battery B4, and the negative terminal of battery B4, are connected to the fourth output full-wave rectifier structure. C 4 negative diode D 41 With D 43 The anode.

[0064] During one switching cycle, when switches S1 and S4 are on, switches S2 and S3 are off, and diode D... 12 D 13 Conduction, diode D 11 D 14 Cut off. At this point, the capacitor... C BD1 voltage u BD1 With capacitor C BD2 voltage u BD2 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 2 voltage u 2; Capacitor C BD2 voltage u BD2 With capacitor C BD3 voltage u BD3 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 3 voltage u 3; Capacitors C BD3 voltage u BD3 With capacitor C BD4 voltage u BD4 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 4 voltage u 4; Capacitors C BU1 voltage u BU1 With capacitor C BU2 voltage u BU2 The sum equals the output capacitance. C voltage of 1 u 1; CapacitorC BU2 voltage u BU2 With capacitor C BU3 voltage u BU3 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 2 voltage u 2; Capacitor C BU3 voltage u BU3 With capacitor C BU4 voltage u BU4 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 3 voltage u 3. When switch S1 is off, switch S2 is on, and diode D... 11 D 14 Conduction, diode D 12 D 13 Cut off. At this point, the capacitor... C BD1 voltage u BD1 With capacitor C BD2 voltage u BD2 The sum equals the output capacitance. C voltage of 1 u 1; Capacitor C BD2 voltage u BD2 With capacitor C BD3 voltage u BD3 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 2 voltage u 2; Capacitor C BD3 voltage u BD3 With capacitor C BD4 voltage u BD4 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 3 voltage u 3 capacitors C BU1 voltage u BU1 With capacitor C BU2 voltage u BU2 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 2 voltageu 2; Capacitor C BU2 voltage u BU2 With capacitor C BU3 voltage u BU3 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 3 voltage u 3; Capacitors C BU3 voltage u BU3 With capacitor C BU4 voltage u BU4 The sum equals the output capacitance. C 4 voltage u 4. When the capacitor C BD1 , C BD2 , C BD3 , C BD4 , C BU1 , C BU2 , C BU3 , C BU4 When the capacity is large enough, the voltage of each battery cell is equal.

[0065] For a single cell with a higher SOC, energy first flows into a set of equalizing capacitors connected in parallel with it, until the voltage at the port of the equalizing capacitors connected in parallel with the single cell equals the cell voltage. This results in less energy flowing into the single cell with the higher SOC during this process. For a single cell with a lower SOC, energy flows into the single cell not only from the corresponding secondary winding but also from the set of equalizing capacitors connected in parallel with it, until the voltage at the port of the equalizing capacitors connected in parallel with the single cell equals the cell voltage. This results in more energy flowing into the single cell with the lower SOC during this process. Ultimately, this achieves SOC balancing of the battery pack.

Claims

1. A high-precision, scalable multi-channel series battery equalization circuit, characterized in that, The front-end of the circuit includes a DC input source, a power switch, and a magnetizing inductor. L m Multiple diodes, transformer primary windings; the subsequent stage of the circuit includes... n Each output includes a secondary winding, a balancing capacitor, an output capacitor, and a battery. The circuit achieves efficient and precise energy transfer among multiple series-connected batteries through a front-end controllable power switch coupled with a transformer, resulting in high balancing accuracy. The power stage adopts a modular multi-output design, which can be easily expanded to any number of batteries.

2. The circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The subsequent circuitry of the circuit includes n Output isolation Zeta structure n Output half-wave rectifier structure, n Output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure n One of the topologies includes the full-wave rectifier structure for output.

3. The circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, If the subsequent circuit of the circuit includes n The output isolation Zeta structure uses... n The output isolation Zeta structure connection form is as follows: The first output includes the transformer secondary winding. L s1 A series capacitor C s1 One rectifier diode D1, one output filter inductor L 1. One output capacitor C 1; Transformer secondary winding L s1 Connect the same terminal to the series capacitor C s1 One end, series capacitor C s1 The other end connects to the cathode of rectifier diode D1 and the output filter inductor. L One end of 1 is connected; output filter inductor L The other end of 1 is connected to the output capacitor. C 1. Positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 1 is connected to the anode of rectifier diode D1 and the secondary winding of the transformer. L s1 Non-same-name end; The second output includes the transformer secondary winding. L s2 A series capacitor C s2 One rectifier diode D2, one output filter inductor L 2. One output capacitor C 2; Transformer secondary winding L s2 Connect the same terminal to the series capacitor C s2 One end, series capacitor C s2 The other end connects to the cathode of rectifier diode D2 and the output filter inductor. L One end of 2 is connected; output filter inductor L The other end of 2 is connected to the output capacitor. C 2's positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 2 is connected to the anode of rectifier diode D2 and the secondary winding of the transformer. L s2 Non-same-name end; ...and so on, No. n The output circuit includes the secondary winding of the transformer. L sn A series capacitor C sn A rectifier diode D n An output filter inductor L n One output capacitor C n ; Transformer secondary winding L sn Connect the same terminal to the series capacitor C sn One end, series capacitor C sn The other end is connected to the rectifier diode D n Cathode and output filter inductor L n One end is connected; output filter inductor L n The other end is connected to the output capacitor. C n The positive terminal, output capacitor C n The negative terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. n anode and transformer secondary winding L sn The non-same-name terminal.

