A hot air towel drying rack
The hot air towel drying rack solves the problems of low towel drying efficiency and high energy consumption by using even hot air blowing and air direction adjustment components, achieving fast and even drying and sterilization, and extending the service life of towels.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHENZHEN ZHONGPENG NEW ELECTRIC TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing towel drying methods are inefficient and energy-intensive, especially in rainy days or high-humidity environments where they are difficult to dry effectively. Furthermore, electric heating dryers have low heat transfer efficiency and uneven temperature distribution.
The towel rack uses a hot air drying function, which includes a hot air drying component, an air direction adjustment component, and a UV sterilization lamp. It uses hot air to evenly blow on the towels and combines it with UV sterilization. The air direction adjustment component ensures that the hot air fully contacts all parts of the towels, and the anti-slip strip prevents the towels from slipping. The control panel optimizes energy consumption.
It achieves fast and even towel drying, reduces energy consumption, avoids uneven temperature, prevents bacterial growth, and extends the towel's lifespan.
Smart Images

Figure CN122074835A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of towel drying technology, and more particularly to a hot air towel drying rack. Background Technology
[0002] A towel is a soft fabric made from textile fibers (mainly cotton fibers). It is characterized by its porous structure, high absorbency, and good conformability, and is widely used in personal hygiene, home care, and food hygiene. In daily life, towels are mainly used to wipe the face, body, tableware, or surface moisture. Their fiber structure allows for rapid absorption and retention of moisture, thus achieving quick drying and cleaning of the skin or objects. However, this very high absorbency means that towels retain a lot of moisture after use. If not dried promptly, this can lead to a series of hygiene and usage problems. After use, the fibers and surface of towels accumulate sebum, sweat, dead skin cells, and environmental dust. When towels remain damp for extended periods, especially in poorly ventilated, high-humidity bathrooms, bacteria, mold, and other microorganisms multiply rapidly. Studies have shown that the number of bacteria on damp towels can increase exponentially within hours. Common bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, which can cause skin itching, acne, eye infections, and even respiratory illnesses. Furthermore, mold growth in damp environments produces unpleasant odors, making towels smell musty and affecting the user experience. At the same time, prolonged dampness accelerates fiber aging, hardening, and yellowing, reducing absorbency and significantly shortening the towel's lifespan, increasing replacement frequency and living costs. Therefore, towels must be dried as soon as possible after use to inhibit microbial growth, maintain hygiene, and extend their lifespan.
[0003] Existing methods for drying towels mainly involve sun drying and electric heating. These methods are inefficient and ineffective. Sun drying is highly dependent on weather and location, and towels are difficult to dry effectively on rainy days or in high-humidity environments. Electric heating, on the other hand, suffers from low heat transfer efficiency due to direct contact between the heating element and the towel, resulting in slow drying speed, high energy consumption, and uneven temperature. To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of towel drying, a hot air towel drying rack is needed. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a hot air towel drying rack.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0006] A hot air towel drying rack includes a hot air drying assembly. The hot air drying assembly includes a fixed frame with two sets of fixed frames arranged in parallel. Several sets of reinforcing rods are arranged sequentially between the two sets of fixed frames. A first support frame is provided on one side of the fixed frame. Several sets of placement rods are arranged sequentially on one side of the first support frame. The placement rods are arranged in parallel and have elliptical arc surfaces at their tops. Several sets of second support frames are arranged sequentially on one side of the fixed frame. Several sets of drying pipes are arranged in parallel on one side of the second support frame. Several sets of air outlets are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the drying pipes. A control valve is connected to one end of the drying pipe, and a connecting pipe is connected to the other end of the control valve. A heating fan is fixedly installed on one side of the fixed frame. Several sets of quick connectors are arranged sequentially at the bottom of the heating fan. An air direction adjustment assembly for adjusting the air direction is provided on one side of the drying pipe. A fixing assembly for installation and fixation is provided on one side of the fixed frame.
