Comprehensive pest and disease control method combining winter peach fruit bagging with trapping and killing technology

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly discloses a comprehensive pest and disease damage prevention and control method combining winter peach fruit bagging with trapping and killing technology, which comprises the following steps: in a winter peach physiological fruit dropping period, suspending insect sex pheromone trappers in an orchard, and monitoring the adult sexual period of peach fruit moths and oriental fruit moths; s2, according to the monitoring result of the step S1, all fruits are uniformly bagged before the initial emergence period of the target pest adults and after fruit setting is completed; physical bagging and various trapping and killing technologies are systematically integrated in time sequence and space, pest situation monitoring is used as a guide, the optimal window period of bagging is determined, physical isolation measures are made to play the maximum effect, a composite trapping and killing system is deployed subsequently, space differentiation configuration is conducted according to ecological habits and activity rules of different pests, and the pest trapping and killing effect is improved. Accurate coverage of the trapping and killing range and the target object is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology, specifically relating to an integrated pest management method that combines bagging of winter peach fruits with trapping technology. Background Technology

[0002] Winter peaches, as a late-maturing peach variety, have a long fruit-growing period, which highly overlaps with the peak seasons of various pests and diseases. In particular, fruit-boring pests such as the peach fruit moth and pear fruit moth, as well as diseases like brown rot and anthracnose, seriously threaten fruit quality and yield. Currently, commonly used control methods in production mainly include regular spraying of chemical pesticides, fruit bagging, and the use of single physical or biological methods such as traps. While chemical control is fast-acting, long-term and frequent use can easily lead to excessive pesticide residues, increased pest resistance, and damage to the orchard's ecological environment. Fruit bagging, as an important physical protection technology, can effectively prevent some pests from directly contacting and laying eggs on the fruit, and also blocks the infection of some pathogens.

[0003] However, the aforementioned technical solutions lack synergy in pest control. Measures such as bagging, trapping, and chemical control often operate independently, failing to form an integrated technical system that is organically connected and complementary based on the pest occurrence patterns. This results in blind spots and gaps in control efforts, and decision-making is overly based on experience. The timing of key operations such as bagging relies heavily on traditional agricultural calendars or visual observation, lacking precise monitoring and prediction based on the dynamics of pest occurrence. This leads to inaccurate grasp of the control window, either increasing costs too early or losing effectiveness too late. Furthermore, the control strategies lack spatial targeting. The deployment of trapping devices is usually based on uniform or experience-based layouts, failing to consider the spatial heterogeneity of pest occurrence within the orchard, resulting in resource waste and low control efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated pest management method for winter peaches that combines fruit bagging with trapping techniques, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for integrated pest management of winter peaches that combines fruit bagging with trapping techniques includes the following steps: S1. During the physiological fruit drop period of winter peaches, insect sex pheromone traps are hung in the orchard to monitor the initial appearance of adult peach fruit moth and pear fruit moth. S2. Based on the monitoring results of step S1, before the peak emergence period of the target pest adults and after the fruit has set, all fruits are uniformly bagged. S3. After bagging, immediately establish a composite trapping system in the orchard consisting of insect sex pheromone traps, sugar-vinegar solution traps, and ultraviolet spectrum insecticidal lamps. The spatial layout of the three systems should match the habits of the target pests. S4. Regularly maintain the trapping device and remove the fruit bags 7-14 days before fruit harvest. From the time the bags are removed until harvest, the main control of adult insects in the later stages relies on the composite trapping system.

[0006] Preferably, the spatial layout of the three-dimensional trapping system in step S3 is as follows: ultraviolet spectrum insecticidal lamps are placed around the orchard and along the main road; sugar-vinegar liquid traps are scattered and suspended in the lower part of the fruit tree canopy; and insect sex pheromone traps are evenly distributed in the upper part of the fruit tree canopy inside the orchard.