4. The circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The connection between the balancing capacitors and each output isolation Zeta structure is as follows: capacitance C B1 One end is connected to the cathode of diode D1 and the capacitor. C s1 and output filter inductor L 1. Capacitor C B1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B2 , C B3 ... C Bn Intersection; capacitance C B2 One end is connected to the cathode of diode D2 and the capacitor. C s2 and output filter inductor L 2. Capacitor C B2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B1 , C B3 ... C Bn Intersection; ...and so on, capacitance C Bn One end is connected to diode D n Cathode and capacitor C sn and output filter inductor L n ,capacitance C Bn The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B1 , C B2 ... C Bn-1 Intersection; n The connection configuration of each battery and each output isolation Zeta structure is as follows: The positive terminal of battery B1 is connected to the output capacitor in the first output isolation Zeta structure. C 1's positive terminal and output filter inductor L 1. The negative terminal of battery B1 is connected to the first output isolation Zeta structure. C 1's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s1 The non-identical terminals and the positive terminal of battery B2; The positive terminal of battery B2 is connected to the output capacitor in the second output isolation Zeta structure. C 2's positive terminal and output filter inductor L 2. The negative terminal of battery B2 is connected to the second output isolation Zeta structure. C 2's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s2 The non-identical terminals and the positive terminal of battery B3; ...and so on, Battery B n The positive terminal is connected to the first n Output capacitor in a Zeta structure with output isolation C n The positive terminal and the output filter inductor L n Battery B n The negative terminal is connected to the first n In the Zeta structure with isolated output path C n The negative terminal and the secondary winding of the transformer L sn The non-same-name terminal.

5. The circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, If the subsequent circuit of the circuit includes n The output half-wave rectifier structure uses... n The connection form of the output half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: The first-path output half-wave rectifier structure includes the transformer secondary winding. L s1 One rectifier diode D1, one output capacitor C 1; Transformer secondary winding L s1 The anode of diode D1 is connected to the same terminal, and the cathode of diode D1 is connected to a capacitor. C 1. Positive terminal, transformer secondary winding L s1 Non-identical terminals connected capacitors C 1. Negative electrode; The second-output half-wave rectifier structure includes the transformer secondary winding. L s2 One rectifier diode D2, one output capacitor C 2; Transformer secondary winding L s2 The anode of diode D2 is connected to the same terminal, and the cathode of diode D2 is connected to a capacitor. C 2. Positive terminal, transformer secondary winding L s2 Non-identical terminals connected capacitors C 2. Negative electrode; ...and so on, No. n The output half-wave rectifier structure includes the secondary winding of the transformer. L sn A rectifier diode D n One output capacitor C n ; Transformer secondary winding L sn Connect diode D to the same terminal n Anode, diode D n Cathode connection capacitor C n Positive terminal, transformer secondary winding L sn Non-identical terminals connected capacitors C n negative electrode.

6. The circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The connection between the balancing capacitor and each output half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: capacitance C B1 One end is connected to the anode of diode D1 and the secondary winding. L s1 Same terminal, capacitor C B1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B2 , C B3 ... C Bn Intersection; capacitance C B2 One end is connected to the anode of diode D2 and the secondary winding. L s2 Same terminal, capacitor C B2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B1 , C B3 ... C Bn Intersection; ...and so on, capacitance C Bn One end is connected to diode D n Anode and secondary winding L sn Same terminal, capacitor C Bn The other end is connected to a capacitor. C B1 , C B2 ... C Bn-1 Intersection; n The connection configuration of each battery and each output half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: The positive terminal of battery B1 is connected to the output capacitor in the first output half-wave rectifier structure. C The positive terminal of battery B1 and the cathode of rectifier diode D1, and the negative terminal of battery B1 are connected to the first output half-wave rectifier structure. C 1's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s1 The non-identical terminals and the positive terminal of battery B2; The positive terminal of battery B2 is connected to the second output half-wave rectifier structure. C The positive terminal of battery B2 and the cathode of rectifier diode D2, and the negative terminal of battery B2 are connected to the second output half-wave rectifier structure. C 2's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s2 The non-identical terminals and the positive terminal of battery B3; ...and so on, Battery B n The positive terminal is connected to the first n In the half-wave rectifier structure of the output circuit C n The positive terminal and rectifier diode D n The cathode, battery B n The negative terminal is connected to the first n In the half-wave rectifier structure of the output circuit C n The negative terminal and the secondary winding of the transformer L sn The non-same-name terminal.