[0007] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the air direction adjustment component includes an air guide hood, and several sets of air guide hoods are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the drying tube. The position and size of the air guide hoods are adapted to the air outlet of the drying tube. A drive motor is provided on one side of the air guide hood, and a fixed shaft is connected to one end of the drive motor. One end of the fixed shaft rotates through the air guide hood. An adjustment frame is provided on the fixed shaft. The size of the adjustment frame is adapted to the air guide hood. Several sets of guide grooves are arranged sequentially on the surface of the adjustment frame.
[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the fixing component includes a mounting base, and several sets of mounting bases are arranged in sequence. An adjusting bracket is slidably provided at one end of the mounting base, and one end of the adjusting bracket is fixed to the fixing frame. Several sets of limiting holes are arranged in sequence on the adjusting bracket. The mounting base is also provided with limiting holes. Limiting bolts are detachably provided through the limiting holes. A fixing bracket is provided at the end of the mounting base.
[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention: a connector is provided at the end of the connecting pipe, the connector is threaded, a groove is provided on one side of the connector, and a washer is provided in the groove.
[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention: guide grooves are symmetrically provided on both sides of the adjustment bracket, and two sets of guide blocks are symmetrically provided on the inner wall of the mounting base, the size and position of the guide blocks being adapted to the guide grooves.
[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention: the surface of the placement rod is provided with several sets of rubber anti-slip strips, and the several sets of rubber anti-slip strips are arranged in a circular pattern.
[0012] As a further embodiment of the present invention: a control panel is provided on one side of the fixing frame, and a protective film is affixed to the surface of the control panel.
[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention: a protective box is provided on one side of the fixing frame, the size and position of the protective box being adapted to the control panel, a protective cover is rotatably installed on one side of the protective box, a connecting bracket is provided on the top of the protective box, and a positioning bracket is rotatably installed on one end of the connecting bracket, the size and position of the positioning bracket being adapted to the protective cover.
[0014] As a further embodiment of the present invention: a fixed seat is provided on one side of the fixed frame, a connecting frame is slidably provided through the fixed seat, and a water receiving box is fixedly installed on one side of the connecting frame.
[0015] As a further embodiment of the present invention: a UV disinfection lamp is fixed on the surface of the drying tube, and several sets of UV disinfection lamps are provided, which are symmetrically installed on the top and bottom of the drying tube respectively.
[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:
[0017] 1. By setting up a hot air drying component, damp towels can be dried by blowing hot air. The hot air blows evenly onto the towel, which can evenly distribute heat and dry it quickly and thoroughly. This solves the problem that natural sun drying is more dependent on weather and location, resulting in poor efficiency and effectiveness. It also solves the problem of low heat conduction efficiency in electric heating dryers where the heating element is in direct contact with the towel. This can effectively improve the drying speed, greatly reduce energy consumption, and avoid uneven temperature during drying.
[0018] 2. By setting up the air direction adjustment component, the direction of the hot air can be easily adjusted, so that the hot air can fully and evenly contact different parts of the towel, avoiding dead corners during drying and affecting the drying effect.
[0019] 3. Several sets of rubber anti-slip strips arranged in a circle on the surface of the placement rod can increase the friction between the towel and the rod, thus effectively preventing the towel from accidentally slipping off the placement rod after placement. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hot air towel drying rack proposed in this invention from a frontal perspective;
[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing part of a hot air dryer towel rack proposed in this invention;
[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the placement part of a hot air drying towel rack proposed in this invention;
[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the control part of a hot air towel drying rack proposed in this invention;
[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the drying section of a hot air towel rack proposed in this invention;
[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting part of a hot air towel drying rack proposed in this invention;
[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the airflow direction adjustment part of a hot air towel rack proposed in this invention;
[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the guide section of a hot air towel drying rack proposed in this invention.