[0007] Preferably, in step S3, the sugar-vinegar solution in the bait contains plant volatiles that mimic the induction of secondary pests in winter peach orchards, namely, the scarab beetle and the leafroller moth. The components include a mixture of pear esters and phenylacetaldehyde.

[0008] Preferably, in step S2, the fruit bag used for bagging is a double-layer composite paper bag with a gray outer layer and a black inner layer, and the inner black surface is coated with a food-grade hydrophobic material, and the bottom two corners of the bag are provided with asymmetrical breathable micropores.

[0009] Preferably, the insect sex pheromone traps in steps S1 and S3 use different colored traps for the peach fruit moth and the pear fruit moth, and are equipped with specific sex lures.

[0010] Preferably, the deployment density of the composite trapping system in step S3 is: one insecticidal lamp per 3-5 mu, 5-8 sex pheromone traps per mu, and 10-15 sugar-vinegar solution traps per mu.

[0011] Preferably, 1-2 days before bagging in step S2, the entire orchard is sprayed with a biological bactericide and insecticide mixture containing matrine and Bacillus thuringiensis. The orchard is bagged immediately after the solution dries.

[0012] Preferably, in step S4, the removal of fruit bags is carried out in two batches: the first batch removes the fruit bags from the outer periphery and upper part of the canopy to allow the fruit to color first; after an interval of 3-5 days, the fruit bags from the inner canopy and lower part of the canopy are removed.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) By systematically integrating physical bagging with various trapping techniques in terms of time and space, and taking pest monitoring as the guide, the optimal window period for bagging is determined so that physical isolation measures can play their maximum role. The subsequent deployment of the composite trapping system is spatially differentiated according to the ecological habits and activity patterns of different pests, which achieves precise coverage of the trapping range and target objects. It can effectively block the direct damage of key pests and diseases to the fruit, and continuously reduce the overall pest population in the orchard, thereby reducing the pressure of prevention and control from the root.

[0014] (2) By introducing model-based decision-making and dynamic management mechanisms, the accuracy and environmental friendliness of prevention and control are significantly improved. Based on the prediction model of effective accumulated temperature and monitoring data, the timing of agricultural operations such as bagging is transformed from experience-based judgment to data-driven, improving the predictability and accuracy of measures. The deployment strategy of optimizing resource allocation according to the spatial distribution characteristics of pests, and the risk control mechanism based on real-time pest population assessment, together achieve efficient and precise deployment of prevention and control resources. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Example 1: Please see Figure 1 As shown, an integrated pest management method for winter peaches, combining fruit bagging with trapping techniques, includes the following steps: S1. Insect infestation monitoring and early warning: During the physiological fruit drop period of winter peaches (mid to late May), special insect sex pheromone traps for peach fruit moth and pear fruit moth were hung in the experimental orchard (a mature winter peach orchard located in the North China Plain) at a density of 3-5 traps per acre. By using the sex pheromones released by female adult pests to simulate signals, male adults are attracted and captured. By regularly checking (every 2-3 days) and recording the first capture date and number of adults in each trap, the "initial appearance period" and "initial peak period" of the two main fruit-boring pests can be monitored. This provides a precise time window for the next bagging operation, avoiding the disadvantages of bagging too early affecting fruit development or bagging too late losing its insect-prevention significance.

[0018] S2. Precision bagging based on monitoring: Based on the monitoring data from step S1, when it is confirmed that the number of adult peach fruit moths or pear fruit moths is about to enter the peak emergence period (5-7 days after the initial appearance period), and the winter peaches in the field have completed physiological fruit drop and their size is basically fixed (about 1.5-2.0 cm in diameter), uniform bagging of the entire orchard should be organized immediately. One to two days before bagging, spray the entire orchard once with a biological agent to "close the orchard". Specifically, you can mix 0.3% matrine aqueous solution at 500 times dilution with 8000 IU / mg Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder at 500 times dilution and spray evenly. Matrine can control piercing-sucking pests such as aphids and mites, as well as some diseases, while Bacillus thuringiensis is effective against lepidopteran larvae (such as leafrollers). After spraying, wait until the solution on the leaves and fruit surface is completely dry before bagging.