7. The circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, If the subsequent circuit of the circuit includes n The output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure uses... n The connection form of the output center-tap half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: The first-path output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure includes a transformer secondary winding with a center tap. L s1 Two rectifier diodes D 11 and D 12 One output capacitor C 1; Transformer secondary winding L s1 The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 11 The anode of the rectifier diode D 11 The cathode is connected to the rectifier diode D 12 cathode and output capacitor C 1. Positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 1 is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer. L s1 Center tap, rectifier diode D 12 Anode connection transformer secondary winding L s1 Non-same-name end; The second-output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure includes a transformer secondary winding with a center tap. L s2 Two rectifier diodes D 21 and D 22 One output capacitor C 2; Transformer secondary winding L s2 The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 21 The anode of the rectifier diode D 21 The cathode is connected to the rectifier diode D 22 cathode and output capacitor C 2's positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 2 is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer. L s2 Center tap, rectifier diode D 22 Anode connection transformer secondary winding L s2 Non-same-name end; ...and so on, No. n The output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure includes a transformer secondary winding with a center tap. L sn Two rectifier diodes D n1 and D n2 One output capacitor C n ; Transformer secondary winding L sn The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. n1 The anode of the rectifier diode D n1 The cathode is connected to the rectifier diode D n2 cathode and output capacitor C n The positive terminal, output capacitor C n The negative terminal is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer. L sn Center tap, rectifier diode D n2 Anode connection transformer secondary winding L sn The non-same-name terminal.

8. The circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that, The connection between the balancing capacitor and each output center-tap half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: Equalizing capacitor C BU1 One end is connected to diode D 11 Anode and secondary winding L s1 Same terminal, capacitor C BU1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU2 , C BU3 ... C BUn Intersection; Equalizing capacitor C BD1 One end is connected to diode D 12 Anode and secondary winding L s1 Non-identical terminals, capacitor C BD1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD2 , C BD3 ... C BDn Intersection; Equalizing capacitor C BU2 One end is connected to diode D 21 Anode and secondary winding L s2 Same terminal, capacitor C BU2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU1 , C BU3 ... C BUn Intersection; Equalizing capacitor C BD2 One end is connected to diode D 22 Anode and secondary winding L s2 Non-identical terminals, capacitor C BD2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD1 , C BD3 ... C BDn Intersection; ...and so on, Equalizing capacitor C BUn One end is connected to diode D n1 Anode and secondary winding L sn Same terminal, capacitor C BUn The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU1 , C BU2 ... C BUn-1 Intersection; Equalizing capacitor C BDn One end is connected to diode D n2 Anode and secondary winding L sn Non-identical terminals, capacitor C BDn The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD1 , C BD2 ... C BDn-1 Intersection; n The connection configuration of each battery and each output center tap half-wave rectifier structure is as follows: The positive terminal of battery B1 is connected to the output capacitor in the first output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure. C 1's positive terminal and rectifier diode D 11 The cathode of battery B1 is connected to the negative terminal of the first output center-tap half-wave rectifier structure. C 1's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s1 The center tap and the positive terminal of battery B2; The positive terminal of battery B2 is connected to the output capacitor in the second output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure. C 2's positive terminal and rectifier diode D 21 The cathode of battery B2 is connected to the negative terminal of the second output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure. C 2's negative terminal and the transformer secondary winding L s2 The center tap and the positive terminal of battery B3; ...and so on, Battery B n The positive terminal is connected to the first n Output capacitor in the center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure C n The positive terminal and rectifier diode D n1 The cathode, battery B n The negative terminal is connected to the first n In the output center-tapped half-wave rectifier structure C n The negative terminal and the secondary winding of the transformer L sn The center tap; The next stage is n Each output full-wave rectifier in a converter includes a secondary winding, four rectifier diodes, and one output capacitor; DC input source U in The input terminals of the two-stage and two-pole isolated DC-DC converters are directly connected.