[0028] In the diagram: 1. Fixed frame; 2. First support frame; 3. Reinforcing rod; 4. Rubber anti-slip strip; 5. Placement rod; 6. Second support frame; 7. Drying tube; 8. Air guide hood; 9. Adjusting frame; 10. Ultraviolet disinfection lamp; 11. Water receiving box; 12. Control valve; 13. Fixed seat; 14. Connecting frame; 15. Adjusting bracket; 16. Limit bolt; 17. Mounting seat; 18. Fixed bracket; 19. Protective box; 20. Connector; 21. Connecting pipe; 22. Heating fan; 23. Connecting bracket; 24. Positioning frame; 25. Protective cover; 26. Control panel; 27. Drive motor; 28. Fixed shaft; 29. Guide groove; 30. Guide block. Detailed Implementation
[0029] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
[0030] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
[0031] Example 1
[0032] A hot air towel drying rack, such as Figure 1-8As shown, the device includes a hot air drying assembly, which includes a fixed frame 1. Two sets of fixed frames 1 are arranged in parallel. Several sets of reinforcing rods 3 are arranged sequentially between the two sets of fixed frames 1. A first support frame 2 is provided on one side of the fixed frame 1. Several sets of placement rods 5 are arranged sequentially on one side of the first support frame 2. The placement rods 5 are arranged in parallel and have an elliptical arc surface at the top. Several sets of second support frames 6 are arranged sequentially on one side of the fixed frame 1. Several sets of drying pipes 7 are arranged in parallel on one side of the second support frame 6. Several sets of air outlets are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the drying pipes 7. One end of the drying pipe 7 is connected to a control valve 12. One end of the control valve 12 is connected to a connecting pipe 21. A heating fan 22 is fixedly installed on one side of the fixed frame 1. Several sets of quick connectors are arranged sequentially at the bottom of the heating fan 22. An air direction adjustment component for adjusting the air direction is provided on one side of the drying pipe 7. A fixing component for installation and fixing is provided on one side of the fixed frame 1.
[0033] In use, the fixing bracket 1 can be fixed to the wall using the fixing components. After fixing, the used damp towels can be hung on the placement rods 5. Multiple towels can be placed simultaneously using several sets of placement rods 5. After the towels are hung on the placement rods 5, their ends will hang down naturally from both ends of the placement rods 5. The position of the drying tube 7 is adapted to the direction of the towel hanging down, and its position is in the middle of the towel. Several sets of air outlets on both sides are set towards the two ends of the towel hanging down. The pipe can be connected through the quick connector at the bottom of the heating fan 22. After the connection is completed, the other end of the pipe can be connected to the connecting pipe 21. The drying tube 7 is hollow and is horizontally set on the second support frame 6. After being connected to the heating fan 22 through the pipe, the heating fan 22 can deliver hot air to the drying tube 7. The hot air can be blown out through the air outlets on both sides to dry the towel. The hot air blowing method can dry the towel thoroughly and completely. The drying is fast and can effectively improve the efficiency of heat conduction, while ensuring uniform temperature. This system allows hot air to directly and comprehensively act on the towels, thus drying them quickly. This solves the problem of the poor efficiency and effectiveness of natural sun drying, which is heavily dependent on weather and location. It also solves the problem of low heat transfer efficiency when the heating element of an electric dryer is in direct contact with the towel. This effectively improves the drying speed, greatly reduces energy consumption, and avoids uneven temperature during drying. The oval-shaped placement rod 5 allows the ends of the towel to hang naturally, making it easy to dry. The hot air flow can be controlled by automatically opening and closing the control valve 12. A manual control handle is connected to one side of the control valve 12 for manual control in case of malfunction. It can control the activation and deactivation of several sets of drying tubes 7 according to the length of the towel, avoiding unnecessary waste of hot air. Each set of drying tubes 7 is equipped with a temperature sensor, which can be linked with the control valve 12 and the heating fan 22. When the temperature exceeds the limit, the control valve 12 can automatically close or the heating fan 22 can automatically reduce the outlet air temperature, preventing unnecessary energy consumption.