[0019] The fruit bags used for bagging are specially made double-layer composite paper bags with a gray outer layer and a black inner layer. The outer layer is light gray waterproof wood pulp paper, which can reflect some strong light and reduce the temperature inside the bag. The inner layer is black paper coated with food-grade hydrophobic material (edible wax or silicone), which blocks light, prevents excessive humidity inside the bag, and prevents the fruit from sticking to the surface after being soaked by pesticides or rainwater. Asymmetrical ventilation holes are made at the two corners of the bottom of the bag (one round hole about 3 mm in diameter at the lower left corner and two round holes about 2 mm in diameter at the lower right corner) to ensure air circulation inside the bag, regulate the microclimate, prevent sunburn and disease. The asymmetry creates a certain airflow disturbance, reducing the possibility of pests positioning and entering through fixed holes. When bagging, make sure the fruit bag is open and the fruit is suspended in the center of the bag. Tie the bag opening tightly at the base of the fruit stem to prevent rainwater, pests and pathogens from entering.

[0020] S3. Establish a three-dimensional, composite trapping system: Immediately after bagging, a three-dimensional, multi-layered trapping system is established in the orchard. This system consists of three devices: Ultraviolet (UV) spectral insecticidal lamps: mainly deployed around the perimeter of orchards and along both sides of main roads, installed at a height of 2.5-3.0 meters, with a density of one lamp per 3-5 acres. Utilizing the phototaxis of most pests, especially their sensitivity to ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 320-400nm, these lamps lure phototactic adult insects such as Lepidoptera and Coleoptera towards the light source, where they are killed by the high-voltage electric grid or fall into the insect collection bag. They are mainly used to control phototactic pest populations that invade the perimeter of orchards.

[0021] Sweet and sour liquid bait: Disperse and hang in the lower part of the fruit tree canopy (1.2-1.5 meters above the ground), with a density of 10-15 baits per acre. The sweet and sour liquid formula is based on the traditional brown sugar: vinegar: white wine: water = 1:4:0.5:10 formula, with the addition of 0.05% pear ester and 0.03% phenylacetaldehyde as plant volatile compounds. It not only has a general chemotactic attraction to fruit flies and moths, but the addition of pear esters and phenylacetaldehyde has a particularly enhanced attraction effect on scarab beetles (which prefer to eat the volatiles of ripe fruit) and some leafrollers, thus expanding the trapping spectrum. The trap uses a wide-mouthed bottle, which contains the above mixture and 0.1% trichlorfon soluble powder. Pests die from poisoning after feeding on or coming into contact with it.

[0022] Insect sex pheromone traps: Based on the monitoring points in step S1, deploy 5-8 traps per acre, evenly suspended in the upper and middle parts of the fruit tree canopy inside the orchard (1.5-1.8 meters above the ground). Use different colored traps for the peach fruit moth and the pear fruit moth (green for the peach fruit moth and white for the pear fruit moth), and use corresponding specific pheromone lures. Different colors have different visual appeal to specific pests, greatly improving the interception rate of target males, interfering with their mating, and reducing the population of the next generation.

[0023] Through a three-dimensional spatial layout, it covers different levels of pest migration, activity, and habitat; through functional integration, it targets the behavioral habits of different types of pests or different individuals of the same type of pest, maximizing the trapping range and complementing and enhancing the effect; bagging mainly protects individual fruits, while this trapping system actively reduces the overall pest population pressure in the orchard.