9. The circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, If the subsequent circuit of the circuit includes n The full-wave rectifier structure for the output circuit adopts... n The connection form of the full-wave rectifier output structure is as follows: The first-path full-wave rectifier structure includes the transformer secondary winding. L s1 Four rectifier diodes D 11 D 12 D 13 and D 14 This forms a rectifier bridge BR1 and an output capacitor. C 1. In the rectifier bridge BR1, the rectifier diode D 11 anode and D 13 The anode of diode D is connected. 11 Cathode and D 12 The anode of diode D is connected. 13 Cathode and D 14 The anode of diode D is connected. 12 Cathode and D 14 The cathodes are connected; the secondary winding L s1 The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 11 Cathode and D 12 The anode of the rectifier diode D 12 With D 14 Cathode connection output capacitor C 1. Positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 1 is connected to the rectifier diode D. 11 and D 13 anode, secondary winding L sn The non-identical terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 13 cathode and D 14 anode; The second-output full-wave rectifier structure includes the transformer secondary winding. L s2 Four rectifier diodes D 21 D 22 D 23 and D 24 This forms a rectifier bridge BR2 and an output capacitor. C 2. In the rectifier bridge BR2, the rectifier diode D 21 anode and D 23 The anode of diode D is connected. 21 Cathode and D 22 The anode of diode D is connected. 23 Cathode and D 24 The anode of diode D is connected. 22 Cathode and D 24 The cathodes are connected; the secondary winding L s2 The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 21 Cathode and D 22 The anode of the rectifier diode D 22 With D 24 Cathode connection output capacitor C 2's positive terminal, output capacitor C The negative terminal of 2 is connected to the rectifier diode D. 21 and D 23 anode, secondary winding L s2 The non-identical terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. 23 cathode and D 24 anode; ...and so on, No. n The full-wave rectifier structure for the output circuit includes the secondary winding of the transformer. L sn Four rectifier diodes D n1 D n2 D n3 and D n4 A rectifier bridge BR was formed. n One output capacitor C n ; In the rectifier bridge BR n In the middle, rectifier diode D n1 anode and D n3 The anode of diode D is connected. n1 Cathode and D n2 The anode of diode D is connected. n3 Cathode and D n4 The anode of diode D is connected. n2 Cathode and D n4 The cathodes are connected; the secondary winding L sn The same terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. n1 Cathode and D n2 The anode of the rectifier diode D n2 With D n4 Cathode connection output capacitor C n The positive terminal, output capacitor C n The negative terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. n1 and D n3 anode, secondary winding L sn The non-identical terminal is connected to the rectifier diode D. n3 cathode and D n4 The anode.

10. The circuit according to claim 9, characterized in that, The connection between the balancing capacitor and each output full-wave rectifier structure is as follows: Equalizing capacitor C BU1 One end is connected to the secondary winding L s1 Same terminal, diode D 11 Cathode and D 12 Anode, capacitor C BU1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU2 , C BU3 ... C BUn Intersection; Equalizing capacitor C BD1 One end is connected to the secondary winding L s1 Non-identical terminals, diode D 13 Cathode and D 14 Anode, capacitor C BD1 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD2 , C BD3 ... C BDn Intersection; Equalizing capacitor C BU2 One end is connected to the secondary winding L s2 Same terminal, diode D 21 Cathode and D 22 Anode, capacitor C BU2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU1 , C BU3 ... C BUn Intersection; Equalizing capacitor C BD2 One end is connected to the secondary winding L s2 Non-identical terminals, diode D 23 Cathode and D 24 Anode, capacitor C BD2 The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD1 , C BD3 ... C BDn Intersection; ...and so on, Equalizing capacitor C BUn One end is connected to the secondary winding L sn Same terminal, diode D n1 Cathode and D n2 Anode, capacitor C BUn The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BU1 , C BU2 ... C BUn-1 Intersection; Equalizing capacitor C BDn One end is connected to the secondary winding L sn Non-identical terminals, diode D n3 Cathode and D n4 Anode, capacitor C BDn The other end is connected to a capacitor. C BD1 , C BD2 ... C BDn-1 Intersection; n The connection configuration of each battery and each output full-wave rectifier structure is as follows: The positive terminal of battery B1 is connected to the output capacitor in the first full-wave rectifier structure. C 1's positive terminal and diode D 12 With D 14 The cathode of battery B1 is connected to the negative terminal of the first output full-wave rectifier structure. C The negative terminal of 1 and diode D 11 With D 13 The anode of B2 and the positive electrode of battery B2; The positive terminal of battery B2 is connected to the output capacitor in the second full-wave rectifier structure. C 2's positive terminal and diode D 22 With D 24 The cathode of battery B2 and the negative terminal of battery B2 are connected to the second output full-wave rectifier structure. C The negative terminal of 2 and diode D 21 With D 23 The anode and the positive electrode of battery B3; ...and so on, Battery B n The positive terminal is connected to the first n Output capacitor in full-wave rectifier structure C n The positive electrode and diode D n2 With D n4 The cathode, battery B n The negative terminal is connected to the first n In the full-wave rectifier structure of the output circuit C n The negative electrode and diode D n1 With D n3 The anode.

Images