[0034] The airflow adjustment component includes an air guide hood 8, which is provided in several groups and is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the drying tube 7. The position and size of the air guide hood 8 are adapted to the air outlet of the drying tube 7. A drive motor 27 is provided on one side of the air guide hood 8. One end of the drive motor 27 is connected to a fixed shaft 28. One end of the fixed shaft 28 is rotatably inserted through the air guide hood 8. An adjustment frame 9 is provided on the fixed shaft 28. The size of the adjustment frame 9 is adapted to the air guide hood 8. Several groups of guide grooves are arranged sequentially on the surface of the adjustment frame 9.
[0035] When in use, hot air is blown through the air outlet of the drying pipe 7 and can pass through the air guide shroud 8. The fixed shaft 28 and the adjusting frame 9 can be rotated by starting the drive motor 27. The angle of the adjusting frame 9 can be adjusted by rotating it, so that the direction of the hot air can be easily adjusted when it passes through. The direction of the hot air can be guided so that the hot air is blown out along the angle of the adjusting frame 9. The direction can be easily adjusted as needed, so that the hot air can fully and evenly contact different parts of the towel. This can avoid dead corners during drying and affect the drying effect. The guide groove on the adjusting frame 9 can guide the hot air, so that the hot air is blown in a direction towards the towel.
[0036] The fixing component includes a mounting base 17, and several sets of mounting bases 17 are arranged in sequence. An adjusting bracket 15 is slidably provided at one end of the mounting base 17. One end of the adjusting bracket 15 is fixed to the fixing frame 1. Several sets of limiting holes are arranged in sequence on the adjusting bracket 15. The mounting base 17 is also provided with limiting holes. Limiting bolts 16 are detachably provided through the limiting holes. A fixing bracket 18 is provided at the end of the mounting base 17.
[0037] In use, the fixed bracket 18 has several sets of screw holes. The screw holes of the fixed bracket 18 can be aligned with the screw holes of the fixed position on the wall. After alignment, tightening the bolts will complete the installation and fixing of the mounting base 17. After fixing, the fixed frame 1 can be fixed simultaneously. By controlling the sliding of the adjusting bracket 15 on the mounting base 17, the distance between the fixed frame 1 and the wall can be adjusted. It can be adjusted according to the needs during installation. After adjustment, the limiting holes of the adjusting bracket 15 and the mounting base 17 can be aligned. After alignment, tightening the limiting bolt 16 will complete the limiting and fixing of the adjusting bracket 15, which can prevent the adjusting bracket 15 from sliding unnecessarily.
[0038] To facilitate pipe connection, such as Figure 1 , 5 As shown, a connector 20 is provided at the end of the connecting pipe 21. The connector 20 has a thread, and a groove is provided on one side of the connector 20. A washer is provided in the groove.
[0039] When in use, the gasket is made of rubber. The connector 20 can assist in connecting pipes. The threaded connection can quickly complete the pipe connection and prevent accidental disconnection after connection. The gasket can increase the sealing of the connection and prevent leakage.
[0040] To guide the adjustment bracket 15, such as Figure 8 As shown, guide grooves 29 are symmetrically opened on both sides of the adjusting bracket 15, and two sets of guide blocks 30 are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the mounting base 17. The size and position of the guide blocks 30 are adapted to the guide grooves 29.
[0041] In use, guide grooves 29 are respectively opened on the top and bottom of the adjusting bracket 15, and guide blocks 30 are also symmetrically arranged on the top and bottom inner walls of the mounting base 17. When controlling the sliding of the adjusting bracket 15, the sliding of the guide grooves 29 in contact with the guide blocks 30 can play an effective guiding role, which can avoid accidental deviation during movement.
[0042] To prevent the towel from slipping, such as Figure 3 As shown, the surface of the placement rod 5 is provided with several sets of rubber anti-slip strips 4, and the several sets of rubber anti-slip strips 4 are arranged in a circle.