[0024] S4. System Maintenance and Harvest Period Management: During the fruit growth period, regularly (every 7-10 days) check and maintain the trapping device, clean up the insects in time, replenish or replace the sugar-vinegar solution, and ensure that the lights and lures are effective. 10-14 days before the planned harvest of the fruit, remove the bags in batches to promote coloring and sugar accumulation. The specific operation is as follows: First, remove the fruit bags from the outer and upper parts of the tree canopy where there is good sunlight. These fruits receive more sunlight and color faster after the bags are removed. After an interval of 3-5 days, remove the fruit bags from the inner and lower parts of the tree canopy. This avoids sunburn caused by sudden exposure of all fruits and makes the distribution of labor in the orchard more balanced. From the time the bags are removed until harvest (about 7-14 days), the fruits are fully exposed, and the three-dimensional composite trapping system continues to work to control the adult insects that emerge later (such as the third generation of pear fruit moth and scarab beetles), minimizing the damage caused by pests and diseases from the time the bags are removed until harvest, and ensuring the quality of the final fruit.

[0025] Example 2: Please see Figure 1 As shown, an integrated pest management method for winter peaches, combining fruit bagging with trapping techniques, includes the following steps: S1. Insect infestation monitoring and model-based early warning: During the physiological fruit drop period of winter peaches (usually mid-to-late May), specialized insect sex pheromone traps for the peach fruit moth and pear fruit moth were hung in the experimental orchard at a density of 3-5 traps per acre. From the date of hanging, the number of traps captured by each trap was recorded daily, along with the average daily temperature of the orchard.

[0026] The specific operation of the plumage peak prediction model based on effective accumulated temperature and capture dynamics is as follows: First, determine the effective accumulated temperature required for the emergence of overwintering adults of the local peach fruit moth. For example, if its developmental starting temperature is known to be... The effective accumulated temperature required from overwintering larvae to emergence is ; From a certain biological starting point after the end of winter dormancy (when the average daily temperature has stabilized) Starting from that day, the effective accumulated temperature cumulative value is calculated daily. : ; in, For the first The average daily temperature of the day, only when > Calculations are performed in time; When the effective accumulated temperature value near When the value reaches a certain threshold, the system enters a high alert period. At this time, based on the actual capture data of the traps, the moving weighted average method is used to calculate the adult emergence dynamic index. To smooth out daily fluctuations and more accurately determine the "beginning of peak": ; in, , , These represent the average daily capture volume per device for the current day, the previous day, and the two days prior, respectively. The quantitative indicator for the initial peak of the molting stage is defined as: meeting the criteria for 3 consecutive days. ,in This represents the average daily catch after entering the alert period. The standard deviation is used as the threshold. When the monitoring data meets this condition, the system determines that the molting stage has begun. The bagging operation must be completed 3-5 days before this critical point.

[0027] S2. Based on monitoring, bagging and pretreatment: According to the monitoring results of step S1, before the peak emergence of adult target pests and after the fruit has set, all fruits are uniformly bagged. S3. Establish a three-dimensional composite trapping system based on the spatial distribution model of pests: After bagging is completed, immediately establish a three-dimensional composite trapping system in the orchard, optimizing the layout based on the "pest source strength and diffusion attenuation" model. The specific operations are as follows: Analyze historical data on pest and disease occurrence over the past 1-2 years, or use the trap capture data from step S1, to divide the orchard into several grid units. Calculate the pest source intensity index for each unit (i): ; in, The historical disease rate (normalized value). The average catch during the current monitoring period (normalized value), α and β are weighting coefficients. The 1-2 grids with the highest values ​​are identified as the core insect source area; Using the base density of the three baiting devices as a benchmark, the deployment density in the core insect source area and its downwind 50-meter fan-shaped area is adjusted upwards according to the following model: Sex pheromone trap density upregulation factor: ; Density adjustment factor for sweet and sour liquid bait trap: ; The position of the insecticidal lamp remains unchanged, but ensure that the core insect source area is within its effective radiation range; Based on the above calculations, ultraviolet light insecticidal lamps will be deployed around the orchard and along the main roads; insect pheromone traps will be prioritized and densely deployed in the core insect source area and the upper and middle parts of the inner canopy; and sugar-vinegar solution traps will be dispersed and hung in the lower and middle parts of the fruit tree canopy in the core area and along the diffusion path, according to the adjusted density. S4. System maintenance and feedback-based harvest period management: During the fruit growth period, regularly maintain the trapping and killing devices. Seven days before removing the fruit bags, activate the dynamic risk assessment algorithm for bag removal, as follows: The total amount of samples captured per unit time by the three devices in the three-dimensional trapping system within one week prior to bagging. ; Calculate the relative insect population pressure index in the field : ; in, The area of ​​the orchard is in mu (acres). For the number of monitoring days; Implement a tiered management strategy based on RR values: like ( To establish a safety threshold based on local experience, bagging will begin in batches as originally planned (10-14 days before harvest).