[0043] When in use, the friction between the towel and the several sets of rubber anti-slip strips 4 arranged in a circle on the surface of the placement rod 5 can be increased, thereby achieving an effective anti-slip effect and preventing the towel from accidentally slipping off the placement rod 5 after placement, thus avoiding affecting the normal drying of the towel.
[0044] For ease of control, such as Figure 4 As shown, a control panel 26 is provided on one side of the mounting bracket 1, and a protective film is affixed to the surface of the control panel 26;
[0045] In use, the control panel 26 is connected to each component via wires. The start, stop and power of each component can be conveniently controlled through the control panel 26. Necessary parameters such as the running time, hot air outlet temperature and air volume of the heating fan 22 can be set.
[0046] To prevent moisture and water from entering the control panel 26, such as Figure 4 , 5 As shown, a protective box 19 is provided on one side of the fixed frame 1. The size and position of the protective box 19 are adapted to the control panel 26. A protective cover 25 is rotatably installed on one side of the protective box 19. A connecting bracket 23 is provided on the top of the protective box 19. A positioning bracket 24 is rotatably installed on one end of the connecting bracket 23. The size and position of the positioning bracket 24 are adapted to the protective cover 25.
[0047] During use, the positioning frame 24 and the connecting bracket 23 are equipped with damping to prevent unnecessary rotation when not manually operated. The protective cover 25 can be rotated to control the opening and closing of the protective box 19. When the control panel 26 needs to be operated, the protective box 19 can be opened. When it is not needed, the protective cover 25 can be rotated to close the protective box 19. After closing, it can provide effective protection for the internal control panel 26 and prevent it from being damaged by moisture or water. After the protective cover 25 is closed, the positioning frame 24 can be manually rotated to lock the protective cover 25 and limit and fix it, which can prevent the protective cover 25 from being opened accidentally and affecting the protective effect.
[0048] To collect the water dripping from a wet towel, such as Figure 1 , 2 As shown, a fixed base 13 is provided on one side of the fixed frame 1, and a connecting frame 14 is slidably provided through the fixed base 13. A water receiving box 11 is fixedly installed on one side of the connecting frame 14.
[0049] When in use, the connecting bracket 14 on one side of the water receiving box 11 can be aligned with the slot of the fixing seat 13 and inserted. The water receiving box 11 can be fixed by the fixing seat 13 to prevent it from falling accidentally. After the water receiving box 11 is installed, it is located below the drying tube 7. After the wet towel is hung on the placement rod 5, the water will drip down the towel and fall to the ground, affecting hygiene. The water receiving box 11 at its bottom can effectively collect the dripping water, avoiding affecting hygiene and allowing the collected water to be reused, which can improve the utilization rate of water resources.
[0050] Example 2
[0051] In order to carry out sterilization and disinfection, refer to Figure 6 , 7 A hot air towel drying rack is provided. Compared with embodiment 1, the following improvements are made: an ultraviolet disinfection lamp 10 is fixed on the surface of the drying tube 7. Several sets of ultraviolet disinfection lamps 10 are provided and are symmetrically installed on the top and bottom of the drying tube 7.
[0052] When in use, the ultraviolet disinfection lamp 10, which is fixed at the top and bottom of the drying tube 7, is positioned in the center of the hanging towel. When the ultraviolet disinfection lamp 10 is lit, it generates ultraviolet light to fully irradiate the towel. The full irradiation of ultraviolet light can sterilize and disinfect the towel, avoiding the presence of bacteria and germs that may affect the skin.