[0028] like < ≤2 Delay bagging for 3-5 days and check if the trapping device needs to be strengthened.

[0029] like >2 A high-risk warning has been issued, and consideration is being given to delaying the removal of the bags and then spraying biological agents (such as pyrethroids) around the outer edge of the tree canopy before removing the bags.

[0030] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for integrated pest management of winter peaches using a combination of fruit bagging and trapping techniques, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1. During the physiological fruit drop period of winter peaches, insect sex pheromone traps are hung in the orchard to monitor the initial appearance of adult peach fruit moth and pear fruit moth. S2. Based on the monitoring results of step S1, before the peak emergence period of the target pest adults and after the fruit has set, all fruits are uniformly bagged. S3. After bagging, immediately establish a composite trapping system in the orchard consisting of insect sex pheromone traps, sugar-vinegar solution traps, and ultraviolet spectrum insecticidal lamps. The spatial layout of the three systems should match the habits of the target pests. S4. Regularly maintain the trapping device and remove the fruit bags 7-14 days before fruit harvest. From the time the bags are removed until harvest, the main control of adult insects in the later stages relies on the composite trapping system.

2. The integrated pest management method for winter peaches using a combination of fruit bagging and trapping techniques, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The spatial layout of the three-dimensional trapping system in step S3 is as follows: ultraviolet spectrum insecticidal lamps are placed around the orchard and along the main road; sugar-vinegar liquid traps are scattered and suspended in the lower part of the fruit tree canopy; and insect sex pheromone traps are evenly distributed in the upper part of the fruit tree canopy inside the orchard.

3. The integrated pest management method for winter peaches using a combination of fruit bagging and trapping technology as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the sugar-vinegar solution in the bait contains plant volatiles that mimic the induction of secondary pests in winter peach orchards, namely, the scarab beetle and the leafroller. The components include a mixture of pear esters and phenylacetaldehyde.

4. The integrated pest management method for winter peaches using a combination of fruit bagging and trapping techniques, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: In step S2, the fruit bag used for bagging is a double-layer composite paper bag with a gray outer layer and a black inner layer. The inner black layer is coated with a food-grade hydrophobic material, and the bottom two corners of the bag have asymmetrical breathable micropores.

5. The integrated pest management method for winter peaches using a combination of fruit bagging and trapping technology as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The insect sex pheromone traps in steps S1 and S3 use different colored traps for the peach fruit moth and the pear fruit moth, and are equipped with specific sex lures.

6. The integrated pest management method for winter peaches using a combination of fruit bagging and trapping techniques, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The deployment density of the composite trapping system in step S3 is as follows: one insecticidal lamp per 3-5 mu, 5-8 sex pheromone traps per mu, and 10-15 sugar-vinegar solution traps per mu.

7. The integrated pest management method for winter peaches using a combination of fruit bagging and trapping technology as described in claim 1, characterized in that: One to two days before bagging in step S2, spray the entire orchard once with a biological bactericide and insecticide mixture containing matrine and Bacillus thuringiensis. Bag the orchard immediately after the solution dries.

8. The integrated pest management method for winter peaches using a combination of fruit bagging and trapping techniques, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... In step S4, the fruit bags are removed in two batches: the first batch removes the fruit bags from the outer and upper parts of the tree canopy to allow the fruit to color first; after an interval of 3-5 days, the fruit bags from the inner part of the tree canopy and the lower part of the fruit are removed.

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