[0053] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. For parts that do not require creative effort in circuit control, signal control and transmission, please refer to the prior art. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A hot air type towel drying rack, characterized by, The utility model provides hot -air drying assembly, hot -air drying assembly includes fixed frame (1), two groups are arranged in parallel with fixed frame (1), and a plurality of groups of reinforcing rod (3) are sequentially arranged between two groups of fixed frame (1), and the one side of fixed frame (1) is provided with first support frame (2), and the one side of first support frame (2) is sequentially arranged with a plurality of groups of placing rod (5), and placing rod (5) is arranged in parallel respectively, and the top of placing rod (5) is provided with oval camber, and the one side of fixed frame (1) is sequentially arranged with a plurality of groups of second support frame (6), and the one side of second support frame (6) is provided with a plurality of groups of drying pipe (7) in parallel, and a plurality of groups of air outlet are respectively arranged in the two sides of drying pipe (7), and the one end of drying pipe (7) is connected with control valve (12), and the one end of control valve (12) is connected with connecting pipe (21), and the one side of fixed frame (1) is fixedly installed with heating fan (22), and the bottom of heating fan (22) is sequentially arranged with a plurality of groups of quick connector, and the one side of drying pipe (7) is provided with air direction adjusting assembly for adjusting air direction, and the one side of fixed frame (1) is provided with fixed mounting assembly for mounting.
2. The hot air towel drying rack according to claim 1, wherein The air direction adjusting assembly includes a plurality of air guide covers (8) arranged symmetrically on both sides of the drying pipe (7), the air guide cover (8) is adapted in size and position to the air outlet of the drying pipe (7), the air guide cover (8) is provided with a drive motor (27) on one side, the drive motor (27) is connected with a fixed shaft (28) at one end, the fixed shaft (28) is rotatably arranged through the air guide cover (8) at one end, the fixed shaft (28) is provided with an adjusting frame (9), the adjusting frame (9) is adapted in size to the air guide cover (8), and a plurality of guide grooves are sequentially arranged on the surface of the adjusting frame (9).
3. The hot air towel drying rack according to claim 1, wherein The fixing assembly includes a mounting seat (17) sequentially arranged with a plurality of groups, the mounting seat (17) is slidably provided with an adjusting support (15) at one end, the adjusting support (15) is fixed to the fixed frame (1) at one end, a plurality of limiting holes are sequentially arranged on the adjusting support (15), the mounting seat (17) is also provided with limiting holes, and a limiting bolt (16) is detachably arranged through the limiting holes, and the mounting seat (17) is provided with a fixed support (18) at the end.
4. The hot air towel drying rack according to claim 1, wherein The connecting pipe (21) is provided with a connecting head (20) at the end, the connecting head (20) is provided with a thread, the connecting head (20) is provided with a groove on one side, and the groove is provided with a gasket.
5. The hot air towel drying rack according to claim 3, wherein The adjusting support (15) is symmetrically provided with a guide groove (29) on both sides, and the inner wall of the mounting seat (17) is symmetrically provided with two groups of guide blocks (30), and the size and position of the guide block (30) are adapted to the guide groove (29).
6. The hot air towel drying rack according to claim 1, wherein The surface of the placing rod (5) is provided with a plurality of rubber anti-skid strips (4), and the plurality of rubber anti-skid strips (4) are circularly arranged.
7. The hot air towel drying rack according to claim 1, wherein The one side of the fixed frame (1) is provided with a control panel (26), and the surface of the control panel (26) is attached with a protective film.
8. The hot air towel drying rack according to claim 7, wherein A protective box (19) is provided on one side of the fixed frame (1). The size and position of the protective box (19) are adapted to the control panel (26). A protective cover (25) is rotatably installed on one side of the protective box (19). A connecting bracket (23) is provided on the top of the protective box (19). A positioning frame (24) is rotatably installed on one end of the connecting bracket (23). The size and position of the positioning frame (24) are adapted to the protective cover (25).
9. The hot air towel drying rack according to claim 1, wherein A fixed seat (13) is provided on one side of the fixed frame (1), and a connecting frame (14) is slidably provided through the fixed seat (13). A water receiving box (11) is fixedly installed on one side of the connecting frame (14).
10. The hot air towel drying rack according to claim 1, wherein The surface of the drying tube (7) is fixed with ultraviolet disinfection lamps (10), and several sets of ultraviolet disinfection lamps (10) are set up and symmetrically installed at the top and bottom of the drying tube (7).